18057064 Separate But Equal Project83[1]
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School Integration
Two perspectives of “Sit Ins.”
Legislation
Amendments
• 14th Amendment- rights of citizenship, due process and equal protection of the laws. • 15th Amendment- right to vote regardless on that citizen's race or color.
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1896 legislation creating the idea of “separate but equal”
Three Perspectives of Integration
A Teacher’s Perspective
A Parent’s Perspective
A Student’s Perspective
Colored Schools
Allen Elementary School Greenville County • First Black school in Greenville County • Established by Rev. Charles T. Hopkins in 1866 • Built from materials taken from an abandoned army storehouse • Employed Greenville’s first black teachers (2 white teachers as well)
Students Greenville County
Fountain Inn Greenville County
•1928- First Negro school in Fountain Inn area •Community growth = school additions •1948-1953 became Fountain Inn Colored High School
Flat Rock Greenville County • 4 teachers, 121 pupils • Grades 1-7 • Classrooms need adequate lighting & ventilation
School (Rosenwald)
• Water supply is inadequate School Outhouse
Teachers Greenville County
Sterling High School Greenville County • Established in 1869 • Only public school for blacks in Greenville for years • 1940s - extended grades to 12 years and broadened curriculum
Sense of Pride
Soapstone Pickens County • First Negro school in Pickens; opened in 1870 • School held in this log cabin until it rotted down • Kerosene lamps used for lighting
Built in 1929
• Water from a nearby residence
Brights Station Pickens County • First built in 1902 out of slabs with a rock chimney • used as both a church and a school • 2 room wooden structure erected in 1936 • 1 teacher school, grades 17 • One room used as a classroom; other room used as a kitchen/lunch room
Built in 1936
Second Hand Supplies
Clearview/Simpson Pickens County • 1900- 1927 Privately owned, 1 room structure • Running water but outdoor toilets • Largest Negro school in the county • Accredited in 1944
Clearview Basketball Pickens County
Rosewood
Liberty Jr And SR Colored School
Pickens County • 1906-1968 • Grades 1-8 until 1932 • Became an elementary school in 1954 • Merged with Liberty Elementary in 1969
Holly Springs Pickens County • Log cabin Built in 1899 • Used until 1954 • One teacher, no blackboards, and children sat on homemade benches • Used water from a church well
Greeley Institute Anderson County • Historic site honoring the original location of Greeley Institute • Founded June 14, 1870 • Mostly white teachers in the late 1800’s, then replaced with black teachers • Started by freed slaves through the support of the abolitionist Horace Greeley
Anderson County
Old South Fant Street School Anderson County • Built 1954 to replace the Greeley Institute • Located on 3 acres for the school, plus 2.5 acres for the playground • The current land is used for an early childhood development center
Jefferson Avenue Elementary School Anderson County • Built on the site of the Anderson city dump • Given by the city of Anderson for black education, as it was located in a predominantly black area • Contained 4 teachers, including the teaching principal •Currently houses the Jim Ed Rice Center
Focus on Practical Trades
White Schools
Paris High School Greenville County • First building was a small, two room wooden structure • 1926 - brick building built • 1930 - 235 students & 10 teachers • Up to 11th grade taught until 1949
Greenville Students
Greenville High Greenville County
1941- Number one school in South Carolina
Teachers Greenville County
Pickens Mill Pickens County
• 1926-1953 • Textile school • Progressive school of that time
Easley High School Pickens County • Built in 1894; used until 1940 • Originally combined grade and high school • First class graduated in 1931 • Largest school in Pickens County
Anderson High School Girls School • Built on the original plot that housed the Southern Home School • Southern Home School was a 1 room school built in 1878 for white students •Used 1923 until 1961 • In 1951, “Girls High” changed its name to “Hanna High” after T.L. Hanna • Housed the Anderson County library through the 1990’s • Now home to the Anderson County Museum
Anderson High School Boys School • Opened in 1923 for the education of white males only • Building housed Boys’ High until 1962 • Currently houses the Hanna-Westside extension, offering vocational education classes
Anderson County
A. J. Whittenberg • “The children of our race were brushed aside so long and not getting a proper education. Our children were riding three to four hours every day on buses, and on the way they were passing a lot of white schools to get to the all-Black schools. We just felt they were passing the doors of schools they should be allowed to attend.” -
Integration Legislation
Briggs v. Elliott
• 1952 - Clarendon County, South Carolina suit over school bus transportation • 1954 - Combined with 4 other suits to form Brown v. Board of Education.
Busing video
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
• Overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson. • Unanimous (9-0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
School Integration Begins…
Researched & Presented by Justin Bramblett Amanda Brown Kelsey Darity Dennis Dempsey Nancy Machamer Heather Marion James Palassis Terrence Wilson
Special Thanks To… • Ms. Ruth Ann Butler • Mrs. Nancy Ann Ledford • Mrs. Wilma Jackson • Ms. Rosanne Morris, Dr. Betty McDaniel, & Dr. Henry Hunt-School District of Pickens County
Sources •
http://www.sciway3.net/greenville-historical-schools/index.html
•
https://eastchestermhs.wikispaces.com/segregation+4b?f=print
•
http://img125.imageshack.us/img125/7416/segregatedschool0sc.jpg
•
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3053/3026759596_62bc6c670d.jpg
•
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/documented-rights/exhibit/
•
Famous Greenville Firsts. Researched by Southwest Area Challenge Students; Compiled and edited by Linda Friddle with technical assistance from Leonette Neal. Greenville, SC. 1986.
•
http://www.pickens.lib.sc.us/
•
A History: The Schools of Pickens County. ISBN: 3-2964-00192-7234
•
Images of America: Easley. ISBN: 13-978-0-7385-6706-8
•
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/pickens/S10817739013/index.htm
•
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/pickens/S10817739003/index.htm
•
The Desegregation Decision-One Year Afterwards (Summer 1955) pp. 327-332. Journal of Negro Education. Vol 24. No. 3.
•
A Description of the Buildings and Grounds of the Rural Schools for Negroes in Greenville County. Greenville County Council for Community Development. December 1936.
•
Profiles of Black Folks in Anderson County South Carolina . Gwendolyn Elease Anderson. The Reprint Company, Publishers Spartanburg, SC 1993
•
http://hanna.anderson5.net/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=164
Two perspectives of “Sit Ins.”
Legislation
Amendments
• 14th Amendment- rights of citizenship, due process and equal protection of the laws. • 15th Amendment- right to vote regardless on that citizen's race or color.
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1896 legislation creating the idea of “separate but equal”
Three Perspectives of Integration
A Teacher’s Perspective
A Parent’s Perspective
A Student’s Perspective
Colored Schools
Allen Elementary School Greenville County • First Black school in Greenville County • Established by Rev. Charles T. Hopkins in 1866 • Built from materials taken from an abandoned army storehouse • Employed Greenville’s first black teachers (2 white teachers as well)
Students Greenville County
Fountain Inn Greenville County
•1928- First Negro school in Fountain Inn area •Community growth = school additions •1948-1953 became Fountain Inn Colored High School
Flat Rock Greenville County • 4 teachers, 121 pupils • Grades 1-7 • Classrooms need adequate lighting & ventilation
School (Rosenwald)
• Water supply is inadequate School Outhouse
Teachers Greenville County
Sterling High School Greenville County • Established in 1869 • Only public school for blacks in Greenville for years • 1940s - extended grades to 12 years and broadened curriculum
Sense of Pride
Soapstone Pickens County • First Negro school in Pickens; opened in 1870 • School held in this log cabin until it rotted down • Kerosene lamps used for lighting
Built in 1929
• Water from a nearby residence
Brights Station Pickens County • First built in 1902 out of slabs with a rock chimney • used as both a church and a school • 2 room wooden structure erected in 1936 • 1 teacher school, grades 17 • One room used as a classroom; other room used as a kitchen/lunch room
Built in 1936
Second Hand Supplies
Clearview/Simpson Pickens County • 1900- 1927 Privately owned, 1 room structure • Running water but outdoor toilets • Largest Negro school in the county • Accredited in 1944
Clearview Basketball Pickens County
Rosewood
Liberty Jr And SR Colored School
Pickens County • 1906-1968 • Grades 1-8 until 1932 • Became an elementary school in 1954 • Merged with Liberty Elementary in 1969
Holly Springs Pickens County • Log cabin Built in 1899 • Used until 1954 • One teacher, no blackboards, and children sat on homemade benches • Used water from a church well
Greeley Institute Anderson County • Historic site honoring the original location of Greeley Institute • Founded June 14, 1870 • Mostly white teachers in the late 1800’s, then replaced with black teachers • Started by freed slaves through the support of the abolitionist Horace Greeley
Anderson County
Old South Fant Street School Anderson County • Built 1954 to replace the Greeley Institute • Located on 3 acres for the school, plus 2.5 acres for the playground • The current land is used for an early childhood development center
Jefferson Avenue Elementary School Anderson County • Built on the site of the Anderson city dump • Given by the city of Anderson for black education, as it was located in a predominantly black area • Contained 4 teachers, including the teaching principal •Currently houses the Jim Ed Rice Center
Focus on Practical Trades
White Schools
Paris High School Greenville County • First building was a small, two room wooden structure • 1926 - brick building built • 1930 - 235 students & 10 teachers • Up to 11th grade taught until 1949
Greenville Students
Greenville High Greenville County
1941- Number one school in South Carolina
Teachers Greenville County
Pickens Mill Pickens County
• 1926-1953 • Textile school • Progressive school of that time
Easley High School Pickens County • Built in 1894; used until 1940 • Originally combined grade and high school • First class graduated in 1931 • Largest school in Pickens County
Anderson High School Girls School • Built on the original plot that housed the Southern Home School • Southern Home School was a 1 room school built in 1878 for white students •Used 1923 until 1961 • In 1951, “Girls High” changed its name to “Hanna High” after T.L. Hanna • Housed the Anderson County library through the 1990’s • Now home to the Anderson County Museum
Anderson High School Boys School • Opened in 1923 for the education of white males only • Building housed Boys’ High until 1962 • Currently houses the Hanna-Westside extension, offering vocational education classes
Anderson County
A. J. Whittenberg • “The children of our race were brushed aside so long and not getting a proper education. Our children were riding three to four hours every day on buses, and on the way they were passing a lot of white schools to get to the all-Black schools. We just felt they were passing the doors of schools they should be allowed to attend.” -
Integration Legislation
Briggs v. Elliott
• 1952 - Clarendon County, South Carolina suit over school bus transportation • 1954 - Combined with 4 other suits to form Brown v. Board of Education.
Busing video
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
• Overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson. • Unanimous (9-0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
School Integration Begins…
Researched & Presented by Justin Bramblett Amanda Brown Kelsey Darity Dennis Dempsey Nancy Machamer Heather Marion James Palassis Terrence Wilson
Special Thanks To… • Ms. Ruth Ann Butler • Mrs. Nancy Ann Ledford • Mrs. Wilma Jackson • Ms. Rosanne Morris, Dr. Betty McDaniel, & Dr. Henry Hunt-School District of Pickens County
Sources •
http://www.sciway3.net/greenville-historical-schools/index.html
•
https://eastchestermhs.wikispaces.com/segregation+4b?f=print
•
http://img125.imageshack.us/img125/7416/segregatedschool0sc.jpg
•
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3053/3026759596_62bc6c670d.jpg
•
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/documented-rights/exhibit/
•
Famous Greenville Firsts. Researched by Southwest Area Challenge Students; Compiled and edited by Linda Friddle with technical assistance from Leonette Neal. Greenville, SC. 1986.
•
http://www.pickens.lib.sc.us/
•
A History: The Schools of Pickens County. ISBN: 3-2964-00192-7234
•
Images of America: Easley. ISBN: 13-978-0-7385-6706-8
•
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/pickens/S10817739013/index.htm
•
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/pickens/S10817739003/index.htm
•
The Desegregation Decision-One Year Afterwards (Summer 1955) pp. 327-332. Journal of Negro Education. Vol 24. No. 3.
•
A Description of the Buildings and Grounds of the Rural Schools for Negroes in Greenville County. Greenville County Council for Community Development. December 1936.
•
Profiles of Black Folks in Anderson County South Carolina . Gwendolyn Elease Anderson. The Reprint Company, Publishers Spartanburg, SC 1993
•
http://hanna.anderson5.net/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=164
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