3 Fundamental Principles Study Guide

                      HE HREE       UNDAMENTAL       R I N C I P L E S             By:    Shaykh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdul-Wahhāb                

hZg

T

T

F

P

aZe Rendered into the English language by Abūl-Layth Qāsim ibn Aggrey Mutiva

1

‫‪TRANSLITERATION CHART‬‬ ‫‪Library of Congress/ALA‬‬

‫‪Number‬‬

‫‪Name‬‬

‫‪Roman‬‬

‫‪From Left‬‬

‫‪Middle‬‬

‫‪From Right‬‬

‫‪Isolated‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ʾalif‬‬

‫** ‪ʾ / ā / * /‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪bāʾ‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫ـــ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬

‫ـــ‬ ‫ـﺒـ‬

‫ـﺎ‬ ‫ـﺐ‬

‫ﺁﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

‫‪400‬‬

‫‪tāʾ‬‬

‫‪t‬‬

‫ﺗـ‬

‫ـﺘـ‬

‫ـﺖ‬

‫ﺕ‬

‫‪500‬‬

‫‪thāʾ‬‬

‫‪th‬‬

‫ﺛـ‬

‫ـﺜـ‬

‫ـﺚ‬

‫ﺙ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪jīm‬‬

‫‪i‬‬

‫ﺟـ‬

‫ـﺠـ‬

‫ـﺞ‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪ḥāʾ‬‬

‫‪ḥ‬‬

‫ﺣـ‬

‫ـﺤـ‬

‫ـﺢ‬

‫ﺡ‬

‫‪600‬‬

‫‪khāʾ‬‬

‫‪kh‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪dāl‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫ﺧـ‬ ‫ـــ‬

‫ـﺨـ‬ ‫ـــ‬

‫ـﺦ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬

‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬

‫‪700‬‬

‫‪dhāl‬‬

‫‪dh‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـﺬ‬

‫ﺫ‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪rāʾ‬‬

‫‪r‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـﺮ‬

‫ﺭ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪zāy‬‬

‫‪z‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـﺰ‬

‫ﺯ‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫‪sīn‬‬

‫‪s‬‬

‫ﺳـ‬

‫ـﺴـ‬

‫ـﺲ‬

‫ﺱ‬

‫‪300‬‬

‫‪shīn‬‬

‫‪sh‬‬

‫‪90‬‬

‫‪ṣād‬‬

‫‪ṣ‬‬

‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ﺻـ‬

‫ـﺸـ‬ ‫ـﺼـ‬

‫ـﺶ‬ ‫ـﺺ‬

‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﺹ‬

‫‪800‬‬

‫‪ḍād‬‬

‫‪ḍ‬‬

‫ﺿـ‬

‫ـﻀـ‬

‫ـﺾ‬

‫ﺽ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪ṭāʾ‬‬

‫‪ṭ‬‬

‫ﻃـ‬

‫ـﻄـ‬

‫ـﻂ‬

‫ﻁ‬

‫‪900‬‬

‫‪ẓāʾ‬‬

‫‪ẓ‬‬

‫ﻇـ‬

‫ـﻈـ‬

‫ـﻆ‬

‫ﻅ‬

‫‪70‬‬

‫‪ʿayn‬‬

‫‪ʿ‬‬

‫ﻋـ‬

‫ـﻌـ‬

‫ـﻊ‬

‫ﻉ‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪ghayn‬‬

‫‪gh‬‬

‫‪80‬‬

‫‪fāʾ‬‬

‫‪f‬‬

‫ﻏـ‬ ‫ﻓـ‬

‫ـﻐـ‬ ‫ـﻔـ‬

‫ـﻎ‬ ‫ـﻒ‬

‫ﻍ‬ ‫ﻑ‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪qāf‬‬

‫‪q‬‬

‫ﻗـ‬

‫ـﻘـ‬

‫ـﻖ‬

‫ﻕ‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪kāf‬‬

‫‪k‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪lām‬‬

‫‪l‬‬

‫ﻛـ‬ ‫ﻟـ‬

‫ـﻜـ‬ ‫ـﻠـ‬

‫ـﻚ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬

‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﻝ‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫‪mīm‬‬

‫‪m‬‬

‫ﻣـ‬

‫ـﻤـ‬

‫ـﻢ‬

‫ﻡ‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫‪nūn‬‬

‫‪n‬‬

‫ﻧـ‬

‫ـﻨـ‬

‫ـﻦ‬

‫ﻥ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪tāʾ / hāʾ/ta‬‬ ‫‪marbūṭah‬‬

‫ﻫـ‬

‫ـﻬـ‬

‫ـﻪ‪ /‬ـﺔ‬

‫ﻩ‪/‬ﺓ‬

‫***‪h / t /‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪wāw‬‬

‫‪w/ū‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـﻮ‬

‫ﻭ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪yāʾ‬‬

‫‪y/ī‬‬

‫ﻳـ‬

‫ـﻴـ‬

‫ـﻲ‬

‫ﻱ‬

‫‪á‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـــ‬

‫ـﻲ‬

‫ﻯ‬

‫‪alif maqṣūrah‬‬

‫ـــ‬

‫‪2‬‬

    

3

h In the name of Allah, the Most-Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

: ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ Know, may Allah have mercy upon you, that we are obligated to learn four matters:

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. ‫ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ . ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ . ‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ . ‫ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ First: Knowledge, which is to possess awareness of Allah, His Prophet, and the religion of Islam based upon evidence. Second: Acting upon this. Third: Calling to it. Fourth: Patiently persevering and enduring the harm encountered upon that way.

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‫( ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬۱) ‫ ﴿ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬: ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫( ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬۲) ‫ﻟﻔﻲ ﺧﺴﺮ‬ [٣–١ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬۳) ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ‬ The proof of this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: “In the name of Allah, the Most-Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy. By the time, Truly, Mankind is in loss, Except those who believe and do righteous deeds, and advise one another with truth, and advise one another with patience.” [Sūrah al-ʿAsr 103: 1-3]

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‫ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ‬: ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ـ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ؛‬:‫ ﺑﺎﺏ‬: ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ـ‬ Ash-Shāfiʿī, may Allah the Exalted have mercy upon him, said: “Had Allah not sent down another proof to His creation besides this chapter of the Qurʾān, it would have been sufficient for them.”

Al-Bukhārī, may Allah the Exalted have mercy upon him, said: “Chapter: Knowledge precedes speech and action.”

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﴾ ‫ ﴿ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﺬﻧﺒﻚ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ . ‫ ﻓﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،[١٩:‫]ﳏﻤﺪ‬ The proof is the saying of Allah the Exalted, “Know that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and seek forgiveness for your sins.” [Sūrah Muḥammad 47:19]. So He began by mentioning knowledge before speech or action.

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،‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬،‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑـﻬﻦ‬ Know, may Allah have mercy upon you, that it is obligatory upon every Muslim male and female, to learn and act upon the following three matters:

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‫ ﻓﻤﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻞ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ‬،‫ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﳘﻼ‬،‫ ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻨﺎ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻨﺎ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‬ ‫( ﻓﻌﺼﻰ‬١٥) ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ‬ .[١٦–١٥ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻞ‬١٦) ‫ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎﻩ ﺃﺧﺬﺍ ﻭﺑﻴﻼ‬ THE FIRST: That Allah created us and provided sustenance for us, and He has not left us without a purpose. Rather, He sent a Messenger to us. So whoever obeys him will enter the Paradise, and whoever disobeys him will enter the Hellfire. The proof of this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:“Indeed, We have sent to you a Messenger, as a witness upon you just as We sent to Pharaoh a Messenger. But Pharaoh disobeyed the Messenger, so We seized him with a severe punishment.” [Sūrah al-Muzzammil 73:15-16]

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10

‫ ﻭﻻ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻘﺮﺏ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﷲ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ‬:‫ﻧﱯ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .[١٨ :‫﴾ ]ﺍﳉﻦ‬ THE SECOND : Allah is not pleased that anyone else should be made to share in His worship; neither an angel brought near, nor any Prophet that was sent. The proof is the Saying of Allah the Exalted, “And the places of worship are for Allah alone, so do not invoke anyone along with Allah.” [Sūrah al-Jinn 72:18]

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11

‫ ﻭﻭﺣﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻻﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻻ ﲡﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬:‫ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺁﺑﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻳﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮ‬‫ﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﲑ‬‫ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷ‬ ﴾ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺤﻮﻥ‬ .[٢٢ :‫ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬‫]ﺍ‬ THE THIRD: That whoever is obedient to the Messenger and directs all of his worship to Allah alone, then it is not permissible for him to show allegiance to those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were from the closest of relatives. The proof of this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:“You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred. They are those for whom Allah has decreed true faith for their hearts, and whom He has aided with guidance and revelation from Him. He will enter them into gardens beneath which rivers will flow, and they will abide therein forever. Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. They are the party of Allah. Indeed the party of Allah are those who are successful." [Sūrah al-Mujādilah 58:22]

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12

‫ ﳐﻠﺼﺎ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬:‫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬،‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﻣﺎ‬:‫ ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬.‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ .[٥٦ :‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﴾ ] ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺭﻳﺎﺕ‬ Know, may Allah direct you towards His obedience, that the true religion is the way of lbrāhīm, which is to sincerely worship Allah alone making the religion solely for Him. This is what Allah has commanded all of the people with, and it was for this reason that He created them. Allah the Exalted, says:“And I (Allah) did not create the spirits (jinn) nor mankind except that they should worship Me.” [Sūrah adh-Dhāriyāt 51:56]

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13

‫ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﻮ‬،‫ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬،‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﻳﻮﺣﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﻮ‬،‫ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻧـﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ .[٣٦ :‫ ﴿ ﻭﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬: ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ The meaning of worship here is to direct all worship to Allah alone. And the greatest of all the things that Allah has commanded is tawḥīd which is to single out Allah with every act of worship. And the gravest and most serious thing that He prohibited is shirk, which is to invoke others besides Him, along with Him. The proof for this is found in His statement: “Worship Allah alone, and do not associate anything in worship along with Him.” [Sūrah an-Nisāʾ 4:36]

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14

‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ؟‬:‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ‬ . ‫ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬،‫ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ‬:‫ﻓﻘﻞ‬ So if it is said to you: What are the three fundamental principles which all of mankind must know? Then say: the servant of Allah must have knowledge of His Lord, and His Religion, and His Prophet Muhammad ().

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15

‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ ﻭﺭﰉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬،‫ ﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺑﺎﱐ‬: ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻚ ؟ ﻓﻘﻞ‬:‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﺑﻨﻌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬،‫ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﱂ‬.[٢ :‫ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ [THE FIRST PRINCIPLE] So if it is said to you: “Who is your Lord?” Then say: “My Lord is Allah, who has nurtured me and all of creation with His favors and blessings, He is the one whom I worship, and there is none that I worship besides Him.” The proof for this is the Saying of Allah the Exalted: “All praise is for Allah, the Lord of all creation” [Sūrah al- Fātiḥah 1:1]. Everything besides Allah is created and I am one example of that which has been created.

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16

،‫ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬:‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ‬:‫ ﰈ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﺑﻚ ؟ ﻓﻘﻞ‬:‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬:‫ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ .[٣٧ :‫ﺧﻠﻘﻬﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﴾ ]ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‬ So if it is said to you: “How do you recognize your Lord?” Then say: “Through His signs and His creation. From his signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon; and from that which He has created are the seven heavens, and the seven earths, and everything within them and whatever is between them.” The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“And from His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun, nor to the moon; but prostrate to Allah who created them both, if you truly worship Him” [Sūrah Fuṣṣilat 41:37]

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17

‫ ﴿ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬:‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﻳﻐﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺣﺜﻴﺜﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ﴾ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺨﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻻ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ .[٥٤ :‫]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‬ And likewise His statement: “Your Lord is Allah who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then ascended upon the Throne. He causes the night to cover the day which it follows with haste; and the sun, the moon, and the stars are subservient and subject to His command. Certainly the creation and command are for Him alone. Exalted is Allah the Lord of creation.” [Sūrah alAʿrāf 7:54]

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18

‫ ﴿ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬٢١) ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﺘﻘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﺷﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺂﺀ ﺑﻨﺂﺀ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺂﺀ ﻣﺂﺀ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺯﻗﺎ‬ .[٢٢–٢١ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬٢٢) ‫ﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﻼ ﲡﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﷲ ﺃﻧﺪﺍﺩﺍ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬ The Lord is the one who is worshipped. and the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “O mankind, worship your Lord who created you and everyone who preceded you, such that you might develop taqwá. He is the one who has made the earth a place of comfort for you and made the sky a canopy, and sent down rain from the sky, and with it brought forth vegetation from the earth as provision for you. So do not make others share in Allah’s worship while you know (that none is worthy of worship besides Him).” [Sūrah alBaqarah 2:21-22]

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19

.‫ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬:‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ Ibn Kathīr, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “The creator of all of these things is the one most deserving of worship.”

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20

:‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬:‫ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‬ ،‫ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬.‫ﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‬ .[١٨ :‫ ﴿ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﷲ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﴾ ]ﺍﳉﻦ‬:‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ And from the types of worship that Allah has commanded is: Islam (submission and obedience to Allah), Īmān (Faith which involves belief in the heart, speech of the tongue, and the actions of the limbs), and Iḥsān (perfection of one’s worship); and similarly from (the types of worship) is duʿāʾ (supplication), khawf (reverential fear), rajāʾ (hope and longing), tawakkul (reliance), raghbah (fervent desire), rahbah (dread), khushūʿ (reverence and submissiveness), khashyah (awe), inābah (repentance), istiʿānah (appealing for aid and assistance), istiʿādhah (seeking refuge), istighāthah (seeking deliverance and safety), dhabḥ (sacrificing or slaughtering), nadhr (vowing) and other than that from the types of worship commanded by Allah which are to be done performed for only Allah the Exalted. The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And the places of prayer are for Allah alone, so do not invoke anyone along with Allah” [Sūrah al-Jinn 72:18].

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21

:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫﴿ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻣﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳍﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻻ ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ .[١١٧ :‫ﻳﻔﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﴾ ]ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬ So whoever directs any part of their worship to other than Allah, then this person is polytheistic disbeliever. And the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And whoever invokes along with Allah another object of worship while there is no proof for this; then indeed his reckoning will be with his Lord. Indeed the disbelievers will never prosper.” [Sūrah al-Muʾminūn 23:117].

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬.« ‫ » ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬:‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﻮﱐ ﺃﺳﺘﺠﺐ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﱪﻭﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﰐ ﺳﻴﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬ .[٦٠ :‫ﺩﺍﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﴾ ]ﻏﺎﻓﺮ‬ And in the Prophetic Ḥadīth we read: “Invocation is the essence (literally the brain) of worship.” And the proof of this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And your Lord says: Call upon Me; I will answer you. Indeed those who are too proud to worship Me will enter the Hellfire in disgrace" [Sūrah Ghāfir 40:60].

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﴾ ‫ ﴿ ﻓﻼ ﲣﺎﻓﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺧﺎﻓﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‬ .[١٧٥ :‫]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ The evidence for khawf (reverential fear) is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“So do not fear them, but fear Me; if you are truly Believers.” [Sūrah Āl-ʿImrān 3:175].

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‫ ﴿ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺻﺎﳊﺎ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ‬ .[١١٠ :‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻒ‬ The evidence for rajāʾ (hope and longing) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “So whoever hopes to meet His Lord then let him perform righteous acts of worship; and let him not direct any of his Lord’s worship to anyone beside Him.” [Sūrah al-Kahf 18:110].

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﴾ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺘﻮﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬ .[۳ :‫ ﴿ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺴﺒﻪ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬:‫ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬.[٢٣ :‫]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ The evidence for tawakkul (reliance) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And upon Allah you should rely if you are true Believers.” [Sūrah al-Māʾidah 5:23] and His statement: “And whoever relies upon Allah then He will suffice him” [Sūrah al-Ṭalāq 65:3].

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‫ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻋﻮﻥ ﰲ‬‫ ﴿ ﺇ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬ .[٩٠ :‫ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺭﻏﺒﺎ ﻭﺭﻫﺒﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﲔ ﴾ ]ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ The evidence for raghbah (fervent desire), rahbah (dread) and, khushūʿ (reverence and submissiveness) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “They used to hasten towards acts of goodness and call upon Allah with desire, fear, and while maintaining reverence and submissiveness before Us (i.e. Allah).” [Sūrah alAnbiyāʾ 21:90].

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:‫ ﴿ ﻓﻼ ﲣﺸﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺧﺸﻮﱐ ﴾ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ‬ .[١٥٠ The evidence for khashyah (awe) is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“So do not be awed by them, but have awe of Me.” [Sūrah al-Baqarah 2:150].

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:‫ ﴿ ﻭﺃﻧﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﴾ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺑﺔ‬ .[٥٤ The evidence for inābah (repentance) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “So repent to your Lord and submit yourselves to Him.” [Sūrah az-Zumar 39:54].

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.[٥ :‫ ﴿ ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ .« ‫ » ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ‬:‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ The evidence for istiʿānah (appealing for aid and assistance) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “You alone we worship, and to You alone we appeal for aid and assistance.” [Sūrah al-Fātiḥah 1:5] and in the Prophetic Ḥadīth we read: "If you seek assistance, then seek the assistance of Allah." [Narrated by Aḥmed and at-Tirmidhī and declared Ṣaḥīḥ by Shaykh al-Albānī in Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ (#5302) and Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿaṣ-Ṣaghīr wa Ziyādah (#7957)]

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‫ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬.[١ :‫ ﴿ ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ‬ .[١ :‫ ﴿ ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬:‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ The evidence for istiʿādhah (seeking refuge is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the dawn.” [Sūrah al-Falaq 113:1] and: “Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind.” [Sūrah an-Nās 114:1].

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‫ ﴿ ﺇﺫ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﻮﻥ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻟﻜﻢ ﴾ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬: ‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ‬ .[٩ :‫]ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‬ The evidence for istighāthah (seeking deliverance and safety) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “When you sought aid and deliverance of your Lord and He responded to you.” [Sūrah al-Anfāl 8:9].

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‫ ﴿ ﻗﻞ ﺇﻧﲏ ﻫﺪﺍﱐ ﺭﰊ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺮﺍﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‬ ‫( ﻗﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺻﻼﰐ‬١٦١) ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ‬١٦٢) ‫ﻭﻧﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﳏﻴﺎﻱ ﻭﳑﺎﰐ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫ » ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ‬:‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬.[١٦۳–١٦١ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‬١٦٣) ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ .« ‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ‬ The evidence for dhabḥ (sacrificing or slaughtering) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Say indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life, and my death is for Allah the Lord of creation, none besides Him. And with this I have been commanded and I am the first of those who submit (the Muslims).” [Sūrah alAnʿām 6:162-163]. And we find in the Prophetic Sunnah: “Allah has cursed the one who sacrifices for other than Allah.” [Reported by Muslim]

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‫ ﴿ ﻳﻮﻓﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﳜﺎﻓﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﲑﺍ‬: ‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‬ .[٧ :‫﴾ ]ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ The evidence for nadhr (vowing) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “They fulfill their vows and they fear a day whose evil is widespread.” [Sūrah alInsān 76:7].

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‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬- ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬:‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ‬. ‫ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬،‫ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ‬ . ‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ‬ [THE SECOND PRINCIPLE - KNOWLEDGE OF THE RELIGION OF ISLAM WITH ITS EVIDENCES.] It is to submit to Allah with tawḥīd, and to subjugate one’s self to Him through obedience, and to disassociate one’s self from shirk and its people. And this involves three levels: Islam, Īmān, and Iḥsān. Each level consists of its own pillars.

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‫ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ‬:‫ ﻓﺄﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲬﺴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ‬،‫ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‬،‫ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬،‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ .‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‬ [THE FIRST LEVEL] The pillars of Islam are five: Theshahādah (testification that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah); the establishment of the Prayer; the payment of zakāh; the fasting of Ramaḍān; and the performance of the Ḥajj pilgrimage to the sacred House of Allah.

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‫ ﴿ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻮﺍ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻓﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ .[١٨ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺂﺋﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻂ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﴾ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ So the evidence for the shahādah (testification of faith) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Allah bears witness that none has the right to be worshipped but Him; and so too do the angels and people of knowledge who establish the levels of justice. There is no deity except for Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” [Sūrah Āl-ʿImrān 3:18].

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‫ ﻭﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ?ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ? ﻧﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﲝﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬:‫ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ?ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ? ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬ .‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‬ The meaning of the shahādah (testification of faith) is that nothing that is worshipped is rightfully deserving of worship except for Allah. (lā ilāhah) - Nothing is deserving of worship besides Allah is a phrase that negates everything that is worshipped besides Allah. (illa Allah) - Except Allah affirms that worship is for Allah alone, and that no one should be given any share of His worship just as there is no one to share His Dominion and Sovereignty.

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38

‫ ﴿ ﻭﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺇﻧﲏ‬:‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫( ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬٢٧) ‫( ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻄﺮﱐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻬﺪﻳﻦ‬٢٦) ‫ﺑﺮﺁﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ‬ .[٢٨–٢٦ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻑ‬٢٨) ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ‬ The explanation which clarifies this is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“And remember when Ibrāhīm said to his father and his people: I am completely free from everything that you worship except for the one who created me for He is the one who will guide me. And He made this saying, that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, to continue amongst Ibrāhīm’s progeny, such that they might remember and return to their Lord.” [Sūrah az-Zukhruf 43:2628].

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‫ ﴿ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻻ‬:‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ .[٦٤ :‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺄﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﴾ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ And His statement: “Say O People of the Book, come to a word of agreement between us, that we will not worship anything but Allah, and that we will not make anything to share in His worship, and that we will not allow a party from amongst us to take one another as Lords besides Allah. But if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have submitted to Allah).” [Sūrah Āl-ʿlmrān 3:64].

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40

‫ ﴿ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺂﺀﻛﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ﴾ ‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺘﻢ ﺣﺮﻳﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺭﺣﻴﻢ‬ .[١٢٨ :‫]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ The proof for the testification that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Indeed there has come to you a Messenger from amongst yourselves. It disturbs him that you should suffer. He is eager that you be guided; full of compassion and mercy for the Believers.” [Sūrah atTawbah 9:128].

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،‫ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ‬،‫ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ‬:‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ .‫ﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺯﺟﺮ ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ‬ The meaning of the testification that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah involves obedience to him in whatever he has commanded; belief in what he has informed us of, avoiding whatever he forbade and prohibited, and that Allah should only be worshipped in the manner that he prescribed.

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‬،‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﳐﻠﺼﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﻨﻔﺂﺀ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻳﺆﺗﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ .[٥ :‫ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ The evidence for the Ṣalāh (Prayer), the Zakāh (Obligatory Charity), and the explanation of tawḥīd is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And they were not commanded except to worship Allah alone, sincerely making their worship purely for Him; and that they establish the Ṣalāh, and offer the Zakāh. And that is the straightforward Religion.” [Sūrah al-Bayyinah 98:5].

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‫ ﴿ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ .[١٨٣ :‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﺘﻘﻮﻥ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬ The evidence for Ṣiyām (Fasting) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “O you who believe Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those who preceded you, so that you may attain taqwá.” [Sūrah al-Baqarah 2:183].

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ‬ .[٩٧ :‫ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻏﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﴾ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ The evidence for Ḥajj is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “And the right of Allah upon the people is that they perform the Ḥajj (pilgrimage) to His house – whoever from amongst them is able to do so; and whoever disbelieves, then indeed Allah is free of need from the creation.” [Sūrah Āl-ʿlmrān 3:97].

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‫ ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﺄﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬،‫ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ . ‫ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ [THE SECOND LEVEL] Īmān (faith) consists of approximately seventy odd branches; the highest of them is the saying lā ilāhah illa Allah (nothing has the right to be worshipped except Allah) and the lowest of them is removing something harmful from the path, and a sense of ḥayāʾ (shyness) is a branch of Īmān.

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،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬،‫ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ‬:‫ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ‬ .‫ﻭﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ‬ The pillars of Īmān are six: Belief in Allah; His angels; His Books; His Messengers; the Last Day; and belief in Allah’s Qadar (divine pre-ordainment) both the good of it as well its perceived evil.

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‫ ﴿ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﱪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺍ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ .[١٧٧ :‫ﻭﺍﳌﻶﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬ The proof for these six pillars is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “It is not righteousness that you turn your faces to the east or the west, but rather righteousness is exemplified by the one who truly believes in Allah, the Last Day, the Angels, the Books, and the Prophets.” [Sūrah al-Baqarah 2:177]

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.[٤٩ :‫ ﴿ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬: ‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ The proof for Qadar (divine pre-ordainment) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Certainly, everything has been created in accordance with Our decree.” [Sūrah al-Qamar 54:49]

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‫ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‬،‫ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ .‫ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ‬ [THE THIRD LEVEL] is Iḥsān which consist of a single pillar which is that you worship Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, He most certainly sees you.

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﴾ ‫ ﴿ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﳏﺴﻨﻮﻥ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬٢١٧) ‫ ﴿ ﻭﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬:‫ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬.[١٢٨ :‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬ ‫( ﺇﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ‬٢١٩) ‫( ﻭﺗﻘﻠﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺟﺪﻳﻦ‬٢١٨) ‫ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ‬:‫ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬.[٢٢٠–٢١٧ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‬٢٢٠) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻠﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺷﻬﻮﺩﺍ ﺇﺫ‬ .[٦١ :‫ﺗﻔﻴﻀﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﴾ ]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬ The proof is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Indeed Allah is with those who fear Him and keep away from what He has forbidden, and those are the people of Iḥsān.” [Sūrah an-Naḥl 16:128] and His statement: “And place your reliance upon the All-Mighty Bestower of Mercy. The One who sees you when you stand, and your movements along with those who follow you in the Prayer; Indeed He is All-Hearing, Ever-Knowledgeable.” [Sūrah ash-Shūrá 26:217-220] and His statement: “You are not involved in any matter (O Muhammad), nor do you recite the Book of Allah, nor do you perform an action except that We are witnessing your deeds as you do them.” [Sūrah Yoonus 10:61]

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‫ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ‬:‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ » ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳓﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ‬:‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ‬،‫ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬،‫ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‬،‫ﺇﺫ ﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ ﻳﺎ‬: ‫ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﻔﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‬،‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﻓﺄﺳﻨﺪ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‬ .‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ The proof from the Sunnah is the famous Ḥadīth of Jibrāʾīl, which is narrated upon the authority of ʿUmar () who said: “Whilst we were sitting in the presence of the Messenger of Allah () a man appeared before us with very white clothing and very black hair. No signs of travel could be seen from him, nor did any of us know him. Then he approached the Prophet () and sat down placing his knees against the knees of the Prophet () and placed the palms of his hands upon his thighs and said: O Muḥammad, tell me about Islam.

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،‫ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬:‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ :‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﻭﲢﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‬،‫ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺗﺆﰐ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‬ .‫ ﻓﻌﺠﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻗﻪ‬. ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺖ‬ So Allah's Messenger () responded: Islam means that you bear witness that nothing has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah; and that you establish the Prayer, pay the Zakāh, fast Ramaḍān, and perform the Ḥajj (pilgrimage) to the house if you are able to do so. He said: You have spoken the truth.. We were amazed by this since he first asked a question and then confirmed the correctness of its answer.

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،‫ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬:‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬. ‫ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﻭﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﻩ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ .‫ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬ He then said: Now inform me about Īmān. The Messenger of Allah () then replied: Īmān involves true belief in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and belief in Qadar (divine pre-ordainment) both the good of it as well its evil. He said (once again): You have spoken the truth. He then said: Now inform me about Iḥsān. The Messenger of Allah () then replied: Īmān is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, He most certainly sees you.

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:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺓ‬،‫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺭﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ ﻳﺎ‬: ‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻓﻠﺒﺜﻨﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﻤﻀﻰ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺃﺗﺎﻛﻢ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬:‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ؟ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ « .‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ‬ He then said: Now inform me of the (Last) Hour. The Messenger of Allah () then said: The one who is asked about it knows no better than the one who is asking. He said: Then tell me about its signs. The Messenger of Allah () then replied: The slave-girl will give birth to her mistress, and you will see the barefooted, unclothed, and destitute shepherds competing in the construction of large buildings. He (ʿUmar) said: Then he left, and we remained for some time. Then he () asked: O ʿUmar, do you know who the questioner was? I replied: "Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: "That was Jibrīl, he came to you to teach you your Religion.” [Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim]

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‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬- ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ،‫ ﻭﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬،‫ ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬،‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ‬،‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬،‫ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ .‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬ [THE THIRD PRINCIPLE - KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR PROPHET MUḤAMMAD ()] He was Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullaah ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim; and Hāshim was from (the tribe of) Quraysh. The Quraysh were from the Arabs; and the Arabs have descended from Ismāʿīl, the son of Ibrāhīm the khalīl (beloved) - may the most excellent blessings and peace be upon him and upon our Prophet. He lived for sixty-three years. Forty years of those years preceded his prophethood, and twenty-three of his years were spent as a Prophet and Messenger.

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‫ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ‬.‫ ﻭﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﺔ‬،( ‫ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺑـ) ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ‬،( ‫ﻧﺒﺊ ﺑـ) ﺍﻗﺮﺃ‬ .‫ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬ His prophethood was established with (iqra) [i.e. the beginning of Sūrah al-ʿAlaq] and his station as a Messenger was established with [Sūrah] (Muddathir). His land of origin was Makkah but he later migrated to Medīnah. Allah sent him to warn against shirk and to call to tawḥīd.

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(٣) ‫( ﻭﺭﺑﻚ ﻓﻜﱪ‬٢) ‫( ﻗﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺬﺭ‬۱) ‫ ﴿ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫( ﻭﻟﺮﺑﻚ‬٦) ‫( ﻭﻻ ﲤﻨﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺜﺮ‬٥) ‫( ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ ﻓﺎﻫﺠﺮ‬٤) ‫ﻭﺛﻴﺎﺑﻚ ﻓﻄﻬﺮ‬ .[٧–١ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ‬٧) ‫ﻓﺎﺻﱪ‬ The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“O you (the one who is) wrapped in garments! Arise and warn; venerate and worship your Lord, and purify yourself; shun idolatry; and do not give anything in order to receive something else in return; and patiently persevere for the sake of your Lord.” [Sūrah al-Mudathir 74:1-7].

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﺭﺑﻚ‬. ‫ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﴿ ﻗﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺬﺭ ﴾ ﻳﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬:‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ ﻃﻬﺮ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ‬:‫ ﴿ ﻭﺛﻴﺎﺑﻚ ﻓﻄﻬﺮ ﴾ ﺃﻱ‬.‫ ﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬:‫ﻓﻜﱪ ﴾ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﺠﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ‬:‫ ﴿ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ ﻓﺎﻫﺠﺮ ﴾ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬ .‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ The meaning of “Arise and warn” is that he was to warn against shirk and to call to tawḥīd. “Venerate and worship your Lord” means to honor and venerate Him with tawḥīd. “Purify yourself” means to purify your actions from shirk. In the phrase “Shun the idols” the word (ar-rujz) means the idols, and the abandonment of them means to shun them, and disassociate one’s self from them and their people.

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‫ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻋﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ‬،‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ‬،‫ ﻭﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ .‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ He carried out this responsibility for ten years, calling to tawḥīd. After ten years he was ascended unto the heavens. The five Prayers were then obligated upon him. He prayed in Makkah for three years before being commanded to migrate to Medīnah.

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‫ ﻭﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬.‫ﻭﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ .‫ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ Hijrah is an obligation upon members of this nation; to migrate from the lands of shirk to the lands of Islam. Hijrah from the land of shirk to the land of Islam is an institution that will continue until the establishment of the Hour.

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‫ ﴿ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻶﺋﻜﺔ ﻇﺎﳌﻲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻢ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫( ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ‬٩٧) ‫ﻓﺘﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻣﺄﻭﺍﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﺳﺂﺀﺕ ﻣﺼﲑﺍ‬ (٩٨ ) ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺂﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺘﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‬ :‫( ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬٩٩) ‫ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻔﻮﺍ ﻏﻔﻮﺭﺍ‬ .[٩٩–٩٧ The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “As for those souls whom the angels take in a state of having oppressed themselves, then the angels will ask them: Where did you reside? They will say: We lived in a state of weakness. They (the Angels) will reply: Wasn’t Allah's earth spacious enough that you could have migrated from your lands? So those people will find that their abode is the Hellfire, and what an evil destination that is. Except for the weak ones from the men, women and children who were unable to migrate or find a means to do so. As for them, perhaps Allah will pardon them. And Allah is Ever-Pardoning and Forgiving.” [Sūrah an-Nisāʾ 4:97-99].

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﴾ ‫ ﴿ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﺈﻳﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪﻭﻥ‬:‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬:‫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ـ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ـ‬.[٥٦ :‫]ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ‬ .‫ ﻧﺎﺩﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ‬ Also the statement of Allah the Exalted: “O My servants who believe, indeed My earth is spacious, so flee to Me with your worship.” [Sūrah al-ʿAnkabūt 29:56]. Al-Baghawī (P) said: “This verse was revealed regarding the Muslims who were in Makkah and were unable to migrate; Allah addressed them with the mention of their Īmān.”

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‫ » ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬:‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ .« ‫ﻣﻐﺮﺏﻩ‬ The proof for the hijrah from the Sunnah is the Prophet’s () statement: “Hijrah will not be discontinued until repentance is no longer accepted, and repentance will no longer be accepted when the sun rises from its place of setting.” [Ṣaḥīḥ alJāmiʿaṣ-Ṣaghīr wa Ziyādah (#7469)]

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،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‬:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﳊﺞ‬ ‫ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬،‫ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ So when he () settled in Medīnah he ordered the rest of the prescribed duties of Islam, like the Zakāh, Fasting, Ḥajj, Jihād, the Adhān, and commanding good and forbidding evil, and other than that from the legislation of Islam. He spent ten years establishing this, after which he passed away, may Allah extol him and send blessings of peace upon him.

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،‫ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺬﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‬.‫ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻕ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬،‫ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ‬،‫ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺄﺑﺎﻩ‬،‫ﺣﺬﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻠﲔ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .[١٥٨ :‫ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﴾ ]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‬ And his Religion remains; this is his religion. There is no good except that he guided his nation to it, and no evil except that he warned them against it.So the good that he called them to was tawḥīd and everything that Allah loves and is pleased with; and the evil that he warned against is shirk and everything that Allah hates and rejects. Allah sent him as a Messenger to all of the people, and Allah made it obligatory upon all of the creation both the jinn (spirits) and mankind to obey him. The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Say (Muhammad): O people I am the Messenger of Allah to you all.” S [ ūrah al-Aʿrāf 7:158].

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‫ ﴿ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ‬:‫ﻭﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .[٣ :‫ﻭﺃﲤﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻧﻌﻤﱵ ﻭﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﴾ ]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ Through him Allah completed the Religion, and the proof is the Saying of Allah, the Most High, “This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and chosen for you Islam as your religion.” [Sūrah al-Māʾidah 5:3].

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‫ ﴿ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻣﻴﺖ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ﴾ (۳١) ‫( ﰒ ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﲣﺘﺼﻤﻮﻥ‬۳٠) ‫ﻢ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺇ‬ .[۳١–۳٠ :‫]ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ The proof that he () died is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Certainly, (O Muhammad) you will soon die, and your people will also die. Then all of you, on the Day of Resurrection, will await their judgments.” [Sūrah az-Zumar 39:30-31].

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‫ ﴿ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﻥ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﻭﺍﷲ‬:‫ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬.[٥٥ : ‫ﻧﻌﻴﺪﻛﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳔﺮﺟﻜﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﴾ ]ﻃﻪ‬ ﴾ (١٨) ‫( ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻜﻢ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﺎ‬١٧) ‫ﺃﻧﺒﺘﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎ‬ .[١٨–١٧ :‫]ﻧﻮﺡ‬ After death the people will be resurrected, and the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “From it We created you (O mankind), and to it We shall return you, and from it We shall raise you to life again.” [Sūrah Ṭa Ha 20:55]. And similarly His statement: “And Allah created you from the dust of the earth, then He will cause you to return to being dust within the earth and then ultimately bring you forth and restore you to life.” [Sūrah Nūḥ 71:17-18].

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﷲ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﳏﺎﺳﺒﻮﻥ ﻭﳎﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻴﺠﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﺅﻭﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﳚﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ .[۳١ :‫ﺃﺣﺴﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﲎ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬ After the Resurrection the people will be brought to account and rewarded or punished according to their actions. The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “That He may requite those who did evil and disobeyed Him according to their actions; and that He may reward those who did good and with good.” [Sūrah an-Najm 53:31].

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‫ ﴿ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻦ‬:‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬،‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ﴾ ‫ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﻗﻞ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﰊ ﻟﺘﺒﻌﺜﻦ ﰒ ﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﺘﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﲑ‬ .[٧ :‫]ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﺑﻦ‬ Furthermore, whoever denies the Resurrection is a disbeliever and the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Those who disbelieve have claimed that they will never be resurrected. Say to them: Yes, by my Lord, you will surely be resurrected; then you will surely be informed of what you did. And that is easy for Allah.” [Sūrah at-Taghābun 64:7].

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‫ ﴿ ﺭﺳﻼ‬:‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻨﺬﺭﻳﻦ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ :‫ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻨﺬﺭﻳﻦ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ .[١٦٥ Allah sent all of the Messengers as bearers of glad tidings and warners and the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“Messengers; delivering glad tidings and warnings so that mankind will have no argument before Allah after the messengers.” [Sūrah an-Nisāʾ 4:165].

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‫ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ ﻭﻫﻮ‬،‫ﻭﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ ﴿ ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﺣﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .[١٦٣ :‫ﺃﻭﺣﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ The first of them was Nūḥ (5) and the last of them was Muḥammad (). The proof that the first of them was Nūḥ (5) is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “Indeed, We have revealed to you, (O Muhammad), just as We have revealed to Nūḥ and the prophets after him.” [Sūrah an-Nisāʾ 4:163].

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‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻤﺪ ـ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ـ‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ؛‬،‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬ Allah sent a Messenger to every nation, from Nūḥ until Muḥammad, commanding their people to worship Allah alone, and forbidding them from the worship of ṭāghūt. [i.e. everything that is worshipped besides Allah]

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‫ ﴿ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮﺍ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .[٣٦ :‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬ And the proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted:“And certainly We have sent to every nation a messenger, [declaring], Worship Allaah alone and avoid the ṭāghūt.” [Sūrah an-Naḥl 16:36].

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‫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬. ‫ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻉ‬:‫ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ .‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻉ‬ Allah made it obligatory upon all of the servants to disbelieve inṭāghūt, and to believe in Allah. Ibn al-Qayyim, (P) said: “The ṭāghūt is anything regarding which the servant exceeds beyond its due boundaries, whether it is something worshipped, or someone obeyed, or followed.”

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،‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺽ‬،‫ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻏﻴﺖ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ﻭﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ‬،‫ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ‬،‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ؛‬ The manifestations of ṭāghūt are many, but their heads are five: 1. Iblīs - may the curse of Allah be upon him. 2. Whoever is worshipped and is pleased with being worshipped. 3. Whoever calls the people to the worship of himself. 4. Whoever claims to possess any type knowledge of the affairs of the hidden and unseen. 5. Whoever judges by other than what Allah has revealed.

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‫ ﴿ ﻻ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻲ ﻓﻤﻦ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻘﻰ ﻻ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻡ ﳍﺎ‬ .‫ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬.[٢٥٦ :‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﲰﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻢ ﴾ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬ The proof for this is the statement of Allah the Exalted: “There is no compulsion in the religion, true guidance has been made distinct from falsehood. So whoever disbelieves in the ṭāghūt and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearing, AllKnowing.” [Sūrah al-Baqarah 2:256] and this is the meaning of lā ilāhah illa Allah (nothing has the right to be worshipped except Allah).

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‫ ﻭﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬،‫ » ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬:‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ .« ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‬ And in the Ḥadīth: “The head of the affair is Islam, and its pillar is the Prayer, and its highest part is Jihād for the sake of Allah.” [Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿaṣ-Ṣaghīr wa Ziyādah (#5136)]

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.‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ؛ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ And Allah knows best. And may prayers of peace and blessings of Allah be upon Muḥammad, his family and his Companions.

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