1953 Us Army Wwii German Experience Desert Warfare 98p.

OCMH

It'i

ENGLISH -.:. ••-*

COPY

GERMAN EXPERIENCES

IN

DESERT WARFARE DURING WORLD WAR 31 rSupplementOCMH COPY^— WOT TO BE REMOVED FROM AWC LIBRARY

-V

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i , HISTORICAL DIVISION EUROPE ARMY, HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES FOREIGN MILITARY STUDIES BRANCH

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P-139

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LIBRARY ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS, FA.

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Aliiff, 1033'

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OF u.s.^ MX US

Alfred

Sate of Mrthi of

28

After trftiuiuiS i& uptii Ci'flc^r Cwidisif.te Scbaole

ic.

of to proiistest to firct ter*: at U;e fiitrliii. ¥«r U«s *o.a pr^iijjttid captjiia V*oa l&^u~39 SrGPMi asnred i'raifcd&£ Cfficar of th» X Carps and tiicia, aftor |>«rt;lcip«.tirj^ SWa'f tr«4uis»tJ coufftea iu major ao& aaglispad to thm of the <^srt«X£i for i;Trinco fes First Anaietast to the £up|}ly Officer, iu 1948 ha WMI nud »e siloed us C was

coloiiel in

c^rvico as Cliief of Staff, Corps in Northern Sa«6i« 1944, £'Q^ w«> troastferrafi Tsack

ho

la Juxui of th* •««« y«ar, In >fhlda uatll th# w«r «ad»d, «&4 3^** pronotod 0«Mni2>i|Ajor in C«too«r 1044,

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m

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SttppUauat

I-yits

of birtfci 14 of & tb» v«ry la vaa la vorld %'fer X, o th« for l&sl. in ver 4-r-*/ as toft officer C for yt,i-,r later In various liiftij^rj- unl%«. offlctr and h&d »taff ciutioa. tttt vte a «t&ff

»f ter

wad the first tfeo staff uf oa y&c ho in Jiussia. Chief of Staff 1S41-4S 1& *as»i C'orpt, /^riee. Coips. KuriEtt; thia to of

ia

4 to

ad ?9JO£«r Livlaioii oa tw 'Ba»0i&a ItvUr ba vfce e^'aiu preo«tvd t«* .ad givixje cot:a£ud of a 4Q&iQ£#traUoA unit tii&t of

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10 § P-129 Supploawnt

Sisgienund KIEJ30W, Ph.D. Date of Births 29 Juna 1907 KLaca of Birtht Potsdam. Dr. KIEKCir atudied ehaadatry *t tha tachnieal college in Brealaa in 1925-26 and geology at tha University of Braalau in 1926, tha Unlraraity of Koeniga'berg in 1926-27, tha Ttaivarpity of Beam in 1927-30 wd tha Univoruity of Qoattingaa in 1930-34. From July, 1934 to June, 1942 ha was a»ploy»d as au aa sis taut in tha University of }twaaat«r» Ik July, 1939 ha was draftad for military atrviea and reKained itt tho aray until the aad of tha v&r, final ly roaching tha rank of second llerutaaant of tiw roaarva, , ' While eorvlng in tha aroy, Dr. KJEKCW his aoadeaie work and lecturad at tha Oaiverfclty of Mu*UBt*r and at th« Uaiveraity of Straaaburg, World War II, ha aarved &a chief of tha geological detachment assigned to tha German military forces in Africa, whara ha gained eonaidaraola axpariance in desert problaas, particularly thoaa eoanacted with water suppliaa. In addition, ha aerved ia asaign&enta in Norway and in Tranoe. In April 1943, ho was awarded tha titla of Bagiarungabaurat, a high titla in tha building and angiataring profeaaion« On 7 May 1945, ha waa captwad at Jfraaaanaa, lorthjam Boruay9 I

In addition to hia ailitary aarvioa and hia aetivitiaa aa a laoturar in IbiTaraitiaa, nr»HENCW haa had considarabla aueoaaa aji a writar oa gaologioal aubjaota. Quita a water of Ma stadia* hara baaa publiahad iai aoiantifio Journala of f^tgh Taputa*

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J'roftle Structure . Situation of

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sad the

Si tee in of 'Jtrnta Profliee ia l 9 W

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Loo^ltudlocl profile of Lov«r Of Haasejrnt Uadi

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fait Cofit«&t of v.&teir ia tha ia««ayai

Photo 1 - 3

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»«ep-V»il rrlllluff at atr klcahci Artssien Soriiiii Ift tb« tonMUi O&aic Artesian Vt*U is tha Crlept

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Clat*m

in the 2*3 In the it Ala

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Dos*rt, Ancient C latent oa tb« Siatrouh - Siwa i««t4 ......

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*1 Heriiat, ^i«t*riui on tfe* Hi* U

—

W«U to 14-15

iriooli, S»«tlcr« t.atar,

8MMJT Master* . toutte 2 ffroond .. with

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80

r% *'%

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a 0 W f ii £ y 3 (coat.)

& Milt up

18

19

jra, Cyyeaaie* ...... Supply ^'at«v of Photo «~ jierial

ill

— lordia. ***«»«* git* ia Veil at Ala •! ttttaala

•ainiar Fluid

•1 Gaeola. v»t«r Supply Peiat ia

rtuba .

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lino to I'tttt^jbi .............. l/rUlia« KaeMAa ia

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Li«,ht B«&oto ui-illiag Hacfcia* in ;

i»«noto lis-illl»fi Hachin« ia

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Point »t £1 canrru^A in tJ-t* Soutaara Ifootaill* of ttw Cyrooeiea MouatRiu iiiiiitj*, Saowiti£i (ia i'lioto 51) t£w> iifciic^Pui45 ia UM . - - - .

: . • -*0— ";j**^ j

? to vnieh v«twr will 2 <-«» Cyr«»sdc» aad Vicioity; Wat*» Supply |s«9 ... 3 — lat«rior «* Tripoli j U»t«r Supply Map . .... •

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61 *W

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by

She wc*>»6 of
to all wilitury

ia
f&aud itt il«ld H Lt.a vo be

wh«su expart

this to

in so&u p«.rt»,

la ord^r to round (nut th« r4?^I.iec. It v«« to rcTiirt to idbfts c^r«»a«»4 ic tiit» ori^iaol »tu4y of tk«i' MS ^ ;'*12S.

iu avlttf of certain vat^aiwsfiUB <&« to Ihe

to thw trcui tr»«*tai8at of to« pra1>l«a» discus »yu in &ri^t. 2 Wit r^yiy that could hav« be«n fuar&i«b«4 to Dm qu*itlojus ®« I

thw tin* «llew*4.

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r»l»«d Ofwnot %« o«j*§id&r*4 If tike trefcitciaiit of the proble&s , i ^ !

tu «oa« pjurta, thi» ig 4u@ to th» liaitftlloas; i«^oe@d :' i i' •p«ce «a
,!

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*CI *«

9H

is tfouuf b,mt n

the E«B<»iirch anal la tia« prase

la «OBift«ctioB with ^.$ ^ |

, who was cliief of atttff %« icdd

G«Benfaiisut;ai',iit a, I;, xritr.

ia Africa, la ropljri»i< to ;uu i-oj»« to tba ^problem of

«usctloQa, t-hoau

i%4& u»« ef two

la the

a geologist of vith tlu 1943. to

aad maiatsiu to repeat . sauc of

ftfrioti Cor we as uilitm

^.i l'-,4i to

are laoiuded iu «iil»

.jVv.wf 3.

ia laportjuicv cf ttee e«iver«l t/lthift thi)3 r'^ewJit vosfc* t| twia.lNiia 1*^04 4, waxy

UafoitaqUoo

» ' the

in H3

IH it is Jfoui*d that eartaia tubjuots are not traatei :

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ia th« *itnaa of the quotations e«tlc«4, thiu i*

ie RVaiXiiW.a in th» fi*Xd tt» A title

prufsBiuloa.

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or %a the

<1I8$P-1£9 i 1

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f«H)t that th*i> fidktiag i& Africa took plact iu iua»t»a to

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•f a trutt ^tts&rfc war« not preee&t. ' t

•

the

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upon tLc tii adocuutu aupply of till

.of owatmt. Hocg '

flow of thttvc eur^pli** is

ducieivoly ly

cli«iatiQ ce&ditio&f* i'ho prc^lBffi invoked in tba

l«v
^a supply of fuppli^g htyoaa thy >

had ou th« oo«r««i to do rather vith &

U to

«? cjrnpioif-ed in hed UK;

v
n not

uf

troops, whether tb«3 cfi"«sct» o».

, if ee, what U»ct-:.c '

So ft~r M.

were, ^ , tho

^iveu by thu witiior n,i-« c^. or

cior«> str^tojic sur.pli* "b^r.uo* tha iaQ¥«ii40i».t of Buppliww of cctcl to tbu troopa is exclunivtaly n c;att<;r of org^iKetion, thw avvJLl^bility • ' of Bv'i-413 ef tr4..iii3;-;c.ri;r',tictt pnd !-hw .-^oaailiility to ctri'y put wr.-^/orttttiQA* ;

I

Ia| urouiicl uv-.-^Grcutiott it eaet lie btvrtiu in fcind tfcfit it iu ir-" i,acior to •ar&ouat uifficuitie« by a fla~l^lo adnptetiou to earietitt^ cire.uast«a«o i

by wndvj'-voj'lajfj to forct Afttufo* iii flexibility possible.

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'irejaeportiitiott ^y wit* ^uk0a pructi^all] ;

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iey®. deeort' werfure it vill alv&y* ^«i UbO«J8»fcjry, ot.ao tha ccu.rt» : /-,.'• •*< a battle trJc^g a fuvoruble turn, to cr8tHbli$Ji advwics itu^ply a^ot9 Itt ' MTJM*

uaita iu

eo tlwt tho

cua

JKU9 I a pursuit. iiflwst

ba*»« will fce,v.e U> te

w*si protected fey *irbara«

, wo« nl^t Hires Jtev« to

rj-4*l& in ecu^t. . I •

.

• ike 'swr® ia»orci,iit itaea to u

to tha

la

air« fuel, :"v)0d Mt*d water, epare pi-rfce for 'Xhto pltiua cf Uio *-ya]?OBsi4tiXe ttippljr officer i« oa t)U« fide oi" , ha will te title, ey «aa*ai« of raaio oow«ataio»tiOtt or li ii' iui'on^c-4 QU tia^ t-ituaUoii, &, If it radio i:« ; ' ' X.11 c.vt;.ili.l:ifc ^W;U.K af

Oft, thw

OH the eis* i^rtjilttli- uii.t

uu; air

V ouu ci««,tml

i-4.;;t bo

.

/, COUGH**

u;:, ,ri cioc*

for

fc.ir &uripa or ;jt,-i i or tuppiiuo ^oved

iu •

critic.:>l h*v» to 1>« *up,-;ltaa, or v I

Until luaviff wjpte of -plaito* with a

ar«

I , •9 constructed tliati thwjc caa Iwid eufaly wxultr d«»«jrt i ! : fcf ft*c«w»ar/ te favor lighter Hypwe witii H l«»j&ar

further tt&relopffitrut of tPM&lsyi&ti Iwitlin^; gear

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tfe* sitttfctioa Sa this r«»p«cfe. ill* •apply of coafoat fetus-i«l to aftvaae« det&chiasatts, eacirelod ci««llei" «aitB or to patrols eeple^ted ea i ; jRl«*ioa* of wwsftl day* duratloa fcgr air 4»p ia aa Isportoat !

'

'

Whether ti»a developiiuaat of zjjsciel t^p«f <*f v«hlcl«»» for

is u«<jaawiry or praatioftiiXt* la « «o«t poiat in (h«» trejisporfcotiioa £ ls« axciilltnt la CUM th«at«r of oosratioat ui^t %« uealcas, iu «v. if jmv^d o? uitg)ttV»i fir* roads ba givea profe?«ao&4 for «c»AOiaiesl r«K*«O8 if for ao if rouda i*ev« ta 1s«i e«astmet«>d» t&e v«r/ gUKMfeitjr tiaa p&ce cf op«ratioae. £hia fact tJw eaa^KiKler of a Uiu&W? of op«rat»iaaa taa asd sact acc«pt &s tt coiistaat. U* Hast fifilitJ Ma <.

I

afld MsdUmvo? to dwfeat the eaeiqr whau 6b« «ita«.tioa s&«*»» uost f I for this p-ujryo&e. fho supply senrifcie iowi •rarythiac eoua*ttc«i U i tie sa&p«i;d to tkis rfeoulrcinij&«. A force vMch huu tsri»a sport at itii vfciiiul«« capable of ^.ovluj ,,t tha paoa as Its cotabo.t vtiiicl«a caa opoyat* iatl«p*a4toatly» ea

ure ctiiiitjpii^d. Kara, & high sviW of cp*«4. is aot uw «• a '

It Is h^rOly likely th«tt th« t^aiijti^jat of a. road

uail to «&ch dlvisioii, ».a *oADi»t9d ty General Jiey»rl»i», vill i ' . ' d«aert coMltioaa, a divitioa ai^t m»v« i ''', of kilaiMita ri ia a direct ioa «atirely difforoat froa that ia vhioli its '

Goattroatioa unit has pr«par«4 « road. It weald c^pfar aAviaabl* to eoaeoatrato all ro*4 cowetructioa vail* ia a pool •89>li

La eoantniatifif a r**lly ^ood «»pply roulo ia!ta«

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of thxu»fc of th<» 4*ruy. Jf tiiy ^wr^tt iviia follow tiw (ifeuared dirovtioEi of & coaat, coa«t»l witii a uuttU dsruf <s will play «a importattt roX« in th« •kips nnd tU«ir vulfi^s-i^ilitjf to air nttuck ia will provo jj^rticularly vnluable if th«y «r« M their c;jrgo«a on opeu cau»tt t

tixay of

isi uoviti^ eup^ly tayas farth«r y&tor tiupoly coru_ua ahoolti 1*0 1 itiffwr visibly fro» -rdlsutioa of -

! I

of thw uu.iply &«rvlcau.

It 1* rGcuuA;-eusi«»d ttel vatsr foil

be iiitci-fepwi-uud iti coluasasj Hu r^-ja^: ou pa^a 48

net fiViila'tiics la the Jwhnsuuht ir» bat tyv?^ct. If wtr« nat u^u ly thm ua^iir^ uuite viutj-iu^ th« ca:(.yuifia ia ^.af

-fi-

SO $JSWlf,y8 (,-4

IS i/i.,^2 Uj&ft

V

a Coups, of

1^41-43 period.

UudvP civili^u cau<.'itit.ui>-,

will uai* fnr iiora water tkaa iia ttotutilly Baeds ioid 1« i;.. i^-c to fcre^o tie u«u»I h&oitt., for ibat&aa«« hio l I

partica.iarl/ if he kuuv& fciiat &a abuodiiUt BUppl/ of

It fcVailti'eltf.

^urihfepzaure, tlia v^*v si<^t of uater or cf

liquids ie£ue«g a f s@liug of thirst.

i.

In co&traet, & uoldiwr

of w»t«*r sad with wurpvJLsiae *p*«4 aeettrtOM ai«Mlf to au •

.

with the Kinin&n quantity ooaeietoat with toelth.

• • <». .t. -"•

l':|

>l«c
'•'I

ly

la

, th« aiai&uia dully wat«# ratiau m$ faus* lltert,

Xa the

two liter* warw u»«id for oooktug »*A two fui* wi-

viilcii

^

-o allavioui@ ««i* a&l«; fur vb&iiin*. Howe ua- trecpg hu4 to ^ rww'U-Ut^d to ef llao.

If aacli a KiVua'wica arosa, '

tiroops pwi-f OJTCC huC io f or^iio h^^ltinio habit* aaa u«t &;J7 yui!of & lU«tr of Vi;,£«r for Kttth jrtu^osat..

or

v®# aurlnu- tiw Gurtt;^ ratrwaV fi'tju t,.^ wobruk

wkich thia to t'Uei

or fi of

'

i& l^oaub^r 1^41. or otawwis* thw aoraal ^.

low* is. w^.ii

i.v.o cusu in •

".i»*ca this, ^tioi

tut uiiiteir iaoaths.

C'a iiic o^i.-,; it

i:. if

of watur utrc p,Tailfebl«, th«3

liA

la «sceptivtttiili Lot

norsui rutiOA wet Q&& fcoilo-u (-j. ecuvo« uad l.fc ^Blloas pu* u

otiher uuu iaplcj'ttd tit JiaftVjr labor iu th« vicinity of , eto, Wl* sul«4@Q« wiU b« foo&4 ia

copy of u report pr*pwr»d V the HUitwrjr Q«olo#ic»l Oitnuea Africa Corps on tbt ¥»t*»r

«r««aiiXAti«>» la tb«

Iitfc;r») /or troopt ;.-,t;yx*

\

el >..

,f

itt ;i.'or t&is

Of

to t

wit

thw a

Afy&f*

'vo tfaliiroil fccifitr levtilft fa^inv iu Ehw ee.u

of tJ;w ,.'ar

, & fi^v^-vrtc.i- li-v«X lu thu Uto^Btono or

e otsr-.-c , of

*v or t

of th« 4et'p-Viiter Iwv^l of da-jcrt of va^itTW. 2^jrpt iw in ^« Wiyloo* of

.

of

ike £uct,'*n. rihe' Wutcr flcw» tiortiiwurd through cud U«e ta-'iiiiU-/ cl^ak taid e*a,rl foivatiioao, ha coa ^ ecu; f^ l profiltj prepared V thu 12tti Htlitaxy Oeolo^ic-sl i to tha Qarcwa Africa Corps* in October 1S43 (uke^,j$t ; ltt vclieya

other

9).

Sills vator leve>X ri8i*a oluoyt to tlif nad

Burfeea and causes- the foniuitieni of iwrraitt, how«i>v<wP» it i t&ppud l»i: cuaeas of c&ap well

.

(J;hoto I, pe^c 10). rJ'he

liaita of thi« v*t«r l«v«l euro to IB** found ia %he

of Q*«f»

vifeh •'[«>'

their

ojrte«i«oi ^ria«i (photo X t pa«« 10)«

:

.!•• "

•

C^rr«ka»iQa* with it« hi^» reAof«»U.. i» » typio»l bwrr*n rook river bed» in liorth«ro

•'il ^11

Loam. Clay and similar Limestone Sandstone

'''-~

GranitS Gneiss etc. Subsurface Water Level Sea Level

-9-

t. -t

, Quarternary

Longit_udinal 1:2i 000 000 _— . ^_ *•?. _ . _ _ . j.Scale , •• -j *

'Formation and older)

Recent Tertiary

(Heights multiplied by 100)

Lover Tertiary and Recent Prepared by 12 Mil Geol.Det.Panzer JSrmy of Africa, October 1942

Quattara Depression

Bahariya Oasis

Karga Oasis

Nile Delta at Wadi-Halfa

Abb.BV27 |ilr Mlwiba, uuch M*-*»ha ('££' \V N, ,27* 57 OX Ucgt-au dcr Pi Djcbel Uwcnjit Wwdi llulfa miitfii uuf vlmr Si-rirfliiclie, ilic zum j.andcif gul {jcci^'nel isl. Als Siehlinarkfii tier Urun0fO»li-Hc Mini fin kl*lnf*i llulxbfiusvhen unil ein Ilol/^i'rfi.sl mil .Suilv-imli' 211 m-iiwn. D,T ii7 in tk'fe liijiinnen LSuli•wasser) lic^l iinlrrdi-ni i(ol/$>enii.%t unil Kt von cliK-ni ichWiT/'ii blfchbc(gules schlagcncn - I'-'" iii'il fvhlt uin Uruiuicn mid uiuU luilgcfuhrl wc-dcii.

In'DM JflMfllll

.-. ,*- •*. --"-•

-11-

j

Supplement

££ub*irfao« watajr it confined to evwrieo* «o*d finds Ita •

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!

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. '

furfaet in stream &prin«« (ukatflb a, p*g« . 70, tfator: i^ply i to UM 1 . • | • Cyr««*lc«. l«4y).

,

•

! «.reus»«JttOM;gs! <*r« different la 1'HjiOll. where tb* hi^ tiefu;** .

«top« fc»4 cotdouaea th« asolBtuy* corri»d by the w^ud from tho ea. Shw v«t«r thua coud*»aed M«p* dova to I*V«JJT lavel ;

i

««lleote in ia»p*rvloua atret*. BO th«t fun ftd*$aat* supply of uateir c«a IMP found in th* deup w&t«r leval «f tho SJtfiur»t tb« c«jj»tal '

Of fvipoli* la certftic party, the water supply i« t«^«d ty i'hia water level «xtenda ftaatvard to tb* rofiftn of ,,..„—,„,,,. —. T , ^

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wtegiaa wsdlu vert drilled (Ad t^tdo tb* aettltaent of tha region : (photo 3, w*&> 13).

,

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.

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Ae far as th* ^vrJLlAbility of water supplies for tliw Xt<»lo-GL,rwiii'i i.

i 'f

In Tripoli, thtt dctp venter l^vol v^a taf^ed by 00 iuaoy

e tlmt fto aow drilling wo« uucasa&ry during the brief i^riod of notion tberfe (:•;!:;«ten 9, pa^e 71; Ufttw 'iuri^ly Ka^ t Interior of iX'i^oli). • i ! 3. In Ci'z-c^aicc.. euffioituit etrou^ eprin^a w«r« available to iasar* .

i

«n »d«cujfctc wur,nly of v&ter for Iwr^a bodies of troopt. JD«cp vti.Il • ; , •• ™^ ia contrast, is «txtr«ualy riaky ia taiw region, for wblcu r«mian no new 9.

lil Bvw^i) «ad in In the Gulf of ttrts (il A^«il»»Mttft« ' regioua an w«ll a« ia ve»t@f-a &$ypt uorth of th« daey w«ll drilline held out wall prosp«ota of no d?illi&& v&a
:

%

ft,'£

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Artesischcr Brunnen in dcr neuen lantlwirtschafilichen Siedlung ,,Crispi" in Libycn

MS

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of

• to «a

4.

th« c.

IS CtotFfctiosc fc.ua $xt«ad«
th* »etttaa«j ffeaciw»$ of %h* watera «Uf%*rt, voold huv« t^ucita gf clo-tttuive Impart i.-uce,

la i'hc

d««9 v&ll driliift^; tirulp^icat vtuisl hiivy Twu ^ depth f-t which weter ^ou!4 b*» foua4 ^oalct bav* i

of Ijell'u nap of the Static iM'baxurfjiLey wutar

bl turvcya (ckstdi 3, Ball's i-wp ut th«i Static IB th@ v.i.-iUra Llt^iai Daewrt, 10^7). Abovt-eurfecs? feud tx«t»7»fiujrfivoa wntar l«>v«l« were i'ar facto rs.

JiruBadiateijr aft<*r rain QOUEu«uo«
,

bsen takuu to o^tfih bad oonsarvti thy watgr sad to follow it up threap «I1 «ti^«»» of its 4owttw«,ra flow in crd«y to »tor« &» t,udi of l» *• posel^la. i

'

gi7 coe>s>tfel ia-*ia8 it ie poawible to of corrugatod Iron pl»t«i, i^uvel pit* «ftd to forth,

.'

<||BUMItiti«s »rv axtrftcwsiy siu»U \>ut ot'tuu <;^it« n««ful. HQUWJ s^id toot !• : roof • should ta co&ttxugted to «»to)i rain wat«y.i !"

'

'

j f roopa who are to fitkt ia d«m»art* n««4 cgppropriat* ia toia sob^aot.

!

'

Svttyy n«A mat r«*U*» taat! ffoiry ^uort of '

that 2u» coa obtUa for faJjwelf r«lt«v«t tlMi burd« on tU urd« ' _ • 1 Mrrie«*. Ui» ro»ouro«fu3jj«i»« «M,*% ta d«y»lpp»dI »ad' Jw wist

'

to fU&jp hlsjealf aad aot to h*T« ««v0d ua

:

en

M9f

-14-

j

it w«

in thw (kix-aaa Atsert

to roof®, flat rock «u$fita0» e«n bt t«$?oy<*4 to cs j Watty *jad tha v£»t<*r tlai* out«tia»il eta bt stojrtd ia eitt«ras. • ; • • uodflfi for th« typ* of Isistttllatioa gut&eattd hart o»a be jfoaud i& w. 1 . ' *4ri4 rs^iouw; ^ f aw eaaEpX«» iur» Vli* rook bw*k vnttxteoltt of Africt* th« of i-oet Africa, tUe Oaa«B« holtt of Auo«r»U'j,. tha rook Umk» of tad tii« GaU» of ^^pt f ' ell of *&icta tare ti'tv ru0s)lt. I • • of tht cheulc^l of rook, tba tfftctt of which &ry p^tiau^ ia hollovt of tfce v«t«r collect luj tliurt. :

hollows nrw

the nutiou of of tha v/iud durle^

. »aid, if

h« «haie, for • ii!icur»t of uatwr veil into the dyy BWiaoa. uiiey provided wltli iuid cafichijitT a&vlc^6 and prat@«tt«d e^i o*a prov«*"ut;eful iu tba tisrta-'bllbiiit.^iit 1 of «trou^ points in or *• wttter supply pola^s /or patrols, ^iwall datuditaeatio «aia no i If'r^e oii*'6f-rjis V«*:?Q coustructed iu anclaut tlaav by t&e

(photo0 4-7, pisi'SB 15-16). Hou«Vcr, cout of the* «> old ci«tur& uo loa^tr of toy uta to4«^( in eont caoae b«o&u»« tfcoir d»tch«tuat • ' tt»B do&troytd ia thfl oourtt of U&MI oviof to tht a*tun»l 4iaiBti*• ! ,, of rock. fio«i«ra lur£» oi«t«ra lu»tallttioat vtrt ••".•; eoo«tru«t&4 ti . tat Ittlitaia is kloya lea^ otfort the euatptdfiB iai nortbara IAfrica be^jsua. i. ' , I " ' . 17 and @0*31, pe«ts 43», 48b) j ! Q&t iaport«At Ki*sion of tHt «s«ft«y rvBpoatiblt for tilt supply of •.'-•• .. ••: .• I •. • •! : it to 6»c«rt«in tii* cifc* of nil ol«t«n»t txi*tiA4i vilj^iB the goat . I . ,'

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^ :w -.Ilk 1 ..f

-is- ; ,vi;

MS

Ci»tara» la tte iiaa 20* tw&i

Abb. G 22 \\adi Iluuimauiut aul' lialbvin We.iie zwischcu tlciu Nil mid Kosser. Ant' Ucm cbenen, brciten Wailibodun, fiber den heule cine bcI'estjgte SlralJc I'uhrl, cine Brunnenanlagc mil allem R6mer( bmnnen links. '

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' • '.. -; ,r?js?r-i-..' • j^'S;-'•'•:" .:$ gfft '.•'•; h"-^" ;i-iM.;' • Ahb. JJll.'J ; All dt-r Wassi-rsU'Ihf von Ma^hura Ci()° 11'N.'J8J ."):i'O), am .SiuU-iulc clt-s Salxsi-cs MUI .Majjlutra. (k-r uiiKt'lalir ilas Osii-nili- dc-r unlci' dcin .Mccrcssjiii-^cl lii^ciuk-n Kallara-Senko kciinxcicliiii'l \-\<\. Plu-i'siclilskarlc). Ms isl nur wi-nijf I'l'lauxi'iuviii'lis in
-,*»

.-* *

:* *

vjiter , ho fiosl* uo water in it. It is asoettWPjr for hia to Icncu tkat

" $ will ooiy to rewarded if h® di^s? oft»r •uas*t mad tbet. fco in* tit woit " -y

£ti V capillary setioa find* it* v«y lute th» ti "'*- '

At tifcee, sasli s-ouuda forts ov^r aoict ipreuad, thu of vhu taolaliui"^ co tlx&b it is £>Qt ^lovtt fiusy \>y tlitft Ucuvy ^"ovth of vaiivtii»iiia t>r^ diia oftua ego iuu-ic^titu ^i' '41

i« rursli* Voa^'-i la ^ha least daMtrt.

It it> oaly v;;-_uv aaeti dyi'owiiu art» tMck or floor ti" «i Vf^viit.-/ for w. lo&c dv fry vatur iu etrata, the cour«« of • f

tiie gtftarsl direction of thw vrai^. ?fee poi&t of o^&fl^^c^ cf £f t..ui

tvo drjr rlv*r bods is u^anily » fsvor
of ft dry river is Itpttrtio&blii for coco alataoc*! a olou« ii.tpoctic.ii

mTffd taad or ^r«T«X filled potfeol«s waich Kijiit coat«in yut«? for a ,s |, I IOM *iw> fcfttr rain. If tb* rtver l»od oontftiMJ eo«r«« l, «a effort , ! f i| s

-u—** ».- j,^^ t0 ^j^ i^ At^t,t point* of tho ,— _,,,._

';:-••

I

Eh*uc«8 of fiadimj wftttr «f» Vottwr i» ^road, eptfi T«ll«qr9 tboa : . * r i ' • ' • 1 U a»rrow »t*0p «ortc««, tat It vcol& be wron* to di« or drill at «root§ i the flow of th« vfet«r feat H<m w «Ii^xt t^»t it — ^,tf,^ r,^.^-— T

.

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jro

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ye

clo*« to tfaesa miXt i0erfch
talt

water swy

i '&o fvoiid ua4«r$r«ua4 with a f»r lw«r «s»lt ecu Was* tht •u&lnltlt>t-~w :,ut it

It** «

to •pjfG'tf** that* $u c-u^wull vn.t«r, th« hl^ eialt coat«iH oi' ww «f VA»tcr ^orcplut^B only slowly to wat«r of & lowwr jj«lt e.n4

I 114 the vlcinit/ of th«

will

thin JU-^wrw or la K&O.H p&tehaa

ws ^Op of til* eait^f ta^K

U hs»o collected

» i&*t rtin without «,u y^'t

fro® th<$ VRtot" billow It

ii, at

Chapter 3, vpeniUoaji of tht 12th '.Hilary Cuolo,.;lCHl SollttK).

01"

SBStics II of chapter 3 contains a r«r»ort on tfet

potable tffetfe>r pat3& of this type lu a vadi fct Ecllua. . I

'|

'

fhle

i

'

if

th« pott>l3l« v&t@7 in ouch p&tchep is rapidly out too ruplcU/, m\lty %r«t«r will flow Into th« veil,

•applies o^teiaud thus provtd hl^ily v^ilutWe «cd helpud to rulitwi tht utralc c» tho supply earvloee. *

: Oa th* whole, tko cUswandg kade la rtcptot te tht Quality of "<

*

.;

-

i

•i I**

vattr ia daaart »rt&0 should not %« es hi^i %• la «ore tt«a«iyrite la tht K
i

ehlorlett coateut lover th«n 1 £!>»« p»f llte», whiah it unttnlly toffioitiil ' ( i to icirt tht v&ttr HA unnleapattt t«at». Ovlftjc to tht lor^o itmouatt o4T I

.

;

'

j

§dt cQttttf&t wf tht %*«twp o^tAJUfttd £MM wtlit

•''•!'•

•

\"' >*

•

Oft ;taf av*ra«p to i 1 fcoth buuauas

p*y~ lit«*r in tb* late- W»*U»A . o caa iwiapt tfcma«elY«B to *«*«» with

sf.lt ce»t«at, eosd wet«jr that ewauat b« uw4 for to^pi wad uv«a putpes«« of taxi i« sttil;»ita.Q for takia^ or for pr«p&ri&^ ' ' i

•

It 1« vory ^rookivh it »till cwi ^« u»«d for ankiafi eoooa.

" , ;* I *>>"

Cviag to tiio epui-iiity of v*fi«tutloii mut populfttieo* w»*t«r la &rid rarely ceataius Itspuritlea of &n pr^toio uattttr* unite* thy jpi»ua4 iailbe viciiiit^ i* polluted* e^-luafe y%i(9b very sttriat procautio&6 Vssry usvwi'ts pwialtifiiB wust be ii^o««& oa the pollutioa of la «JL1 ar^^a vhero v«llc urw »ituo>t«d. tast we fe&i (ja«li« tl&i-i» eiw quality oau b« it^ruvtiu Uy

If

la.

'<*b,a« it la ellovad to e*ttlw to thw of

of ,-1'iia ausy Ita uacd to of iocliiy or

a&4

th* prtoipitatloA of i^puritio* of pota«b oua ba «.ddw4 to

purify the watar a&d tiaprovo it» i

i

She ttble on ptk^ju 2S ahow« tto typwe of water napply vxjiiifce • fouod lu d»aert areAS, tft« eitea at vbicli taty taay t»«

furth«r

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j^sg ail's • fl> t| <"2 "3 &« 9 * v* 1 1 sI 8« 1S I5 £»€

1

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-26-

K5 $ 3V129

of isippiy for the asm** troops ia tna r.m «&d la toa wetom d«st?rt of £&ypt v&o found' in tba tteuz^au.rxVc^ 1

Iprsl Is du&tto (sketch 3* pafit 27 j

c&ttcb 4, p«gs 2i), in the ^-i-^

rtCloa la the aeer-mrfiMji* v**t*r loval in vadia, la th

!'.

•

rc^iott

t

': 4

ift «prlttiS* (J**1? 2, pa^s 61). £ pwrticularly wh«& thw front WJMI »t £1 AlwcfiR. Sh* C««MW foi-cws i»t no

)

'

,;i

ti*e had to depend on the KSK^wr w&ttr sappltaa to be found In t&a d»Mf|r • •'? prop«r. It is n«twthole»t |j^arotiv«ly nto«Be»jy tha *r »ai>ply officer* tafora ta««»«lveg thoroughly o» th« vetor « ia the desert and instruct their troops ourrsatly, so th«t the troops vfiV &•I . ftble to fculp themselves in the oeee of «a «B8Jr«s&qr. A, knowledge of :-H ' .. ; th* srpmrluncd r01ftt«d hurs has eaved tha life of Rosy «, soldier. The water present in tfe# deep subsurface virtt? level is raeoveted by ttsjic* of deep drilling,

lior civilian purposes Mat of the v&tar 1*

v; I'' if

pWBpsd V jAiohi«h uocoeeitate thtt Kbove garfww storage of CA bo propsrly developed. At tlaos, th» flow of utittr b« iaor««sad by cle«ri«£ and «ad oth«r deposits tn* th« op4«xioi; ef '^>-.t " spriag »nd by rwaoving th« siatwrs. Cwat osjrf smst b« «xercie«d to •void oh«£«ia« tha *et«blisB«d hydrological conditions in spring wr«es. is a hjuard in spring

aa it

l«ad to » co«pltits loss

of th« vat«r It wa» found

to dir««t tc«r flow of %mtwr froa « uu&bttr of

:" iI

Sketch 2 |s*s

Simple Type Well in Dunes Sand Dune

Sand Dune

Water Trench

Coast Salt Marsh

Fresh Water Level

.

Salt Water Level

=SK

• ,1

Livi- i.-i.

•^••|::!--lv!-..ivi;:t:-r , «

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® sir Abb. A IV ebencn, ci und das pla Iz, a

IFp

. ! Malar, Brunnen und Pistenkreuzung rund GO km OSO vpn Adjedabia, i litfgl in einoin ige Kiloinelei- grolien Becken, das allseilig 10 bis 30 in anste|f!l, der :rundc ivvcipc WassfrbfhalU'r, indrad sind gut zu ,suheii, lel/lerus busondurs bei Tiuffluf,'. Ani Hruniiea lic^l 0in II i I f s 1 a n d f if] ^einem Landc-T und der Hckbuzeichnuii-j kcnnllich. Dor. Bod m wird von ejlnijr tVslen Sandlt'iinq {•cbildet, dercn Uewuchsnng fiuUcrsl spArl.ch is'l.' I •.

iR-3

iafco oa«

. VUt«ri if

«nd.

wfeiclj

«ttp« of e4r

filters, SlU diaM«t*r of tfet

vlll not Of f illod to capiwity «r«a i tfe*i? hlgbfttt flow, IUtt«tT»tloa« of *«T«lop«4 photo. 10 nwl 17. p<^i 31. wattr

or tr*ftch*«.

Cha waUi uro u«uj»lly ««• to thr««

Nfttl fflethod l* I*?-

•. t i

If th«va in f»to* th* •well* it ii RtiVlwaWLe to «aid off th<* OOttO» Vltls, to provide holaK la th« iow*r Q^etiont of v*U

of v«i to UM a tMvabln intako

to * float,'"f.r1 ae thut

A. ««rlou« 41ffl«at/ Otic* !• often fMoiat«»t4 it vldmi. • fliii uot oitly

• '*,'

$»$> %*•!.»# At Bia er

fI

rt

WATER SUPPLY MAP

i sketch 4

a-n LI a 'ara

***•» sj. if r f*~t. .... r ;^

0F

WfcLVS

UH ;»ai,'E

Hatwr

•.--

Berth er&t*r»

* •* --«»

..

rfi SSIH TJIA ^VU

?3S Ml

- 80 -

Ki^fe;: .__ : "

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^'-tt". • Xj

•^ AK'v-^^^-s

J^••V^w £4*^y^ /'f X' \/!C ^ •-•;^:;^-"-\V>^rv-. .-.-i -/.--^ .

{ ' ' X

''-']' -'-^ v ',fx^ SP^Yi ^"!

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• -A'V:.: .-.U'f '•^^Xii^ii^'i^ «

V.

Content of Water in the Baeseyat fladi Sketch 10

Scale: 1»2000 J Fig Trees

/ Bank of Wadi. ''. .-

'

[i^Qr®lloles» uPPer Figure: No of Borehole, | /,,;!t^ :.,;; f"Lower Figure: Chlorine Coriteni in

^..w/i.1 - *;V. tVii.-.- LWirltch^ Milligrams per Liter c ,•;'.-,-/;.' -tifivi'i^c^.r.itJ' ii-i m.,. 'i I of Equivalent Salt Content ' ~

,,.,.,..4, ^^

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'^V- -f.-V^-——£~~~H- ^. £ •!:;'•'^ -." V»\A v

iy Engineer Commander j 2th Military Geological Detachment

«re«tt$ Ws

each Cf^'-i'/ it

'.;iil se&tle

of ttw veil tj^fe

Can lie ^cw

120 flush With t&O bod gls«* fCS- fche pUiSilfl 1« «3

CAtt ooAtitiUft oviift 34T ttm vtv^ir 4s t/jstea at fobTufe la t^>f %i£Ci«% to %• foui*4 i& r the uaT"3i»rica x^t^loo* It *»0 ,-»--- --- .

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i jTjfOSI Mlhltshi It- flOW 4ni»0 tiUI WftlJWS' BMkAlMI Of

.

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forc« te _

f

34, uiufl^fficaa »

jiOt pag* 35 j| chovc A wXl. 4a£ tef 1i^g itttl aaisitif tiie v»r, nu4 Hut "mar ««r»t««a^l«. head

*t M» i& Q*ral*

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4& Slke toroft (<£:«fceli 3,

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. «el %o %0 oi»fu«fcd

wilt, twawwr of t2as» later £trrcl 'J

wattr division, She fufgigment*

iiw ai-t-Uli, j co

Jfor units

iwrei. w^twi- mpplitti w»r» ftjvuratj '

v«bioj>*i •« *rt of •

stev^lo^sd, firsts

,^9 eoS£<;4^» ee that ^§ 1* h&d

to tdUr -wAto

iisi vi*uld (ti

However, this

and v«4*«a with ttit cli,v6

foir wortc m • Mile, i| ira* po*sitiltt tu drill' £tfU*i to since ti;c %«itcr b^j, $00

mt«rdLQtf

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will prare a vesy ttsfcltal fceij*

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,a to nyoOwsa t«a Xit«P» of «? fUil coaviJ^tiiea^ tfcnaf caal* ecly 1*4 aetd 1»

"but h«2* gxsfe;';;^ 8«itf}faotJorlJ

fei wa® tfes

in wi^eli tiit»

«»«iK)t ftlt«Jfc>l.

siat likely to

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cuttsitt*;'3,U«o ia

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aotj osly tar«! to

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oa «pci4iiiii of III* no&y

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jnu**f of temp*

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objactiv* o#©ea*l«Mi «*w»a»t : 1s» I

t»a

Ifitftth flafoacu e^stta. ' r4£® to«k

of tbf wtftf

to II

in

iu a. tfi
sot; a,tt
their

itt

of th« to c, £ but it

Jwwi to fca

la any of tli

lon< * tla« to

forc»« eapicytd Igr tlx* Sritldi In

ft 4 ffctsous «a4 IMI»| unit of this vyp*. • «•* ' «|» LM«

9340*,

m ; of v^$uif Uto

f t&£ esc.
Aayo of U:;.^. all twelve

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Contour of High plateau

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LongltBdinal Profile of Lower Reaches of Baeaeyat %udi longitudinal Seal** 1*2500 Vertical Sealer 1«500

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Prepared :'by the 12th Military Geological Detachment

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