1777.docx

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Respiratory Organs; Respiration in Lower Organisms Respiratory Organs of most of the aquatic arthropods and molluscs are ie (1) gills (2) lungs. (3) skin. 2. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option. Column- 1

Column-II

(a) Earthworms

(i) Network of tubes

(b) Aquatic arthropods

(ii) Lungs

(c) Molluscs

(iii)

(d) Terrestrial organisms

(iv) Moist cuticle

Gills

(e) Insects

(1) (a) - (i); (b) - (ii); (c) - (iii); (d) - (iv); (e) - (iii) (2) (a) - (iv); (b) - (iii); (c) - (iii); (d) - (ii); (e) - (i) (3) (a) - (iv); (b) - (ii); (c) - (i); (d) - (iii); (e) - (iii) (4) (a) - (iv); (b) - (ii); (c) - (iii); (d) - (i); (e) - (iii) 3. The gas exchange surface in an earthworm is (1) tracheae. (2) gills. (3) skin. (4) ctenidia. 4. Select the total number of organisms from the following which respire through their body

(1) Four (2) Five (3) Six (4) Eight

5. Which group of animals respires through lungs? (1) Earthworm and insects (2) Sponges, coelenterates and flatworms (3) Fishes and aquatic arthropods (4) Reptiles, birds and mammals Human Respiratory Organs and Respiratory System 6. Which part of the brain regulates respiration? (1) Hypothalamus (2) Cerebral cortex (3) Medulla (4) Satiety centre 7. On an average, a healthy human breathes ________ times/minute. (1) 18-20 (2) 12-16 (3) 70-72 (4) 6-12 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE 8. Mark the correct statement. (a) Alveoli are thin, irregular walled and vascularised bag like structures. (b) Inner pleura! membrane is in contact with thoracic lining. (c) Larynx is a cartilaginous box. (1) (a)and(b) (2) (a)and(c) (3) (a), (b) and (c) (4) Only (a) 9. Conduction part of human respiratory system helps in (a) transport of atmospheric air to alveoli. (b) clears it from foreign particles. humidifies and also brings air to body temperature. (1) (a)and(b) (3) (a), (b) and (c) (2) (a)and(c) (4) Only(c) 10. During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called (a) to prevent the entry of food into larynx. Trachea is a straight tube extending upto (b] cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into right and left primary (c) . (1) (a) - epiglottis; (b) - bronchi; (c) bronchioles

(2) (a) - epiglottis; (b) - mid thoracic;(c) bronchi (3) (a) - epiglottis; (b) - hind thoracic;(c) bronchi (4) (a) - epiglottis; (b) - pre thoracic; (c) bronchi 11. Hiccups can be best described as (1) jerky incomplete expiration. (2) jerky incomplete inspiration. (3) vibration of the soft palate during breathing. (4) sign of indigestion. 12. An (a) in the pulmonary volume, (b) the intrapulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure which forces the air from (c) to move into the lungs, that is, (d) (1) (a) - increase; (b) - decrease; (c) outside; (d) - expiration (2) (a) - decrease; (b) - increase; (c) outside; (d) - expiration (3) (a)-decrease;(b)-increase;(c)-inside;(d)inspiration (4) (a)-increase; (b)-decrease; (c)-outside; (d)-inspiration 13. During forced expiration, actively contracting muscles include, (1) diaphragm. (2) external intercostals. (3) internal inter costal and abdominal muscles. (4) diaphragm and intestinal muscle. 14. Which has the smallest diameter? (1) Right primary bronchus (2) Left primary bronchus ; . (3) Trachea (4) Respiratory bronchiole 15. The urge to inhale in humans results from (1) rising pCO2. (2) rising pO2. (3) falling pCO2. 4) falling pO2. 16. Pick the correct statement. (1) Contraction of internal inter costal muscles lift up the ribs and sternum. (2) RBCs transport oxygen only. (3) Thoracic cavity is anatomically an air tight chamber. (4) During expiration, the intrapulmonary pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure.

17. The type of tissue lining the nasal passage, bronchioles and fallopian tubes is (1) cuboidal epithelium. (2) columnar ciliated epithelium. . (3) germinal epithelium. (4) stratified columnar epithelium. 18. Which one protects the lungs? (1) Ribs (2) Vertebral column (3) Sternum (4) All of these 19. At die time of expiration, diaphragm becomes (1) oblique. (2) normal. (3) flattened. (4) dome shaped. 20. Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to presence of (1) Na+ (2) Mg2+ (3) Ca2+ (4) K+ 21. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II (a) Larynx

(i) Lid of larynx

(b) Trachea

(ii) Air sacs

(c) Alveoli

(iii) Voice box

(d) Epiglottis (iv) Wind pipe (v) Common passage (1) (a) - (iii); (b) - (iv); (c) - (ii); (d) - (i) (2) (a) - (v); (b) - (iv); (c) - (i); (d) - (ii) (3) (a) - (iii); (b) - (iv); (c) - (ii); (d) - (v) (4) (a) - (iii); (b) - (v); (c) - (ii); (d) - (i) 22. In lungs, air is separated from venous blood by (1) squamous epithelium and tunica externa of blood vessel. (2) squamous epithelium and endothelium of blood vessel. (3) transitional epithelium and tunica media of blood vessel. (4) columnar epithelium and three layered wall of blood vessel. 23. Inhalation and exhalation of air is called (1) respiration. (2) aspiration. (3) breathing. (4) cellular respiration.

24. Expiration involves (1) relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. (2) contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. (3) contraction of diaphragm muscles. (4) contraction of intercostal muscles. 25. Each lung is enclosed in a double membrane called pleura. The membrane which closely covers the lung is (1) lung pleura. (2) visceral pleura. (3) peritoneal pleura(4) parietal pleura. 26. Among mammals, the efficiency of ventilation of lungs as compared to reptiles and birds is better developed by the presence of (1) ribs and costal muscles. (2) only ribs. (3) only costal muscles. (4) diaphragm. 27. If the thoracic wall but not the lungs is punctured (1) the lungs get inflated. (2) the man dies as the lungs get Collapsed. (3) the breathing rate decreases. (4) the breathing rate increases. 28. The impulse for voluntary muscles for forced breathing starts in (1) medulla oblongata. (3) cerebellum. (2) vagus nerve. (4) cerebrum. 29. The process of respiration is concerned with (1) intake of O2 (2) liberation of O2. (3) liberation of CO2. (4) liberation of energy. 30. Number of alveoli present in human lungs is (1) 7-10 million. (2) 70-100 million. (3) 300-400 million. (4) 700-800 million. 31. Vocal cords are attached with (1) cricoid. (2) arytenoid. (3) thyroid and arytenoid. (4) None of these. 32. The alveolar epithelium in the lung is (1) non-ciliated columnar. (2) non-ciliated squamous. (3) ciliated columnar. (4) ciliated squamous.

33. What percentage of CO2 is present as carbonic acid in blood? (1) 7% (2) 70% (3) 23% (4) 27% 34. Adam's apple represents (1) arytenoid cartilage of larynx. . (2) cricoid cartilage of larynx. (3) thyroid cartilage of larynx. (4) All of these. ; 35. Pneumotaxic centre is present in (1) cerebrum. (2) cerebellum. (3) medulla oblongata. (4) pons varolii. 36. Which is the correct sequence of the air passage in man? (1) Nasal cavity ~> Pharynx -» Trachea -» Larynx -» Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli (2) Nasal cavity -» Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea Bronchi -» Bronchioles -> Alveoli (3) Nasal cavity -> Larynx -> Pharynx -> Trachea Bronchi -» Bronchioles -» Alveoli (4) Nasal cavity -> Larynx -» Bronchi -»• Pharynx -> Trachea -» Bronchioles -> Alveoli 37. Which animal among the following respires via the buccal cavity, moist skin and lungs? (1) Sycon (2) Hydra (3) Earthworm (4) Frog 38. Epiglottis is made up of (1) fibrous cartilage. (2) hyaline cartilage. (3) elastic cartilage (4) calcified cartilage. 39. Covering of the lungs is called (1) perichondrium. (2) pleural membrane. (3) pericardium. (4) peritoneum. 40. Read the following statements: (aj It is double layered and covers and lungs. (b) Outer layer is in contact with thoracic wall. (c) Fluid is present between these layers. (d) Inner layer is in contact with lungs. The above features refer to (1) pericardium. (2) peritoneum. (3) perichondrium. (4) pleura. 41. At which level of thoracic vertebra, trachea divides? (1) 2nd thoracic vertebra

(2) 3rd thoracic vertebra (3) 4th thoracic vertebra (4) 5th thoracic vertebra 42.______ is the site of actual diffusion of O2 and CO2, between the blood and atmospheric air. (1) All bronchi (2) All bronchioles (3) All bronchi and terminal bronchioles (4) Alveoli and their ducts 43. Select the incorrect statement from the following. (1) Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface. (2) The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing, as we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume. (3) The trachea, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, and initial bronchioles are supported by complete cartilaginous rings. (4) During swallowing glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx. 44. Receptors associated with aortic and carotid artery can recognise changes in _______ and _______ concentration and send necessary signals to _______ for remedial action. (1) O2; CO2; pneumotaxic (2) CO2; H+; rhythm centre ' (3) CO2; H+ apneustic centre (4) O2; H+; pneumotaxic 45. Controlling centre of normal breathing in mammals lies in (1) cerebrum. (2) cerebellum. (3) midbrain. (4) medulla oblongata. 46. Which is correct about nasopharynx? (1) Internal nostrils open into nasopharynx. (2) It is the common passage for both air and food. (3) It opens through gullet of the larynx region into the trachea. (4) All of these.

47. Read the following statements. Statement 1: Males produce low pitch voice. Statement 2: Vocal cords of males are thicker and longer due to influence of androgens. (1) Both the statements are true. (2) Both the statements are false. (3) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false. (4) Statement 2 is true and statement 1 is false. 48. Lungs have a large number of alveoli for (1) having spongy texture and proper shape. (2) more surface area for diffusion of gases, (3) more space for increasing volume of inspired air. (4) .more nerve supply. 49. What are the characteristic of ah/soli? (1) Very thin, irregular walled and highly vascularised (2) Thick and smooth membrane (3) Network of blood capillaries and thick-walled (4) Thick, regular walled and lack of blood vessels 50. Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure which separates (1) coelomic cavity from pelvic cavity. (2) pleural cavity from thoracic cavity. (3) thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity, (4) pelvic cavity from abdominal cavity. 51. Which are the three main layers that form the diffusion membrane? (1) Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli, basement membrane of bronchioles and basement substance. (2) Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli, endothelium of alveolar capillaries and the basement substance, (3) Basement substance, cuboidal epithelium of alveoli and stratified epithelium of bronchiole. (4) Ciliated epithelium of trachea, endothelium of capillaries and basement substance.

52. Skin of man cannot act as respiratory organ because (1) it is dry. (2) it is not thin. • , (3) it is not permeable to O2 and CO2. (4) All of these. 53. Adam's apple is another name for (1) sound box in birds. (2) sound box in man. (3) epiglottis. (4) thyroid cartilage. 54. In thoracic cavity of man which one is present? (1) Lungs only (2) Lungs and heart (3) Lungs, heart and stomach (4) Heart only Mechanism of Breathing 55. During inspiration (1) contraction of diaphragm increases the volume of thoracic cage in dorsoventral plane. (2) contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up ribs and the sternum causing an increase in volume of thoracic chamber in the dorsoventral axis. (3) contraction of muscles of diaphragm decreases volume of thoracic cage. (4) contraction of internal intercostal muscles increases volume of thoracic cage. 56. Arrange the following steps in order of their happening: (a) Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out (b) Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane (c) Transport of gases by blood (d) Diffusion of 02 and CO2 between blood and tissues (1) (b),(a),(c),(d) (2) (d),(b), (c), (a) (3) (b), (c), (a), (d) (4) (a), (b), (c), (d) 57.Oxygen carried by blood is liberated in (1) arteries. (2) capillaries of body. (3) capillaries of lungs. (4) heart. 58.Respiratory centre of brain is stimulated by (1) carbon dioxide content in venous blood. (2) carbon dioxide content in arterial blood.

(3) oxygen content in venous blood. (4) oxygen content in arterial blood. 59.Hering-Breuer reflex is related to (1) effect of pH on respiratory centre. (2) effect of CO2 on respiratory centre. (3) effect of air pressure on respiratory centre. (4) effect of temperature on respiratory centre. 60.If a man from sea coast goes to Everest peak then (1) his breathing and heartbeat will increase. (2) his breathing and heartbeat will decrease. (3) his respiratory rate will decrease. (4) his heartbeat will decrease. 61.Low pressure of oxygen in blood alone causes (1) no change in breathing rate. (2) an increase in breathing rate. (3) a decrease in breathing rate. (4) fluctuating rate. 62.On removing one of the two lungs in a human (1) the person can live a normal life. (2) the person dies within a year. (3) the person dies within a month. (4) the person dies within 24 hours. 63. Oxygen is utilised by the organisms to _______ breakdown nutrient molecules like glucose and to derive energy for performing various activities. (1) directly (2) indirectly (3) incompletely (4) Any of these 64. During inspiration, (1) diaphragm and external intercostals muscle relax. (2) diaphragm and internal intercostals muscle relax. (3) diaphragm and external intercostals muscle contract. (4) diaphragm and internal intercostals muscle relax. 65. Which two of the following changes (a)(d) usually tend to occur in plain dwellers when they move to higher altitudes (3500 m or more)? (a) Increase in red blood cell size (b) Increase in red blood cell production

(c) Increase in breathing rate (d) Increase in thrombocyte count (1) Both fc) and (d) (2) Both (a) and (d) (3) Both (c) and (b) (4) Both (b) and (c) 66. Arrange the following steps of respiration properly: (a) Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 is released. (b) Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane. (c) Transport of gases by the blood. (d) Diffusion of O2, and CO2 between blood and tissues. (e) Utilization of O2, by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2, (1) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) (2) (a), (c), (b), (e), (d) (3) (e), (d), (c), (a), (b) (4) (c), (d), (e), (b), (a) 67. On an average, a healthy human infant (newly born baby) breathes how many times in a minute? (1) 20-40 (2) 72-75 (3) 3-5 (4) 30-35 68. Select the incorrect statement from the following. (1) Diffusion of O2 occurs from alveoli to tissue. (2) Diffusion of CO2 occurs from tissue to alveoli. (3) Amount of CO2 diffuse through membrane is higher than that of O2. (4) Partial pressure of O2 is higher in pulmonary artery than that of pulmonary vein. 69. What is correct about human respiration? (1) About 90% of CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as car-baminohaemoglobin. (2) Neural signals from pnemotaxic centre of pons can increase duration of Inspiration. (3) Workers in grinding and stone breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis. (4) Cigarette smoking leads to inflammation of bronchi. 70. Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

(1) One can breathe out air totally without oxygen. (2) One can breathe out air through Eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth. (3) One can consciously breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone without moving the ribs at all. (4) The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them. 71. Mark the correct statement from the following. (1) Trachea rings are of hyaline cartilage. (2) Dorsal side of thoracic chamber is formed by sternum. (3) Expiration occurs when there is negative pressure in lungs. (4) All of these. THING AND EXCHANGE 72. The blood leaving the lungs has all its haemoglobin oxygenated and gives up oxygen to the tissues because (1) the tissue can absorb O2 from xyhaemoglobin. (2) O2 concentration in tissues is lower and CO2 concentration is higher as compared to lungs. (3) O2 concentration in tissues is higher and CO2 concentration is lower as compared to lungs. (4) oxyhaemoglobin undergoes reduction. 73. Which of the following statements about the mechanism of ventilation/breathing is false? (1) As the diaphragm relaxes, air is expelled from the respiratory system. (2) During inspiration, the lungs act as suction pump. (3) Inspiration is a passive and expiration is an active process. (4) For quiet breathing external intercostal muscles and diaphragm play an important role. 74. Inspiration occurs when there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. This negative pressure is achieved when (1) imrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure.

(2) intrapubnonary pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure. (3) intrapulmonary pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. (4) intrapulmonary pressure becomes more than the intraalveolar pressure. 75. Respiration involves following steps: (a) Diffusion of gases O2 and CO2 across alveolar membrane. (b) Transport of gases by blood. (c) Utilisation of O2 by cell for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2. (d) Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out. (e) Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues. The correct sequence of steps is (1) (a) -> (b) -> (c) -> (d) -> (e) ' (2) (e)-> (d)-> (c)-> (b)-> (a) (3) (d) -> (a) -> (b)-> (e)-> (c) (4) (c) -> (b) -> (e) -> (a) -> (d) 76. Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to mechanism of breathing? (1) Movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere. (2) Inspiration is initiated by contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber. (3) The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing decrease in the volume of thoracic chamber. (4) On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times per minute. 77. Tick mark the incorrect statement. (1) Every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 mL of CO2 to the alveoli. (2) Carbonic anhydrase is present in very high concentration in RBC. (3) High pCO2 and low pO2 in tissues help in binding of carbon dioxide. (4) CO2 is carried in haemoglobin as carboxyhaemo-globin.

78. What is the last step involved in respiration? (1) Diffusion of gases (2) Breathing (3) Utilisation of O2 by body cells and resultant release of CO2 (4) Transport of gases 79. Inspiration occurs when intrapulmonary pressure is (1) higher than atmospheric pressure. (2) lower than atmospheric pressure. (3) equal to atmospheric pressure. (4) zero compared to atmospheric pressure. Which muscles help us to increase the strength of inspiration and expiration? (1) Cardiac muscles (2) Abdominal muscles (3) Internal intercostal muscles (4) Both (2) and (3) 81. During inspiration, the volume of thoracic cavity increases because of (1) contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. (2) relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. (3) contraction of diaphragm and relaxation of external intercostal muscles. (4) relaxation of diaphragm and contraction of external intercostal muscles. 82. Pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of respiratory rhythm centre by (1) reducing the duration of inspiration. (2) increasing the duration of inspiration only. (3) first increasing and then reducing the duration of expiration. (4) increasing the duration of expiration only. Respiratory Volume; Respiratory Capacities 83. What volume of oxygen is transported to the tissues by one litre of blood under normal conditions? (1)150 mL (2) 50 mL (3) 200 mL (4) 100 mL

84. What is the functional residual capacity (FRC) in an adult human being? (1) 3000 mL (2) 2500 mL (3) 150mL (4) 500 mL 85. In the given box value of (a), (b) and (c) are respectively

(1) 0.3,40 and 45 (3) 0.3,45 and 40 (2) 40,45 and 0.3 (4) 40, 0.3 and 45 86. Total lung capacity (TLC) - Functional residual capacity (FRC) = (1) Expiratory capacity (EC) (2) Inspiratory capacity (1C) (3) Residual volume (RV) (4) Tidal volume (TV) 87. What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (1) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher (2) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser (3) pO2 higher, pCO2 higher (4) pO2 lesser, pCO2 lesser 88. Every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately _______ of CO2 to the alveoli. (1) 2.2 Ml(2)1.3Ml (3) 19.4 mL (4)4mL 89. ERV is about (1) 1000-1100 mL (3) 500-800 mL (2) 2500-3000 mL (4) 6000-8000 mL 90. Dead space air in man is (1) 500 mL (2) 150 mL (3) 250 mL (4) 1.5 L 91. Whether a child died after normal birth or died before birth can be confirmed by measuring (1) tidal volume of air. (2) residual volume of air. (3) the weight of the child. (4) the dead space air. 92. Arrange the following in the order of increasing volume. (a) Tidal volume (b) Residual volume (c) Inspiratory reserve volume (d) Vital capacity (1)(a)<(b)<(c)<(d) (2) (a)<(c)<(b)<(d)

(3) (a)<(d)<(c)<(b) (4) (a)<(d)<(b)<(c) 93. Hamburger shift is also known as (1) bicarbonate shift. (2) chloride shift. (3) potassium shift. (4) All of these. 94. Vital capacity of our lungs is equal to (1) inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume. (2) total lung capacity minus residual volume. (3) inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume. (4) total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume. 95. Which one has the lowest value? (1) Tidal volume (2) Vital capacity (3) Inspired reserve volume (4) Expired reserve volume 96. Residual air mostly occurs in (1) alveoli. (2) bronchus. (3) nostrils. (4) trachea. 97. Minimum concentration and pressure of CO in alveoli of lungs that would be dangerous to man (1) 1%;0.7mm Hg. (2) 0-4%; 0-7 mm Hg (3) 2-7% ; 0-4 mm Hg (4) 0-3%; 0-4 mm Hg 98. After deep inspirationf capacity of maximum expiration of lung is called (1) total lung capacity. (2) functional residual capacity. (3) vital capacity. (4) inspiratory capacity. 99. Extra pulmonary or intraplural pressure during resting phase is (1) 4mmHg. (2) lOmmHg. (3) 40mmHg. (4) lOOmmHg. 100. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option.

Column- Column-II I (a) Tidal (i) Tidal volume and inspiratory volume reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume (b) (ii) Additional volume of air Inspirat reserve volume a person can ory inspire by a forcible inspiration reserve volume {c) (iii) Volume of air remaining Expirato reserve volume in the lungs even ry after a forcible expiration reserve volume

101. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option. Column-I Column 11 (a) Tidal volume (i) 2500-3000 ml of air (b) Inspiratory reserve volume

(ii) 1000-1100 ml of air

(c) Expiratory reserve volume

(iii) 500 ml of air

(d) Residual volume

(iv) 3500-4600 of air

(e) Vital capacity (v) 1100-1200 ml of air

(d) (iv) Tidal volume and inspiratory Residual reserve volume volume (e) (v) Volume of air inspired or Inspirat reserve capacity expired during a ory normal respiration capacity Column- Column-11 I (f) Vital (vi) Vital capacity + capacity residual volume (g) Total lung

(vii) Additional volume of air capacity a person can expire by a forcible expiration

(1) (a) - (v); (b) - (iii); (c) - (ii); (d) - (vii); (e) - (iv); (2) (a) - (v); (b) - (vii); (c) - (ii); (d) - (iii); (e) - (i); (3) (a) - (v); (b) - (iii); (c) - (vii); (d) - (ii); (e) - (iv); (4) (a) - (v); (b) - (ii); (c) - (vii); (d) - (iii); (e) - (iv); (f) -(i); (g) - (vi)

(1) (a)-(iii);(b)-(iv);(c)-(ii);(d)-(i);(e)-(v) (2) (a)-(iii);(b) -(i);(c)-(ii) (d) - (v); (e)-(iv) (3) (a) - (iii); (b)-(i); (c)-(iv);(d)-(v);(e) -(ii) (4) (a)-(v);(b)-(i);(c)-(ii);(d)-(v);(e)-(iv) 102. EC (expiratory capacity) is equal to (1) ERV + TV (2) IRV+TV (3) VC + RV (4) ERV + TV+IRV 103. The vital capacity of adult human lungs is equal to (1) the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. (2) the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced expiration. (3) ERV + TV + IRV. (4) All of these. 104. Different respiratory volumes are given as follows: (a) Tidal volume = 500 mL (b) Residual volume = 1000 mL (c) Inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL (d) Expiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL The functional residual capacity (FRC) is (1) 3500 mL (2) 2000 mL (3) 600 mL (4) 3000 mL

105. The air found in the air passage and which does not participate in the exchange of gases is (1) vital capacity. (2) tidal volume. (3) residual volume.(4) dead air space. 106. Which of the following volume is not included in vital capacity? (1) ERV (2) TV (3) IRV (4) RV 107.If a person exhales out forcefully by applying all his efforts. What will be the pulmonary volume inhaled by him immediately under normal condition without applying any extra effort? (1) TV + IRV (2) Only TV (3) TV + ERV (4) TV + IRV + ERV Exchange of Gases; Transport of Gases (02 and C02) 108. Gaseous exchange from blood to tissue occurs through (1) co-transport. (2) active transport. (3) simple diffusion. (4) facilitated diffusion. 109. Haemoglobin would be completely free from O2 at _______of pO2. (1) 30 mm of Hg (2) 95 mm of Hg (3) O(Zero) (4) 50 mm of Hg 110. In normal conditions, how many mL of CO2 is transported per 100 mL of blood? (1) 3.7 mL (2) 2.4 mL (3) 0.3 mL (4) None of these 111. Bohr's curve shifts to right side at (1) pCO2. (2) pO2 (3) temperature. (4) None of these. 112. Combination of haemoglobin with O2 in lungs can be promoted by (1) increasing CO2 concentration in blood. (2) increasing O2 concentration in blood. (3) decreasing O2 concentration in blood. (4) introducing CO in blood. 113. What will happen if the blood becomes acidic? (1) Association of O2 and Hb will increase. (2) RBC formation will increase. (3) Association of O2 and Hb will decrease.

(4) Neither O2 association nor RBC number will increase. 114. The movement of chloride ions in chloride shift is (1) from plasma into RBC. (2) from RBC into plasma. (3) from RBC into WBC. (4) from WBC into plasma.

153. Which of the following statements about the partial pressure of CO2 is true? (1) It is higher in alveoli than in pulmonary artery. (2) It is higher in the systemic arteries than in tissues, j (3) It is higher in systemic veins than in systemic arteries. (4) It is higher in the pulmonary veins than in pulmonary arteries. 154. Partial pressures (in mm Hg) of O2 in atmospheric air, alveoli deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood and tissues are respectively (1) 40,95,40, 104 and 159. (2) 104,40,40, 95 and 159. (3) 153,104,40,95 and 40. (4) 195,104, 95, 40 and 40. 155. In comparison to solubility of O2 in blood, the solubility of CO2is (1) 20-25 times lesser. (2) slightly higher. (3) slightly greater. (4) 20-25 times higher 156. A sizeable portion of bicarbonate passes out into the plasma in return for chloride (Cl-. It is called (1) chloride shift. (2) Bohr's effect. (3) Haldane effect. (4) Pertussis. 157. Which of the following would have the same O2 content? (1) Blood entering the lungs - Blood leaving the lungs (2) Blood entering the right side of the heart - Blood leaving the right side of the heart (3) Blood entering the right side of the heart - Blood leaving the left side of the heart (4) Blood entering the tissue capillaries Blood leaving the tissue capillaries

158. The transport of CO2 by the blood is primarily dependent on (1) the solubility of CO3 in blood. (2) the presence of carbonic anhydrase in RBCs. (3) the ability of haemoglobin to bind and transport C02. (4) the ability of other blood proteins. 159. _ is shift of oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve by changes in blood carbon dioxide. (1) Haldane effect (2) Bohr effect (3) Hamburger's phenomenon (4) Chloride shift 160. Under normal physiological conditions, every 100 mL of oxygenated blood delivers about (a) of O2 to the (b) and every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers about fc) of CO, to the (d) (1) (a) - 4 mL; (b) - tissues; (c) - 5 mL; (d) alveoli (2) (a) - 5 mL; (b) - tissues; (c) - 4 mL; (d) alveoli (3) (a) - 4 mL; (b) - alveoli; (c) - 5 mL; (d) tissues . (4) (a) - 5 mL; (b) - alveoli; (c) - 4 mL; (d) - tissues * 161. People who have migrated from the planes to an area adjoining Rohtang pass about six months back (1) have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to O2. (2) are not physically fit to play games like football. (3) suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue, etc. (4) have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to O2. 162. Which of the following statements is incorrect about transport of gases? (1) About 97% of Oz is transported by RBCs in the blood. (2) Three percent of O2 is carried in dissolved state in the plasma. (3) About 20-25% of CO2 is transported by RBCs in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin.

(4) 70% carbon dioxide is carried in dissolved state in plasma. 163. Which of the following can activate the chemo-sensi-tive area situated adjacent to the rhythm centre? (1) High CO2 concentration, less hydrogen ion concentration (2) High CO2 and high hydrogen concentration (3) Less CO2 and high H* ion concentration (4) Less CO., and less H+ ion concentration 164. A graph is plotted between pO2 and percentage saturation of Hb with O2. It is known as (1) O2 association curve. (2) CO2-O2 dissociation curve. (3) O2 dissociation curve. (4) CO2~O2 association curve. Regulation of Respiration; Disorders of Respiratory System 165. When Oz is inadequate during respiration, the condition is called (1) anoxia. (2) pleurisy. (3) asphyxia. (4) hypoxia. 166. The impulse for the deep breathing originates from the (1) medulla oblongata. (2) cerebrum. (3) cerebellum. (4) diencephalon. 167. The disease asthma is caused by (1) infection in trachea. (2) infection in lungs. (3) spasm in branchial muscles. (4) infection in diaphragm. f-168. Anoxia is a condition when (1) lungs collapse. (2) lungs get inflated. (3) respiratory centre is inhibited. (4) lungs get damaged due to some disease. 169. Mark only the occupational lung diseases. (1) Silicosis (2) Asbestosis (3) Pneumonia (4) Both (1) and (2) 170. Lack of pulmonary surfactant produces (1) asthma. (2) enphysema. (3) cystic fibrosis. *' (4) respiratory distress syndrome. 171. Hypoxia corresponds to

(1) any change in the relative rates of development of different cell lines in body. (2) deficiency of oxygen in body tissues. (3) hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries. (4) sudden interruption of blood flow to a portion of brain due to blockage of cerebral blood vessel. 172. CO is more toxic than CO2 because it (1) damages lungs. (2) forms acid with water. (3) affects the nervous system. (4) reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin. 173. Increased rate of breathing is also called (1) apnea. (2) eupnea. (3) hyperpnea. (4) hypopnea. 174. Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Eupnea is slow breathing. (2) Cyanosis means collapse of alveoli, (3) Coryza (common cold) is caused by human corona virus. (4) None of these. 175. Emphysema is a condition in which (1) respiratory centre is inhibited. (2) lot of fluid is collected in the lungs. (3) the walls separating the alveoli break. (4) lungs have more Or 176. Lack of oxygen in arterial blood in called (1) anoxaemia. (2) anoxia. (3) asphyxia. (4) apnoea. 177. Wheezing sound is produced in (1) asthma. (2) emphysema. (3) silicosis. (4) pneumonia. 178. Major cause of emphysema is (1) cigarette smoking. (2) allergy. (3) wine consumption. (4) viral infection. 179. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option. Column-I Column-II (a) Asthma

(i) Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

(b) (ii) Chronic Emphyse disorder in which ma alveolar walls are

damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased (c) Occupati onal diseases

(iii) Long exposure of respiratory disorders chemicals can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues)

(1) (a)-(i);(b)-(ii);(c)-(iii) (2) (a)-(ii);(b)-(i);(c)-(iii) (3) (a)-(iii);(b)-(i);Cc)-(ii) (4) (a)-(iii);(b)-(ii);(c)-(i) 180. Which of the following is incorrect about occupational respiratory disorder? (1) It occurs in some industries, especially those involving grinding or stone breaking. (2) Long exposure in such industries leads to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues). (3) Workers in such industries can be protected from these disorders by wearing protective masks. (4) It is an allergic disease always. 181. Asthma is caused by (1) infection of lungs. (2) infection of trachea. (3) spasm in bronchial muscles. (4) infection in nose. 182. Hypoxia is the condition in which less O2 becomes available to the tissues. This may be due to (1) lesser 0, in the atmosphere. (2) more CO in the air. (3) less RBC in the blood. (4) All of these. 183. Emphysema is characterised by (1) permanent enlargement and destruction of alveolar area leading to reduction in respiratory surface. (2) inhibition of respiratory centre. (3) accumulation of fluid in lungs. (4) spasm of muscles of trachea. 184. Why do human beings have difficulty in breathing at high elevations?

(1) O2 makes up lower percentage of air there. (2) The temperature is lower there. (3) The barometric pressure is higher there. (4) pO2 is lower there. BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES i 168. Anoxia is a condition when (1) lungs collapse. (2) lungs get inflated. (3) respiratory centre is inhibited. (4) lungs get damaged due to some disease. 169. Mark only the occupational lung diseases. (1) Silicosis (2) Asbestosis (3) Pneumonia (4) Both (1) and (2) 170. Lack of pulmonary surfactant produces (1) asthma. (2) enphysema. (3) cystic fibrosis. ' . (4) respiratory distress syndrome. 171. Hypoxia corresponds to (1) any change in the relative rates of development of different cell lines in body. (2) deficiency of oxygen in body tissues. (3) hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries. (4) sudden interruption of blood flow to a portion of brain due to blockage of cerebral blood vessel. 172. CO is more toxic than CO2 because it (1) damages lungs. (2) forms acid with water. (3) affects the nervous system. (4) reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin. 173. Increased rate of breathing is also called (1) apnea. (2) eupnea. (3) hyperpnea. (4) hypopnea. 174. Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Eupnea is slow breathing. (2) Cyanosis means collapse of alveoli. (3) Coryza (common cold) is caused by human corona virus. (4) None of these. 175. Emphysema is a condition in which (1) respiratory centre is inhibited.

(2) lot of fluid is collected in the lungs. (3) the walls separating the alveoli break. (4) lungs have more O2. 176. Lack of oxygen in arterial blood in called (1) anoxaemia. (2) anoxia. (3) asphyxia. (4) apnoea. 177. Wheezing sound is produced in (1) asthma. (2) emphysema. (3) silicosis. (4) pneumonia. 178. Major cause of emphysema is (1) cigarette smoking. (2) allergy. (3) wine consumption. (4) viral infection. 179. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option. •• Column-I Column-II (a) Asthma

(i) Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

(b) (ii) Chronic Emphyse disorder in which ma alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased (c) Occupati onal diseases

(iii) Long exposure of respiratory disorders chemicals can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues)

(1) (a)- Ei ; : ' (i);(b)-( (2) (a){ii);(b)(3) (a)(iii);(b)180. Which of the following is incorrect about occupational respiratory disorder?

(1) It occurs in some industries, especially those involving grinding or stone breaking. (2) Long exposure in such industries leads to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues). (3) Workers in such industries can be protected from these disorders by wearing protective masks. (4) It is an allergic disease always. 181. Asthma is caused by (1) infection of lungs. (2) infection of trachea. (3) spasm in bronchial muscles. (4) infection in nose. 182. Hypoxia is the condition in which less O, becomes available to the tissues. This may be due to (1) lesser O2 in the atmosphere. (2) more CO in the air. (3) less RBC in the blood. (4) All of these. 183. Emphysema is characterised by (1) permanent enlargement and destruction of alveolar area leading to reduction in respiratory surface. (2) inhibition of respiratory centre. (3) accumulation of fluid in lungs. (4) spasm of muscles of trachea. 184. Why do human beings have difficulty in breathing at high elevations? (1) O2 makes up lower percentage of air there. (2) The temperature is lower there. (3) The barometric pressure is higher there. (4) pO2 is lower there. 185. Which of the following is not an occupational disease? (1) Silicosis (2) Asbestosis ^ (3) SARS (4) Pneumoconiosis r 186. Occupational disease are characterised by fibrosis of lungs in (1) upper part. (2) lower part. (3) base of lungs. (4) mediastinum. 187. The blue baby syndrome results from (1) excess of total dissolved solids. (2) excess of chloride. (3) methaemoglobin. (4) excess of dissolved oxygen. Miscellaneous

188. The functional unit of lungs and liver are respectively (1) trachea and hepatic lobule. (2) alveolous and hepatic cells. (3) bronchus and hepatic cells. (4) alveolous and hepatic lobule. 189. Which two of the following statements (a)-(d) are correct? (a) Inspiratory or dorsal centre is found in the spinal cord and controls expiration. (b) Expiratory or ventral centre is found in the medulla and controls expiration. (c) Pneumotaxic centre is found in the pons and it co-ordinates inspiration and expiration. (1) (b)and(c) (2) (a) and (c) (3) (a)and(b) (4) All of these 190. Pleura is . _ membrane which produces (2) serous; emphysema (4) parietal; apnea watery fluid. Pleurisy is generally due to bacterial in fection and is notable in _______ infection. (1) serous; TB (3) infectious; asthma 191. Hb of human foetus (1) has only 2 protein subunits instead of 4. (2) has a higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adult. (3) has lower affinity for oxygen than that of an adult. (4) has equal affinity for oxygen as that of an adult. 192. Which is true about RBCs in humans? (1) They carry about 20-25% of CO2. (2) They transport 99.5% O2. (3) They do not carry CO. at all. (4) They transport about 80% O2 only and the rest 20% oxygen is transported in dissolved state in blood plasma. 193. What is the common element in haemoglobin and myoglobin? (1) Fe (2) Gu (3) Mn (4) Mg ' 194. Stem cell and Phagocytic cells of lungs are, respectively (1) Dust cells and Clara cells. (2) Rima cells and Clara cells. (3) Clara cells and Dust cells. -

(4) Dust cells and Rima cells. 195. Mark the incorrect statement in the following. (1) Diffusion membrane is made up of three major layers. (2) Solubility of CO2 is higher than O2 by 25 times. (3) Breathing volumes are estimated by spirometer. (4) High concentration of hydrogen ions favours ox-yhaemoglobin formation. 196. The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals are governed by (1) muscular wall of lung. (2) diaphragm. (3) coastal muscles. (4) Both {2} and (3) 197. When we breathe in, we inhale many gases, including oxygen. What happens to the gases that the body cannot use? (1) They are exhaled. (2) They are changed into oxygen by the lungs. (3) They are circulated through the body and are disposed off later. (4) They are absorbed into the digestive system and used to create energy. 198. The haemoglobin of a human foetus (1) has higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adult. (2) has lower affinity for oxygen than that of an adult. (3) has same affinity for oxygen as that of an adult. (4) has two protein sub-units instead of four. 199. Which instrument helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary functions? (1) Sphygmomanometer (2) Stethoscope (3) Spirometer [4) Electrocardiograph 200. Which of the following does not shift oxyhaemoglo-bin dissociation curve towards right side? (1) High O2 and high haemoglobin (2) HighC02 (3) High body temperature (4) LowpH 201. Exchange of bicarbonates and chloride ions between RBC and plasma is called

(1) chloride shift. (2) Bohr's effect. (3) Haldane's effect. (4) intracellular respiration. r 202. Rate of respiration is directly affected by (1) CO2 concentration. (2) O2 in trachea. (3) concentration of O2. (4) diaphragm expansion. 203. Which of the following conditions is responsible for increase in ventilation rate of lungs? (1) Increase in O2 content of inhaled air (2) Decrease in O2 content of inhaled air (3) Increase in CO., content of inhaled air (4) Decrease in CO2 content of inhaled air 204. Which one of the following statements is correct? (1) Chest expands because air enters into the lungs. (2) Air enters into the lungs because chest expands.

81. (1)

82. (1) 83. (3)

(3) The muscles of 91.the 92. (1) 93. diaphragm contracts (2) because air (2) enters into the lungs. (4) All of these. 101. 102. 103. 205. Respiratory(2) rate in (1)a new(4) born baby is (1) equal to an adult. (2) less 111.than 112.an 113. adult. (3) more than ID an (3)adult.(3) (4) None of these. 206. Carbonic anhydrase 121. is found 122. in 123. (1) WBC (3) (1)(2) EEC (2) (3) blood plasma (4) All of these T207. Characteristic 131. 132. 133. feature of haemoglobin (2) (3) is (1) (3) reversible union with oxygen. (2) blue colour. (3) 141. presence 142.of Cu. 143. (4) presence of protein. (3) (4) (1)

84. (2)

85. (!)

86. (2)

87. (2)

88. (4)

89. (1)

94. (2)

95. (1)

96. (1)

97. (1)

98. (3)

99. (1)

104. (1)

105. (4)

106. (4)

107. (4)

108. (3)

109. (3)

114. (1)

115. (4)

116. (1)

117. (2)

118. (1)

119. (3)

124. (4)

125. (4)

126. (1)

127. (2)

128. (3)

129. (1)

134. (4)

135. (4)

136. (4)

137. (2)

138. (1)

139. (3)

144. (1)

145. (3)

146. (3)

147. (3)

148. (3)

149. (2)

151. 152. (2) (1)

153. (3)

154. (3)

155. (4)

156. (1)

157. (2)

158. (2)

159. (2)

161. 162. (1) (4)

163. (2)

164. (3)

165. (4)

166. (2)

167. (3)

168. (3)

169. (4)

171. 172.10. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. i. (i) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (2) 9. (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (4) (3) (1) (1) 11. 12. (4) 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (4) 181. (4)182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. (3) (4) (1) (4) (3) (1) (3) 21. 22. (2) 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. (4) (1) (3) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) 191. (4)192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (4) (1) 31. 32. (2) 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (2) (4) (3) 201. (2)202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. (1) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2) (1) 41. 42. (4) 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. (3) (4) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) HINT (1)AND EXPLANATIONS S 51. 52. (4) 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. (1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (4) (2) (2) 4. Protozoans, (3) poriferans and cnidarians obtain oxy15. The partial pressure of 61. 62. (1) 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. CO269. in the70. alveolar (3) air (pCO2) is 40 (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (4) gen(3) dissolved in water by diffusion through their body surfaces. Carbon dioxide follows 71. 72. (2) 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. opposite 79. path 80. (4) and is released through body (1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (4) (3) surfaces. (2)

178. (1)

179. (1)

188. (4)

189. (1)

198. (1)

199. (3)

ANSWER KEY

11. Hiccup is an inspiratory spasm caused by sudden contracmm of Hg and in arterial blood is 46 mm of Hg. Hence, CO2 from the arterial blood diffuses into the alveolar air. Thus, the urge to inhale in humans results from rising PC02. tion of diaphragm accompanied by loud closure of glottis. 20. Na+ is antagonistic to carbonic acid.