297 Ethnographic Report Final Draft

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Ethnographic Research Report: What It Means to be a Successful Fiction/Non-fiction Writer Introduction: Our research project studied UMD Professor Danuta Hinc to learn what motivates a writer to make a compelling story and what kind of techniques writers use in order to engage in and encourage successful fiction/non-fiction writing. We conducted an in-home interview with our research subject and learned about the mechanical and creative processes behind fiction/nonfiction writing. We analyzed the information we gathered using Chapter 15 of Solving Problems in Technical Communication, where we used the heuristics given to organize our data into different categories. We studied the amount and quality of writing that is entailed and expected as a fiction/non-fiction writer, genres and rhetorical strategies, approaches to and processes for writing, knowledge and skills required, and the personal traits and qualities a writer may possess. Examining these heuristics will give a powerful insight into the world of fiction/non-fiction writing through the perspective of Professor Hinc. We also hope that by focusing on the following heuristics, we will be able to gain insight on what it means to be a successful writer. We will go into detail on the research location and subject, the data collection methods used in our research, the results of our research, and conclude what there is to take away from our research on fiction/non-fiction writing. Research Location & Subject: Our research subject is Professor Danuta Hinc, who works in the English department at the University of Maryland, where she teaches professional writing courses. Professor Hinc originally comes from Poland, where she got her first Master’s in Philology and fell in love with the English language. After she came to the United States, she became a professor at the University of Maryland. Two years ago, she obtained her second Master’s of Fine Arts degree from Bennington College. Professor Hinc also writes short stories and essays for various writing platforms including the Literary Hub, a website that claims to be, “the source for all news, ideas and richness of contemporary literary life.” Hinc mostly writes literary fiction, along with her teaching career. While attending Bennington College, she produced some non-fiction work as well, especially during the controversial 2016 presidential election, where she wrote an essay on Trump. In 2011, Professor Hinc published her first fictitious novel, To Kill the Other. This book takes place twenty years before the terrorist attack on September 11th, and focuses on the spiritual transformation of a young, affluent, Egyptian boy to a ruthless killer. Professor Hinc did three years of extensive research before completing the book, which included emailing with several people in the middle east to ensure that she made her novel as accurate as possible.

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Professor Hinc, while primarily writing fiction, has a certain interest in non-fiction editorial writing. She mentioned during our meeting that she has lately become more interested in non-fiction essays. Along with her longer fiction novels and short stories, she has also written some essays that have been published in The Muse, Litteraria, and the Word Riot. These essays, while titled as “non-fiction” are not that different from the writing she is used to. She writes in order to understand the world better, and whether that is in fiction or non-fiction, one can see her commitment to research and learning in both. We conducted the face-to-face interview in Professor Hinc’s home located in Ellicott City, as we wanted to observe her in her natural writing environment. Her office was located on the top floor of her home, and featured a beautiful window with a view of the forest in her backyard. Her office was small, but very organized, and filled with books. Data Collection Methods: As we conducted the in-home interview with Professor Hinc, each of us were assigned a different method of collecting data. One person recorded the entire interview on a recording application that is automatically installed within every iPhone while another person recorded important bits of the dialogue into their notebook, and two other people recorded data into their computer. We all participated in a friendly, flowing conversation of Professor Hinc’s passion for fiction/non-fiction writing. We all agreed on certain questions to pose during the interview via Google Docs so that we could keep the conversation flowing as well as answer any necessary questions about the process of fiction/non-fiction writing that guide our research. Questions used to guide interview: -How long did it take you to write your first book, “To Kill the Other”? -What was the process involved in writing this book and how much of it was research vs. actual writing? -Did you have to interview or contact any additional sources to write your book? -How much of your writing process involved the Tate publishing company that helped publish your first book? -Did you ever consider self-publishing? -What are the steps throughout the process of writing: do you establish purpose first? Audience? -How aware did you have to be of your own writing voice and how much did it shape or influence the way you wrote your book? -Do you like constraints or guidelines on your writing or do you enjoy freedom in unthemed writing? -Any advice for upcoming, prospective fiction writers? The interview started at 6:30 pm and went on until 8:30 pm. This interview also served as a primary point for our research. The results we gathered for this report developed from our

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observations of Professor Hinc’s work space (her home), works she has published, and the information gained from our interview. Due to some of the difficulty we had finding and contacting an informant, we feel as though we were extremely lucky to get into contact with Professor Hinc. She gave us a lot of great insight into the field of fiction/non-fiction writing, and what follows is a set of findings based on three of the heuristics mentioned in Chapter 15 of Solving Problems in Technical Communication. Results: Genres and Rhetorical Strategies The field of technical writing encompasses various types of interests, styles and forms, which ultimately are reflected in the body of work that a technical writer produces. Covering all the different types of technical writing is difficult when considering how broad the field is, and how many different professional writers work to define their own specific brand of writing. One of the main distinctions we were interested in our research was the differences and similarities between fiction and non-fiction writing and reporting. While seemingly two very different genres, we found that the two are actually a lot more related than one may think. While interviewing Professor Hinc in her home/work space, our questions about the distinctions between fiction and non-fiction were challenged in a way that reversed our preconceptions of the writing styles. While attempting to gain a concrete definition of what fiction is compared to non-fiction, this series of questions and comments spurred from Professor Hinc’s interpretation of our question. This is one point of our interview that was particularly interesting in that is worked to break down the barrier between the two genres of writing. The conversation went as follows: Mary: “What is the difference between fiction and non-fiction? Hinc: “I think i am predominantly a fiction writer, who also writes non-fiction...I think fiction writing is seeing connections in the world that other people don’t see, or are not obvious. I see stories and I always have stories.” Kaitlyn: “Do you find that as a writer you kind of view events in a different way… do you watch the world differently in any way?” Hinc: “I am very much interested in people… in history, and questions about why people are the way they are and what influences them... I am interested in understanding.” Kaitlyn: “Do you find that your books are kind of like a lense? Do you write them in order to understand?” Hinc: “Yes I think this is a good observation, because I think I also write stories to understand more about myself. Writing helps me make sense of the world around me.” Mattie: “Yeah, because I think a lot of people think there is this clear distinction between fiction and non-fiction, where non-fiction is more analytical and historical, while fiction

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is more interpretive and artistic. But do you feel like you can apply all of these qualities to both?” Hinc: “You know, there is an author whose name is Karl Ove Knausgaard, who writes fiction, but it’s actually exactly his life. He admits that it is about his life.” Mary: “What makes it fiction?” Hinc: “Because he says it’s fiction. He believes that he is expanding the meaning of a novel, which means that his life is a story. ‘I am writing it, and I will call it a novel.’” Mary: “But it's not an autobiography?” Hinc: “But it's not an autobiography. I’ll tell you, he differs from an autobiography...although it depends on how you write it, it is not chronological, not everything is there, what is there is what he wants to write about. But if you didn't know that that is his life, you would think that this is a novel written in first person and it is a novel. And this is all true. Then there is another writer, Elena Ferrante, who writes as if she is writing about her life, but it's all fiction. And Elena Ferrante is not even her real name.” Chapter 15 of Solving Problems in Technical Communication states that “Technical communicators need, in essence, to know how versatile and flexible they will need to be, both in regards to the kinds of documents they will be asked to write and in regards to the rhetorical strategies they will need” (Johnson-Eilola, 369). The style in which a person writes all depends upon their own understanding of what their text is and how it relates to the wider scope of writing that already exists. Professor Hinc mentions some examples of writers who question the definition of fiction and non-fiction writing, and this helped us to understand the creative and ever changing nature of writing genres. In order to create a successful text, one needs to be able to adhere to their own brand of either fiction or non-fiction writing. While we primarily focused on genre, as opposed to rhetorical situation, we found that this discussion shed a lot of light on how a writer's intention can determine his or her rhetorical situation. In other words, by personally defining one's own work as either fiction or non-fiction, that writer is therefore able to create a text that gains its significance and purpose from its authorial intent. Writers like Karl Ove Knausgaard and Elena Ferrante are successful writers due to their ability to control the genre they write in and create meaning from that definition of genre. Approaches to and Processes For Writing Most of Professor Hinc’s writing is based off of historical and personal events. For example, her stories may be inspired by real events like 9/11, which was the historical context for her novel, To Kill The Other. She is also inspired by her personal life, which is the case for her current novel that she is working on about her grandfather's experience during World War II called Angels in the Forest. Both of these, while fictional, still require a large amount of research in order to tell her story as accurately and realistic as possible.

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We found that for Professor Hinc’s writing, the research process is just as important as the writing process. Before even beginning to write a novel, one must be able to understand whatever culture or subgroup they are hoping to write about. Similar to one doing field research, a fiction/non-fiction writer must be able to be open and willing to discover new cultures, environments, and histories. For Professor Hinc, we found that research is one of the most intensive aspects of fiction writing. She specifically writes in the genre of “historical fiction,” which again seems to blur this line between fiction and non-fiction writing. One interesting thing that Professor Hinc said in regards to her writing process and how she finishes her work is that she simply “cannot explain the process.” During our interview we were interested in how she organizes her writing schedule with her professional career as a college professor. She noted that she is dedicated to her writing and tries to set deadlines for a certain amount of pages per month. For the two novels she is currently writing, she has set page requirement for each month for both texts. Another thing she does in order to aid in her writing process, along with her adherence to a schedule, is a visual outline of the events in the novel. Although she stated that she does not really use an outline in her writing, she did show us one that she has up in her work space. This was a timeline of events written out on a large poster, which she believes this helps her to think about the events in the novel and how they will all fit together chronologically. For every writer, the research and writing process will be different, however, one thing that seems to be consistent in Professor Hinc’s writing, and her success with writing, is her ability to stay organized. No matter what plan a writer devises, it is important to keep a schedule of your work in order to make the most of your time and efforts. Qualities of a Writer The final heuristic that we focused on is the certain qualities and personality traits that a writer needs to have in order to be successful. There qualities and traits are important because it determines one's ability to write, his or her passion for the practice, and how they will make the most of their writing. We asked Professor Hinc about these qualities towards the end of our interview with her. We thought that by closing our interview this way, we introduced ourselves to Professor Hinc as not just students researching her work, but also as students genuinely interested in pursuing professional writing careers. In response to this question, Professor Hinc emphasized the importance of genuinely loving writing, reading, and researching. In order to be a great writer, one needs to be a great reader as well. By taking a special interest in others writing, you are therefore able to effectively cultivate your own style and voice. Not do these interests strengthen the actual content of your writing, but it also improves your work ethic, problem solving abilities, and collaborative skills. Professor Hinc’s advice, while seemingly and simple straightforward, really tackles many of the different traits necessary to be a writer. This passion will lend itself to other qualities that are necessary for being a professional writer. By genuinely loving what you do, you not only

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build upon your own skills, but you effect the people you are around, which can make for positive and collaborative work environments. Conclusion: To conclude our ethnography, Professor Hinc turned out to be an amazing insight into the world of fiction and non-fiction writing. Her passion for writing gave us an exciting overview of the creative and mechanical processes involved in her profession. We came into the research with a few of our own biases, but came out learning information that we never would have expected to find if we hadn’t conducted the in-home interview. We found that by focusing our analysis of our research on some of the heuristics mentioned in Chapter 15 of Solving Problems in Technical Communication, we were able to extract some key aspects of successful fiction/nonfiction writing. Our main takeaways from our informant was on the importance of identifying one's own genre, staying organized, and being passionate about the writing process. In Professor Hinc’s words, “To be a good fiction writer, you have to love it.” We appreciated the time and steady flow of conversation that Professor Hinc, a member of the writing community, offered as we learned all about what motivates, inspires, and moves a writer to start their process and finish a product that shares a piece of their life with everyone.

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Works Cited Johnson-Eilola, J., & Selber, S. A. (2013). Solving problems in technical communication. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.