4th Generation Mobile Communication

FOURTH GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION TO PERVASIVE COMMUNICATION

Elements of Mobile Cellular Communication Network HLR

VLR

Mobile Unit The Cell MSC

cell

BS

ARQ - Automatic Retransmission and Fragmentation Mechanism MAC layer Packets from higher layer

TYPES OF ARQ SYSTEM  Stop-and-wait ARQ  Go-back N ARQ  Selective-repeat ARQ

small sub packets

Stop-and-wait ARQ

Go-back N ARQ

Selective-repeat ARQ

On the way. With high frequency mobile extension, accompanying a variety of new techniques having a data rate 260 times of 3G. LA CDMA, WCDMA multirate CDMA

uP GPS ISP, WCDMA, CDMA

CDMA

Packet Switching

TDMA, CDMA

DSP ASP

TDMA FDMA

Proposal for AMC OFDM

UTRA

GPRS

Target 2-5GHz

2000Mh z to 2200Mh z 1800Mh zto1900 MHz

GSM, IS-54, TDMA

800MHz to 900MHz

AMPS, TACS, NMT

935 Mhz to 950 Mhz

100Mb ps to 1Gbps 2Mbps

171 to 384Kbp s 9.6 to 14.4K bps 2.4 to 30Kbp s

Fig-5: 3D Model Representing Mobile Communication Syste

Introduction to Pervasive communication

Pervasive Communication All these existing and upcoming networks, combined together, are promising a global scale distributed infrastructure for “all-time everywhere” communication, known as Pervasive Communication, that seamlessly and ubiquitously aids users in accomplishing their tasks effortlessly.

Network View WIRED BACKBOME NETWORK WIRELESS ACCESS WIRED over WIRELESS NETWORK PERVASIVENESS MANAGEMENT

PERVASIVE NETWORK MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT

PERVASIVE COMPUTING SYSTEM

Pervasive Computing (PerCom) An overall infrastructural support to provide proactively a rich set of computing capabilities and services to a user (may be a nomad) every time everywhere in a transparent, integrated and convenient way.

PerCom Components • Pervasive computation embeded computers and sensors “everywhere” • in devices, appliances, equipment, in homes, workplaces and factories, and even in clothing.

• Pervasive communication everywhere”a high degree communication • through a ubiquitous and secure network infrastructure – with a wired core and wireless adjuncts (shell) that communicate with the core.

Pervasiveness • Computing will be everywhere: pens, cans, pads, boards, coffee machines, alarm watches, etc. –

Invisible and sublime

• Communication will be everywhere: among all devices – –

Wired and/or wireless Single-hop or multi-hop

• Some of the devices (like refrigerators, ovens, etc.) already have computers incorporated, but without the capability of communicating among each other

Intelligent Refrigerator Intelligent Refrigerator •

Take out last can of milk

•

Swipe can’s UPC label, which adds milk to your shopping list for Friday afternoon Make a note that you need milk for the guests you are having over this weekend

•

Reminder to Pager • Friday rolls around and you have not bought milk • You are on your way back from office • Deadline-based reminder is sent by the refrigerator to your pager

Helpful AutoPC •

AutoPC informs you that you are now near a supermarket

•

Opportunistic reminder: “If it is convenient, stop to buy milk”

Pervasive Network (PerNet)

PerCom Architecture • PerCom architecture can be framed into three broad areas: – PerNet • networking,

– PerWare • middleware,

– PerApp • applications

• To implement this architecture, all the three sets of technologies must be used judiciously

PerCom Model user

Applications

user

Middlewares

Network (PerNet)

user

user

Smartness • Smartness involves accurate sensing (input) followed by intelligent control or action (output) between two worlds – namely machine and human • E.g., a pervasive computing system that automatically adjusts heating, cooling, and lighting levels in a room depending on an occupant’s electronic profile must have – some form of perception to track the person and also – some form of control to adjust the ventilation and lighting systems

Conclusion

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