3d German Romanesque Architecture.pdf

PART 4: GERMAN ROMANESQUE History of Architecture 02 – Ar. Diane A. Jose, MBA

INFLUENCES: Geographical 

On the banks of the Rhine, and in the south, cities had been established during the Roman occupation, and it was in these parts that Christianity took root, while, in the north and east, paganism still existed.

INFLUENCES: Geological 

The existence of stone in the Rhine valley facilitated the erection in this material of churches, rendered permanent and fireproof by the early introduction of vaulting. No stone being found on the sandy plains of Northern Germany, brick was there employed, and the style of that district is consequently varied from that of the Rhine valley.

INFLUENCES: Climate 

The average temperature of Central Germany may be said to be the same as Southern England, but with wider extremes, as the heat in the summer is ten degrees higher, and in the winter correspondingly lower, so that carriages in Berlin are converted into sledges.

INFLUENCES: Historical, Social and Religious 

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Under the influence of Rome, Christianity rook root in southern Germany and in the Rhineland, while the rest of the country remained pagan. Charlemagne, the first Frankish king who became Roman Emperor, established the Frankish dominion over southern France and northern Italy. He restored civilization in a great measure to Western Europe, and was a patron of architecture. He forced the people of Saxony to embrace Christianity, which resulted in the erection of circular baptisteries.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER 

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Romanesque architecture in Central Europe exhibits a continuous combination of Carolingian tradition and Lombard influence. Church plans are peculiar in having both western and eastern apses General character is picturesque by reason of numerous circular and octagonal turrets. Polygonal domes, and arcaded galleries under the eaves Doorways were placed laterally in the aisles, and the most richly ornamented features of churches

GERMAN ROMANESQUE EXAMPLES

GERNRODE ABBEY CHURCH A basIican type with triple eastern apses.

BASILICA OF ST. GODEHARD, Hildesheim A basIican type with triple eastern apses.

CHURCH OF THE APOSTLES, Cologne

ST. MARIA IM KAPITOL, Cologne example of triapsal churches for which the city of Cologne

ST. CUNIBERT CHURCH, Cologne example of triapsal churches for which the city of Cologne

ST. MARTIN CHURCH, Cologne example of triapsal churches for which the city of Cologne

WORMS CATHEDRAL

LAACH ABBEY CHURCH is a Benedictine example built completely in this style. On either side of the western apse, which is used as a tomb-house, are the principal entrances from the western atrium, and there are three eastern apses. The vaulting-bays of the nave and aisles are of similar width.

LUBECK CATHEDRAL, Lubeck is a type of brick architecture peculiar to North Germany, but the choir and aisles were not added till A.D. 1335.

To be continued… GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

DRAWING 02  

Draw five (5) GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE To be submitted on December 6, 2017