25_effective Technology Transfer-final.ppt

TECHNOLOGY AS A PACKAGE FOR EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: Agriculture: in the state sector

Dr. C. Kudagamage Director General of Agriculture Department of Agriculture

Over View of the presentation • • • • •

Present status of Agriculture in Sri Lanka State involvement in Agriculture Technology generation in Agriculture Technology transfer- methods adapted Success stories on technology transfer systems. • New extension model for effective and efficient technology transfer.

Reduction of Agriculture Share (1950 - 2007) 46%

34%

12 %

40%

3 1%

29%

20%

Industry

2007

1977

1950

Agriculture

30%

58%

Service

Agriculture

Industry

Service

Agriculture

Industry

Service

GDP Share • Share of agriculture sector

Sector

1950

1977

2007

Agriculture

46

31

12

Industry

20

29

30

Service

34

40

58

significantly declined in the economy

• Slow growth of total agriculture output resulted for this reduction

*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 01

Food Imports – 2007 More concentration on few agricultural imports Potential to purchase lower food imports Category

Rs. million

Sugar

17,055

Milk & Milk Products

20,688

Wheat/ Flour

230

Fish Products

12,015

Other

37,603

Total

87,591

Other 33%

Fish Products 11%

Sugar 15% Milk & Milk Products 18%

Wheat/ flour 23%

*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 78

Exports of Agriculture Products Sharp reduction of Agriculture exports share High dependency on plantation crops Need to diversify products and markets

Recent Trends Historical Trend Agriculture exports to Total Exports 1950

94%

1970

92%

1980

62%

1990

36%

2000

18%

2006

19%

2006

2000

1995

Change

Total Agri. Products (US $ Bn)

1.29

1.08

0.83

55%

(Rs Bn)

134.5

76.3

42.5

316%

O/w Tea (%)

68%

39%

59%

Tea+Rubber+ Coconut

84%

85%

84%

-

Agri./Total Exports(%)

19%

18%

22%

3%

Labour Force in Agriculture Sector * During last decade, labour force in the agriculture sector remain more or less constant. * Significant increase can be seen in labour force participated in

services and industrial sectors.

Labour Force Participation

‘000

Sector/ Year

2007**

2006**

2000

1995

Increase %

Agriculture

2,202

2,287

2,274

1,967

12

Industry

1,874

1,890

1,491

1,188

58

Services

2,966

2,928

2,545

2,202

35

*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 57 **Data excluded both Northern and Eastern provinces

Vision of Agriculture Sector Sector contributing to regionally equitable economic growth, rural livelihood improvement and food

security through efficient production of commodities for consumption, for agro based industries and for exporting competitively to the word market.

Government Ministries connected with Technology Generation & Dissemination • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Ministry of Agriculture Development & agrarian Services Ministry of Plantation Industries Ministry of Supplementary Plantation Crops Development Ministry of Livestock development Ministry of Fisheries and aquatic resources Ministry of Science & Technology Ministry of Enterprise development and investment promotion Ministry of Industrial Development Ministry of Rural industries and self employment Ministry of mass media & information Ministry of Export development &investment promotion Ministry of Education Ministry of Irrigation Ministry of Coconut Development

Establishment of Major Research Institutes • • • • • • • • •

Rubber research institute - 1910 Tea research institute - 1925 Coconut research institute - 1928 Sugarcane research institute - 1984 Rice research & development institute - 1994 Horticulture research & development institute - 1994 Field crop research & development institute - 1994 Fruit crop research & development centre - 2001 Veterinary research institute – 1967

Note:

DOA (1912), DEA (1972), Botanical Gardens (2005)

Mandated crops of DOA • Rice

• Vegetables • Fruits • Root and Tuber (Sweet potato, manioc…)

• Coarse grains (Maize, Kurakkan…) • Grain legumes (Green gram, Black gram…) • Oil seeds (Ground nut, Sesame…) • Condiments (Chilli, Onion… ) • Flowers and Ornamentals

Agriculture Department Involvement in Technology Generation Major Areas concerned 1. Introducing New crop varieties and cultivars 2. Technology for planting matter production 3. Hi tech agriculture- Micro irrigation, Protected houses

4. Introducing Agriculture machineries 5. Technology for post harvest & value addition of agriculture commodities

6. Technology for pest and disease management 7. Technology for integrated plant nutrient management 8. Introducing agro technology packages

Organizational Structure – Central Department of Agriculture Director General

D (Ad)

D (Fin)

D (HORDI)

DD (Ext)

DD (Exam)

ADA (IP) Ampara Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Hambanthota Monaragala Kandy

ADA: Three in-service institutes

D (RRDI)

DD DD (Education) (Education)

D (FCRDI)

D (E&T)

D (SCSPP & SPM)

DD (Communication)

ADA : Four Agriculture Schools

ADA Farm Mechanization & Training Centre

•D -Director •SEPC- Socio Economic & Planning Centre •DD- Deputy Director •Ad – Administration •ADA – Assistant Director of Agriculture •HORDI – Horticulture Res & Dev Institute •FCRDI – Field Crop Res & Dev Institute •AgEdis- Agriculture Enterprises Development Crevice •Fin – Finance •RRDI – Rice Res & Dev Institute •E & T – Extension & Training Division •SCSPP & SPM – Seed Certification Service, Plant Protection and Seed & Planting Material Division

ADA Farmer Broadcasting Service ADA Audio Visual Centre

ADA Information Centre YFS, Mobile Service

ADA Exhibitions & Technical Unit

ADA Agriculture Press

D (SEPC)

DD DD (AgEdis) (AgEdis)

Organizational Structure – Provincial Department of Agriculture Chief Secretary

Secretary (Agriculture) Provincial Director (Agriculture) Deputy Provincial Director Assistant Director of Agriculture Deputy Director / Assistant Director of Agriculture District Subject Matter Officer

ADA (Segment)

Subject Matter Officer

Agriculture Instructor

Different Methods Adapted in Technology Transfer 1. Print media – books, news paper supplements, news letters, hand outs, posters, brochures 2. Electronic media 3. Agro technology parks

4. Use of information technology- Cyber extension, DOA website, Interactive CD Roms , 5. Toll free service –(1920) 6. Field days- Extension research dialogs 7. Information days, Exhibitions

Print Media  Publications  Advisory books, booklets, posters, leaflets, journals,…

 Newspaper Supplements 1. Diwaina 2. Lankadeepa 3. Dinamina 4. Lakbima 5. Thinakaran

Television Programmes 





Mihikatha Dinuwo (Rupavahini Friday 6.45 p.m Govibimata Arunalu (Rupavahini) Sunday 6.00 p.m Rividina Arunalla (Rupawahini) Sunday 7.30 a.m

Radio Programmes About 350 no of programs/month

Radio Services 1. Swadeshiya sevaya 2. Welanda sewaya 3. Lakhanda 4. Tamil Radio Service 5. Kandurata sevaya 6. Kotmale sevaya 7. Rajarata sevaya 8. Rangiri FM 9. Ruhunu sevaya

Techno park - Gannoruwa

The total no of visitors in year 2007 205,000

Techno park Bataatha

IRRI

• To train farmers • Self learning electronic book • Distance learning for 9000 (ARPAs)

Web Site - www.agridept.gov.lk

Toll Free advisory service Answers for your Agro related issues

1920

Dial

1920  Any phone  Any location  From 8 am to 4 pm  First 3 minutes free

“Govi Sahana Sarana” Toll free Advisory service

AVC- Dept. of Agriculture Peradeniya

Information days

Exhibitions

Street drama “Veedi Natya”

Effective Technology Transfer Success Stories • Technology Packages Designed for Crop production systems eg. 1. Saruketha yaya program – for Paddy

Average yield of paddy in Sri Lanka- 4.5mt/ha Yield under saruketha yaya – 6.5 mt/ha 2. Technology package for maize With hybrid seeds, better inputs, credit & Marketing

(GAP) “Concentrated and well-focused holistic thrust on high potential areas” Aim of Saru ketha yaya Program •To increase average yield of paddy up to 5.2mt/ha, achieving 6.5 mt/ha of maximum potential yield in the favorable rice growing environment with recommended high yield technical package • To motivate farmers to pay 50% value of seeds and Fertilizer, balance 50% by government which ultimately contribute to initiate the revolving fund •6.5 -6.7 mt/ha average yield obtained

Rice Production ‘Yaya’ Approach Package of Cultural Practices

Input supply

• High yields • Technical Social compatibility • High Adoption

Farmer group /Tract (20Ha) Decision making & Action

 Quality seeds  Weed and insect management  Soil fertility management

Results of Yaya approach  The evaluation program conducted by Socio economic and planning center.  Sample size- 80 farmers in districts of • Polonnaruwa,Hambantota, and Anuradhapura. Criteria

Sample Average GAP Farmer

Non GAP Farmer

1. Average Yield (Kg/ha)

5990

5330

660

2. Gross income (Rs/ha)

93567

78648

14919

3. Profit including imputed cost (Rs/ha)

34938

19959

14979

4. Profit excluding imputed cost (Rs/ha)

58206

41223

16983

5. Unit cost including imputed cost (Rs/kg)

9.78

11.09

1.31

6. Unit cost excluding imputed cost (Rs/kg

5.91

7.08

1.17

*Survey Conducted at 2006 Yala season

Difference

Special Technology Package Developed for Maize  In Anuradhapura District  Institutions and organizations involved • Public institutes: Provincial Agriculture department (A’pura), Dept. of Agriculture, Agrarian service department, Central bank, Divisional secretariats.  Private sector involved in • Supplying Hybrid seeds, agro chemicals. • Supplying of Credit, crop insurance ,Marketing.

Reason for success • Proper coordination with in public sector, private sector organizations an farmers • Use and timely supply of hybrid seeds and quality inputs. • Timely cultivation • Technical assistance when ever needed by DOA and field staff of private sector organizations. • Credit facilities, crop insurance facilities. • Contract growing system.

Achievements Compared to 2004/05 Maha in Anuradhapura District

Extent -ha

2004/05 Maha 9591

Average yield 1.5 mt/ha Production 14386 mt

2007/08 Maha 19839

Increase

3.5

120%

69437

380%

107%

Recommendation for effective technology transfer system 1. Promotion of demand driven farmer accountable extension. 2. Improve participatory technology development through better research and extension linkage. 3. Use of information communication technologies in extension. 4. Farmer based organization for self-employment generation, input supply and marketing. 5. Empower farmers through establishing revolving funds encouraging savings micro-financing, bulk purchasing etc. 6. Training of farmers through participatory approaches such as farmer field school to understand and solve problems under real farm situation. 7. Introduce new technologies such as information days, crop clinics and agriculture campaigns. 8. Establish accounting system to monitor impact of technologies.