16155.pdf

 

  

 

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ‬

  

‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬    



‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫!‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪١٤٣٧‬‬

‫ﺭﻗـــــﻢ ﺍﻹﻳـــﺪﺍﻉ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴـﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪  ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﱠﻔﻪ أﺧﻲ ﰲ اﷲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻨَﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫أوردﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺤﺔ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة أوردﻫﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻞ َ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄدﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﲣﺮﳚﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫واﻋﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﺮاﻋﺎةِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎم‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ َﻰ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻮاﺋﺪﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﲠﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ﺻﻨ ُﱠﻔﻮا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وزﻳﺎدات ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮردﻫﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ اﷲ ـ ـ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺄ ﻔﻴﺘﻪ ـ ـ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﺎ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫أﺳﺄل ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﱠ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫وأن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪه ً‬ ‫رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

 

  

 

!



‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﲔ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬وأرﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫أرﺳﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺣﺬرﻫﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻞ ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺷﺪ اﻟﻌﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاب‪،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﴩﻳﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪى ﻋﲆ ِﲪﺎه ﱢ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﺣﺮص‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻵﺛﺎم‪  ،‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺎب اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫ﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫رﺑﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺪوام‪ ،‬وأ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺲ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢِ‬ ‫ﱢِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﻖ وﺟﺪت ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫♫‪ ،‬و ﱠﺎ ﻗﺮأ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮرة ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬوﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻋﻲ أﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬وأ َ ْﻮا ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﻨﺖ َأرى ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎس ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ♫‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ‪ ‬ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺖ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻟﻌﻠﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ْ‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻬﺮة‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬وإذا ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ د ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وأﺳﺘﺎذ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﻫﺮه‬ ‫ﻋﴫه‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ﰲ‬ ‫ﻇﻔﺮت‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ)‪ُ ِ :(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﰊ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﱰوح‬ ‫اﳌﺮام‪ َ ،‬ﺎ أ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻷوام‪ ،‬وﻻ أﻏﻨَﻰ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺸﻒ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺳﱰواﺣﺎ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺰ ُﻛﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫وأورد ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲡﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﺎﻳﺎت ﱂ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻣﻌﺎن ِ‬ ‫إﱃ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮه ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳌﺤﻘﻘﲔ ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ أﰊ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﱢِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر آل‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫وﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل)‪ :(١‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬ ‫زال ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﲈن ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎج إﱃ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪ ُ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬وأ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮاء‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﳊﴫ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻌﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲈﺋﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ إذا ﺑﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ إﱃ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫رد َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وإذا ﺑﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺮ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻮاﺑﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ ً‬ ‫وﺑﺪأت ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت‬ ‫أﻓﺘﺶ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﺜﺎ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺷ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ )ت ‪،(٧٤٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎم‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻤﺲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ورﻣﺰت ﳍﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺑـ »ن ‪،«١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة ﻣﺸﻬﻮر آل ﺳﻠﲈن ط ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‪.١٤٢٤ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﺧﻴﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ط دار اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ورﻣﺰت ﳍﺎ ﺑـ »ن ‪.(٢)«٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٢٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬوﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وﻗﺪ زﻋﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫دﻋﻮاﻫﻢ ﺑﺤﺠﺞ َأراﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﺪت َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬وأ َ ْﻮا ﻋﲆ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻷوﻟﲔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٣٦٠ ،٢٥٨ ،٢٣٩ /١‬وﱂ َأر ً‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻦ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻸﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫؛‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ورﻣﺰت ﳍﺎ ﺑـ ـ)ن‪ ،(١‬ورﻣﺰت ﻟﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑ ـ ـ )ن‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ن‪ (٧٦) ١‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﰲ ن‪ (٧٠) ٢‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬اﺗﻔﻘﺖ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﺎن ﻋﲆ ذﻛﺮ )‪ (٦٢‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻔﺮدن ‪ ١‬ﻋﻦ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫واﻧﻔﺮدﺗﻦ‪ ١‬ﺑـ ـ )‪ (١٤‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬و ن‪ ٢‬ﺑ ـ ـ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ ،‬ذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪٣٩‬‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أ ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ َﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﺑﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫‪ٌ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻮزﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻢ اﳉَ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة ﻣﺸﻬﻮر آل ﺳﻠﻤـﺎن‪ ،‬ط دار اﺑﻦ اﳉﻮزي ‪.(١)١٤٢٣‬‬ ‫)ت ‪،(٧٥١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﰊ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي )ت ‪.( ٩٦٨‬‬ ‫‪ ، -٣‬ﳌﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﴍﺣﻬﺎ ﺷﻤﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ )ت ‪،( ١١٨٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋِﺮ«‪ ،‬ط دار اﻟﺒﺸﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺒﲑوت‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﴩح‬ ‫اﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻰ ﴍﺣﻪ » ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﲇ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪     -٤‬ﻷﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ٍ َْ‬ ‫)ت ‪ ،(٩٧٤‬ط دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪.(٣)١٤٠٧ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺤ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ♫ ﰲ »ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫)‪ُ (١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﺻﻨﱠﻒ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪ ،‬وﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ (١٧٢‬أ ﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ إﱃ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﲈت ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮدا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰال اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﰲ »ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ« )‪ْ ،(٤٥٠ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ »إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪- ٥٦٩ /٦‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺼﻴﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﴎدا َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮض‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ إﻻ ً‬ ‫‪ (٥٨٤‬ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺖ ﺑﱰﻗﻴﻤﻲ )‪ (١١٣‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺖ ﺑﱰﻗﻴﻤﻲ )‪ (٦٥‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻋﺪدﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ )‪(٧٣‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺼﻴﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﴎدا ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎِﺑﻪ »اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪ْ َ ،(٤٣٨ - ٤٣٧ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﳊﺠﺎوي ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻤﻲ )‪ ،(٥٨‬ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻄﺮد اﺳﺘﻄﺮادا ﱂ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺐ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ ♫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﰲ‬ ‫وأوﺳﻊ‬ ‫أﺷﻤﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ّ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﴍط اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٦٧‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺂﺧﺬ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻼ ﱠإﻳﺎه ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﺮده‪ .‬وﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻮى اﻟﻘﻴﺎس أو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪل ﲠﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ أﳖﺎ ﺗ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﲇ ﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ إن ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻷ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؛ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻮاب‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺒﲑة اﻟﺮﻳﺎء ً‬ ‫ﻛﺄن َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻹﺧﻼص‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳊﺚ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي اﳊﻨﺒﲇ‬ ‫‪     -٥‬‬

‫)ت ‪ ،(٩٠٩‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ وﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﲇ‪ ،‬ط دار اﻟﺒﺸﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪.(١)١٤٢٥،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ، -٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﺑﻨِﻨ َُﺠﻴﻢ اﳌﴫي‬ ‫)ت ‪.(٩٧٠‬‬ ‫وﻃﺒﻌﺘﻪ دار‬ ‫ﻓﴩﺣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ )ت ‪َ َ (١٠٤٨‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺟﺎء إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎن ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ردﻳﺌﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٠‬م‬ ‫‪ ، -٩‬ﳌﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﲈن اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﺪي‬ ‫)ت ‪ ،( ١٢٠٦‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ اﳉﻮاﺑﺮة‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻊ وزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ‪.(٣) ١٤٢٠‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﴍﺣﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻔﻮزان‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﴍﺣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻃﺒﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻬﺠِﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏِ ‪:‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮي ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨًﺎ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻊ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺘﴫ ُ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ُ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫وﻳﺮﴈ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻲ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪي ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫أﺣﺎول َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ♫ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪(٤٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ »إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎرح‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺈﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (٨٥‬ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﰲ ﴍﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻷ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫روح اﷲ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮاب‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ )‪ً (١٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻗﺪ ﱠﺑﻮب ♫ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺎ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻪ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺬﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؛ ً‬ ‫أﻓﻘﺪه ﱢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‪ :‬ﰲ )‪ (٣٨‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺑﺎب اﻟﻔﺮح‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ اﻟﻔﺮح‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‪ِ.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻨًﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﲈ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺳﻨﱠﺔ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ أو َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ُ‬ ‫ﳾء َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ٌ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ُﺳﺒﻴﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﺖ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮا ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺮاد ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬د َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﳘﺘﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫واﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ؛‬ ‫ﲣﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﴫت ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﺎن وﺟﻪ ّ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻻ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻋﺰﻣﻲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ْ‬ ‫إﻓﺮاد‬ ‫إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‬ ‫إن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻫﺬا ﻓﻴﲈ ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﲥﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ رﺻﻴﻨًﺎ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫زادت ﻋﲆ ﲬﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﺋﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة وﻋﻼﻣﺎﲥﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ّ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑة وﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ورﺗﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﺪي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ُ ّ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻷ ﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄدﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أوردﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﳍﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱢﻨﻲ ﰲ رﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أوردﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﳍﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄدﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻨﺎد أو‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮودة ﻋﻨﺪي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪: ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻻ أﺣﺐ ﻣﺪح ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺲ ﺛﻮﰊ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫زور‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﴚء ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺤﻘﻪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﺰ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﻮر‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ‪ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ ُ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﴪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻋﲆ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﲈ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ ‬اﳊﺮص ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫ﳏﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻛﺒ ٌ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ِ‬ ‫أدﻋﻲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ اﷲ ـ ـ ؛ ﻓﻬﺬه ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﲈل ـ ـ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﴘ‬ ‫أﺟﱰئ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﲥﻤﺔ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُِّ‬ ‫وﺳﻌﻲ‪ ،‬و ‪ ،(٢٣٣ :^) R³ ² ± ° ¯ S‬واﷲ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬وﺣﺴﺒﻲ ﱢأﲏ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﱢأﲏ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪ِ َ ْ َ ْ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺒﻲ وﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﲔ أ ﻪ ﻟﻮ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵن ـ ـ ﺑﻞ رﺑﲈ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﻮر ـ ـ ﻓﺴﻮف ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫أن أ ﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺪرك ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه ُﺳﻨ ُﱠﺔ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬وﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاه ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﺘﻪ أﻻ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﺷﺎءت‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱰﻳﻪ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺳﻮى ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ واﳌِﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﲑا ﻓﻠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ورأى ﱢأﲏ ﻗﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ َ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ ً‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻠﺘﻤﺲ ِ َﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب ّ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻴﺘﻲ‪ْ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﴫت ﰲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﳌﺮاد ْ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺼﻮم‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ أﺣﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎت ﻓﺄ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﲢﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬر‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻛﺮ وﻟﻪ ٍ‬ ‫داع‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﺷ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﺒﻌﺾِ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏِ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﻞ اﷲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺌﻬﲈ‬ ‫وأﺷﻜﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮاﻟﺪي اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤﲔ ﺟﺰاﳘﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻲ ً‬ ‫ﺧﲑا؛ ﻓﻠﻬﲈ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﳘﺎ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ َ‬ ‫وأﺳﺄل اﷲ أن ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﳛ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮزﻗﻨﻲ ﱠﺑﺮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬وأن ُ َ ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وأﺷﻜﺮ ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻟﻌﺪوي ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﺻﱪه ﻣﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﰲ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺼﺎﺋﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻔﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺪة َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس؛ ﻓﻠﻮﻻ ُ‬ ‫وأﺷﻜﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬل‬ ‫وﻧﴩه ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫إﺧﺮاج ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺪران إﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻈﻞ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﴩ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼء ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫إﺧﻮان ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﺰاء‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫أن ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ؛‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺳﺄل اﷲ أن ِ َ‬ ‫ﳚﺎزﳞﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬واﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ وآ ﻪ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮِﻳﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺒﻴﺮﺓِ ﻭﻋﻼﻣ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ ـ ـ ‪‬‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ ِ ْ -١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ٌ َ -٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮال أﺧﺮى ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ـ ـ ‪ ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ☺ ﰲ‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮه ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ اﷲ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬أو ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﱡ ً ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت أو ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻀﺐ أو ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎرب ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳛ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎد ﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﻪ ُ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﴪا ِن‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ أو ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -٩‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬أوﻻ ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ اﷲ إﻟﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻄﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ْ -١٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة أو ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -١١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﺄﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬أن ُ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺬاب ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻼك‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ْ -١٤‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ﱞ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﻀﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -١٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -١٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫‪ُ -١٧‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺬا«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ☺‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -١٨‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -١٩‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﺑﺄ ﻪ اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٠‬ﻣﺎ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢١‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺬا َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻢ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢‬أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺴﺄل ﻋﻨﻪ«‪ -‬أي ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪» :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﲈ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻒ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫أن اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ أو رﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﴍ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫‪ -٢٦‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫‪ -٢٧‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -٢٩‬‬ ‫ﳛ َﺮ َم ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ْ -٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -٣١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻒ ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -٣٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﱪه‪ ،‬أو ﰲ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻧﺐ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺬ ِ‬ ‫إﳊﺎق ﱠ‬ ‫‪ُ -٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺐ‬ ‫َﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٤‬اﻹﲨ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ ـ ـ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻳﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓِ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪» :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻫﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪي ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة؛ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺨﻄﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أو َ‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬أو ﻟﻌﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ َ -١‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪r q po n mS :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻤﻢ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ ِ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫‪َ َ ،(٣٢ :³) R s‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُﺖ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ آدم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴْﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻻ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أدرﻛﻪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َ َ‬ ‫َﲔ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺰﻧﻰ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻨﱠﻰ َ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮج ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪق َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺬﺑﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳌَﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻈﺮ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ْأو ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﺘﻬﻲ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻄﻖ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ َ َ َ‬ ‫وزﻧﻰ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ــ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪p o n m S :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫دون ْ َ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﻢ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫‪َ َ ،(٣٢ :³) R srq‬‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮة«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﻦ؛ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱡ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ِﰲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ِﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ِ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺬاب اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ ﱠ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴْﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺒﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﻈﺮ‪َ ،‬و ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫زﻧﻰ ْ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫َﲔ اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫وزﻧﻰ ﱢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وزﻧﻰ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺬﺑﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﴚ‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﺪق َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺶ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮج َ ْأو ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺟﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫زاﻧﻴﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وإﻻ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٢٤٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٦٨ ،٦٧/٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٦٢ /٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﲔ ْ َ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﻢ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﻦ َﱂْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة ♫ ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ َﻳﻘﺎم َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ٌ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ٌ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﱡَْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ أﲪُﺪ ♫‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲆ ♫‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﲈ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ أ ﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل ﰲ‬ ‫ووﻋﻴﺪا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺪا ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ R sr S :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ‬ ‫أﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ُ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻤﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﺬي ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﳛ ﱡﺪ ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﺎ أو ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ :‬‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺺ َ‬ ‫ﻛﱪى ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﺮى َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻢ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أوﻋَﺪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎوردي ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ أو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ - ٦‬ﻗﺎل ا َ ّ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠأﳖﺎ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ - ٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ ٍ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎر ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬أو ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﴪ ♫‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﴩع ﱠ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ - ٨‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃ ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪاه‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴐره ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺎب ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وﺷﺪده‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎرح ♫‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎس ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ - ٩‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬أو أﺧﱪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺪة َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ‬ ‫أﻃﻠﻖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٦٨ /٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﱠﻜﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲِ أو ﺳﻨ ٌﱠﺔ أو‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫وﻏﻠﻈﻪ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﺣﺪا‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪد اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫إﲨﺎع ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫؛‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ ♫‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ‪ ...‬ﱠ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪ ،‬أو ِ ُ‬ ‫ورد ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮآن أو اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻀﻢ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ورد ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺴﺎن ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺺ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮع َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻬﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪدﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﲈ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼح ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -١١‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻢ َ ً‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻈﻴﲈ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﻣﻌﻪ أن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ووﺻﻒ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺎرات ﻣﻌﺮو ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺔ ﲠﺎ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﱪ‬ ‫إﳚﺎب َ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﻳﻌﺎد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أو ﱡ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻧﺼﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﱠأﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة أوﺟﻪ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺺ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﳊﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬أ ﱠﳖﺎ ﻣﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َﱟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب أو ُﺳﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ّ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷول ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫أوﻓﻖ ﺎ ذﻛﺮوه ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ إﱃ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﳍﻢ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺦ اﻹﺳﻼم اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻮال ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺴﺄ ِﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮه أ ﻮ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﳘﺎ؛ وﻫﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮر ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ا ﺄ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫وﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻨﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‪ ،‬أو ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻌﻨﺔ‪ ،‬أو َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر؛ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺤﺪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ وﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫وأن ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ِآﺛﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬه ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﻀﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎص؛ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻨ َُﺘﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻔﻴﺎن ِ‬ ‫روي ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ ُﱠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻊ اﳉﻨﱠﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬واﻟﺬي ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺷ ًﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎﺋﻢ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب‪ ،‬أو َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎن ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة؛ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -١٤‬ﻗﺎل ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﳋﺎزن ♫‪:‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﻪ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﺪود‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﱠأﳖﺎ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﲑي ♫‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬أو ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺮن ﺑﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -١٥‬ﻗﺎل ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻬﺎون ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫إﺷﻌﺎر‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫أو ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‪ ،‬أو ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰ ♫‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ -١٦‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ أﰊ ِ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ وﻻ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‬ ‫اﳋﺎص ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ‪ ،‬أو َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﲑ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮادح‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -١٧‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬أو ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ اﻹﻳﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻫﺬا ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﴚ ِء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﺖ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ُ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮه ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺺ َ‬ ‫ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﻪ اﷲ‪ ،‬واﳌﻬﺘﺪي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪاه اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪  :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪا أو‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻫﺬا ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب ُ ْ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ أو‬ ‫أزﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‪ٍ ِ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاه ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُع ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺣﺘﲈل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﲠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎق ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﱪه ﻓﻬﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ورﻗﺔ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺆذن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻛﱰاث ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ﳖﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﳍﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺤﻢ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّﺎس ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‪:‬‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪ؛‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ أﻗﻮ َ‬ ‫اﳍﻢ ﰲ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﺪة ﰲ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﻪ« )‪» ،(٩٤٦ /٣‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ« )‪» ،(٤٢٠ /١‬اﳌﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٠٤ /٥‬ﻓﺘﺎوى اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح« )‪» ،(١٤٨ /١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪،(١٦١ ،١٦٠ /٥‬‬ ‫» ُْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪» ،(١٨٨ /١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٨٥ /٢‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٩ /٨‬ﳎﻤﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪» ،(٦٥٨ ،٦٥٥ -٦٥٠ /١١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٨٩) ١‬ﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ« )‪/١‬‬ ‫‪» ،(٣٦٧‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪» ،(٢٨٦ ،٢٨٥ /٢‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎوﻳﺔ« )‪» ،(٥٢٦ /٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(١٨٤ /١٢‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻹﳚﻲ« )‪» ،(٦٩ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« ) ‪/١‬‬ ‫‪» ،(١٢ ،١٠‬اﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(١٢٢ ،١١٢‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر« )‪.(٣٥٣ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺨﻌﻲ ﱠأﳖﺎ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﴪوق‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺢ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(٣١ :`) Rg f e d c bS :‬‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ﱠأﳖﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺒﻴﺪة ﱠأﳖﺎ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﱠأﳖﺎ ٌ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﺮب‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ إﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺮب)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﲈﺋﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻋﱰاﺿﺎت وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻷﻗﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻋﲆ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﻮال‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮرﺗﻪ ً‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮاب ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﱠ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑاﻟﻄﱪي« )‪» ،(٦٥٧-٦٤١ /٦‬ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪» .(٢٨٩‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪،(٨٥ /٢‬‬ ‫»ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪» .(٦٥٦ /١١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٤١٠ /١٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٠ - ٦ /١‬ﺳﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم« )‪.(٥٥٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ـ ـ ﻋ‪‬ﻼﻣ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺒﻴﺮ‪‬ﺓِ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ☺ ﰲ‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮه ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬أو ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪L K J I HG F E D CB A @ S :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫‪ ،(٢ :`) R R Q P O NM‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ☺‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َِْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫• ‪ ╚ ‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﺑﻦ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن اﻹﴐا َر ﰲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫أن ﻛﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻬﺎد ﻣﻨﻪ ◙‪.‬‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت أو ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‪ِ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪ِ ُ ..‬‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻠﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﺳﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﲥﻠﻚ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﲈ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﻘﺎت؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أي ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﺎ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻞ ِ ﱠ ِ ِﻧﺪا‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻚ«‪..‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫)‪ -(٣‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(١٣ :{) R D C B AS :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(١٨٧ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻀﺐ أو ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ -(٤‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪i h g f e d c S :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻀﺐ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ً‬ ‫‪ ،(٩٣ :`) R m l k j‬وﻧﺤﻮه‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﺟﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻤﻪ اﷲ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ َ‬ ‫أن َﺗﺮى َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺪﳞﻢ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺷﻚ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫أذﻧﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻚ ُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫إن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﰲ َأ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ًْ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺪون ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوﺣﻮن ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ ِ«‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ََِْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ ا ﱠ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﷲ َﻋﱠﺰ َو َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺎء‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻀﺐ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻼﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻖ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﺎ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺘﻪ ْ‬ ‫وﺧﺬﻻﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وإﻋﺮاﺿﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪َ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﰲ ْ ٍ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ ﱞ‬ ‫و َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺠﻼﻟﻪ‪ ،‬واﳌﺮاد َ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ ﱠﺰ َوَﺟ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺨﻂ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎرب ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ -(٥‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳛ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¡  ~ } | { z y x w v u S :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪،(٢٧٩ ،٢٧٨ :^) R« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﳍﻼك‪ٌ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﲥﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻈ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٦٨ /٣‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٦٤٩ /١‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(٣٧٠ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس« )‪» ،(٣٤٠ /١٩‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪» ،(٣٥٠ /٣‬اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺑﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٢٩٤ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎء)‪َ ِ ْ ُ :(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرﺑﺔ وﻫﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﻮع‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮب ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻠﻮق ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻟﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫أﴎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳉﻮاب‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﺑﲈ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪاوة ُ‬ ‫وﻏﺎﻳﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮب َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاوة‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدى اﷲ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﳍﻼك‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻻزﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻹﻫﻼﻛﻲ ﱠإﻳﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻠﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺄن اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ‬ ‫وأراد َ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫أي‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪو ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺑﻪ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺎﲏ ♫‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌ ِ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻴﻎ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻧﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺮه ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻧﺪه َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎد ﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﻪ ُ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون ﱟ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺎد‬ ‫ﺣﺪودِ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ َ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ا ﱠ َ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺒﺪو ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎد اﷲ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﷲ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮه«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﺳﻌﻰ ﰲ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ أﻣﺮه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪود‪.‬‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﺿﺪه ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاده‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﲈﻧﻊ ﱢ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﻧﻌﺎ ﷲ ﻛﲈ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ُ َ ً‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎد اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻮره‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪود اﷲ ِﲪَﺎه‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺒﺎح ﲪَﻰ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺪى َ‬ ‫وﻧﺎزع اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﺎد اﷲ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱄ ﻓﻴﲈ َﲪَﺎه ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٣٤٣ /١١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٨٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪» ،(٤ /١٠‬ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة« )‪» ،(٢٥٣٧ /٨‬اﻟﺘﺤﺒﲑ ﻹﻳﻀﺎح ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ« )‪.(٦١٥ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﳋﴪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ان‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻒ‬ ‫)‪ -(٧‬و ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪RR Q P O N M L KJ I H S :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫)‪ .(٩٩ :c‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﺮت ﰲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﺈذا اﳋﴪا ن ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل‪ :‬اﳍﻼك‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻼل‪ ،‬واﻟﻐﺒﻦ؛ واﻟﻨﻘﺺ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﺬي ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وزﺟﺮﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﴪا ن ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪» :(١‬اﳋُ ْﴪا ُن ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﱠ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ أو َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪u t s r q p o n m S :‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫‪.(٨١ :a) R{ z y x w v‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ أو ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﺎﺋﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﻠﺖ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻗ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ ،‬واﳋﺮوج ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻫﻮ‪ُ َ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ ُ‬ ‫وﳎﺎوزة َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎن‪ُ َ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﱞ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازي‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ ﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼح‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ رﲪﺔ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٥٦ /٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازي ♫‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ إﻻ ﻋﲆ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﻴﺎن‪ :‬واﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬و»ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪،(١٤٢ /٢٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن إﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫»اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪.(٣٨٧ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٩‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ اﷲ إﻟﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﷲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱢ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺒﻞ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎن«‪ ..‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫أﻛﻴﺪة ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﱠ َ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﷲ«‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎر‬ ‫اﳋﲑات‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُﻳ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻼم ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاض ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﴇ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﻮال‬ ‫وﻳﴪﻫﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻬﻢ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرض ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮض ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ٍ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ«‪ :‬أي‪ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫» َ‬ ‫وﻟﻄﻒ ﲠﻢ؛‬ ‫رﲪﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨْﻈُ ُﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ وﻳﻐﻀﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫دﻧﺲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻬﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫» َ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﲠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ«‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻨﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻄﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ«‪ .‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮط‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﱠإﻻ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ُ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮط‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻻ ُ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(١١٦ /٢‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٢٢٨ /٥ ،٣٥٦ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٥٤ /٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻠﺪه ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر؛‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ ﱢ‬ ‫وﳜ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪r q p o n m l k j i h S :‬‬ ‫‪.(٢١٧ :^) R u t s‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﲢﺒﻂ َ‬ ‫ورد أﳖﺎ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﲑ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُِْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ï S :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻜﻔﲑﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ .(٥ :a) R Ô Ó Ò Ñ Ð‬ﻓﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﻂ ُ‬ ‫ﳛَ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻄﻮق َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﲈن ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻌﲔ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰﺟﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﻜﻦ أوﱃ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻊ إذا‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮط‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد َﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺰﺋﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻔﺎ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻇﺎﻫﺮه ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ ُ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳎﺎز اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄن اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎد أن َﳛ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاب؛ إذ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﳊﺒﻮط إﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮدة‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﻼن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻮط وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬أي ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﳍﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ُ -٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﳎﺎزا‪َ .‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫أﺳﻘﻄﺖ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪-٧‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ْ َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫إﺣﺒﺎﻃﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٣٣ ،٣٢ /٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(١٧٤ /١٦‬ﴍح ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ«‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ )‪» ،(٥٠‬ﻣﺮﻗﺎة اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ« )‪.(٥٢٩ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة أو ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻓﺎ َﻓﺴﺄَ َﻪ ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮ ً َ ُ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ«‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺪم َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫وردﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ََْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء و ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ِ‬ ‫رﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(١‬‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳎﺰﺋﺔ ِﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻔﺮض ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وإن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاب َ ُﳍﻢ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ْ ِ َ ً ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳾء‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ أدﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ إﱄ اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱄ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻞ اﻟﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ َ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺟﻮه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﺄﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﺋﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ -(١٢‬أن ُ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻄﻌﻤﻪ‬ ‫رب! َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رب! َﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء‪َ ،‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ُ ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ِ َإﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎب ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻏﺬي ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ؟‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮام‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَ ﱠﻰ ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺒﺴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﴩ ُ ُﺑﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ََ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺬاب ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻼك‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ -(١٣‬أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠإﻧﲈ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﳖﻢ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﴎق ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ََ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻮه«‪ .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻨﻬﺎج )‪ ،(٢٢٧ /١٤‬ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة )‪ ،(١١٥٤ /٤‬ﻗﻮت اﳌﻐﺘﺬي )‪.(١٧٥ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻴَﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺎب ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ْﻘﺼﻮا ْ ْ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺪةِ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻧﺔ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻴﺰان ِإﻻ ﱠ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ِْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﲔ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻮر ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻛﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﲥﺪﻳﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮزق؛ وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻌﻮا َز َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﻊ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻮا ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء«‪ .‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻲ أوﺟﺒﻬﺎ اﷲ‪» ،‬إﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻮا‬ ‫زﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪» :‬ﱂ ﻳﻤﻨ َْﻊ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﺔ ِ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﻋﻘ َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺆم َﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮى ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎؤﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١٤‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﴪﻗﺔ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ذﻟﻚ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻤﻪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻓﻴﲈ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮه اﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮه‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ؛ إذ ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﻮح‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫• ‪ْ َ      ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ ُ ِ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﲏ َ َ‬ ‫أن َﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُِْ‬ ‫ﺗﴪﻗﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻧﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﴩ ُﻛﻮا ِﺑﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮا اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺮه َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮﻗﺐ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎب َ ْ ً ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ َْﱢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰱ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺑﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪» ،(٣٠١ /٢‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(١١٠ /٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮه ِ َإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﱰه اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرة َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎب َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ ٌَ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ِ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻻﻻ ﲠﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرة‬ ‫اﳊﺪود‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ِﲠﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﺳﻨ ًﱠﺔ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺔ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ﰲ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ُِْ‬ ‫دال‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وزر َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ُ َ َ ُ :(٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻵ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﺎم ِ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺎب‪ ،‬و َ ﱠﺎ ﺳﻨ َﱠﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺪى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﲑة اﻟﺘﻲ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺸﺖ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ِ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ِ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫)‪،(٤٤ :a‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫وﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﱠاﻟﺬي َﺑﻴْﻨَﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫زﺟﺮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫‪R| { z y x w v u t S‬‬

‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﻮﺑﺔ)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻋﻦ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ اﻟﻮا رد ﰲ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺟﺎب اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢٢٤ /١١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٦٤ ،١٦٢ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻹﻳﲈن« ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ )‪» ،(٧٤‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪ ،(٢٣٦ /٤‬ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﺪر اﻟﺼﻼة )‪» ،(٥١٨ /٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٥٧ ،٤٩/٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« ﻻﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ )‪» ،(١٣٧ /١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )‪.(٨٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆول ِ ِﺑﻪ إﱃ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ اﻟﻨﱢﻌﻤﺔ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِﱢ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُ‬

‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ اﳋﻮارج ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻼق ﱡ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬اﳌﻌﻨﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر واﳌﴩﻛﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﲇ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺮج‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻮال َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎرض ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫)‪ُ -(١٧‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺬا«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪» :‬ﻟﻴ َﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﲥﺪﻳﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ٌ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ُ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ ،‬وﲠﺬا ﻗﺎل ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺲ ً‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻟ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮال‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺒﲑة‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ُﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ« ﱂ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﲪ َُﻠﻮه ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪» :‬أَ ﱡ َﲈ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺄوﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺬي‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬وﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎء ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻮارج‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑه‪ .‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻴﺼﺘﻪ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺰاد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ؛‬ ‫اﺟﻊ‬ ‫رﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑه ﻓﻠﻴﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ .‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻔ ِﺮ ْﺑﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮه‬ ‫أﺧﺎه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﱠإﻣﺎ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼن ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪» .‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٤٩ /٢‬‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻻ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨ ﱠﺎ«‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ْ َ » :(٦٥ /١٣‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣ َﻲ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﻼ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ﳌ َْﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻲ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺐ َ َ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ َ ْأو‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ـ ـ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َُْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﻪ ☺ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﱄ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى وﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى؛ وﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ـ ـ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ـ ـ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﴍك«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى؛‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫ﻠﻮﻛﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ َ ْأو َﳑْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﲈم«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﻮى‬ ‫اﳋﺪود‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﻮب‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ودﻋﺎ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻖ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺧﺮق«‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«‪ ،‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬أ َﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻖ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﺧﺮق«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ أﺧﺮى؛‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﲑة ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺮج‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْﳜ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ أﻗﻮال‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻴﻌﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ« أي‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎﻓﻈﲔ ﻋﲆ َﴍا ِ َﺋﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ُﺳﻨ ِﱠﺘﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاب ﺑﻼ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺒﺔ ُ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳌﻮاﻻة‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺑﻪ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ا ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﺪﻳﻦ ِﺑﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻴﻌﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻣﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼم ♫)‪َ :(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎﻓﻈﲔ ﻋﲆ ﴍ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺋﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡﻌﻮت وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪.(٨٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ﻣﺎ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎر َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪َ :(١‬‬ ‫َﻘﺺ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب؛ ﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺑﻪ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻣﺎ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاب‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاب ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳚﺐ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻼ‬ ‫َ ِﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺪﻳِﻨَﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻫﺘﺪى ْ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٢‬وﻣﻌﻨﺎه َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫واﻗﺘﺪى ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻠﻨﺎ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮض َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﺪه إذا ﱂْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪َ .‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(١٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪ .‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫُﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻔﺮده ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎج ﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻦ أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وأﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮاﺋﻦ أﺧﺮى؛ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وإﻳﺬاء اﳉﺎر‪ ،‬وﴍب اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻦ اﳍﺮوي أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ اﻹﻳﲈن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ورد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ُﳛِﺐ ﻟ ِﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُﳛِﺐ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻔﺴﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل ﲠﺬا‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺐ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺐ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ﱂ ُﳛ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٢٩٥ ،٢٩٤ /١٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٠٩ /١‬‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮدود‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫)‪َ ِ (٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬أﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ُ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺄدﻳﺒﺎ ﻟﻪ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺮض ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻼ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺠﲈﻋﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳞﺠﺮ‪َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻷن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻪ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪه ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄ ﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮن أ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت‪،‬‬ ‫ﲤﺮ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻠﻎ ﰲ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻨﺔ« ﻟﻠﺨﻼل )‪» ،(٥٧٩-٥٧٦ /٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ ،(٢٤/١٣ ،١٦٤ /٣‬واﳌﺼﺎدر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ وﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ أ ﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس ﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻼ)‪ْ َ :(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﻓﺮدﲥﺎ ﺑﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ؛ وﻫﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ إن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺪل ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وإﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ« وأﺷﺒﺎه ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻛﲈل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻃﻼق‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ داﻻ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳜﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﲈن إﱃ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ﳜﺮج ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫وﲤﺮ ﻛﲈ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ُ‬ ‫ورد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻎ ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ أ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫َُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠأﳖﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أﳖﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﺧﱪا‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﳖﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﲠﺬه َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻦ أن ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ٌْ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ﺣﲔ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(٢٢٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﺪر اﻟﺼﻼة« )‪» ،(٥٣٥/٢‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﺔ« )‪» (٤١٨‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٦٧٦ ،٦٧٠ /٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻳﻨﻘﺺ إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺎب‬ ‫أﻗﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎء‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻹﻳﲈن ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈل اﻹﻳﲈن‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﻫﻮ ُ ٍ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺆﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫رﺟﻊ إﻟﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻼ ﳍﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(١٩‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫أﺧﻠﻒ‪،«..‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻬﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر ﻻَ ُ ْﻳﺒ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪» :‬اﻷَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق ﱞ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق أو أ ﱠﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺎ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ :(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ٍ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﺧﻮة‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ ُﳜ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﳛَ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل ﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬا أو ﱡ‬ ‫☺ ﲨَﻌﻮا ﻫﺬه ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ واﻟﻌﻠﲈء ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﱠ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎل ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه ِ َ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺨﻠﻖ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﻘﻮن‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل ُ َ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫واﻷﻛﺜﺮون‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﱰﻣﺬي ♫‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﲈ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض‪:‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وإﻟﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٤٦ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي« )‪» ،(٢٠ /٥‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪» ،(١٦١ /١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٩٠ /١‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي«‬ ‫)‪.(٣٢٣ /٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أن ِ‬ ‫ﳜ َﺸﻰ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﴤ ﺑﻪ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺎد ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎل‪ ،‬وﲥﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬه ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻫﻮ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﻒ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ون ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎن ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ً‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﺑﺄ ﻪ اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٠‬ﻣﺎ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫إن َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎد َذات َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠأﳖﺎ ﻛﺒﲑٌة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﺟﺮ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻠﻜﺔ‪ِ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ َ ُ .‬‬ ‫َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ«‪ُ َ ِ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺎء)‪ُ َ ِ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺄﺻﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪ٌ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‪ ،‬أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻏﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ودروس ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﺘﺖ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪوﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬وﰱ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻓﱰاق َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ أﳖﺎ ﻻ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻖ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻨﺎت ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻲ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأس ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻪ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢١‬ﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺬا َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬أ ﲈ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َأ َ َﻖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡَ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ِ َ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ« ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٦٦ /١٠‬اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ﴍح اﳌﻮﻃﺄ« )‪.(٢١٣ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٢٢١ /١٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٥٨ /٢‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ«‬ ‫)‪.(١٥٥ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺿﲈن‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ذﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻮﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻵﺑﻖ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﺰال ذﻟﻚ ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫زاﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺑﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ♫‪ :‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺎﲏ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺎن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ذﻛﺮ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻀﲈن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻣﺎم‪ ،‬وﳘﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻢ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٢‬أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻟﻴَﻨ َ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺎت‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻋﻬﻢ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﲔ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺘﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲑة‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ ﻛﺒ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُُ ِِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳋﺘﻢ إﻧﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺒﻊ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻴﺜﺎق ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺘﻢ«‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫أن ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﴚء‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺎء)‪ُ ْ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫واﳋﺘﻢ ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻠﻮب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ وﻻ َﳜ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺮج ﻣﻨﻪ ٌ‬ ‫أن ﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ﺗﻌﻲ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺳﺒﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻄﻒ‬ ‫إﻋﺪام‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳋﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻤﻲ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ♫‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ اﷲ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺮف ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺣﻪ وﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪» :‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﺄل ﻋﻨﻪ« ـ ـ أي ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرق ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪ .«..‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱞ‬ ‫ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا زﺟﺮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(١٦٣ /١٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(١٨٥ /١‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢٦٥ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫•‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ً‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻻ)‪:(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻈﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻨﻲ ِ‬ ‫َ ُِ‬ ‫أﺣﻘﺮ ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﲥﺘﻢ ﲠﻢ وﻻ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺄﳖﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆال ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻜﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻻ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٤‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﲈ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻒ َ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﲈ ﻟﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺴﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻘﺼﻮد ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ْﻜﻠﻴﻒ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪ُ :(٢‬أ ِﺰم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ وﻻ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﻣﻘﺼﻮده ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻃﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﲈ‬ ‫وإﻇﻬﺎر‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻠﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰه ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺢ ِ‬ ‫وإﻇﻬﺎر ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ♫‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻴﺨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﻮا ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮا ﻣﺎ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ أﳖﻢ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮا‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٥‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‬ ‫أن اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َأ َﺎ َﺧﺼﻤﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪.«..‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِﰊ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ُ ُ ْ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٢٤ /٣‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٢١٦ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪ ،(٣٤٥ /٥‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪ ،(٤٢٨ /١٢‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ )‪.(٤٣٥ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﻈﻢ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﱂ‪ّ ،‬إﻻ أ ﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪ :(١‬اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﲔ ♫‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ‪ّ ،‬إﻻ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﴫﻳﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﴍ اﻟ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٦‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﺔ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﴍ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ َﻣﻨ ِ َ ً َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﴤ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﴤ ِ َإﱃ اﻣﺮأ َ ِ ِﻪ‪ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱞ‬ ‫دال‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴎﻫﺎ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬ‬ ‫ْﴩ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮةِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٧‬أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ورد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق اﷲ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ واﻟﺪة ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﻘﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪل ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ زوﺟﺘﺎن ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻻ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺋﻘﻪ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺟﺎره َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳉﻨ ُﱠﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﲥﺪﻳﺪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ْ‬ ‫أن ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ُ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ واﳉﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫دﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﱠﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٤١٨ /٤‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(١٩٧ /٥ ،٣٥٦ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻻ‬ ‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ إذا ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻮاﲠﺎ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺖ أ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳚ َﺎزى وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫أوﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﳎﺎزاة‬ ‫دون‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ْ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺮم ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛَ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َﱂ ْﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺠﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺮﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄﺧﲑه َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ووﻋﺪ ﺑﻪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺬا ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأوﻟﻮا ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺮم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫دﺧﻮل اﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ أ ﻪ ُﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮال)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫‪ُ -١‬ﳛﺮم ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺔ وإن َ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮﺗﻪ ﳍﺬا‬ ‫‪ُ -٢‬ﻳﻨ َْﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ ٍ‬ ‫رﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ً‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰا ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻃﺎع َ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(١١٣ /١٦ ،٩١ ،١٧ /٢‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد وﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ« )‪.(٧٨ /٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫زاد ُ‬ ‫ﻛﱪ« َ‬ ‫ﺧﺮدل ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺎل َ ﱠ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰع ﻣﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫أراد ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺎ وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﱪ‬ ‫أن اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ إذا َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ َﻏﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٥‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٥٨٢ ،٤٦٩ /٦‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(١٧٣ /١٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري«‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ُﺛﻢ َﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪ .(٣٢ /١٠‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ُ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ ﱠ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻣ ْ‬ ‫ﴍب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اب ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﲠﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺔ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫دل ﻋﲆ أ ﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﻬﺎ أ ﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﴍ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮاب ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ِ َﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ًَ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻻ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺟﺰاء ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ إن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ ﻟﻪ ذﻧ ُﺒﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﺮم‬ ‫ﳛُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ُ َُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﲠﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺬاك‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫أراد اﷲ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺪة إذا َ‬ ‫‪ُ -٤‬ﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫وﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻫﺎ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ«‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ ﻣﻦ ا ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪ :(١‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﲈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻹﺑﻌﺎد ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮد‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺐ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ذﻟﻚ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨ َُﺔ أ ﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻪ ْ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﻓﺎ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٣١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻒ ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳜ َﺴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ِ ِﺑﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻷرض َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ«‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬أو ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٣٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‪:‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﱪه‪ ،‬أو ﰲ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب ﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫دل ﻋﲆ أن ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس« )‪» ،(١١٨ /٣٦‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٤٠٤٤/٥‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٤٨٦ /٤‬ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٨٤ /٤‬اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ« )‪.(٨٢٩ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر َ ُ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ♫)‪ ً :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ً :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫أن أﻛﺜﺮ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮزي ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﳚ َﺎزى‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وأدﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫إن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺰاؤه‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ورﲪ َِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر ﻓﻼ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮو ِﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ٌ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻧﺐ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ -(٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫إﳊﺎق‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬وﻣﻦ َﻟﻌﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ِ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ«‪ .‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع‪:‬‬ ‫)‪-(٣٤‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َﺎع ُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫َﺎع ﻋﲆ أ ﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ وإن ﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻹﲨ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﲈ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﲨ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ وﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﻣﺎ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َذﻧْ ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ َ ََُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪َ ُ .(٦٥٣ /٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫أو َ َ ٍ‬ ‫أو َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ٍَﺔ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٥٢ /٦‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن‬ ‫أو َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ ﺑِﻨ ٍَﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٨٦‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ أ ﻮ ﺣﻴﺎن ﰲ »اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪.(٢٤٤ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٦ ،٦٩ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞﹸ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﱠﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓِ ﻭﻣﺮﺗﻜِﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻣﻊ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﺎﳖﺎ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﲠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻮب‬ ‫‪-١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ -٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﷲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫‪ُ -٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ -٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ اﷲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻮب َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬ ‫اﳊﺬر َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﻣﺒﺎدرﲥﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﰲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻮع ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ار ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬اﻹ ْﴏ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫درﻛﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ -٩‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك ﻻ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻓﻨ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﲆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُﻳ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻮن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ُﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫‪-١١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻻ ُﳜ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ُ -١٢‬‬ ‫‪ْ -١٣‬ﻧﻘﺺ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫إﻳﲈن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ -١٤‬‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ -١٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -١٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؟‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺮد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ‬ ‫‪ُ ُ ُ -١٧‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫اﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻗﱰاف َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ِ -١٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ ْ -١٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻮم َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢١‬ﱠ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -٢٢‬ﻣﻨ َ‬ ‫ْﲈت وﱂْ َ ُ ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٨٧ :_) R6 5 4 32 1 0 / . - ,‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪Å Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾½ ¼ » º ¹S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٢٢ :e) RÏ Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻮا َﻋﻨﱢﻲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳚﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ إﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إن ً‬ ‫ﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂِ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫أن ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ وﻻ اﻟﻮﻋ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﲈ إذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﱠﳑﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻜﲔ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ أ َﻦ ﳍﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﻼد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺮف ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت وإﺗﻴﺎﳖﺎ؟! ﻓﺈن‬ ‫واﺟﺘﻨﺎﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﴍا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدر‪.‬‬ ‫واﻋﺘﻘﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ‬ ‫وأرﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﺣﺬر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮون َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲢﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻵن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﲈ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻵن‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻌﺔ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻮى ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻵن‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻟﻮ رأى ﺷﻤﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫دوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫♫ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎل اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ اﻵن وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرم اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺸﻰ ُ‬ ‫واﻧﺘﻬﻚ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف‬ ‫وﻗﻞ اﻵﻣﺮون‬ ‫ﻋﺎدت‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻌﺔ اﷲ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮدع ً‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻬﺰأ ُ ﲠﺬه ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻫﻮن ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺻ َﺎر ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٣٤٦١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(١٠١) ١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﺎﳖﺎ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‬ ‫ودﻋﺎة ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ٍ‬ ‫وﻟﲔ وﺣﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪{ z y x w v S :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر‬ ‫| ‪ ،(١٢٥ :l) R‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻳﺬﻛﺮوﳖﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة أو‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺰوﺟﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎره‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ ﺑﻌﺎﻫﺮة َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة أو َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺜﻤﺔ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫أﳘﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻐﲑة؛ وﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫أﳘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻣﻮر؛ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ْ ِ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋَﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ اﷲ ﺑﻪ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﲑا ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺮدون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ً‬ ‫ﲨﻌﺎ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﲥﻢ ﱠأﳖﻢ َ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫راﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮون‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر اﺳ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪j i h g f e d c b S :‬‬

‫‪.(٣١ :`) Rm l k‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺮج َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﱂ ْ َ َأر ِ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻨَﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﻨَﺎ رﺑﻨَﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﻴﻬﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺖ ُﻫﻨ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ُﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬وا ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻮن ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ﱠ َ َ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎل‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ْ ٍ َ‬ ‫دون ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﲆ‪R g f e d c b S :‬‬ ‫ﲡﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫وﳍﺎ؟ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وز َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻤـﺎ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫)`‪َ َ ْ .(٣١ :‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ َ ْ R g f e d c b S :‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة ♫ ﰲ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻔﺮة ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ا ﱠ ُ َْ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨ َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺐ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺪدوا‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴩوا«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫وأ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺪي ♫ ﰲ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﱡ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ R j i h S :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻌﺔ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ورﻣﻀﺎن ِ َإﱃ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳉﻤ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺐ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن؛ ُ َ ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﺟﺘَﻨ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻔﺮات َﻣﺎ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ْ ََ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود ﰲ "اﻟﺰﻫﺪ" )‪.(٣٦٧‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٦٠ /٦‬واﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺬر )‪.(١٦٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬واﳌﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻮﻗﻮف‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٥٨ /٦‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪.(٥٢٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٣٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻮب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﻮم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن‪ ،‬وﳚﺘﻨﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛‬ ‫وﻳﺆﰐ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻻ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ¶ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ِ َﱪان َ ْ‬ ‫وأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه ـ ـ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺖ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات ـ ـ « ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْاﳌﻨ َ ِْﱪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻧﺎ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ُﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮاب‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ؛ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫وﳚْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﻮم َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺐ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﲈﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻼ‪f e d c b S :‬‬ ‫إﳖﺎ َ َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻄﻔﻖ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨﱠﺔ ﱠ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪.(٢)«R j i h g‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻋﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫وﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﺴﺔ واﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ً‬ ‫ﱠﻈﺮة ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ أ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻤﻴﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى إﱃ اﻻﺟﺘﻨﺎب وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻠﻮات‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪g f e d c b S :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ‬ ‫وأداء‬ ‫واﳊﺞ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮم‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪ Rj i h‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲡﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﱂ ﺗﺘﻮﺑﻮا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﱂ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻜﻔﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻔﻌﻮا‬ ‫وإن ﱂ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤١٣/٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٠٠٩‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٣ /١‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ‬ ‫»اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪.(٣٨٨٦ /٤‬‬ ‫ارﻳﲔ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﱃ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘ َﻮ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٤٣٨‬واﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪ ،(٣١٥‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٥٨ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪ .(٤٨ /٤‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﳊﻜﻢ« )‪.(٤٤٧ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ْ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎت؛‬ ‫ورد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ ًَ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﺴﺎﺑﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﺎ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ ًَ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﺴﺎﺑﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﺎ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﻨُﻮا؛ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻣﻦ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﲔ َ َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻓﻖ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨ ُُﻪ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺞ ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﺚ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻊ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﺪﺗﻪ ُ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻮم َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺄ َﻧﺤﻮ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﺿﻮﺋﻲ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻻ َ ُﳛ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ )‪(٥‬‬ ‫ﺻﲆ َ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؛ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬ ‫ﺪث ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ« ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ ﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫وردت أﺣﺎ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮم‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ‬ ‫دﻳﺚ أﺧﺮى ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﳍﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت إﻧﲈ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٦٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٥٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٨٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٤١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٥٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٥٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٥٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ » :‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬‬ ‫واﳉﻤﻌﺔ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ورﻣﻀﺎن ِ َإﱃ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺐ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن؛ ُ َ ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﺟﺘَﻨ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻔﺮات َﻣﺎ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‪ .‬وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺶ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ََ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻬﻮر َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﲢﴬه َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرة ِ َ ﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُْ ٌَ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ﱠ َ ً‬ ‫ورﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ؛ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺴﻦ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫وﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﺎ َ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﺿﻮءﻫﺎ َ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ َ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆت َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱡُ ِ َ ُْ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻔﺮ إﻻ‬ ‫أن ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﱂْ ْ‬ ‫أن ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َُْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮان ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺆت‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﱂ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫رﲪﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠإﻧﲈ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َﻻ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﴤ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺼﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُﻓ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮش‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻮاب ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ أَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻂ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫اﺟﺘَﻨ ََﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻔﺮة‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٥‬ﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ُ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وأﻋﲈل ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﺪ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺣﴬه ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻧﺒﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذاﻛﺮ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻄﻬﺮ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻖ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲆ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٣٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١١٢ /٣‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٣٥٩٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،(١٠٦٠١‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳍﻤﺪاﲏ ﻓﻴﻬﲈ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﱡ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاﺋﻲ واﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ْ َ ّ‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٤٩ ،٤٥ ،٤٤ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳌﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻪ َ َ ﺎ ﻛﺎن ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮت‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ أ ﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﺎن ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺄَ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺻﲆ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﺑﺄ ِﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ﻟﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس؛ ﻫﻞ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ؟ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ ﺳﻮى‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ ﺳﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ أم ﻻ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وذﻫﺐ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪.(١١ :¯)R ã â á à ß Þ S :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎل؛ وﻫﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺮد ﻫﻨﺎ إ ٌ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﻻﻣﺮأة ﱟ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ َ‬ ‫إﴎا ﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺴﻘﻴﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﺑﻴْﻨ ََﲈ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫رأ ْﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻴﻒ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴎ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻄﺶ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺋﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ََﺰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺖ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎد َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫إذ َ َ ُ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺎﻳﺎ َﺑﻨﻲ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫إن ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻨﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻔﺮ َ َﳍﺎ ِﺑﻪ«)‪ْ ،(٢‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﺘﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﴍع ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ‬ ‫وﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎء ﺣﺘﻰ وإن ﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﳌﻦ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻛﻮل إﱃ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮه إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وإن ﺷﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻳﺄﰐ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬إن ﺷﺎء َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﳊﻜﻢ« )‪ ،(٤٢٩ - ٤٢٥ /١‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٢١٣ /٣‬اﻟﺬﺧﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﲑة ﰲ رﺟﺎء اﳌﻐﻔﺮة ﻟﻠﻜﺒﲑة« )‪.(٢٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٦٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٤٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪V U T S R Q P O N S :‬‬ ‫‪h g fe d c b a` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W‬‬

‫‪.(٤٩ :n) Rj i‬‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة ♫‪َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻚ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎء‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮن ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻜﻰ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲡﺘﻤﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﲥﻠﻜﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺮات َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ َ ِ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ًُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؛ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َُﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﻮا ِﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮم َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء َذا‬ ‫ﺑﻄ ِﻦ َواد‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وإن ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮد‪ ،‬وﺟﺎء َذا ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮد َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺰﲥﻢ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻀﺠﻮا ُ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲥﻠﻜﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ُ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ! ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إﻳﺎك‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل؛ َ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﳏﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺮات ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ا ﱠ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َﳍﺎ َ‬ ‫َ َُﱠَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺜﻞ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄرض َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َ ٍْ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﻮا ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌ َﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻔﺮﻗﻮا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎم َﻻ ُ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺮ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻲء ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮوﺛﺔ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻲء َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻲء َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮد َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﲨ َُﻌﻮا ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َِ ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﳚ ُ‬ ‫وﳚ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٢٨٤ /١٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٣١ /٥‬واﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ )‪.(١٠٦٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻋﻮف ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٥١ ،٧٠ /٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ُ .(٤٢٤٣‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﱪة روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ »اﻟﺜﻘﺎت«‪ ،‬وأﺧﺮج ﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ«‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎت؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻨﺪي‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ْ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺬب ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪َ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬﺑﺔ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﺮات‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻠﺤﻮا ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳚ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺒﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﳛﺬر‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﻻ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﲆ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ أن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﱃ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﱃ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮ اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬وﻛﲈ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫داﺋﲈ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﳜﺸﻰ ﻏﻀﺐ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳜﺎف َ‬ ‫واﳌﺆﻣﻦ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ♫ ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﲔ؛‬ ‫ﺪﺛﻨَﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ َﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﻪ َﻛﺄَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ََﻳﺮى ُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫إن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َأ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َﻳﻘﻊ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﻪ َ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﻪ« َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ِِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳜ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ ََﻳﺮى ُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎف َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎب َ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َأ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎب‪ِ ِ ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﻪ‪.(٢) ..‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ٍ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﰲ »ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ« )‪ ،(٢٠٢٧٨‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٢٨٩ /١٣‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻵداب«‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫وإﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪،(٤٠٢ /١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ُ .(٨٣٩‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٣٠٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪..(٢٧٤٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Rg f e d c b a ` _ ^ S :‬‬

‫)§‪.(٣٧ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪h g f e d c b a ` _ ^ ] \ S :‬‬ ‫‪R yx w v u ts r q p o n m l k j i‬‬

‫)‪.(٣٢ ،٣١ :³‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪َ R ts r q p o n m S :(١‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺬاب ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ودون‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪود ﰲ ا ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺣﺶ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻋﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨَﺎؤه‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻔﻮ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Rq p o n m S :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬أي ﻫﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ ‪ ...‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻴﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ R s r S :‬وﻫﻲ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﻪ اﷲ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮا إﱃ ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳛﺮﺻﻮن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺼﻮﻣﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﴩ ﻟﻴﺴﻮا‬ ‫اﻗﱰاﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺧﻮف ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﻗﱰاب ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﻢ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٦٨ /٢٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ِ (٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﻢ ﻋﲆ أﻗﻮال‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱡ‬ ‫دون ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲡﺎوز اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻷﺷﺒﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٦٨ - ٦٢ /٢٢‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٠٦ /١٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻌﻮن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أذﻧﺒﻮا ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎدرون ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﴍ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َﻧﺮى َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﺎﺗِﻨَﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪U T S R Q P S :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻻ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﲈﻟﻨَﺎ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻄﻞ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻠﻨَﺎ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫‪ َ َ َ ،(٣٣ :¬) R Y X W V‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺎت َ ْ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‪{ z y x w v u t s r S :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻮاﺣﺶ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ُ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ََ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻔﻨَﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺎف َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫| } ~‪ َ َ ،(٤٨ :`) R‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﻬﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َﱂْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺟﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎب ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮع‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ؛ َ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫داﺋﲈ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﲠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳜﺸﻮن َ‬ ‫واﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮن ً‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺳﲈع ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب اﷲ‬ ‫ﳜﺸﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻴﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺬاب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻈﻮن‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻓﻮن وﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫وﳜﺎف َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻘﻮن‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﳍﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻬﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﺒﻄﻮن‪ ،‬وﰲ ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ﰲ »ﴍح ﻣﺸﻜﻞ اﻵﺛﺎر« )‪ ،(٢١٣٧‬واﺑﻦ ﻧﴫ ﰲ »ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﺪر‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ إﱃ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ أﻗﺮب‪ ،‬واﷲ اﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﲑ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة« )‪ ،(٦٩٩‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُ َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪F E D C B A @ ? > = S :‬‬ ‫‪RS R Q P O N M L K J I H G‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫)_‪ .(١٣٥ :‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﳌﺘﻘﲔ أن ﻳﻘﻌﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎدرون ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻴﺎر ╚ ﻟﺮأ َﺖ أﻗﻮاﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻧﺒﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮت ﰲ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎدرون‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َأﺻﺎب ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪه َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪yS :‬‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ َ َْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ ،(١١٤ :g) R ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡ ~} | { z‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ِ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ َأ ِﻲ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ ُ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ◙ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ إن‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰل ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻛﺒﲑة اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎد َﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﳍﺎوﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺗﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮغ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺒﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑى َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲑدﻳﻪ ﰲ َ‬ ‫واﳊﺰن ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﻤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ودﻣﻌﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻸ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﰐ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ! ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﷲ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﳛﻚ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ؛ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮارة‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮول ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﴪﻋﺎ إﱃ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﳛﻚ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫وﳛﻚ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻟﻪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ‪» :‬ﻓﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫وﺗﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ«‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ إذا‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰَﻧﻰ‪...‬‬ ‫أﻃﻬﺮك؟« ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ َﱢُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٢٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺋﺒﺔ‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺻﺪرت ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻈﻬﺮي ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺪاﲏ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻧﺤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎدر‪،‬‬ ‫وﺻﺪور‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﴍب‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ٌ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫وﺻﺪور‬ ‫وواﻗﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﳑﻜﻨًﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ّ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ّ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون ـ ـ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺔ ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻻ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮم ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫وﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮه؛ ﺑﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﲡﻮز ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﰲ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪر ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﱠإﻧﻪ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺻﺪر‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻔﺮة ﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲤﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻷن ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺴﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻦ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺬﻧﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ أﳖﻢ‬ ‫أن اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﳜﻄﺌﻮن‪ ،‬وﻛﲈ ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫» ﱠِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻐ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮم ُ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻧﺒﻮن‪ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﳉﺎء ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﺮون‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻧﺒﻮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َْﻟﻮ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻢ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻫﺐ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎرﻋﻮن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدﻗﲔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﲠﻢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮج ﺧﱪ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ واﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ♫ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﰲ ﴍح اﳌﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ« )‪.(١٧١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(١٥٥ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٧٤٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻘﲔ‪C B A @ ? > = S :‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ْ‬ ‫‪RQP ONMLKJIHG FED‬‬ ‫‪_ ^]\[ZYX WVUTS‬‬

‫`‪.(١٣٦ ،١٣٥ :_) R d c b a‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة َ َ‬ ‫وروي ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﴏ ِ‬ ‫ار«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻐﲑة َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺻﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﻮا ِﰲ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َُﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮم َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء َذا‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ َواد‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وإن ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﻘﺮات ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮدٍ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ أَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﺎء َذا ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺰﲥﻢ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻀﺠﻮا ُ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮد‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲥﻠﻜﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ُ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ♫ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻛﺮه ﳍﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﺒﻪ ْ‬ ‫أﴏ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﺪث ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﱰﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ،‬أﺳﺒﻊ ِﻫﻲ؟ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ َ ُﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وَ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ َ ْ ٌ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴏا ٍر)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َﻻ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺮب‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﲔ )‪ ،(٣٦٠٦‬واﻟﻘﻀﺎع ﰲ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﻬﺎب‬ ‫)‪ ،(١١٩٠‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ،‬وﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬وإﺳﻨﺎدﳘﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪.(١٨٨ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑه )‪ (٥٢١٧‬واﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺬر ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑه )‪ ،(١٦٧٠‬واﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎد‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪ .‬ورواه اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻞ ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٩١٩‬ﻋﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن )‪ ،(٦٨٨٢‬ﻋﻦ َﲪﱠﺎد ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫زﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﴫون ا ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ ْ ُ ِ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﻮن‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة ♫ ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﴏا َر؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ُﻗﺪﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨْﻬﺎﻫﻢ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ْ ََ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮن ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ا ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ًُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻮه‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َأ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻷﺣﻨﺎف واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ وا ﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ واﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن اﻹﴏار‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻐﲑة ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻹ ْﴏا َر ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﱠﻔﻮا ﰲ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪.(٣) ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻹ ْﴏار ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ دون ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻻﺗﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮارا ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ إﴏا ًرا ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٦٦ /٦‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة ﺑﺎﻹﴏا ِر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮاﰲ‪ :‬ﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ اﳊﻨﻔﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﴏ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ♫‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪ ،‬وﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة ﻣﻊ إﴏا ٍر‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻛﺬا ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ واﻟﻨﻮوي رﲪﻬﻤـﺎ اﷲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﺮداوي‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺗﻜﺎب‬ ‫ار‬ ‫اﻹﴏ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﲪﻬﻤـﺎ اﷲ‪ :‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع أو أ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﲡﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫إن ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻮاع َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮرت ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﺻﺤﺎﺑِﻨَﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲡﺘﻤﻊ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ« )‪» ،(٢٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﺬﺧﲑة«‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٢٣ /١٠‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٩ /١٣‬ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪» ،(٤٥٦ /١‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٨٦ /٢‬اﻟﻔﺮوع« )‪» ،(٣٣٧ /١١‬اﻹﻧﺼﺎف« )‪.(٤٦ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٣١٠‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» (٤٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٣٥٦ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٣٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻮال ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أن اﻹ ْﴏا َر‬ ‫وأوﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬اﻹ ْﴏا ُر ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا‪ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﻣﺪح ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﱰك اﻹﴏا َر ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﺘﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫آﻓﺔ اﻹﴏا ِر ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪َ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ً‬ ‫وﻗﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱢ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ ﻓﻼ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺒﲑة ﺣﺘﻰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ أو ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﺲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه ً‬

‫)‪(١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٧-٦٥ /٦‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪" ،(٨٦ /٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ" ﻋﻦ اﻗﱰاف اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫)‪.(٣٥٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪" (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ" )‪.(٣٤١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﱪﻫﺎ ﱢ‬ ‫در َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎت‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼف َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ وﻫﻲ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫» ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛ وﻫﻲ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻏﲑ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺬف‪ُ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺄﰐ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﳍﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺤﻮل اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫إن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻔﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻛﻔﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ أﻛﱪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﲈ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ذﻛﺮت‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫وﳎﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮﻳﺔﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻮرود اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﳚﺤﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ا‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻣﺎ دام‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك ّ‬ ‫وﻓﺮﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﱄ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺎﺳﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﲥﺎوﻧﺎ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(٤٨ :`) R~ } | { z y x w v u t s rS :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫أن َﻻ إ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وأن ِﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ا ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه َﻻ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وأن ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪه َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪا َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻚ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر َ ﱞ‬ ‫وروح ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ،‬واﳉَﻨ ُﱠﺔ َ ﱞ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﻢ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ُ ُُ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﻫﺎ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﻪ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ردﻳﻔﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎذ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ!« َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﻌﺪﻳﻚ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﻚ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ!« َ َ‬ ‫» َﻳﺎ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َأ ٍ‬ ‫أن ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺳﻌﺪﻳﻚ‪ً َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﺣﺪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻼ‬ ‫َُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪ْ ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻮا «‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ً ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺒﴩوا؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻪ َ َﺗﺄ ﱡ ًﲈ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ِﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫وأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌﺖ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻓﱰﺿﻬﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺘﻬﻦ َوأَ َ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫وﺻﻼﻫﻦ َ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺿﻮءﻫﻦ َ َ ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮات ْ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫»َْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫رﻛﻮﻋﻬﻦ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ُ َُ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ا ﱠ َْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ دام َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺮج ﻣﻦ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ْﴩ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫رءوس َ َ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺨﻠﺺ َ ُ ً ْ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َﻓﻴﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬أ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻌﲔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ َ ِ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ ً‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٣٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٨‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٢٢٧ /١‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎص ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ‬ ‫إدﺧﺎﻟﻪ اﳉﻨﱠﺔ ﰲ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٢٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦١‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٤٠١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٣١٧ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أﻇﻠﻤﻚ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر؟ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رب‪ُ ُ َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻓﻈﻮن؟ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻲ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َََ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻠﻚ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺨﺮج ِ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬ﺑﲆ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫رب‪ُ ُ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ِﻋﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ًَﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻻ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﺷﻬﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺣﴬ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وزﻧﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫أن َﻻ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪه َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪا َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪ْ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ رب ﻣﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻠﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت؟! َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ََُ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ َ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ َﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َﻫﺬه ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت َ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺔ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ِﰲ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت ِﰲ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻠﺖ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺔ َ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺿﻊ ﱢ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﺎﺷﺖ ﱢ ِ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻘﻞ ﻣﻊ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﳾء«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ا ﱠ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻛﻲ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﴫ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺼﺎر ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ِ ُ‬ ‫ورﺛﺘﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ودﻓﻨُﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺴﻴﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﱰك اﻟﺼﻼة ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ زوﺟﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﺛﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﲑاث ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﲑاﺛﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺒﺘﺖ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮة ﺗﺎرﻛﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎؤﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺪا ﱂ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼة وﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وأﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ«)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ اﳌﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﻟﻜﻔﺮ اﳌﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك َ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻔﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻫﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ؛ ﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل اﷲ‬ ‫إن اﻟﺬي‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،(٤٤ :a) R| { z y x w v u t S :‬وﻫﺬه َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٦٣٩‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٤٣٠٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢١٣ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(١٥٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆوﻟﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ‪ ،‬أو ﱠأﳖﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮب‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ وأﺣﺴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳐﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻏﲑ اﷲ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﲠﺘﺎﻧﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺒﻪ اﱃ اﷲ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬أو َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ أو‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك ﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪r q po n m l k j i S :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﲈﻫﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .(٩ :¯) R } | { z y x w v u t s‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺎﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫رﻣﻰ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ وﻫﻮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ واﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ َ ٍَ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻪ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ اﷲ ☺ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺒﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َﺧﺎﻟﺪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺮ‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻊ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻀﺢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺖ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫»َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻼ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺲ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﺗﻜﺎﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ودﻓِﻨ َْﺖ)‪ .(١‬وﻟﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ ُ ِ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲِ ☺ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻧﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﲏ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﴩ ُﻛﻮا ِﺑﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﴪﻗﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺮه َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ﱢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْﺗﻘ ُ ُﺘﻠﻮا اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰱ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرة َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎب َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎب َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ﱠ َ ٌ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮﻗﺐ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮه ِ َإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﱰه اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ََ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﱰه اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪» :(٢‬وﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎب َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮه ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬إذا َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪" (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ" )‪.(١١٤ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﴫﻳﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺼﻮص اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻹﲨﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ٌ ِ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﴍب اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫أﰐ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺠﻠﺪه؛ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪ :‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ّ -٤‬ﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ ْﺗﻠﻌﻨُﻮه‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِ ِﺑﻪ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻮا ﱠ َﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ا ﱠَ ََ ُ َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﴩك وﻻ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ♫)‪ :(٢‬أﲨ َُﻌﻮا ﱠ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺈﻳﲈﻧِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﺎع ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎرق‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬وإﲨ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك ﻻ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﲨﺎع ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﴩ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫إﻻ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪:(٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ وﻓﻴﻪ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ دون ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﱢﱠ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ٌ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻮد ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪:(٦‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ☺ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﺤﻮد ْ‬ ‫َﺎدا‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻮدا وﻋﻨ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﻤـﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أن ْ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٧٨٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﲨﺎع« )‪.(٥٤ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٤١ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٦٠ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٣٥٠ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬اﻟﺼﻼة وﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺎرﻛﻬﺎ« )‪.(٧٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎد اﻹﻳﻤـ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫وأﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱢوﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﺳﻤـﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺴﺠﻮد‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎده؛ ﻓ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن وإﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎد‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻨ ِﱠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﲇ ً‬ ‫وﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺎﻛﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻃﻠﻘﻪ اﷲ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ُﻳﻨ َْﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫َﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺎرك اﻟﺼﻼة ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ ٌ‬ ‫ﺰل ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك إذا ﻣﺎﺗﻮا وﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﻣﺎ داﻣﻮا ُ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻻَ ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﷲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮره‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪﻳﻦ‪َ /‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﻛﲈ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﳍﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﻋﱠﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﻮا‬ ‫ﻋﺬﲠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈذا ُ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ َ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻓﻨُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﲆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻨُﻮن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ ﻓﻴ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ‬ ‫ﻘﺼﺔ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ْ ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ َ ،‬ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﳛَ َﻚ‪ْ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺗﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ..‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺎ ُرﲨﺖ ـ ـ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ ـ ـ ﻗﺎل ☺‪:‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫» ﱠِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺖ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺲ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻓِﻨ َْﺖ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ اﷲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﲇ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َﻳﺎ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺳﻌﺘﻬﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺖ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫زﻧﺖ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨَﺔ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺟﺪت َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫َﻔﺴﻬﺎ ِ ﱠ ِ َﺗ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﱃ؟«‪.‬‬ ‫أن َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎدت ﺑ ِﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ودﻓِﻨ َْﺖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲇ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫أن ً ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﱰف ِ ﱢ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ◙ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ َْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺮض َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫آﺣﺼﻨ َْﺖ« َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻮن« َ َ‬ ‫» َأ ِ َﻚ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻢ ِ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﲆ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ«‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻼم ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎد‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٩٥‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻫﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ أﰊ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎد » َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ وأﰊ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲇ«‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫رواة‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ ّ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﱪي ﱢ‬ ‫داود‪» .‬إﻛﲈل ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٥٢٣ /٥‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي )‪.(٢٠٤ /١١‬‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أذﻟﻘﺘﻪ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎرة َﻓﺮ‪ِ َ ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎت‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺧﲑا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺻﲆ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ََُْْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄدرك َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ُ .(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ذا‪:‬‬ ‫وأﲨﻊ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺠﻮز‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ﻳـ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ‪َ :(٢)‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا أو َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وراﺛﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﲔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﺋﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻬﻢ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‪ ،‬وﳍﺬا ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء وﻟﻮ ﱂْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ إذا ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻛﲈ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أردﻧﺎ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫دﻓﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ أ ﱠﺎ إذا ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻨَﺎه ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺻﲇ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻜﺬا ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ إﺟﺎزة ﱠ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﺪ ♫)‪َ :(٤‬‬ ‫أﲨﻊ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ أم ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻮاء َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻻ إ إﻻ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء َﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﻻ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳚ ْﺰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ْ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (٦٨٢٠‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬و)‪ ،(٦٨٢٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٦٩١‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ وأﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ أ ﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ؟ َ‬ ‫¶‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬رواه‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬رواه َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺮ؟ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪» ،(٣٣١ /٦‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٢١ /٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ« )‪.(٦٥٣ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪ« )‪.(٢٥٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ♫)‪ :(١‬أﲨ َُﻌﻮا ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أي ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺠﺐ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫أذﻧﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر وﻻ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ﻛﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪﻋﲔ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﳌﺬاﻫﺐ؛‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﲨﺎع« )‪ .(٣٥ /١‬وﰲ اﳌﺴﺄ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺎرﺑﲔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲆ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ أ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻐﺎة ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲆ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻷﻇﻬﺮ أ ﻪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ دام‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻬﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ َ ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪» ،(٢٢٠ /٢‬اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى اﻟﻜﱪى« ﻻﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫)‪.(١٩ ،١٨ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك إذا ﻣﺎﺗﻮا وﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﲠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﻛﲈ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺷﺎء اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ون ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ﻻ ُﳜ ﱠﻠﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﳍﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﲠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وإن ﺷﺎء ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ أن ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َُﱠ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن اﳉﻨﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن ً‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذر اﻟﻐﻔﺎري ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻮب‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ٌ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َأ َ ُﻴﺘﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻘَﻆ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ٌ ﱠ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َأ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺾ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﴎق؟ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ َ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وإن َ َ َ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﴎق؟ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﴎق«‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﴎق« َ َ ً‬ ‫وإن َ َ َ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ذر َ ُ َ‬ ‫ذر«‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮج َأ ُﻮ َ ﱟ‬ ‫رﻏﻢ أَ ْﻒ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ِ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫ذر)‪.(١‬‬ ‫رﻏﻢ َأ ْ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻠﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳜَ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﳖﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫وﺧﺺ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻮارج واﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٢‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر«‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻗﻠﺖ َأ َﺎ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٣٣١ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٧٥ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢٣٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪون ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻹﻳﲈن‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﴩك ﻻ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺐ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ُﻣ ِﴫا ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ َﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺘﺎن؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ّ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ أن‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻣﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﻠﻪ وأن ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮدوس‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٩٧ /١١ ،١١١ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ‬ ‫واﻋﺘﻘﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻞ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫واﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢ :d) RG F E D C B‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪RF E D C B A @ ? > = < S :‬‬

‫)®‪.(٤ :‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﱠﺑﻮب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ♫ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳜ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮج َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻻَ إ ِ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﳜْ ِ‬ ‫وزن َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﱠُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮج َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﲑة ْ‬ ‫ﱠُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وزن َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻻ َ إ ِ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﳜْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ْ ُ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذرة ْ‬ ‫ﱠُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮج َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزن ُ ﱠﺑﺮة ْ‬ ‫َِْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ َ ْ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫إﻳﲈن« َ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ«‪ .‬وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ِ » :‬ﻣﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َ ٍْ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪل » ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲔَُِْ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻗﺎل ☺ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻮة‪ َ » :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪل َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻬﺎد ُة ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن؛ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﻄﺮ ِﰲ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ َﻣﺎ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﲇ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﲤﻜﺚ ﱠ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ اﳉﻬﻨﻲ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ؛ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻜﺢ ِ ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ ِ ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫وأﺣﺐ ِ ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ ََﻊ ِ ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ََ‬ ‫واﻵﺛﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ«)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﻤﻞ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٥٢١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤٠ /٣‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(١٦/٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻳﲈن ُ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ﲪَﻞ أ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ب ََْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪ «..‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻳﲈن اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ب َ َُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬ ‫زاد َ ُ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻹﻳﲈن‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫زﻧﻰ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻘﻄﻊ رﺟﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱡ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻈﻠﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﻗﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ِ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُﻫ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮة‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫راﺟﻌﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وراﺟﻊ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻻم َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ َ -٣‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ب ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴪ ُق ِ َ‬ ‫ب َ َُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺰع ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ♫‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ُﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﺗﺎب َﻋﺎد ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﺷﺒﻚ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟ َﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺷﺒﻚ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وإﲨﺎع ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎرق‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك ﻻ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٦٩٠‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٢ /١‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳍﺎد ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ »اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪ (١٦‬واﳋﻼل ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻨﺔ« )‪.(١٢٥٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٨٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٤١ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻬﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﴫﻳﻦ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻄﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺼﻮ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻮا َ َ ْ‬ ‫وإن ﻣﺎﺗﻮا ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إن ُ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﻘﻮن‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮل ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪور ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ أو‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﻳﺮاه‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺮﻣﲔ؛ ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ S :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻈﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫½ ¾ ¿ ‪َ ،(١٦١ :^) R Â Á À‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪Í Ì Ë S :‬‬ ‫‪.(١٨ :g) RÏ Î‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﳌ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺮﺗﻜﺒﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫وﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻟﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﴆ ْ َ ً‬ ‫إﲨﺎﻋﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ً‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮام؛ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﱠََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ ‪ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﻟﻌﻦ ٍ‬ ‫َ ِ َِ‬ ‫ِ َِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ ‪َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن أو ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻋﲆ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫أو ً‬ ‫ﻛﺄﰊ‬ ‫َﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬أو ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨَﺎ ﺑﻨ ﱟ‬ ‫ْ ﱟ‬ ‫داﺑﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ َﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ْ ٍ‬ ‫وإﺑﻠﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﺠﻮز ﻟﻌﻨُﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻳـ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ـ ـ ـ وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫أم ﻻ؟‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ـ ـ ـ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺤﻚ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ِﲪ ًَﺎرا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ٌ ِ‬ ‫اب‪ِ ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ُْﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺪ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪ :‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰐ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪه ﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٦٠ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٧ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ ْﺗﻠﻌﻨُﻮه‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِ ِﺑﻪ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻮا ﱠ َﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺐا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﴬﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻜﺮان‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﰐ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻪ ِ َﺑﺜ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻧﴫف‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻪ ﺑِﻨ َْﻌﻠﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻪ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه‪َ ،‬وﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﻤﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮن ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮا َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﺧﺰاه ا ﱠ ُ ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻜﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ )‪(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ْاﻟ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺒﻮﻧﻪ؛ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ُ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم َ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫أدﺑﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ ‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ُْﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺰه‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ◙ اﻵﰐ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎرب‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أ َ ِﺎﲏ ِ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺎﴏ َﻫﺎ‪َ َ ِ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎرﲠﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺘﴫﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻬﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ◙ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﳛَُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎرب‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َُﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٦٧٨٠‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺰار )‪ ،(٢٦٩‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْﺗﻠﻌﻨ ْﻪ؛ َ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺐا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زاﺋﺪة أْي‪ :‬ﻓﻮ اﷲ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب اﳉﻤﻊ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ«‪ .‬وﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ :(٧٨ /١٢‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ َُ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل ُ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﳛ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫واﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﳏﺬوﻓﺎ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ أ ﱠﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻒ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮءا‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﺄ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أو ﻓﻴﻪ ُ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮا‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٦٧٨١‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(٥٢٦٨‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻨ ُﻮا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫اﷲ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻮا َرﲪ ََﻚ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ااﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٢٦٩٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎج اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ« )‪.(٥٧٣/٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﻦ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ -٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻻﺷﻬﺪاء‪ ،‬ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََِِْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ؛ ﻛﻘﻮﻟِﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻣﻪ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻌﺎء َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﻮن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ«‪ .‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫وروي ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﺑﻪ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺨﻌﻲ‪َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻮاز‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ واﻟﻨﻮوي اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ﻋﺪم‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﴆ ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﰲ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﺼﻨﻒ« ﻻﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪» ،(٢٤ /١١‬اﻟﺴﻨﺔ« ﻟﻠﺨﻼل ﰲ )‪» ،(٥٢٣ /٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري«‬ ‫)‪ ،(٨١ /١٢‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎج اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٥٧٣/٤‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر )‪ ،(٢٠٩/٦‬ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻼم )‪.(٢١١ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٨٩ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻦ ّ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﻟ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﻟﻌﻨُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ ﻣﺎ ﱂْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﲔ ﻻ ﳚﻮز إﻻ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺮا‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري« ﻻﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﺎل )‪» ،(٤٠٢ /٨‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٨١ ،٧٦/١٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(١٨٩/٢‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎج اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ« )‪.(٥٦٩/٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎري‬ ‫ﻮب ْاﻷَ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ َ ِأﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫• ‪ْ َ       ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ِ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﳞﺠﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ َأ ْن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺧﲑﳘﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َِْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺮض َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺮض َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ِ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼم«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ُ ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻴﺎن َ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫• ‪          ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(١١٣ :g) R m l k j i h gS :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ِ R k j i S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ ُ ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﳖﺎ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺎة‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ وﰲ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮان ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳖﻰ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻨَﺎ َأﳞﺎ ﱠ َ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻐﲑوا َﻟﻨَﺎ‪.(٣)..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻒ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻨَﺒَﻨَﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮان ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وزﺟﺮا ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺘﻬﻢ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﲑا ﳍﻢ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺬف‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رأى َ ُ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪َ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺬف‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺬف‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫ﲣﺬف‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮه َ ْ َ‬ ‫َِْ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳖﻰ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫رآه َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﻘﺄُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎد ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﴪ ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪو‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺪ َوﻻَ ُﻳﻨ َْﻜﻰ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ ﱞ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲔ« ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٧٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٦٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٠٨ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٤١٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٧٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٠٠ /١٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳖﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺬف‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺮه‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﳋَ ْﺬف َ ْأو َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﺛﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺬف‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻠﻤﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﲣﺬف ﻻَ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وأ ْ َﺖ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ َﱠﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮان ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﰲ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﱡ‬ ‫از ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳊﻆ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻓﻼ ﳜﻠﻮ ﱠإﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْﺼﺤﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻐﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻌﺮض ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﱰا ﲠﺎ وﻳﻐﻠﻖ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺴﻘﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﻦ‪ .‬وإن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﺮاب‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎس أو‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮا‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻈﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻬﺠﺮه ً‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼة ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻼ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا إن َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫واﳖﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻗﺎت ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺮه ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻫﺠﺮه ﰲ اﷲ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﺎع‬ ‫وﳛﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻋﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وإﻻ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ أن ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫وﻫﺪﻳﺘﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﻼﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أن َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﲥﻢ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻫﺬا َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺠﻮر ِ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻔﻬﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻠﺘﻬﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﺮﲥﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺄدﻳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ورﺟﻮع ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﴤ ﻫﺠﺮه إﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪ْ .‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫راﺟﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﴩوﻋﺎ‪ .‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﺧﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪع ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑه َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻻ ا َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳌﻬﺠﻮر وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﱢ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة ذﻟﻚ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ِع‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﳍﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ َ ُ‬ ‫راﺟﺤﺔ ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﱂْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﱠ‬ ‫ﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻔﻊ‬ ‫واﳍﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄ ُ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ؛ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس أ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس أ َ َ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫آﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وﳞﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻳﺘﺄ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄ ﻴﻒ؛ وﳍﺬا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨ ّ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٤٧٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٥٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٦٠٨ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺣﻖ اﳉﺎر« )‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪(٢٠٦ /٢٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪h g f e d c b a ` _ ^ ] \ S :‬‬

‫‪.(٤ :t) R o n m lk j i‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا إذا‬ ‫ﺗﺮد‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺮف ﲠﺎ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫وأﴏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻄﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ اﳊﻨﻔﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻻ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﴍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺎرب‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪ ،‬أو َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎرق‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎذف ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻟﻮط‪ ،‬وﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺗﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﻣﻦ رؤوس‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وآﻛﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ اﳉﺪ ا ﺎﻟﻜﻲ)‪ :(٢‬ﻣﻦ أ َﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﺎدﺗﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲡﺰ ﺷ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫َُْ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺤﺎب‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وردت‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ َ َ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻖ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ اﳊﻨﺒﲇ)‪َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻻ ََُْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎذف‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﻘﺎل ♫)‪ :(٥‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ♫‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮة ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ار ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺮد ﲠﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺣﺔ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻹ ْﴏ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(٢٧٠ ،٢٦٩ ،٢٦٨ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ )‪.(١٠٠ /١٧ ،٨١ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪.(٩ /١٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ )‪.(١٦٩ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﲨﺎع« )‪.(١٣٨ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻫﺬا ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮ ﲠﺎ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻮره‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮرا‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫واﺷﺘﻬﺮ ُ ُ‬ ‫َََ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮة‪ ،‬أو ﻛﺎن ْ ُ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻚ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‬ ‫وﳚﻮز‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ِ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻳﺆﻣﺮ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َوﻻَ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺼﻴﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ُ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻨ َُﺎه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻧﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ْ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﴪﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺮﻫﻨَﺎ‪َ ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ َ‬ ‫أن َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ َﻣﻨ َْﺸﻄﻨَﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﴪﻧﺎ‪ٍ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا َ َ ً‬ ‫أن َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وأن َﻻ ُﻧﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫وأ َ َﺮة َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُْ َِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮوا ُ ْ ً‬ ‫َﺎزع ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻛﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﷲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﺎن«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺮه ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ َ -٣‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﲑه َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﱪا َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﱪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ْ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪َ :(٤‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻊ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱡْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻼم‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ُُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻮق‪ ،‬وﻻ َﳚِ ُ‬ ‫ﳜَ ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻪ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﲣﻮﻳﻔﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲡﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ِ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٩٥٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٨٣٩‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٠٥٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٠٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٤٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪(٢٤٧ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(١‬وأﻣﺎ اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺮام‬ ‫وﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ‬ ‫ُُ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮت‬ ‫ﻇﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ ﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺰل ﱡ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وأﲨ ََﻊ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﺐ ِ‬ ‫وﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﻌﺰاﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﺴﺎد ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذات َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ُُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻦ‬ ‫وإراﻗﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻟﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺴﺪة ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬إن َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ واﳋ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺴﺪة ﱡ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪،(٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻮده َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺘﻠﺔ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﷲ َ ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢٢٩ /١٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪاودي‪ :‬اﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ أﻣﺮاءِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ :(٨ /١٣‬وﻧﻘﻞ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر أ ﱠﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ْﻓﺘﻨ ٍَﺔ وﻻ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮاﺟﺐ‬ ‫وﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وإﻻ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إن ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻔﺴﺪة ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫وﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا إذا َﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳌ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺔ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪،‬‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﱠأﳖﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﻮا َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫وزوﺟﺘﻪ‪{ z y x w v u S :‬‬ ‫آدم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ َ‬ ‫وذﻧﺒﻪ ♠ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫| } ~ ¡ ‪ُ ،(١٢١ :p) R ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺄ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻮح ♠‪Ö Õ Ô Ó Ò Ñ Ð Ï S :‬‬ ‫× ‪,+ * ) ( '& % $ # " ! Þ Ý Ü Û Ú Ù Ø‬‬ ‫‪A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 43 2 1 0 / . -‬‬

‫‪.(٤٧-٤٥ :g) R O N M L K J I HG F E D C B‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫أﺧﻄﺄ ♠ ﺣﻴﺚ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ R.. @ ? > = S :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻻ ﻳﺴﺄ َﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ♠‪e d c b a ` _ ^ S :‬‬ ‫‪Rt s r q p o n m l k j i h g f‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ َ ً‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺌﻮه‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻌﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ♠‬ ‫وذﻧﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ .(٨٧ :q‬وﻫﺬا ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺑﻪ‪ .‬إﱃ ِ‬ ‫♠أ ﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ُ َ ً‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺎﺿﺒﺎ ﱠإﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬وﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض‪ :‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب )ص‪.(٢١ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺘﻪ‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰرى ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﲢﻂ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء ْ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف َ‬ ‫أن اﻷ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮع ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ََُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ؛‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوأ َﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺪﺛﲔ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳋﻠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻒ إﱃ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وذﻫﺐ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻷﺧﺒﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ‬ ‫وﺣﺠﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ؛ ُ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ واﻟﻨ َﱠﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺼﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻨَﺎ إﱃ ْ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪» .‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٥٧٤ /١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٥٤ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؛‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻞ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺔاﻷ ﺒﻴﺎء ﰲ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ♫)‪َ َ ْ :(١‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫رذﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ اﳌﻔﴪ)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؟ ﺑﻌﺪ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮات اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ ﱠأﳖﻢ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻮن‬ ‫أﲨﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رذﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﲔ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻮن ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮات اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ♫)‪ :(٣‬اﻷ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق‪.‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪.(٢٥١ /٤ ،٣٥٣ ،٢١١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٩٩ /٣ ،٣٠٨ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪ .(٣٥ /١‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻹﲨﺎع أ ًﻀﺎ‪ :‬ا ﺎزري‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪» ،(٢٦٦ /٣‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪» ،(٧٢ /٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪/٧‬‬ ‫‪» ،(١٥٨‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪» ،(٣١٩ /٤‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٦٩ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﳚﻮز‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R å ä ã â á à ß Þ Ý Ü S :‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)¬‪ُ ِ ،(١٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ! َ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫وﳛ َﻚ‪ْ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﳛَ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﺮﺟﻊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ اﷲَ َ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«‪َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ َإذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﷲِ! َ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻃﻬﺮك؟« َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻢ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ» :‬أ ِ ِﻪ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ُﻮن؟« َ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻪ َﻟﻴﺲ ِﺑﻤﺠﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ُﻮن‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫رﻳﺢ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳚ ْﺪ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْﻜﻬﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲬﺮا؟« َ َ َ‬ ‫أﴍب َ ْ ً‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٍَْ‬ ‫أزﻧﻴﺖ؟« َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲬﺮ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ ْ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻓِ ِﻴﻪ ِ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺘﲔ‪ٌ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺣﺎﻃﺖ ِﺑﻪ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺋﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ٌِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿﻊ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ َ َ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ َ ْأو َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎرة‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺜﻮا ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻠﻨﻲ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﺪه‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮوا ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺰ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮس‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ََ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْﻟﻮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻟ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺰ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺳﻌﺘﻬﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ﱠأﻣﺔ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ ْ َْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺴﻚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ َ -٣‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻨَﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪R ~ } | { z y x w v u t s r S » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ادﺧﺮت َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫دﻋﻮﰐ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫)`‪َ َ (٤٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻜﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ ﱠ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ ْ َ َ ِ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ِﳑﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ورﺟﻮﻧﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﻘﻨَﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ٍ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ َأ ْ ُﻔﺴﻨَﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺆال اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ َﻣﺎﺗﻮا وﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻮا‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ أﲨﻌﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻮز‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﲠﺤﺮب ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﴎﻳﺞ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪،(٥٨١٣‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮد َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(١٧٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ﻓﻴﴩح ﻣﺸﻜﻞ اﻵﺛﺎر )‪ ،(٢١٣٧‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺘﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﳌﺮﺗﻜﺒﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﺑﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر َ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻮا َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ُ ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر« ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﺸﻬﺎدﺗﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة اﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِإﻳ َﲈن«)‪ُ َ ُ ،(١‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮدل ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺎل َ ﱠ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺼﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ٌ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻳﲈن وﻻ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫دﻋﻮة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺘﺒﻲ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﻳﺪ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َُِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺘﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫دﻋﻮﰐ َ َ َ ً ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﺠﻞ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫دﻋﻮة ُ ْ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ ُ ِ » :(٣‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺄت‬ ‫وإﲏ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫دﻋﻮﺗﻪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺘﻲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫دﻋﻮﰐ َ َ َ ً ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ََِْ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻠﺔ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ ُ ﱠ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ ِ َﺷًْﻴﺌﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻤﺖ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮﺳﻪ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳛُ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َأره ِﰲ ﻣﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذات َ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎﻣﻪ‪ِ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻈﺮ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َأ َﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻫﺒﺖ َأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪم َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﲏ َﻣﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪َ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎذ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﺎ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻔﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻨَﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﺰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﳖﲈ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻢ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ؟ َأ َ ِﺎﲏ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮت َ َ َ‬ ‫آت‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرون َأ ْ َﻦ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ُ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﱰت‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﲑﲏ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﰊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٤٧٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ«‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻚ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﳚََ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻻ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻨَﺎ ِﰲ َ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! ْ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ادع َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِﰲ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻲ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺘﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫» َأ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ِ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻲ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬وأﲨﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َﻣﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺳﺐ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﳚﺘﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﻋﲈﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺴﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎت وﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ووازن اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎوت‬ ‫رﺟﺤﺖ ﺣﺴﻨ َُﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎوت ﻓﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺤﺴﻨ َِﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﺤﺖ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ َُﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺮاف‪ .‬وﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ اﳋﺎرﺟﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﲈﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ت اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺)‪ِ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺎ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺗﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ َ ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺟﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛ ْ ً‬ ‫واﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻟﻔﻮا ﰲ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﻮارج‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ذﻟﻚ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﲆ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺎدا ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳉﲈﻋﺔ ُ ﱠ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ُ :(٥‬‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻘﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ أﲨﻌﲔ‬ ‫رﺿﻮان اﷲ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ َُﻦ ﻣﻦ أ ﻪ ☺ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻔﺎﺿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(٤٠٤ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٧٣٩‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٤٣٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢١٣/٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳌﺤﲆ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎر« )‪.(٦٣ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح اﻟﻄﺤﺎوﻳﺔ« )‪.(٢٩٠ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٢٢٢ /٧ ،٣٠٩ /٤ ،٣١٨ ،٣١٣ ،١٥٣ ،١١٦ ،١٠٨ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄي ْ ٍ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻔﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫☺ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫داﺋﲈ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺮأة ﻋﲆ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ﱠ‬ ‫واﳌﺆﻣﻦ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫رﲪ ََﺔ اﷲ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻔﺮان‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫وﳜ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎف َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪.(١٦١ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ُْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ،‬أو ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫أﴍك ﺑﺎﷲ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ً‬ ‫ﴎق َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬاوﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮﻟﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ‪ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ﱢَ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪£ ¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y x w S :‬‬

‫‪.(٦٠ ،٥٩ :o) R ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪- , + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 0 / .‬‬ ‫@ ‪O NM L K J I H G F E D C B A‬‬

‫‪.(٧١-٦٨ :u) R \ [ Z Y X W V U T S R Q P‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ُﻪ‪R ¬ « ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ S :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ِ ،(٦٧ :x‬ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑة ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫آﻳﺎت‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ب ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ِ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫ َﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﺿﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة أو‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ َ‬ ‫إرﺷﺎد َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺑُﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻮﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﺿﺔ‪ ،‬أي‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ أﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺧﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫وأوﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ذﻟﻚ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫وﻟﻄﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ٌ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨١٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪.(١٥٩ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ ﻓﻴﻘﺼﺔ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ واﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﺮﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﳛَ َﻚ‪ْ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟﻚ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ..‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺎ رﲨﺖ ﻗﺎل ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﷲَ َ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«‪َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺖ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻓِﻨ َْﺖ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻔﺮ َﻟُﻪ«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺲ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻨَﺎه ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﺈﲨ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫َﺎع‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ إﻻ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ وﻫﻲ ُ َ ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﻐ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺰ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮﺿﻬﲈ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﱂ ْﻳﻘﻨ َْﻊ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﺳﻘﻮط‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﱪاءة‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﴏا ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﲢﺼﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﺎرا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻮﺣﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﴚء ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﴍوﻃﻬﺎ‬ ‫وأن ُﳜِ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺎف أن ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن َ ُ ً‬ ‫َُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻴﻘﻦ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻴﻘﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻘﻰ اﳌ ِ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫دون ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﱪاءة‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﺄرادا‬ ‫داﺋﲈ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻌﺼﻴﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫وإﺛﻤﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﲈل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﺮق إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ ﱠ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِﰲ َ ِﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٧‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄَ َ ُﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻌﲔ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ َ ِ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَ َﻰ َ ً‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺎ َ َ‬ ‫إﻧﺴﺎﻧﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٩٩ /١١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥٧٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٠٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(١٧٣ /١٣‬ﻃﺮح اﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ« )‪.(٤٠ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺟﻞ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺔ َ َ‬ ‫اﺋﺖ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ؟ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻻ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ْ َْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺼﻤﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨَﺎء ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﺔ َ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄدرﻛﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺪره َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َََْ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄوﺣﻰ ا ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫أن َ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪي‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأوﺣﻰ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ َﻫﺬه َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﰊ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ ْأﻗﺮب ِ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َﻬﲈ‪َ َ ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﱪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺴﻮا َﻣﺎ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﴩوﻋﻴﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻷ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ‬ ‫أن اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ إذا َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫وﳛْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻔﺲ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﻞ ﺑﺮﺿﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺖ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوة ْﺑﻦ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺰوة َ ْ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫ » َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰐ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻫﺎ«‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪ْ َ ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻄﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﻨ َْﺖ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺰوﺟﺖ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َََ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﻓﻊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠإﻧﲈ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔُﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض♫)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬أو رﲪ َُﺔ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َُ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴍوﻃﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺪم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺄوﳍﺎ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻼع‪ .‬وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻮق إﱃ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ أو َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وراﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮدة‪.‬‬ ‫أن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم َ َ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﻣﺴﻬﺎ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﴎق‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻏﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬أو ا َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻮع ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت‪ .‬وﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺳﺎدﺳﻬﺎ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺰول‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺮﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب أو ﺳﻨﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱡ ْ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ )‪.(١٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٥١٧ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٦٤٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٥ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎت‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻠﻮات َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ورﻣﻀﺎن ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ اﷲ ﲠﺎ ً‬ ‫وﻃﻬﺎ اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﴩ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻛﻮل إﱃ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ؛ إن َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y x w v u t s r S :‬‬

‫‪.(٤٨ :`) R § ¦ ¥ ¤ £‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز اﳌﻐﻔﺮةِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪل ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﲠﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} | { z y x w v u t S :‬‬

‫~ ¡ ‪.(٥٣ :¤) R ª © ¨ § ¦¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻮع ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮان ا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ أﰊ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮان ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻔﺮان ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك ﺑﺎﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮى ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱠﺎ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ْ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫أﴎي ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ َْﺘﻬﻰ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ِ َإﱃ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ ☺ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻲ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‪َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺪرة ْ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(١٩١ /١٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح اﻟﻄﺤﺎوﻳﺔ« )‪.(٥٢٨ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ ْ َ ِ ُِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َﱂ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ْك ﺑﺎﷲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﺗﻴﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﻄﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫وﻏﻔﺮ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺤﲈت«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ ُ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﱂ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴩك ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ‬ ‫وﻏﻔﺮت ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ‪ ،‬واﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ْ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺤﲈت َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻪ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲥﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ ِ ْ ُ » :(٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺤﲈت«‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻮردﻫﻢ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﲠﺎ ُ ِ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺤﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ُ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ْ‬ ‫ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﴩك ﺑﺎﷲ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻔﺮاﳖﺎ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫اﳌﴩﻛﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ـ ـ واﷲ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﲨﺎع ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ً‬ ‫إﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِع‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻮص ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮرت‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺻﻼ؛ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺣﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺎة ﻣﻦ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺳﺒﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ ُ ِ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫َِْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﴪﻗﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻧﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﲏ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﴩ ُﻛﻮا ﺑﺎﷲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُُْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺮه َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎب‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ﱢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮا اﻟﻨﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰱ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﱰه اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرة َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎب َ ً ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ﱠ َ ٌ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻮﻗﺐ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ًْ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮه ِ َإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ََُْ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر إذا َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٣ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٢٢٤ /١١‬اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ﴍح اﳌﻮﻃﺄ« )‪.(٢٢١ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻓﱰﺿﻬﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺿﻮءﻫﻦ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮات ْ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫رﻛﻮﻋﻬﻦ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺘﻬﻦ َوأَ َ ﱠﻢ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺻﻼﻫﻦ َ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َﻳ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺗﺮك اﻟﺼﻼة‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺒﻠﺖ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب َ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ إذا ﱂ ُﻳﺘﺐ‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﰲ أ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻫﺬا ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺔ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ♫)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫إن ﱂ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺋﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﳍﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﲠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺘﻪ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء َ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ ،‬إن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﲪ َِﺘﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻬﻢ إﱃ ﺟﻨ ِﱠﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُﳜْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺼﲑه إﱃ اﷲ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ْ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎت‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺠﺮﻣﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻔﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﲠﺬا ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻗﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﴚ‬ ‫أﴏ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺒﺎِﺋﺮ وﱂْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳜ َﺸﻰ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﺟﺮﻳﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﻴﺒﺘﻪ ُ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺑﲈ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ﴍح اﳌﻮﻃﺈ« )‪.(٢٢١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح اﻟﻄﺤﺎوﻳﺔ« )‪.(٥٢٤ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪ ،(٤٩ /٤‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﻨﻬﺎج ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪» ،(٤٠٠ /١‬ﴍح أﺻﻮل اﻋﺘﻘﺎد أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﳉﲈﻋﺔ« )‪» ،(١١٢٩ /٦‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(١٧٥ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٥٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﺸﺆم َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻒ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬أو ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬أو أ ﱠﻪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺴﺦ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﳜَ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮض‪ ،‬أو ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺮي ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﳍﺎ؛‬ ‫إزﻋﺎج‬ ‫اﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ﱂْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮت ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﳍﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﴐب‬ ‫ﻣﻸ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻬﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺢ واﳋﴪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳞﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ان‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﱡ‬ ‫وﻇﻬﻮر ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺰان‪،‬‬ ‫ﳞﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤ ِ‬ ‫وذات ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﲈل‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫ﳞﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﳞﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻒ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪.(١٠٨ :s) R ? > = < ;S :‬‬ ‫اﳉﺒﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬

 

  

 



ِ‫ﺒﺔﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮِ ﻣ‬‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬  : ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‬

ً  :‫أوﻻ‬  :‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ً ً  :‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬  :‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬ ً  :‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬ ً  :‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬ ً  :‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬ ً  :‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨًﺎ‬  :‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬ ً  : ‫ﴍا‬ ً ‫ﻋﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ ـــ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺣِﻴﺪ‪: ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ْ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ -(١‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٢‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٣‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻳﺬاء اﷲ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ -(٤‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ -(٥‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ َ ِ -(٦‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨ َُﺠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن ُ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﺎ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺠﻤﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎن واﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫)‪ ُ َ ْ -(٧‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٨‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ -(٩‬ﺳﺐ ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻀﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ☺ أو ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﺪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(١٠‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄ ﱢﻲ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(١١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(١٢‬‬ ‫رﲪَﺔ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ -(١٣‬‬ ‫ﺎذ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫)‪ -(١٤‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﲣ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻻة‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ ُ -(١٥‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ إﱃ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ُﺳﻨ ًﱠﺔ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(١٦‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﺪﻋﺔ أو َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أو أي ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪم ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(١٧‬‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ّ ُ ُ ْ -(١٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻜﺎ ﻳﻌﺒﺪوﻧﻪ‬ ‫وأﻻ ﻳﺘﺨﺬوا ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮدوه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺪوﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫دون اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.(٣٦ :`) RjihgS :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﷲ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دﻋﻮة ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻞ ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪& % $ # " S :‬‬ ‫وﺟﺎءت‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫' ( ) * ‪.(٢١ :«) R 4 3 2 1 0 / . - , +‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢِ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍ ُ‬

‫‪☺ ‬‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻜﻢ ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟« َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﱪ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬أﻻَ ُأ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺲ َ َ َ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬ﺑﲆ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ«‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬أﻻَ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُﱠ ًِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ـ ـ َْأو ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق ْ َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ـ ـ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ََ» :‬أﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻜﻢ ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ـ ـ «‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ـ ـ َ ْأو َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ُأ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وأﻛ َ ُﱪ َﻇﻨﱢﻲ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫و َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﰊ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ْ َ ِ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻦ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس؟‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذب«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٦٥٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ ) ‪.(٨٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٦٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٩٢٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ :(١‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋُِﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮب ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎن‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ِ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ُﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺆﰐ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﻮم َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫وﳚ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺐ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اك ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓِﺮار ِﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ٌ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺳﺄ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻮه‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎس ♫‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠﺠﺪات‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﺎ َﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫أراﻫﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺴﻠﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺖ ُ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ََ ِِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮت َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ؟ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ َﻫﺬه َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪َ ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ ََ ِِ‬ ‫وﺳﺄﻋﺪﻫﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﻦ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وأﺻﺒﺖ ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ َِﺔ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪َ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ‪َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻜﺎء ْ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪ِ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺴﺨﺮ‪ْ َ ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وإﳊﺎد ﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ َ ِ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََُْ َ‬ ‫رأى اﺑﻦ ُﻋﻤﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﲢﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ‪َ :‬أ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻔﺮق اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺴﻠﺔ‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﻲ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ِ :‬ﻋﻨ ِْﺪي ُ ﱢأﻣﻲ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ِ :‬إي َوا ﱠ ِ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻮا ﱠ ِ َ ْﻟﻮ َأ َ ﻨ َْﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺪك؟ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ؟ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ :‬ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﺧﻠﻦ ا ْﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ؛ َﻣﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪ َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺒﺖ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻃﻌﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َ َﳍﺎ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ا ﱠ ِ؛ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ‪R- , + * ) ( ' S :‬‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪َ ،(٣١ :r‬و ‪R ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W V U T S‬‬

‫)`‪َ ،(١٠ :‬و‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٦٧٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤١٣ /٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٠٠٩‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٣ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪ ،(٨‬واﻟﻄﱪي ﰲ »اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ« )‪ ،(٦٤٦ /٦‬وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎس‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ »اﻟﺜﻘﺎت«‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺴﻠﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪(٤٠٩ /٣‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮب ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪َ ،(٢٧٥ :^) R‬و ‪،(٢٣ :t) R k j i h g f S‬‬‫واﻟﻔﺮار ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª © S :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪o n m l k j i S :‬‬ ‫´ ‪ َ ،(١٥ :d) R‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ َ ،(٢٥ :¬) R y x w v u ts r q p‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪☺ ‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أي ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻚ«‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻞ ﱠ ﻧﺪا َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪك َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أي؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﲣﺎفُ َ ْ‬ ‫وأن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫أي؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻚ«‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ََ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرك«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﺎ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ َ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ ُ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪! S :‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬و َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮل َ ُ‬ ‫" ‪R 21 0 / . - , + * ) ( ' & % $ #‬‬

‫)‪.(٦٨ :u‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻦ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ‪ َ ،‬ﱢ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺬفُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ﱢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻼت ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت ْ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ اﻷﻣﻮال )‪ ،(٥٣١‬واﺑﻦ زﻧﺠﻮﻳﻪ )‪ ،(٧٧٠‬واﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٤٣ /٦‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٤٧٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٤٧٦١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٧٦٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٩‬‬

 

  

 



     V UT S R Q P O N M L K J S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٧٢ :a) R Y X W ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ - , + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‫ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ﻪ‬ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 0 / . O NM L K J I H G F E D C B A @

.(٧٠-٦٨ :u) R R Q P   £ ¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y x w v u t s r S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٤٨ :`) R § ¦ ¥ ¤    C B A @? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(١٣ :{) R D ِ َ ‫وﻋﻦ‬ َ َ ◙ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ $ # " ! S ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ْ َ َ َ ‫ َ ﱠﺎ‬:‫ﻗﺎل‬ ْ ْ َ َ ُ َ ‫ َﻳﺎ‬: ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‬ ُ َ َ ،‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ َ ِ َ ‫ﺷﻖ‬ َ َ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َأ ﱡﻨَﺎ َﻻ‬ ‫( َ ﱠ‬٨٢ :b) R & % َ ِ ِ ْ ُ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻟﻘﲈن‬ ِ َ َ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮا َﻣﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؟‬ َ ِ َ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ َ ُ َ ‫ﻻﺑﻨﻪ‬ ُ َ ْ َ ‫ َأ َ ْﻢ‬،‫اﻟﴩ ُك‬ َ ُ ‫إﻧﲈ‬ َ ْ َ » :‫ﻗﺎل‬ ُ َ ْ َ ‫ﻳﻈﻠﻢ‬ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ُ ْ َ َ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﻫﻮ ﱢ‬ ِ .(١)«‫(؟‬١٣ :{) R D C B A @? > = <S :‫ﻳﻌﻈﻪ‬ ُُ َ ٍ ‫ﴏف‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﳾء ﻣﻦ أ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ُ ْ  .‫وأﺻﻐﺮ‬ ،‫أﻛﱪ‬ ٌ ٌ ‫ﴍﻛﺎن؛‬ ْ ‫واﻟﴩ ُك‬ ْ‫ﱢ‬ ٍ ِ ٍ ٍ ٍ ،‫وإﻧﺴﺎن؛ ﻛﺪﻋﺎء ﻏﲑ اﷲ‬ ،‫وﻗﻤﺮ‬ ،‫ وﺷﻤﺲ‬،‫وﺣﺠﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ؛ ﻣﻦ‬ .(٣٣٦٠) ‫( أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬١)

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎدا أﳖﻢ ﻳﴬون‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻘﺮب ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺢ واﻟﻨﺬور ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ‪ ،‬واﳋﻮف ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻔﻌﻮن‪ ،‬ورﺟﺎء ﻏﲑ اﷲ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إﻻ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮاد ﲠﺎ‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻨ َْﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك اﻷﻛﱪ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭِ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪ ِ‬ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮِ ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ S :‬‬ ‫« ¬ ® ¯ ‪.(١٦٣ ،١٦٢ :b) R ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ±°‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.(١٢١ :b) RY X W V U T S R Q PS :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪; :987654 32 10/.-‬‬

‫<= > ?‪.(٣ :a) R‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﺛﻠﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ْﺑﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻀﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُﺎه َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫☺ُِ ِ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‪َ .‬ﻗَﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﲈت َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﱄ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﺑﺢ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻦ َﻳﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﻨ ََﺎر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻷرض«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٢) ‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٧٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٠٧) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٢ /٦‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٥٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪ .(٣٥٠ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ذﺑﺢ ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ أن ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﻴﺪي اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ ..‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﺑﺢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪َ  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ S :‬‬ ‫« ¬ ® ¯ ‪.(١٦٣ ،١٦٢ :b) R ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ±°‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪v u t s r q p o n m l k j i S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٤٥ :b) R ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~} | { z y x w‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺬر َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻄﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻴﻊ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺬر َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﻴﻪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٠٦ :f) R Þ Ý Ü Û Ú Ù Ø× Ö Õ Ô Ó‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.(١٨ :Ç) R N M L K J I H G S :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ S :‬‬

‫‪.(٤٨ :o) R Â Á À‬‬ ‫‪  -٤‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪_ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W S :‬‬

‫` ‪.(٦ :Ç) R a‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫‪ْ َ       -٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َواﻗﺪ ﱠ ْ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذات َأ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َﲔ ﻣﺮ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺠﺮة ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲔ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮاط‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﴩ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ َﳍﺎ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ِ َإﱃ ُﺣﻨ ْ ٍ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻬﻢ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َﱢُ َ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺟﻌﻞ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻠ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻘﻮن َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ذات َأ ْ َﻮاط َ َ‬ ‫َأ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻮاط‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪2 1 0 / S :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪ ،(١٣٨ :c) R 4 3‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﱰﻛﺒﻦ ُﺳﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َ َ ْ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٦٩٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢١٨٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢١٨ /٥‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٦٧٠٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬إﻧﻜﺎر وﺟﻮد اﻟﺮب)‪ ،(١‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻪ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ أذﻛﺮه ﺑﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ َ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺒﲑ ٌة‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ وﻻ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ذﻧﺐ ﻫﻮ ٌ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﴍك‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ » :‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ا َﻋﱠﺰ وﺟﱠﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻪ ِ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱢََ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺬ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴍك‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱠ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أو ُ َ‬ ‫أو َ َ َ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ِ َﺑﲈ ُأ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ ِ َﺑﲈ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َﻛﺎﻫﻨًﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺰل َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٩١٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٥٣٨‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤٠ /١‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎدﻫﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲡﻠﺐ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫»اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪ .(٩٠٩‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي‪ » :‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ْ ُ‬ ‫ﴍك« َ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻮا ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ُﴐا‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﻤﻰ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ ﺧﻔﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌﺎ أو ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﴍﻛﻮا ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴬ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أﴍك ْ ً‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ َﺟﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺳﻮى اﷲ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ أو ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮوهِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﲈﻫﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺮون ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﲈ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺎءﻣﻮن ﺑﻪ ً‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮا ﰲ ﺣﺼﻮل ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻧﻀﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﰲ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻮء اﻋﺘﻘﺎد؟ »ﲢﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ إذا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﴍك َ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮذي« )‪.(١٩٧ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺰار )‪ ،(٣٥٧٨‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪ ،(٣٥٥‬ﻋﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٢١٩٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢٦) ١‬اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٩‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪،(٤٣٨ /٤‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﳛ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن ﻻ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٤٨ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٩٣‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﴍك«‪ُ َ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑا ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻣﻨﻪ َ َ ﱡ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲑ ﱠ ﱡِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث ﺗﺄ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﲪ ُْﻠﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ إذا َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﲑ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ً‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫أن ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ أﻛﱪ إذا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﴚء‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﲑة‪ :‬ﱠ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺎؤم ِ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﴬه َ ُ‬ ‫َ َﱠَ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫ﻳﴬ إﻻ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ إذا‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻄﲑ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ وﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴬ أو اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻔﻊ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻠﻪ اﷲ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻄﲑ ﺑﻪ ً‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ُ ّ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R î í ì ë ê é è ç æ å ä ã â S :‬‬ ‫)‪.(١١٠ :n‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺨﻠﺺ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪R é è ç S :(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬وﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻔﺮد ﻟﻪ ﱡ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪R î í ì ë ê S .‬‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻜﺎ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ُِْْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎدﺗﻪ إذا راءى ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮه أ ﱠﻪ ﷲ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻋﻼ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﱠإﻳﺎه‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫ُِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮد ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف‬ ‫أﺧﻮفَ َﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ«‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ْﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اذﻫﺒﻮا ِ َإﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻋﲈﳍﻢ‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰي اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫إذا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُﻛﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ِ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮوا؛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺰاء؟«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮاءون ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻫﻢ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﲡﺪون ﻋﻨ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮد َ َ‬ ‫وﴍك‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﴪ ِِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﴪا ِ ِﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﺋﺮ«‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪا‬ ‫ﺗﻪ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺻﻼ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﴍك اﻟ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِﻟﻴﻨ ُْﻈﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس َ ِ‬ ‫ﴪ ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺋﺮ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﴍك اﻟ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪P O N M L K J I H G F S :‬‬

‫‪.(٧-٤ :ê) R T S R Q‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٤٤٠ ،٤٣٩ /١٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٢٩ /٥‬واﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪.(٩٣٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(٢٣ :u) R J I H G F E D C BS :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫أﻏﻨَﻰ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼ َ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑي َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َأ َﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﴍﻛﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﴍك ﻓﻴﻪ َﻣﻌﻲ َ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ َ ً َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َﻛﺎء َ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﲈن ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮق اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ! َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫أﳞﺎ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨَﺎ َ ً َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎم‪ َ :‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴣ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أول اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫إن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﲈ َ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰐ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ْ ُ ْ ِ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓ َﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻷن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺖ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪت‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺮيء‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ َﱠﻚ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ْ ُ ْ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ٌ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺤﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُأ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰐ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺮأ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻪ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ا ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﲈ َ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻚ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺮأت ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ َﱠﻚ َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ِ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺮأت ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ِ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرئ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺎل‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺎل‪ٌ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ .‬ﺛﻢ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺤﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُأ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰐ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻄﺎه ِﻣﻦ َأﺻﻨ ِ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ وﺳﻊ اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎف ا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل ُ ﱢ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻌ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ َ‬ ‫َﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ ٌ ُ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن ﻳﻨ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﲈ َ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ِﻣﻦ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ْﻔﻖ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺐ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ َ‬ ‫َََ ََ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﻮاد‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ َﱠﻚ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َأ ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻔﻘﺖ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻬﻪ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺤﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُأ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺟ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٨٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٠٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳉﻮاد ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ :(١‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎﲠﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎزي واﻟﻌﺎﱂِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﻢ ذﻟﻚ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإدﺧﺎﳍﻢ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺷﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺧﻼص ﰲ‬ ‫وﺟﻮب‬ ‫اﳊﺚ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R Q P O N M L K J I H S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٤٢ :`) R Z Y X W V U T S‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻘﻲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ُ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُﺟﻨ ُْﺪب ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِﺑﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ُ َﻳﺮاﺋﻲ ُ َﻳﺮاﺋﻲ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎء ٌ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍك‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼف َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼ ﳑﺎ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺮب ﺑﻪ إﱃ اﷲ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮب اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﺒﺎدة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ َ‬ ‫وأﺻﻠﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﺮﻳﺎء ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﲈل‪ ،‬وﺳﺒﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻳﺎء ُ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮد‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺖ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ِ ُْ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻠﻜﺎت‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٥٠ /١٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٤٩٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٩٨٧‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ِ َ ،(٢٩٨٦‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻣﻦ راﻳﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪َ :(١١٦ /١٨‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻈﻤﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻌﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺮﻣﻮه ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﺤﻪ‪َ .‬‬ ‫وأذاﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑه ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﷲ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪوا َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاب ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎه ِ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻜﺮوه‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪َ َ :‬أراه اﷲ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻌﻪ اﳌ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻇﻬﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﴪة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢١٢ /٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٧٦) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠/٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٥٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٥١ ،٧٩ ،٦٢/١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ ْ‬ ‫وأﻫﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮزق ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺎل ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ؛ ﻓﻼ َأراه ﻳﺄ َ ُﻢ‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ أن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ ً‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻨﴩﺑﺬﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮاز ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآ ِن‬ ‫أﺧﺬاﻷﺟﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺎل ﺑﻪ ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء اﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺮة‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻓﻬﺬا ﻫﻮ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫إن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺬرﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ذﻣﻪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ا ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘﻐﻰ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ْ ً‬ ‫اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َﱂ ْ َﳚ ِ ْﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺎ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﻴﺐ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺪي ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠإﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﻻ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﱃ وﻣﻊ َ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎرج ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ َﻣﺎ إﱃ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻪ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺎء اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻳﺎء ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﺺ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ُ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﴍك ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪S R Q P O N M L K J I H S :‬‬ ‫‪.(١٤٢ :`) R Z Y X W V U T‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻨْﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺎء‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﴍك‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮاﺋﻲ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﴩ ِك‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻰ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﷲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ ﻷ ﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ واﻟﺰﺟﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﰲ‬ ‫ﴍك ﻣﻊ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺮاﺋﻲ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٦٦٤‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ )‪ ،(٢٥٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٣٨/٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ .(٨٥/١‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺎ«‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ً َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺎ وﺣﻈﺎ‪ً ،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻨﱠﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺎ‪َ ْ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻻ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن أو َ ً‬ ‫ﻷن َ ْ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﴚء ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺆول ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫رﻳﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ« )‪.(١١٠ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻔﻲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺣﱪ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻨﻴﺔ ▲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻴﻠﺔ ﺑ ِﻨْﺖ َ ْ ﱟ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ورد اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬أ َﻰ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬ﻟﻮﻻَ َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم َأ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ! ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺒﺎر ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻔﺘﻢ‪ِ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ذاك؟« َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن ِ َإذا َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن اﷲ! َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ ِﺑﺮب ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺤ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻠﻮن ِ ﱠ ِ ِﻧﺪا‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم َأ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ! ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺷﺌﺖ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ذاك؟« َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ! َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﻬﲈ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻔﺼﻞ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﱪة ◙ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻲ َ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻴﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ َﻳﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫رأى َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻂ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﺮ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻢ؟‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺋﻢ‪ َ ُ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘَﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻤﻮن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻳﺮا ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫إﻧﻜﻢ َأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ا ِ‪ِ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎء ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُﺛﻢ ﻣﺮ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺘﻢ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ َﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻂ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ اﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ ُﻜﻢ َ ُ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ا ﱠ ِ‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻴﺢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫إﻧﻜﻢ َأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء ا ﱠ ُ ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َأ َﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﱪت ِ َ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ِ َ‬ ‫وأ ْﻨَﻰ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ا ﱠ َ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎن‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﻬﻢ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ ْﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮا َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪ َ َ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﻤﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ِﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻴﻼ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ْﺘﻢ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫إن ُ َ ْ ً‬ ‫»ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رأى ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﻜﻢ ُﻛﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫رؤﻳﺎ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﳖﺎﻛﻢ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﻤٌﺪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﺎء ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٧١ /٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٩٧/٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٧٢ /٥‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪،(٢١١٨‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ ،(٢٧٤١‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪،٣‬‬ ‫‪ ،(٤٦٣‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻛﻠﺖ ﻋﲆ اﷲ‬ ‫ﳊﺪث ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻼن‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﱠْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻻ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮاب ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ‬ ‫وﻓﻼن‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﷲ‬ ‫وﻧﺠﻮت‬ ‫وﻓﻼن‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻓﻼن؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﱰاﺧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻷن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن‪ ،‬وﻟﻮﻻ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺗ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف اﻟﻮاو‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﷲ وﻓﻼن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﺪا‬ ‫وﻓﻼن‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻧﺠﻮت‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎواة َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺪرة ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﴍك ﺑﺎﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﳍﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎواة‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮت ﻋﲆ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ُ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¶ µ ´ ³² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « S :‬‬ ‫¸ ‪Æ Å Ä Ã Â ÁÀ ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹‬‬

‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫‪ .(٦١ :e) RÈ Ç‬وﻫﺬه ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ وإن َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫آذى‬ ‫ﺷﻚ؛ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻼ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪QS :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫إﻳﺬاء اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ ِ :(١‬‬ ‫‪.R W V U T S R‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪\ [ Z Y X W V U T S R Q S :‬‬

‫] ^ ‪.(٥٧ :}) R‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن؟ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﲈذا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ووﺻﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﴩﻳﻚ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲈ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد ﻟﻌﻨَﻬﻢ اﷲ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻴﺢ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬واﻟﻨ َﱠﺼﺎرى‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ‪ِ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎؤه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎت اﷲ‬ ‫واﳌﴩﻛﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻷﺻﻨﺎم ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻮال ﰲ ِ‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﻓﻬﻲ ﱡ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻨًﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺆذﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﻢ؛‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺣﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﻢ؛‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳎﻨﻮن‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل أ ًﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٥٥ /١٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٣٨ ،٢٣٧ /١٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﺟﻬﻪ ﻳﻮم ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﺷﺞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲆ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻟﻘﺎء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺟﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮه وﻫﻮ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﴪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﻤﻜﺔ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻴﺔ أو ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ‪ٍ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺪي ♫)‪ :(١‬وﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﱟ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺘﻢ‪ ،‬أو َﺗﻨ ﱡ ٍ‬ ‫ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮد إﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻷذى‪.‬‬ ‫ّﻘﺺ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬أو َﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫‪    ‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪي ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎر«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وأ َﺎ ﱠ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺐ ْ ُ‬ ‫☺‪ ُ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ َواﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫آدم ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺒﺔ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ! َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫آدم َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ْ ُ » :‬ﻳﺆذﻳﻨﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻦ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﲈ«‪ .‬وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺒﺔ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﳖﺎره‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ! َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﻪ َ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻠﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َأ َﺎ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ«‪ِ .‬‬ ‫وﳖﺎره َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﻪ َ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻠﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪ َ ُ » :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﱠ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ ﱡﺒﻮا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﲈ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ؛‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺐ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮم ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮم؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﷲَ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺐ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻦ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ♫)‪ َ :(٥‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ْ‬ ‫‪ْ ‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺾ دون ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮم؛ ﻓﻬﺬا ٌ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ٍ‬ ‫ﻮم أو ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮده‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط ♠‪.(٧٧ :g) Ro n mS :‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪة ﱢ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ« )‪.(٩٧٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(٢١٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٨٨ ،١٨٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٨٢٦‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦١٨٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﳎﻤﻮع ﻓﺘﺎوى ورﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺜﻴﻤﲔ« )‪.(٨٢٣ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ْ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻋﲆ أ ﻪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﴩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍك ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر إﱃ اﳋﲑ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ْ ‬‬ ‫أن اﷲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎده أ ﱠﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪ ،‬وﻻ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻪ ﻷ ﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ّ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ﳍﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ اﳌﻜﺮوه ﻋﻨﺪه؛ ﻓﻬﺬا ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﺳﺐ اﻟﺪﻫﺮ إﻳﺬاء ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ؛ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ أﻓﺮده‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ☺)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﺑ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺳﺐ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ آﻳﺔ أو‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﺧﺎص ﳌﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮه ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ وﻻ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡﻛﻔﺮ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ☺ ٌ‬ ‫وﺳﺐ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ ُِْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ﺧﺎص ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ورد ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫وﻏﲑاﻟﻜﻔﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﳋﺮﺟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﺳﺐ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ْﺸﻮدة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤١ ،٣٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ » ﱢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻦ ِ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨ َُﻦ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ْ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ِ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ِ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ِ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ِ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ َِﺔ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق ْ َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ورﻣﻲ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار ﰲ َ ِ ِ ﱠ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ْ َ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُْ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨَﺔ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪+ * ) (' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪7 654321 0/. -,‬‬

‫‪.(١٠٢ :^) R D C B A @ ? > = < ; : 98‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ♫ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ أو ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﱢ َْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻟﻶﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫إن ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﺑﺎﺣﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ أو‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٦٥٥٩‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٩٧ /١‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪،(٦٤٤‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ اﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٣٤ /٤‬إرواء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(١٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪» ،(٤٤٣ /١٦‬اﻟﺬﺧﲑة« )‪.(٣٢ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪» ،(٣٥ /٩‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪.(٩٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﺠﺮد ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ إذا َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬وأﲪﺪ ﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬أو اﻋﺘﻘﺪ إﺑﺎﺣﺘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳾء ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫»َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ْأو ُ َ‬ ‫أو َ َ َ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳉﺰء ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ♫ ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َ ِ ً َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ َﺎﻧﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻟﺔ ﱠ ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺣﺮة‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻠﻮا ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻨَﺎ ِﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﺣﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﺣﺪا‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُﺎء؛ ﻫﻞ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ إﻻ إذا ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ؟‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل أﰊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪ َ :(٣‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺬر‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ .‬و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫وﱂ َ َﻳﺮ‬ ‫ورواﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﳌﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ َ :(٤‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ☺ ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻫﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻷم« )‪» ،(٥٦٧ /٢‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٣٥ /٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ »اﻹﻟﺰاﻣﺎت واﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ«‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٠٤٣‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٩٠ /١‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ :(٢٩١‬ﺑﺠﺎﻟﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻮل اﳌﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ورواﻳﺔ اﻹﺟﺎزة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٣٥ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٧٦ /١٤ ،٨٨ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ُﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز)‪(١‬؛ َ ﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ووﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ورد ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺣﺮ وﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻨﱠﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﳌﺠﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫وﱂ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫أﺟﺎز ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﴍه)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻤﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴐره ﱢ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﺎن َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪» ،(٣٤ /٩‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪» ،(٩٩ /٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﳌﺤﺘﺎج« )‪.(٦٢ /٩‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺢ وﻻ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وأﻣﺎ ﻗﻮل اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازﻳﻔﻲ »ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪:(٦٢٦/ ٣‬‬ ‫ﳏﻈﻮر؛ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻘﻘﻮن ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ُ ﱢُ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ رد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳊﺎﻓﻆ اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ »ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪ ،(٣٦٧ - ٣٦٦/١‬واﻹﻣﺎم اﻷﻟﻮﳼ ﰲ »روح اﳌﻌﺎﲏ« )‪.(٣٣٩ - ٣٣٨/ ١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪           ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ ﰲ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ ْ‬ ‫َْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ ْاﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺨﺮ ِﰲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺴﺎب‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‪ُ َ ْ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻮﳖﻦ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺠﻮم‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﴎﺑﺎل ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺐ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺋﺤﺔ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪» :‬اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮان‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إذا َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ْ َ ٌ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎم َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﲥﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮب«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ودرع ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ٌ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن‪ِ ِ ِ :‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﴘ ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻮاء)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫إﳖﺎ ْ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ َ ُ ُ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ« َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻨﻲ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﺧﺎﻟﺪ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺢ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻧﴫف َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﲈء َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﺛﺮ َ َ‬ ‫رﺑﻜﻢ؟« َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎذا َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرون َﻣ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ﱡ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ اﻟﱰك‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻮﳖﻦ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ودرع‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﱰﻛﻪ‬ ‫آﺧﺮون‪ٌ ْ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ » .(٩٣٦‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ََِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮب«‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرع‬ ‫ﺑﺪﳖﺎ‬ ‫واﳊﻜﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﺮب‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﻴﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٣٨٥٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أﺻﺒﺢ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدي ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْ ََ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻧﺎ ِ َ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ِﰊ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺑِﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻓﺮ ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻮء َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا؛ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ورﲪ ِ َِﺘﻪ؛ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ِﰊ‪ٌ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺆﻣﻦ ِ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ِﰊ‪ٌ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺒﺲ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺒﺲ ُ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫زاد«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫زاد َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ َ‬ ‫ﱡﺠﻮم ْ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫وﺗﺪﻟﻴﺴﺎ أﳖﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺆﻻء اﻟﻜﻬﺎن واﳌﻨﺠﻤﻮن ﻳﺪﻋﻮن ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ ﻳﻘﻮل‪Ó Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç S :‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪.(٢٧ ،٢٦ :Ç) R Û Ú Ù Ø × Ö Õ Ô‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ َﻪ ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫وﺻﺪﻗﻪ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳾء‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫إذا ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاﻓﺎ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ واﳌﻨﺠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﻬﻤـﺎ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻧﺎ ﺑِﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻮء َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮوا‬ ‫ﻛﺬا«‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٨٤٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧١‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪ْ َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﱠأﳖﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡﺠﻮم ﺑﻨﺰول ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳌﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﱠﺠﻢ أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮه‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﴍح‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮ إﻻ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﴍك ﺑﺎﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮ وﻻ ُﻳﻤﻨ َُﻊ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺰل ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦١ ،٦٠ /٢‬‬ ‫زاد«‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٩٠٥‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ )‪ .(٣٧٢٦‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َِْْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺰاد ْ َ َ‬ ‫دام َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدﺗﻪ َ‬ ‫أي‪ ُ :‬ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫زاد« َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ »َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﺒﺲ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨ َﻰ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡﺠﻮم‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻣﺎ زاد اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﻟﻘﺎرئ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫زاد َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫زاد َ‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْﺪي‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫زاد َر ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳛَ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡﺠﻮم‪َ ِ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ ِﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫زاد‪» .‬ﻋﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺒﻴﺢ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاوي‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺒﻮد وﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ« )‪.(٢٨٤ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ‪.(١) ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎن ُ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ‪ ‬ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬إﺗﻴﺎن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أن ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب َ‬ ‫أوﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻨ َُﺠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ْ َ ُ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ادﻋﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳛﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﺐ‪ .‬واﻟﺘﱠﻨ َُﺠﻴﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ُﱡﺠﻮم ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫وأﺣﻮال ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺎء َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮاف ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻄﺎﻟﻊ اﻟﻨ ُﱡﺠﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮن‬ ‫وادﻋﺎء‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﺳﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮر ا ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ َُ‬ ‫ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ اﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳐﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاﻓﺔ‬ ‫َﺠﻢ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫دﺛﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٧٦ /٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ .(١٩٢‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮاب اﻟﻨﺎرﻧﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻠﺴﲈﻧﺎت‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮاﻓﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺪﻗﺔ واﻷ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪا ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﺠﻴﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ :‬أن َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮء ﺗﺄ ًﲑا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َﻮء ﻛﺬا أو ﺑﻨﺠﻢ ﻛﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﺻﻔﱠَﻴﺔ ▲‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أزواج اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاﻓﺎ َﻓﺴﺄَ َﻪ ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﳾء َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫أَ َﻰ َ ﱠ ً َ ُ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ ِ َﺑﲈ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ َﻰ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َأ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاﻓﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ْ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫رﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﲥﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫أﻛﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻻن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺎ ﳍﲈ ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاف أو‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أ ﻰ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳐﺼﺼﺎ ﺑﻤﻦ أ ﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫آﺗﺎﳘﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳍﲈ ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﲈ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة َﳌﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮاﻓﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱠإﻻ إذا‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫دﻋﻮاﻫﻢ ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﳍﻢ ﰲ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﻴﺪة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أ َﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ ☺‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎد‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ◙ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ ِ َﺑﲈ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َﻛﺎﻫﻨًﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺«)‪ ،(٣‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ِ َﺑﲈ ُأ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأي‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺰل َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َََ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢٣٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٨٠ /٥ ،٦٨ /٤‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ ﰲ »ﻣﺴﻨﺪه« )‪ ،(٣٨٢‬واﺑﻦ اﳉﻌﺪ )‪ ،(٤٢٥،١٩٥١‬واﳋﻼل )‪،(١٤٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« ﻟﻠﱰﻣﺬي )‪،(٧٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬إرواء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ« )‪.(٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫»اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪.(٣٢٨ /٥‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺬي ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ أ َﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫)‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺎ« َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮاف واﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ َ ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺆول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﱰزق ﺑﻜﺬا‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َِ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﻮف‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﳛﺪث ﻟﻚ ﻛﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ادﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ادﻋﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻼﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺰوج‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪Ç S :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫وارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼم اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﱠ ً‬ ‫وﺟﻞ؛ إذ ُ‬ ‫‪.(٢٧ ،٢٦ :Ç) R Ó Ò Ñ Ð Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪☺  -٣‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ْأو‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ْأو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ْأو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ُﺳ َ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫َﺠﻤﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎن واﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪ .(٢١٥ /٤‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻮي ♫ ﰲ »ﴍح اﻟﺴﻨﺔ« )‪ :(١٨٢ /١٢‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َﺠﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﻨًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٣ /٧‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٢٨) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻓﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٧٦ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» (٤٨‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٦٩‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ واﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻬﻢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻗﻮ ِاﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺤﺮة‬ ‫واﻟﻌ ﱠﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﻨ َِﺔ واﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫َﺠﻤﲔ َ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻓﲔ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮاف وﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإﺗﻴﺎن ﻋﺮاف‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وإﺗﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫واﳌﻨﺠﻤﻮن ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲥﻢ ﺑﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﺪق‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﻨ َُﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮه َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫أذن ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﱢﻲ َ ْ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل ☺‪َ ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻪ)‪ُ ِ َ َ ،(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ُ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻄﻔﻬﺎ ِْ ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ََُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻬﺎن؛ ِ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﱰى‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺬر‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﴩ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﺷﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﻨﻮات‬ ‫واﳌﺠﻼت‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ وﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﲑ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨْﺠﺎن«‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫» ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ إﻳﲈﻧﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‪ ،‬أ ُ‬ ‫ﺮاج ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲔ؛ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮا‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﻠﻤ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮا ﻵﺧﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮا ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷذﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫وأذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام وﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫وردت ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻚ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮا َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡﴩ ِة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫آﺛﺎر ﰲ ﺟﻮاز اﻟﻨ ّْﴩة‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻋﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺤﻮر وﻟﻮ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﱢ ِْ‬ ‫ﻟﴬورة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺤﺮ؛‬ ‫وأﺟﺎز ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫وأن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮة ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮاز ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮاب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﴬورة ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺤﻮر وﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺤﺮ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﺟﻮه َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا ﱡ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ وﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺬب اﳌ ُﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫أﺻﻼ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َﺠﻤﻮن‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﻮا «‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رب اﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ« )‪.(١٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‪» :‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮ َ ْأو ُ َ‬ ‫أو َ َ َ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺮا ﻟﻴﺴﺤﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻋﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﻃﻼع‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﻣﻦ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﴬ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ إﻻ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻇﻦ أ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ أو ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬﺑﺎ ﻟﻜﻼم اﷲ؛ إذ اﷲ ﻳﻘﻮل‪Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç S :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫‪ ،(٢٧ ،٢٦ :Ç) R Ó Ò Ñ Ð‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ﳛﻤﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن‬ ‫وﻣﺼﺪق ِ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ؛ وذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ َ ُ َ :‬ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﱃ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ ً‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺮ وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ أن َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺮا‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﲈ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈت َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻬﺬا ْ ٌ‬

‫وﻣﺼﺪق ِ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ ُ َ » :‬ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺮ« ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٩٩ /٤‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٤٦ /٤‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ َﺣﺮﻳﺰ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﲔ اﻷزدي ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ْ َ ،(٦١٣٧ ،٥٣٤٦‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٨٣ ،١٤ /٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ إﱃ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ أﻗﺮب‪ .‬وﻟﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮﰲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﺛﺎن ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺪرداء‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤١ /٦‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤـﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ُﱢَ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﰲ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳛ َﻴﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﺮ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﴫة َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫أول َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪر ِ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﲑي َ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﲔ ـ ـ َ ْأو ُ ْ َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ َأ َﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻨﻲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﲪ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻘﻮل َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ :‬ﻟﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﻨَﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﲈ َﻳ ُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ ْ ﻨ َُﺎه َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب َ ِ ً‬ ‫َﻔﺘﻪ َأ َﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪر‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫داﺧﻼ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻓﻖ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻨ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ َﻋﻦ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻧﺎ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻈﻨَﻨ ُْﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﲈﻟﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ‪ْ َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﻳﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻘﻠﺖ‪َ :‬أ ﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ َ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮءون ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎس َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻘﻔﺮون‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻨَﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ! ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إﱄ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫وأﳖﻢ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ُأ ُ ٌ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ْ‬ ‫وأن ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﳖﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ َ‬ ‫وأﳖﻢ ﺑﺮآء ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َ ﱢأﲏ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ُأو َ َﻚ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ُ ٍ‬ ‫أن ِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻔﻘﻪ َﻣﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‬ ‫ﳛِ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻢ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ ْﻟﻮ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر«‪.‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬ﺑﻴﻨ ََﲈ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ َ ِأﰊ ُﻋ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ! َ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎض ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب ‪َ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ذات َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻊ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‪ْ ِ ،‬إذ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‪ِ ِ ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ ِ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ‪َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ِْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫أن ُ ْﺗﺆﻣ َﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑه َ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺆﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ورﺳﻠﻪ‪ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﴍه«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر َ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﲑه َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﴍه«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮء َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫»ﻻَ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺪر َ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(١٨١ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﰊ ْ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ ُ ﱠَ‬ ‫أن ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪر‪ َ ،‬ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﴚ ٍء َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻞ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳾء َ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﻲ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﲈواﺗﻪ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬﲠﻢ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أن ا ﱠ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻇﺎﱂ ٍ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ َ ْأرﺿﻪ َ ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﻘﺖ ِﻣ ْ َﺜﻞ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫رﲪ َُﺘﻪ َﺧﲑا َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ﱠ ِ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َأ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ َ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻋﲈﳍﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ ُ ْ ً ُ ْ‬ ‫َرﲪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﻄﺌﻚ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ِ ُ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أن َﻣﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وأن َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ِﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻚ َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ََِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ِ ُ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺧﻠﺖ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﻴﺒﻚ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﻄﺄك َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َأ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َأ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ْاﻟﻴﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎن‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َأ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َﻋ ْﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‪ َ :‬ﱞ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺬب ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ َوﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎن‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎق‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎق‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬب ِ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﲬﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٦٩٩‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪.(٧٧‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ )‪ ،(٣٢٣‬واﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ )‪،(١٢٢٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ )‪ ،(٧٩٣٨‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ أﰊ أﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﲔ أﰊ ﺳﻼم وأﰊ أﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﴩ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻔﻄﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع‪ ،‬واﷲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﲑ ﻣﱰوك‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪه ﺑ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(١٧٨٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬وﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻘﺮاﺗﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤١ /٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ .(٣٣٧٦‬وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﲈن ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺘﻦ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫»اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٦٧٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪر ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬أي ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن اﷲ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﴩ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪه َ‬ ‫اﳋﲑ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫دون اﷲ‬ ‫ﳜﻠﻖ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻌﺒ َﺪ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫زﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﻬﻢ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻮا ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ُﻳﻨ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﻳﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪر ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮون َ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٩٣) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٧٦ ،١٦٦ /١‬ﴍح‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪╚  ☺  -١‬‬

‫‪◙ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫آﻳﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ اﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫وآﻳﺔ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ اﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪاء ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْأو َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎزب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﻬﻢ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﻬﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ُ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر ﻻ َ ُﳛ ﱡ ُ ْ‬ ‫☺‪» :‬اﻷَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻪ ا ﱠ ُ «)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻬﻢ َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺮأ َ اﻟﻨ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻖ ْ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺶ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ِ ﱞ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِزر ﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺒﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﱄ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻨﻲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َﻻ ُﳛ ﱠﺒﻨﻲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ْ ُ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻲ ☺ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ؛ ﱢ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﻨ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﱟ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺮى؛ ﻷ ﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷوﱃ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٧٨٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٧٨‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٦٤ /٢‬وﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﴫة ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎره‪ ،‬وإﻳﻮاء ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﲈت ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﺒﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺣﺒﻬﻢ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎم‪ ،‬ﱢ ِ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺮف ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺳﻮاﺑﻘﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻧﴫة‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﺣﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫◙ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ ِ‬ ‫دﻻﺋﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﺳﻼﻣﻪ؛ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر وﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻟﴪوره‬ ‫وﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ اﻷ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻴﺎم ِ َﺑﲈ ُ ْﻳﺮﴈ اﷲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻬﻢ ﻛﺎن ِ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ أ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٤١٠) ١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﻟﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن ْ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻐﺾ أﺣ ًﺪا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ أ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ اﻷ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻈﻴﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻹﺳﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫وﻧﴫﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺷﺪﻧﺎ إﱃ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه‪ ،‬وﻧﺴﺄ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ٌ‬ ‫واﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﺾ ْاﻷ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﺾ ْاﻷَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫وﻋ ْﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﺾ ْاﻷَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫‪ ╚-٣‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ ْاﻷ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْاﻷ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻪ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٠٩ /١‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ .(٣٩٠٦‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪ :‬واﳌﺮاد ﺑﺎﻷ ﺼﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﴫ اﷲ ودﻳﻨﻪ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺆﻻء ﺑﺎﻗﻮن إﱃ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻌﺎداة ﻫﺆﻻء وﺑﻐﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﰲ »ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ُ .(٣٠٩‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻓﻴﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷ ﺼﺎر اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﴫوا رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﺎ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ إﱃ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﲪﻠﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٩٦ /٤‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،(٨٢٧٤‬واﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻨَﺎء ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺪوق ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َﺧﺎﻟﺪ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﴎ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْﺑﻴﻨﻲ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻏﻠﻈﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ ِﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ََ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻮﲏ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻆ َ ُﻟﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪه ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻮه ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻓﻊ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاه؟ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! َ َأﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻜﻰ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﺖ َﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲈرا َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲈرا َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫☺ ََْ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺎدى َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎداه ُ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ ِ َإﱄ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﴈ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ٌِ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳾء َ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺘﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪       ☺   -٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻬﻴﺐ‪ٍ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﲈن َ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺬ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َأ َﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن َأ َﻰ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻼل‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﰲ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬وا ﱠ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪو ا ﱠ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُﻋﻨ ُِﻖ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻮف ا ﱠ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺳﻴﺪﻫﻢ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻴﺦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻟﻮن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪َ :‬أ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ َ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َأ َﺎ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ! َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻬﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ ََ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻦ ُﻛﻨ َْﺖ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻚ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻢ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺑﻚ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻜﻢ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻘَﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ِ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﺧﻮﺗﺎه! َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪╚☺ -٥‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﰊ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ َ ْ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬و ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٨٩ /٤‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٩٠/٣‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٧٠٨١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٠٤‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(١٢٧٠٩‬وﻟﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٢٣٤٠‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻻ أراه ﱡ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻗﺎل اﳉﻼل ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ╚‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻼ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺰاع‪.‬‬ ‫أ َﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﺬا ﺑﻼ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﻮن َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ََُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒُﻬﻢ أم ﻻ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻘﺼﻬﻢ أو‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ♠ وﺗﻨ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ َ :(٣‬ﱡ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼم َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﴏف وﻻ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫آذاه َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وآذى اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ╚‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫أن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳎﺘﻬﺪون ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺣﺶ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮوب ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄوﻟﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ :‬وﺳﺐ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‬ ‫وﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨَﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ُ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪ .‬و َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺰر وﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرز اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :(٥‬ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫وازدراﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺤﺎرﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫وآذاﻫﻢ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺؟!‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻦ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٨٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٥٨٠ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٩٣ /١٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٤١٠) ١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ أ ﺎ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑ ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻷﻗﻮال ﰲ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ╚‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫¶‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺎب ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ أو‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎب ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻐ ُﺾ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ْ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء أ ﻮ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ أو ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن أو ﻋﲇ أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ أو‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ أو َ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻮاط‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫وﴍب‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎث اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َﻳﻘﻌﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺒﻮﳖﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫☺‪،‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫أوردﲥﻢ وأدﻋﻴﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬أﻻ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﻀﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫☺ رﺿﻮان اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺼﻬﻢ‪ ،‬أو أ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺮﺣﻢ اﷲ أ ﺎ زرﻋﺔ اﻟﺮازي؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮل)‪ :(٣‬إذا رأ َﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ‬ ‫زﻧﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﱞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ☺ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨ ََﻦ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﱠأدى إﻟﻴﻨَﺎ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮآن ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﱡ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫أوﱃ وﻫﻢ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮدﻧﺎ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳉﺮح ﲠﻢ َ‬ ‫زﻧﺎدﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻄﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﳚﺮﺣﻮا‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨ َﱠﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪون أن ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ا ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ◙ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﱟ‬ ‫أﰊ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﱪا‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺜﲈن ¶)‪ْ ،(٤‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪي ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮل ِ‬ ‫واﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫أ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أن أ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﺚ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ¶‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﺬه ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٦٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪ (٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬ﻷﰊ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳎﻤﻮع ﳐﻄﻮط ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٧٣٧‬ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺤﻒ ﺑﺒﻐﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﲈ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ )‪» ،(٩‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ« )‪.(٤٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ اﷲ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬‬ ‫وأﺷﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﱪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪À ¿ ¾½¼ »º ¹ ¸ ¶µ ´ ³ ² ±S :‬‬ ‫‪.(٦١ :_) RÊ É È Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪N M LK J I H G F E D C S :‬‬

‫‪.(٦٠ :¤) RQ P O‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 S :‬‬

‫‪.(٧٩ :^) R O N M L K J I H G FE D C B‬‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻮا ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻲ َوﻻَ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘَﻨُﻮا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ﱠْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ُِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ِﰲ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن ﻻَ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رآﲏ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫رآﲏ ِﰲ اﳌَﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‬ ‫َﺎم َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﰐ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻨ َْﻴﺘﻲ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﲑة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إن َ ً‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ٍ‬ ‫َ َِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻜﺬب َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١١٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢٩١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٣٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻮا َﻋﻨﱢﻲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺪﺛﻮا َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴎ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱢُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮج‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺋﻴﻞ َوﻻ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﺑﻨﻲ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻷﻛﻮع ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ِ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻌﻚ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﺑﲑ‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﲢﺪث َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻼن؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن َ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺪث ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳛﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﺎرﻗﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬أﻣﺎ ِ ﱢإﲏ َﱂْ ُ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ؛ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺬﺑﻮا َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ّ‬ ‫ََِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﺛﻜﻢ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َأ َﺲ ◙‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ َﻟﻴﻤﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻌﻨﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُﻳْﺒﻨَﻰ‬ ‫إن ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺬب َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪n m lk j i h g f e d c b S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٧ :f) Rp o‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪(٣٤٦١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٠٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٠٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٠٣ ،٢٢ /٢‬واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ »ﻣﺴﻨﺪه« )‪ ،(١٨٠٩‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٧٦١/٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪Í Ì Ë ÊÉ È Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À S :‬‬ ‫‪á à ß ÞÝ Ü Û Ú Ù Ø × Ö Õ Ô Ó Ò Ñ ÐÏ Î‬‬

‫‪.(٣٧ :c) Rç æ å ä ã â‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ﻪ‪. - ,+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " S :‬‬ ‫‪.(٣٢ :¤) R1 0 /‬‬ ‫‪☺  -٥‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻘﻊ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫واﺛﻠﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮى َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أو َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮي َﻋﻴْﻨ َُﻪ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ َﺗﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أو ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أَ ِﻴﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫☺ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﺑِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ☺ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻘﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﲠﺬا َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب إﻻ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ☺ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫واﳌﻮاﻋﻆ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻗﺒﺢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫☺ وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ أ ﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ُ َ ْ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﻓﱰاء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮى«‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪َ » .(٣٥٠٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٩ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٤٩٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ادﻋﺎء ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻪ ً‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫إﻓﻜﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﲠﺘﺎﻧﺎ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﴩﻛﻲ‬ ‫زﻋﻤﺖ‬ ‫زﻋﻤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد واﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻓﱰاه ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬﺑﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎت اﷲ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻌﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫وادﻋﺎء ﱠأﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻬﺎﺋﻨَﺎ ـ ـ ـ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ـــ َ ِ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وزورا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ وﻻ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱠﻠﻪ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻮل ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻊ َﻫﻮاه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺮم ﻣﺎ ﱂْ ُﳛ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫وﳛ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(١‬اﻟﻘﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﺑﻼ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٢٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ْﺪب ﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُﺟﻨ َ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ ِ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻼن‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻏﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أن َﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»واﷲ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َذا ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َﻳﺘﺄَ ﱠﻰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮت ﻟ ِ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫وأﺣﺒﻄﺖ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻔﻼن‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻼن‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻀﻢ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮس ♫ ﻗﺎل)‪َ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ ُ َ َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﺧﻴﲔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﳎﺘﻬﺪ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ ُ ْ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻧﺐ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻼن ﰲ َﺑﻨﻲ إ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮﻋﲆ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎدة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪ َ َﻳﺮى ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻗﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰال ْ ُ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪ْ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ِ ً َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫رﻗﻴﺒﺎ؟ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬وا ﱠ ِ َﻻ‬ ‫ورﰊ‪َ ،‬أ ُ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ َ َُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪه َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻨﻲ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻌﺜﺖ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻚ ا ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫أو َﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫رب ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أرواﺣﻬﲈ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺒﺾ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳍﺬا ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرا؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻨ َْﺖ ِﰊ َﻋﺎ ِ ًﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو ُﻛﻨ َْﺖ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻧﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ ﰲ َﻳﺪي َ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اذﻫﺐ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﲪ َِﺘﻲ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎدﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫اذﻫﺒﻮا ِ ِﺑﻪ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وآﺧﺮﺗﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﺎه َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أوﺑﻘﺖ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﳑﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺎ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻫﻮ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄ ﱢﻲ ﻋﲆ اﷲ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻼﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺧﻞ اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳛﻠﻒ‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أن ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻓﻼﻧﺎ ﻟﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٢١‬‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬وا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎأﻋﺮﻓﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ‪َ ،‬و َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ا ْﳌَﺪﻳﻨَﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ََﺎداﲏ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ اﻟﺰﻫﺪ‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻪ‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢأﻣﻲ! َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻦ َ ُ ٍ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬهِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ َ :‬ﱠِ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َأ َ ًﺪا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﲪ َُﻚ ا ﱠ ُ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻚ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ ْ َﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َأ َ ًﺪا‪ُ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ‪َ ،‬أو ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻧﺎ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳋﺎدﻣﻪ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َََِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪..‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ َ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ َ ْأﻫﻠﻪ ِ َإذا َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﳍﺎ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٠١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٦٣ ،٣٢٣ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٧١٢‬واﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك‬ ‫ﰲ »اﻟﺰﻫﺪ واﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ« )‪.(٩٠٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٦٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﺖ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رأ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪Ê S :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َﺗﻼ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪراج«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺐ َِﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ÜÛ ÚÙØ×Ö ÕÔ ÓÒÑÐÏÎÍÌË‬‬

‫‪.(١)(٤٤ :b) R Ý‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R R Q P O N M L KJ I H S :‬‬

‫)‪.(٩٩ :c‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﳋ ْﴪا ُن ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﱠ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﱰﺳﺎل ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٣‬‬ ‫ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﻣﻊ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫أﻃﺒﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻻﺗ َﻜﺎل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟‬ ‫أن َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َﻣﺎ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫روح ا ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫رﲪ َِﺔ ا ﱠ ِ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻮط ْ‬ ‫واﻹﻳﺎس ْ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ‪ُ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٤٥ /٤‬واﻟﻄﱪي )‪.(٢٤٩ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٥٦ /٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٤٧ -١٤٥ /١‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﴩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺰار ﰲ »ﻛﺸﻒ اﻷﺳﺘﺎر« )‪ ،(١٠٦‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫رﲪ َِﺔ ا ِ‪ِ ْ ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ ا ﱠ ِ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫روح ا ﱠ ِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﻴﺄس ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮط ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮاﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺴﺎق‬ ‫رﺑﻚ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﺗﺄﻣﻦ أﳞﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻢ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺧﺪﻋﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺮور‬ ‫رﺑﻚ وأ ﺖ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮط ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﻠﺬاﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮء‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﰲ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ )‪ ،(١٩٧٠١‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪.(٨٧٨٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪- ,+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬

‫‪.(٨٧ :h) R 5 4 3 2 1 0 / .‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y x w v u t S :‬‬

‫‪.(٥٣ :¤) R ª © ¨ § ¦¥ ¤ £‬‬ ‫ﻷن ﻓﻴﻪ ِ‬ ‫رﲪ َِﺔ ا ﱠ ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ،‬إذ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،(١٥٦ :c) R 8 7 6 5 S :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪا ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫واﺳﻌﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا إذا ﻛﺎن ُ ْ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،(٨٧ :h) R 5 4 3 2 1 0 / . - S :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﺬه ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨ َ‬ ‫أن ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻮط ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻹﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ♠‪0 / . - , + S :‬‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪@ ? >=<;: 987 654 321‬‬

‫‪.(٥٦-٥٣ :k) R K J I H G F E D C B A‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ُ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ر ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ◙‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺎ‪ٌ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرق ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ أَ َ َﻖ َ َ َ‬ ‫أو َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﺎت َ ً‬ ‫وﻋﴡ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪.(٢٥٢ /٩ ،١٦٠ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻫﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺪه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ٌََْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﱪﺟﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎب َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رداءه؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ََ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰة‪،‬‬ ‫وإزاره ْ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪﻳﺎء َ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎزع ا ﱠ َ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫رداءه ْ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﲪ َِﺔ اﷲ ِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻮط ْ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ رﲪ َِﺔ اﷲ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ َ ﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻃﺒﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﱠﳑﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٩ /٦‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪.(٥٩٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٤٩ ،١٤٩ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻻ‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮح َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﲬﻴﺼﺔ َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻔﻬﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻏﺘﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺬر َﻣﺎ َﺻﻨ َُﻌﻮا )‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫ﳛﱢُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ«‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮر أَ ْ ِ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﲣﺬوا ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد َواﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻮﻻ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺮزوا‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا«‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ َ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻷَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ا ﱠُ َُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮر َأ ْ ِ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﲣﺬوا ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد َواﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺸﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ﱢأﲏ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﺬ َ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ََُْ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد؛ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﲣﺬوا‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮر َأ ْ ِ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ُُ َ‬ ‫‪          ☺   -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﺗﺎ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫وأم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠأم َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺔ َ‬ ‫رأ ْﻨ ََﻬﺎ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ُأو َ ِ َﻚ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻮر‪ُ ،‬أو َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا‪ ،‬وﺻﻮروا ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ُُ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َﺑﻨ َْﻮا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ ََ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه َ ْ ً َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ ِ ﻳﻮم ا ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ار ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٣٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥١٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٣٣٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٢٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٣٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٣٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٢٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٢٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫زاﺋﺮات‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮرواﻟﴪج«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُُْ ِ َ ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه ِ‬ ‫اﲣﺎذ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ :(٢‬‬ ‫وﻗﱪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﳖﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أدى ذﻟﻚ إﱃ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا؛ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺑﲈ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى‬ ‫ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻮن إﱃ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺎﺟﺖ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰲ‬ ‫رﺿﻮان اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫و ﱠﺎ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة إﱃ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮت‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ ُ ُ‬ ‫أن َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻣﺘﺪت ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﺣﲔ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮة‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺮ ¶؛ َﺑﻨ َْﻮا ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ أﰊ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻄﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ِ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮام‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﲇ إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻼ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ ﱠ َ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﺑﻨ َْﻮا ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﳘﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫وﺣﺮﻓ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺪارﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﲈﻟﻴﲔ‬ ‫رﻛﻨ َِﻲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ؛ وﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫وﻟﻮﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﰲ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ٌ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻷُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺮز ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﴚ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا«‪ ،‬واﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أ ﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أوﺛﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﲣﺎذ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرة‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﻴﺎدا‪َ ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﺎرة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻮﻓﻮن ﲠﺎ ً‬ ‫وﻳﺼﻠﻮن إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺠﺪون ﳍﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍع ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء َ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﰲ ُ ُﺑﻴﻮت اﷲ اﻟﺘﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٢٣٦‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٠٤٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٥٧٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٢٩ /١‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺪوق‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎذان ﻣﻮﱃ ﱢأم ﻫﺎﻧﺊ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان اﻟﺒﴫي وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ زاﺋﺮات اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮ ُ‬ ‫واﻷﺷﺒﻪ أ ﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻫﺪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ُ ْ .‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٤ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٢ /٦‬إﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﻔﺎن )‪.(١٩٧ ،١٨٨ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱢاﲣﺎ ُذ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﲆ ﻟﻪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻳﻘﺎد ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﴪج ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫وإﻳﻘﺎد ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪج‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‬ ‫اﲣﺎذ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻮاف ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أوﺛﺎﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﲣﺎذﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮر اﻷ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷوﻟﻴﺎء ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺷﱰﻃﻮا‬ ‫وإﻋﻈﺎﻣﺎ«‬ ‫ﺗﱪﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة إﱃ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﲢﺮم ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ُ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﱪ ُ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﲔ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة إﻟﻴﻪ ـ ـ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬وأن ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﳌﺬﻛ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠَﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻮرة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫واﻹﻋﻈﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱪك‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫واﲣﺎذ ِ‬ ‫ﱢَ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أو إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪا ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه ﱠ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‬ ‫اﲣﺎذ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﱡ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻮاف ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪ ،‬ﱞ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ‬ ‫ﱢْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺑﺴﺎﻛﻨﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﱪك ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫وﺑﻼدﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ﻗﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎروا ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻈﻤﻮن‬ ‫وﺿﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫أﻗﻮام ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻬﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻈﻤﻮن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪة‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫زاده‪،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺰ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻼده‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﱰى َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬وﲪ ََﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻨﱡﻪ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﻴﺎءِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺬﺑﺤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﱪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬي ُ‬ ‫ﻗﱪ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﺶ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺼﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻋﻮه ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺄ ُ ﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل ﻓﻴﻪ إﻻ اﷲ ﺗ َ‬ ‫دون اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻠﺒﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر؟ ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻳﴬ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأ ﱠﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻫﺬا أو ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ أن ﳞﺪﻳﻨَﺎ اﻟ ﱢﴫ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻨَﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اط‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وأن ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٣٠٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻗﱰاف اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٤٤ /١‬‬

 

  

 



        -٢ ،١  © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(١٣٩ ،١٣٨ :`) R µ ´ ³ ² ± ° ¯ ®¬ « ª a ` _ ^] \ [ Z Y X S :‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬

.(٨٠ :a) R k j i h g f e d c b             -٤ ،٣   + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٢٢ :¹) R , v u t s r q p o n m S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٨١ :a) R { z y x w R3 2 1 0 / S -٥ / .- , + *) ( ' & % $ # " S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٥١ :a) R: 9 8 7 6 5 43 2 1 0 ِ ِ ِ َ :‫ﻋﲇ ◙ ﻗﺎل‬ ِ ُ ُ َ ‫ﺑﻌﺜﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ َ ْ ‫واﳌﻘﺪاد‬ َ َ ْ َ ،‫واﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ََ َ ْ َ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َأ َﺎ َ ﱡ‬ ّ َ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ِ ِ ِ َ ‫ َ ِ ﱠ‬،‫ﺧﺎخ‬ َ َ ْ َ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﺗﺄْ ُﻮا‬ ُ ِ َ ْ » :‫ﻗﺎل‬ َ َ ،‫اﻷﺳﻮد‬ ٍ َ ‫روﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮا َ ﱠ‬ ٌ َ ‫وﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬ َ َ َ َ ،‫ﲠﺎ َﻇﻌﻴﻨ ًَﺔ‬ َ ْ َ ِ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ِ َ َ ِ َ ،‫اﻟﺮوﺿﺔ‬ ُ ْ َ ‫ﺗﻌﺎدى ﺑِﻨَﺎ‬ ْ َ َ ْ َ ..«‫ﻓﺨﺬوه ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻨَﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ُ ْ َ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ْ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨَﺎ ِ َإﱃ ﱠ‬ ْ َ َ ْ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ َ َ َ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‬ ُ ُ ُ َ

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪ِ ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻌﻴﻨ َِﺔ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺮﺟﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪ ِ ِ ْ ُ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻣﻌﻲ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﺘﻪ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺻﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب َ ْأو َﻟﻨ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‪ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻠﻘﲔ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺘﻌﺔ ِ َإﱃ ُأ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ِ ِ ِ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎس َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻓﻴﻪ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ْﻴﻨَﺎ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫اﳌﴩ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱪﻫﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﲔ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳜُِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻃﺐ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟«‪.‬‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﺼﻘﺎ ِﰲ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ ً ُﻣ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻻ َْ َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻦ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ؛ ِ ﱢإﲏ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺠﻞ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاﺑﺎت ِ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻚ َ‬ ‫ﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﻮن ِ َ‬ ‫أن َأ ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫إذ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳛُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﺒﺒﺖ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ْﺪﻫﻢ َ ً‬ ‫وأﻣﻮاﳍﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪا َ ْ‬ ‫ﺨﺬ ﻋﻨ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗﻨﻲ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َُ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﻮن ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ِ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﺪادا‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا َوﻻَ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺮاﺑﺘﻲ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ! ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﻜﻢ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫أﴐب‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ☺‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫دﻋﻨﻲ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪرﻳﻚ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻋﻨ َُﻖ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻃﻠﻊ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َﻗﺪ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻞ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺪرا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬ َﺪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪر َ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺘﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮت َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﻠﻮا َﻣﺎ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻃﺐ ◙)‪ :(٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺳﻮس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎ؛‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫وﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻼ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﺬاء ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺳﻮس ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ أم ﻻ)‪(٣‬؟‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠٠٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٤٩٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٥٥ /١٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ُ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫)‪َ (٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺾ اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل أﰊ ﺣﻨ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮه إﱃ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ّ‬ ‫»اﻷم« ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪» ،(٦٠٩ /٥‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪» ،(٥٣٧ /٢‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٤٠٥ /٣٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﴐﺑﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮاﻻة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ُ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄي إﻋﺎٍﻧﺔ؛ ً‬ ‫اﻷول‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﻢ ﻋﲆ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ورﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أن ُﻳﻌﻴﻨَﻬﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ُﳛ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ♫؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل)‪ :(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ (٥١ :a) R 3 2 1 0 / S :‬ﱠإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮه ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﲨ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺛﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎ ِر ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر‬ ‫ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻨﻘﻴﻄﻲ ♫)‪ُ َ ْ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ َ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرا‪ً ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲔ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻋﲆ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاوة‬ ‫ﺧﻮف‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬه‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲢﺼﻞ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ـ ـ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮادﲥﻢ ـ ـ أي ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻗﺪ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ ﺑﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ ﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫أو َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻪ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬وأ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪! S :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﳌﴩﻛﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺘﻌﺔ ﱠﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫" ‪.(١ :») R + * ) ( ' & % $ #‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ُ ِأﰊ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﴫ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻓﻚ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُﻋﺒﺎدة ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪر ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ ،‬واﷲ ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻪ وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﺤﲆ« )‪.(١٣٨ /١١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬أﺿﻮاء اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٤١٣ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٥٢٣ /٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﻴﺔ)‪ .(١‬وﳍﺬه ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﻠﺘﻪ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓًِﻘﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ً‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄوﻻ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫أﴐب ُﻋﻨ َُﻖ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫دﻋﻨَﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﺎ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﺳﻴﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻀﲑ ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﷲ ﻟﻨ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َﻘﺘﻠﻨﱠﻪ؛ ﱠإﻧﲈ أ َﺖ ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﲡﺎدل ﻋﻦ اﳌ ُﻨ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﲔ؛ ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ودل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺟﺲ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮراﲥﻢ‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫‪ :‬إذا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫أﻋﺎن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرة ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاء اﷲ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮدة َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ♫)‪ُ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاوة‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻮف‪ ،‬أو َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺎ ُﻧﺔ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬه َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻮدﲥﻢ‪ ،‬أو ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﴫﲥﻢ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺒﺘﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻻة‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺘﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت ْ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﺎ َ ً‬

‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤١٤١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٢٧٧٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻓﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٦٦) ١‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٩٦ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺤﺚ‪» :‬اﻟﻮﻻء واﻟﱪاء وأﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻔﺎر واﳌﺒﺘﺪﻋﺔ واﻟﻔﺴﺎق«‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪.(١٩٤ /٧٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -٢ ،١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪« ª © ¨ § ¦¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  S :‬‬ ‫¬ ® ¯ ‪R ½ ¼ » º ¹¸ ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ±°‬‬

‫)‪.(٢٥ ،٢٤ :l‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ آدم ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫دﻣﻬﺎ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أول َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷول ْ ٌ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎس َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺮاب ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮف َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫☺ َ َِْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﳍﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺚ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺮأى ُ َ‬ ‫إن ً ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻄﺌﻮا َﻋﻨْﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ََِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْاﻷَ ْ َﺼ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫رﺋﻲ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ِ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻌﻮا َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴪور ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﴫة ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ورق‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ِﲠﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ِﰲ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ًَﺔ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُﺳﻨ ًﱠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺔ َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُﺳﻨ ًﱠﺔ َ ﱢ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ِﰲ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺟﻮرﻫﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِﲠﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳾء«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫وزر َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫أوزارﻫﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺪى َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َإﱃ ُ ً‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺟﻮر ﻣﻦ َ ِﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨ ُْﻘﺺ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺮ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫أﺟﻮرﻫﻢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ُ ُ ِ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺛﺎم ﻣﻦ َ ِﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨ ُْﻘﺺ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ٍَ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫آﺛﺎﻣﻬﻢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٧٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠١٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٧٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ َإﱃ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﻎ ِﰲ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﺪ ِﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮم‪ٍ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ٌ ِ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُﺳﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ِْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫دﻣﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ِ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻬﺮﻳﻖ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وإﻳﺎﻛﻢ ُ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﳏﺪﺛﺎت ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ِ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎض ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُْ ٍََ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺔ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺔ ِ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﳊَﱠﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻮاﻳﴘ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدة َ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﺣـﻤﺪ )‪ ،(١٢٦/٤‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٦٠٧‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٦٧٢‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪.(٤٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤١٩) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٥١ ،٥٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٦٢ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٧٣‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬ﲪﻞ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﺪه ﻋﲆ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪ .٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪S R Q P O N M L KS :‬‬ ‫‪^ ] \ [ Z Y XW V U T‬‬

‫_`‪.(٢٤ :e) Rlkjihgfedcba‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻈﺮوا ﻣﺎذا َﳛ ﱡﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻢ؛‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻢ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪ :(١‬أي‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫وﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺪي‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ .Rl k j i h gf e d c S :‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺮد ﻟﻪ‪Rl k j i h S ،‬‬ ‫♫‪ R f e d c S :‬اﻟﺬي ﻻ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ اﷲ ً ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎرﺟﲔ ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮرات‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫أي‪َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﲔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إن ﻫﺬه اﻵﻳﺔ ﰲ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲡﺎرﲥﻢ أو ِ‬ ‫ُ َِ‬ ‫أوﻻدﻫﻢ أو َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪﻫﻢ اﷲ ْ ِ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺻﲑورﲥﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﲔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ َ َ ْ‬ ‫إﺳﻼم‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﷲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺎ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ُ َ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺬاب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ أو ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺎب‬ ‫إن ﰲ ُ َ‬ ‫‪☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻛﻮن َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻻَ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه َ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪه َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َِ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(١٢٤ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٤٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه َ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪه«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ ِ َ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻮ َن َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ وﻫﻮ ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺬ ِ َﺑﻴﺪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ! َﻷَ ْ َﺖ َأﺣﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳾء ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ‬ ‫إﱄ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫أﻛﻮن َأﺣﺐ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻚ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻵن وا ِ َﻷَ ْ َﺖ َأﺣﺐ ِ َإﱄ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ«‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫َْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ِ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻵن َﻳﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻳﲈﻧﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﱂ ْ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺮاد ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﳌ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﺟﺮ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻮف‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺧﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬وﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻟﻖ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٦٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧٠ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ◙‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﳍﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ ْ ُ‬ ‫َﻄﻌﻮن«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻂ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪاة َﲨ ٍْﻊ‪ ُ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻬﻦ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻴﺎت ﻫﻦ ﺣﴡ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ِﱄ«‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﻄﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳋﺬف‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﻮ ِﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻠﻮ ِﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ِ ْ ُ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫وإﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ْ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻗﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻠﻮق ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ُ ُ ّ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة إﱃ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻣﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫ﳎﺎوزة َ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﻫﻮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُُﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﴚء أو ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﲪﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺣﻬﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻞ إﱃ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ واﻟﺬي ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺒ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ُ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ووﺿﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺔ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﻠﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻮن‪َ ُ ِ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻌﻤﻘﻮن‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻄﻌﻮن«‪ :‬أي‪ ِ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎوزون‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٦٧٠‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪود ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وأﻓﻌﺎﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﳍﻢ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺎد‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٤٧ ،٢١٥ /١‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٣٠٥٧‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٠٢٩‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮوﻧﺎ‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ أ ًﺮا ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن واﻟﻌﺠﲇ‪ ،‬وروى ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٨٩)١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٨١ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﴫﻓﻮن ﰲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮن‪ ،‬وأﳖﻢ‬ ‫واﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻮن دﻋﺎءه‪ ،‬وأﳖﻢ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻮ َن ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫وأﳖﻢ ُﳚِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﴬون‪ ،‬وأﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﻌِﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍﺕِ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪َ -(١٩‬ﻋﺪم ﱠ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺰه ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺳﻼ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ -(٢٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ْ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ -(٢١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َﺻﻼة ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن َ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أم ً‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٢‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ ِ -(٢٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٤‬ﻣﻨْﻊ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻦ ﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ َ -(٢٥‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ -(٢٦‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ا َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫)‪ -(٢٧‬ﻣﻨ ُْﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن ﺑﻼ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫إﻓﻄﺎر ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ -(٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك اﳊﺞ ﻣﻊ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ُ -(٢٩‬ﱢ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺  -٢ ،١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫إﳖﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻَ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺬﺑﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْﺑﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََُ ﱠَ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺴﻴﺐ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻘﻪ ِ ْ‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺮس َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َﲔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﻃﺐ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ«‪ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻴﺒﺴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْﻬﲈ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻔﻒ َﻋﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري)‪ » :(٢‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑ«‪ ..‬وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َُ َ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﻪ َ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل«‪ .‬وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ َ » :(٣‬‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ» :‬ﻗَﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل َ ْأو َ‬ ‫ْﺰه َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘَﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱪئ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َﻻ َ ْ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ ِﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٥٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٩٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٢٠١ /٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱪئ«‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوي‬ ‫ْﺰه«‪ ،‬و» َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘَﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْﺑﻮﻟﻪ«‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ«‪ ،‬و» َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث رواﻳﺎت؛ » َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺤﺮز ﻣﻨﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻻ َﻳﺘﺠﻨ ُﱠﺒﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ﰲ َﻛﺒﲑ«‪َ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ِ‬ ‫زﻋﻤﻬﲈ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺒﲑ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﲈ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻠﲔ؛ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻼ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬أي َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ«‪ :‬ﻛﺬا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ُ :(٣١٨ /١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﲆ رواﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘَﻨْﺰه«؛‬ ‫ﺳﱰة‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ﺑﻮﻟﻪ َ ً‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺘﺎر أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮاﻓﻖ رواﻳﺔ »ﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ رواﻳﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﱪاء ﻓﻬﻲ أ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﱠﻨ ﱡَﺰه وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻠﻎ ﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻌﺎد‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٠٥٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪.(٢٠٦٩ ،٢٠٦٨) ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٢٦ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ .(٣٤٨‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪» ،(٣٧‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ«‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ آﺧﺮون‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪» ،(١٠٨١‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ« )‪.(٢٠٨ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ََﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎل ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﻗﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮوا ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َْْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻮل ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪ُ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ ِﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫وﳛ َﻚ؛ َ َأﻣﺎ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎب َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻗَﺎل‪ُ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺿﻮه ِ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِ َ‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺬب‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻬﺎﻫﻢ؛ َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳾء َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎرﻳﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﲠﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫إْ َ‬ ‫ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬وﺳﺒﺐ ِ‬ ‫َﺰه ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻼ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة؛ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﱰﻛﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﺰه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺪم ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن أ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٣٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٤٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(١٩٦ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ« )‪ ٣١٧ /١‬ﻓﺘﺢ(‪ ،‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٠١ /٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٨٢‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٠٧ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٤٣‬ﺳﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم )‪.(١٢٠ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫أﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﲥﺎوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻮات ً‬ ‫ﺻﻼة أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺎﺳﻼ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤـﺎ‪ ،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮا‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وأ ﻰ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺬر؛ ﻓﻘﺪ أ َﻰ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R £ ¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y x w S :‬‬

‫)‪.(٥٩ :o‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺎدوا‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﺳﻠﻜﻮا‬ ‫درب‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪوا ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺆﻻء ٌ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮﻃﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳖﺞ اﻷ ﺒﻴﺎء واﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻮاﲥﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﲥﺎوﻧﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺎﻫﻠﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻐﻰ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮوﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﱠ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻮى َ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺬﻟﻞ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺮب ﱠ‬ ‫واﳋﻀﻮ ِع ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ أﺳﻌﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻓﱰﻛﻬﺎ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ٌ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ووﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻳﻞ ﳍﻢ إن ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮا‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﳋﴪا ِن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺒﴩ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ْ‬ ‫إن ﱂْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮوا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل رﺑﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪R M L K J I H G F S :‬‬

‫)‪.(٥ ،٤ :ê‬‬ ‫ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ووﻳﻞ ﳌﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺮ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺎﺳﻞ ﰲ أداﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻳﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻳﻞ ﺛﻢ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺒﻮد‪ٌ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻮد‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮب‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﺜﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺮ وﺟﻬﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة وﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ دﻧﻴﺎه‬ ‫ﲥﺎون‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔﻗﺒﻞ ﳑﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎر ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﻐﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ٍ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واد ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮاﺗﻪ‪ .‬واﻟﻮﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻧﺴﺎق‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﺪ أﻫﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٦٦٢-٦٥٩ /٢٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﺠﺎة ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﱂ ْ ُﳛَ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرا‪ً َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻫﺎﻧﺎ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ً َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َﱂ ْ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﺮﻋﻮن‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎرون‪َ ْ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﺎﻣﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﺎن‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎة‪َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫وأﰊ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳛﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻼة ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا اﳋﱪ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﰲ اﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎرون‪ «..‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫أن ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﻣﺜﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﲠﻢ‪ ،‬أو ُﳜ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺬا أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ إﻻ أن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ﻪ‪.(٤٣ ،٤٢ :É) R ñ ð ï î í ì ë ê é è S :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ﻣﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮاب َ‬ ‫وﺳﻘﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺤﻴﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺎﺳﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮب‬ ‫أوردﻫﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫أول ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻮي اﳌﺒ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ ٍ‬ ‫أداﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺬر ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺣﲔ‪ ،‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻨَﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻻ ﲢﺮﻣﻚ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻮد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫دار ُ‬ ‫واﺣﺬر َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ¶‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٩ /٢‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ ،(٢٧٦٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼل ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪ :‬وﰲ ﺛﺒﻮت ﻫﺬا‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺴﻮي ﰲ ﺛﻘﺎت ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ أﻫﻞ ﻣﴫ‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎت َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻓﻼ أرى ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼل ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺘﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد‬ ‫اﳋﱪ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة اﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠاﻟﺬي َﺑﻴْﻨَﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺟﺪون‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﲠﻢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدرون‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺿﻌﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫وﻷﻣﺮه‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدﻗﻮن ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك اﻟﺼﻼة ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﲔ‪ٌ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻮة ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳋﱪﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮت َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪا َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أن ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪوا َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ َِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮا‬ ‫وأن ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﺎﺗﻞ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻮا َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ‬ ‫وأﻣﻮاﳍﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻳﺆﺗﻮا ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ََ‬ ‫دﻣﺎءﻫﻢ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﻮا ﻣﻨﱢﻲ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ َِ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺎﲠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ ِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ْ ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُﺟﻨ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺜﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْﺪب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ﱠﳑﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺺ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِﻣﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫رؤﻳﺎ؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫رأى َ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ َ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذات َ َ ٍ‬ ‫وإﳖﲈ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وإﳖﲈ َﻗﺎﻻَ ِﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َأ َ ِﺎﲏ ﱠ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪاة‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ِﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﻌﺜﺎﲏ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫آﺗﻴﺎن‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻄﺠﻊ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ْ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وإﻧﺎ َأ َﻴْﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ْ َ ِْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﲈ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﲏ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ َ ٌ ْ‬ ‫وإذا َ ُ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺨﺮةِ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺨﺮة‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺮأﺳﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺮ َﻫﺎ ُﻫﻨَﺎ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺜﻠﻎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺪﻫﺪه َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳞﻮي ِ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وإذا ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻮد َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔﻌﻞ ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺮ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ا ﱠ ِ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﳍﲈ‪َ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻷوﱃ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫اﳌﺮة ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬاِن؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻨ ُْﺬ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎﻻَ ِﱄ‪ِ ِ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪َ َ ..‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﳍﲈ‪ ِ َ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺒﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎﻻ َ ِﱄ‪َ َ :‬أﻣﺎ ِ ﱠإﻧﺎ َﺳﻨ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ُﺨﱪك‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ؟ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷول ﱠاﻟﺬي َأ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪(١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٦٢١‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٠٧٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٤٦ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎم َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ«‪..‬‬ ‫ﻓﲑﻓﻀﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن َ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺮ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻠﻎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ)‪ِ ُ ْ » :(٢‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎق اﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪ .(١‬وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ِﺑﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎدر َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮه‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎدر‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎدر‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎدة ﻣﻦ أﻣﴣ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻳﻤﴤ واﻷ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ أن َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﺎء ﻻ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻋﺮض ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﰲ َِ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﺪاوﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎت ﱢ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺠﻠﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺮأﺳﻪ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم ﻋﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻨ َْﺘﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ َْﻘﴤ‪ ،‬ﱟ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه ﺑﻨﻘﻴﺾ ﻣﺎ أراد‪Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å S ،‬‬ ‫َُﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪.(١٢٤ :p) R Ð Ï Î‬‬ ‫‪    -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﺗﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ َﻛﺄَ ﱠ َﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت ﻟﻪ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ً‬ ‫وﺗﺮت ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻴﻼ أو ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ إذا َ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ« َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﱰ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِذي َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻴﺢ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ِﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮوا‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫‪       ☺   -٦‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪xw v u t s r q p o n m S :‬‬

‫واﳌﺮاد ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮ اﷲ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ُ ،(٩ :s) R ~ } | {z y‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧٠٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٣٨٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٢٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٩٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫إن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫أول َﻣﺎ ُﳛَ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺰ ِ َ َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻋﲈﳍﻢ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼةِ َ ِ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ؟ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮوا ِﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫أم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪي َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﲤﻬﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُُ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮع َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮع؟ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱡ ٍ‬ ‫أﲤﻮا‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺺ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺪي ْ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮوا َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺘﻪ ِﻣﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل َ َ‬ ‫ذاﻛﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺪي َ ِ َ َ ُ ْ ﱡ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪» :‬إِ ﱠن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺐ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أول َﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺠﺢ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َِ ْ‬ ‫وﺧﴪ‪.«...‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺪت َ َ ْ‬ ‫وإن َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺤﺖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻠﺢ َوأَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎب َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﳋ ْﴪا ُن ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﱠ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻨﺎب ا‬ ‫‪ -٧‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺳﻼ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع؛‬ ‫وﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﲆ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ َ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ْ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﰲ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺑﻖ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺮوﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﱢﻴﻢ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺈﺛﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ وﺷﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٨٦٤‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٤١٣‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦٥‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٤٢٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٢٩٠ /٢‬وﻗﺪ أﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ واﻻﺿﻄﺮاب‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٥٦ /٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪ .(١٢٢ /١١‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ ،(١٢٧ /١‬ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن‬ ‫)‪» ،(٤٥٤ /١‬اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺎت اﳌﻤﻬﺪات« )‪» ،(١٥٢ /١‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪،(١٨١ /٢٣ ،٦١ ،٥٣ ،٣٩ /٢٢‬‬ ‫»اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١١٤) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٦٩ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬إرﺷﺎد‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٦١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢١٧ /١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪.(٤٣٧ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺼﻼة وﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺎرﻛﻬﺎ« )‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻌﺮض ﻟﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﷲ‬ ‫وﴍب‬ ‫وأﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺨﻄﻪ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫وﺧﺰﻳﻪ ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺎرﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱢ‬ ‫وﴎق؛ ﱠ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة أو‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻋﻨﻲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ـ ـ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻻزم َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ إﻻ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺮﻣﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻘﻴﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺧﴪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﺗﻪ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﻫﻞ َﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻂ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﺣﺪة ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮك وﻟﻮ َ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ ﻟﻜﺒﲑةٍ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫وإن ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﻫﺎ)‪(١‬؟‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﺗﺮك وﻟﻮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة ِ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳜﺮج‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋ ْ ً‬ ‫أﺧﺮ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﺪا ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﱂ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻊ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺮط ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫وردت ﰲ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻘﻲ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة أو ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه ﺳﻨ ُﱠﺘﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ؛ ﻫ ْﻞ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻇﻬﺮ واﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ أم ﻻ؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳜﺮج ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮل ﲨﺎﻫﲑ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻛﲈ َﺗﺮى‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫آﺛﲈ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬

‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس رﲪﺔ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ِ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮرا‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﱠأﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎص ﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳜﺮج ُ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﷲ اﻟﻌﺠﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪َ ُ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺴﺄ ُﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰاﻋﺎ؟ وﻫﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ☺‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ إﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة؟‬ ‫إﺣﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮى ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻄﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮى ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄي ﻛﺒﲑة ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ؟ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﲡﻌﻞ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺒﻂ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﺎ ﷲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﺐ أي ﱡﻛﺒﲑة ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻪ؟ وﻧﺤﻦ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك ﺑﺎﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮل ﺑﻞ ذﻟﻚ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﻌﺪ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻷن َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻰ اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َك ﺑﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻼ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ٍْ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ إﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‬ ‫وﺻﻼة‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﺪواﻧﺎ ْ ً‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎر ُ ْ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ وﱂ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎدروا‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻼﻫﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﴎون إن ﱂ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬إﻻ ِ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺬر‪ .‬وﻛﺬا ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ ♫‪ُ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺮج ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻮﲥﺎ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﺆﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺬي ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎدر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر« )‪.(٣٠٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺼﻼة وﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺎرﻛﻬﺎ« )‪.(١٢٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ رﻋﺎك اﷲ! ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﱠﻓﺮط ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻼة َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرة‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺼﻼة اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺮ اﻟﺼﻼة ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪوي ♫‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة ْ َ َ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺼﻼﺗﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺗﲔ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ َﻟﻪ‪ِ ٌ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﱠ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻊ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫إﻻ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ‬ ‫ﺐ ِ َإﱃ َ ٍ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱡﻬﺒﻰ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات اﳋﻤﺲ؛ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث أو ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑي‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ؛ ﻓﺄ ﺎ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﻮُل ﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻼﺗﲔ أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎة اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﳞﺪي ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺄل اﷲ أن ِ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺪﻳﻨﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺻﻼﺗﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وأن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪﻧﺎ ْ ً‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬وﻫﻮ ﻻ ﳚﻮز ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫وﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺑ ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻠﺔ؛ وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪x w v u t s S :‬‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .(١٠٣ :`) Ry‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ أ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﺸﺒﺚ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق ﰲ »اﳌﺼﻨﻒ« )‪ ،(٤٤٢٢‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪،(١٦٩ /٣‬‬ ‫وأ ﻮ إﺳﺤﺎق اﻟﻔﺰاري ﰲ »اﻟﺴﲑ« )‪ ،(٣١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ رواه اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٨٨‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻨﺶ وﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٧٥ /١‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬أ ﻮ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪ ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٧ /١٣‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٠٠ /٨‬ﴍح اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪» ،(٣٤‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٣٢‬وﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وأ ﻰ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼة ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮم َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫آﻣﺮ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﳘﻤﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺮق َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﲥﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ِ ُُ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ُ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪        ☺   -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ وأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﳖﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻮاد ِﻣﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ْﱪه‪َ » :‬ﻟﻴَﻨ َ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺎت‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻋﻬﻢ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﲔ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺘﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُُ ِِ ْ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫واﳋﺘﻢ ﱠإﻧﲈ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺒ ُﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ُ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺮي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳉﻌﺪ ﱠ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎﻃﺒﻊ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ُﲨ ٍَﻊ َ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﲥﺎوﻧﺎ ِ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٥٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ودﻋﻬﲈﳉﻤﻌﺎت"‪َ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ ُ ُ ْ ُ ِ ْ َ " .(٨٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٥ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪:‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(١٠٥٢‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٥٠٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٦٩‬و"اﻟﻜﱪى" )‪،(١٦٦٨‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١١٢٥‬أﲪﺪ )‪.(٤٢٤ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ِﰲ ِرواﻳﺔ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن اﻟﺜﻮري ♫ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻌﺪ ◙ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ َ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ْ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﳑﻦ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎدﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪ (٢٨٥٧‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٢٥٨‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﺮد ﲠﺎ اﻟﺜﻮري ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎذة‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو؛‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٦٥) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٧٣‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٤٨ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٢٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪         ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲡﺎوز َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎم َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺑﻖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻂ‪ُ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َُْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ْ » :‬اﺛﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﲡﺎوز‬ ‫َﺎن َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َأ َﻖ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺖ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫رءوﺳﻬﲈ‪َ ٌ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ َُُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻤـﺎ ُ ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻊ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أم َ ْ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ُ ُ‬ ‫رءوﺳﻬﻢ ْ ً‬ ‫وأﺧﻮان َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﺎرﻣﺎن«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻂ‪َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﱰﻣﺬي ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻗﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆم ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ً‬ ‫أن َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺮه ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻫﻪ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻇﺎﱂٍ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﺳﺤﺎق ﰲ ﻫﺬا‪ِ :‬‬ ‫إذا َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎن أو‬ ‫واﺣﺪ أو‬ ‫ﻛﺮه‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ ﲠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٣٦٠‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ َﻏـ ـ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﲈ ﺑﻌﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﺰور ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ـﺎﻟﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ٌ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪ ،‬وﳌﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﻪ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس واﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﳌَﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺒﻲ ﺻﺪوق رﺑﲈ ﳞﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٩٧١‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ‬ ‫َ ِّ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪ ،(٣٦٢٨‬وﻓﻴﻪ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻮاﻫﺪ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َُ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪.(١٩٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﳋﻄﺎﰊ ♫)‪ِ ْ ُ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ إن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻘﺤﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮه اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ ُ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ ًِ‬ ‫دوﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻫﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﺾ‬ ‫وأﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮي ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮم‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﲠﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ْﻧﻔﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎوز َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻠﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫آذان ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وأﳖﺎ ﻻ ُﲡَ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ آﺧﺮون‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‪ ،‬وإﱃ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺪوه أ ًﻀﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺄﻣﻮﻣﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ا‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﱪة ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﻫﻮن أ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎره‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱠأم ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍا‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺎ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺮا ﺑﻤﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻧﺎ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫راﺗﺐ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﺎم‬ ‫أو ﻏﲑه أوﱃ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ً‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪.(١٧٠ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر« )‪.(٢١١ /٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٦٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤٠ ،٢٣٩ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆم ً‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻠﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮم وﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﲪَ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ٍ‬ ‫راﺗﺐ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺄﻣﻮﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ وﻋﲆ ا‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮا ﻋﲆ‬ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪى ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ َ‬ ‫اﳌﴫح ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺐ‬ ‫إن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻷن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪.(٢٩٢ /١٠‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ؛ ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُِْ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻮب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪود‪ َ َ ،‬ﱟ‬ ‫ﻧﺰول‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺒﻮر وﻧﺤﻮه‪ٍ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﻴﺎﺣﺔ‪ٍ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﻞ َ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ودﻋﺎء ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬه اﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻖ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪  ☺  -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳋﺪود‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﻮب‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﻮى َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻋﺎ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ُُ َ‬ ‫‪☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﴚ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﺎ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮدة ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻊ َأ ُﻮ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ورأﺳﻪ ِﰲ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺖ ْ َ َ ٌ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ْ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮد َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََُْ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮئ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﺎق َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ َﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ َ َ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وا ﱠ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫» ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺎﻗﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮئ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﳋﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳋﺪود«‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢٩٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ َ َ » .(١٠٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ وإﻻ ﻓﴬب ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ َ َ » .‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﻮب«‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ْ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ «ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﻮى ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻛﲈل ْﻓﺘﺤﻪ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻘﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد َ ﱢ‬ ‫آﺧﺮه وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻂ‪َ» .‬و َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأس‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﻨ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺒﻮر‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﻼه وﻛﺬا ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡﺪﺑﺔ؛ ﻛﻘﻮﳍﻢ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(١٦٤ /٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ٌ‬ ‫َِ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ » .(١٠٤‬ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﻘﺔ«‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﲥﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫» َ َِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‪ .‬واﻟﺸﺎﻗﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻖ ﺛﻮﲠﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‪» .‬ﴍح‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ«‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻖ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١١٠ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ َ ﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺪﺛﻬﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َﺎ‬ ‫ﳛﱢَُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻖ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﺮق«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻠ َﻖ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮئ ِ َإﻟﻴْﻨَﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ » :(١‬أ ْ َﺮأ ُ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻜﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺮق‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻖ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻮﳖﻦ‪ :‬وذﻛﺮ اﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ ْ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ٌ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪.. :‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل ْ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري َ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮاﻟ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺐ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺋﺤﺔ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ☺‪» :‬اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫إذا َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮان ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﲥﺎ ُ َﺗﻘﺎم ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮب«‪.‬‬ ‫ودرع ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﴎﺑﺎل ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََِْ ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪ ☺  -٥‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ْ » :‬اﺛﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺘﺎن ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ َ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺖ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌُْ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪،(١٨٦١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(٤٧٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪     ☺     -٦‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻣﺸﺔ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ » َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﻞ َ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪاﻋﻴﺔ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺒﻮر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟ ﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮت ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎء ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎل‪ .‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن اﻟ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﻮي؛‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﱡ َ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻮت ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎل‪ ،‬أو ُﴏا ٍخ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺎح‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻊ‬

‫َ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺳﻨﺪه اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٥٨٥‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٣١٥٦‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ أ ﻮ أﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺤﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري وأ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٢١٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺗﻢ وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ« )‪» ،(٢٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٥٨) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٧ ،٢٠٤‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦٢ /١‬ﴍح‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺪود‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻄﻢ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻄﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٨٤‬و َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫زاد اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫وﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮت‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺪ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺶ أو ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻖ اﳌﺮأة َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳ ِﻞ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻒ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻖ أو ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﲈﻋﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺒﻮر َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﻮب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﴩ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻮح‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ‬ ‫اﳋﺪود‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺎت‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻖ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﻔﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﳉﻴﺐ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺪ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﲬﺶ ﻧﺤﻮ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٨ /١٣‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪.(٢٩١ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ò Ñ ÐÏ Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å Ä S :‬‬ ‫‪R å ä ã â áà ß Þ Ý ÜÛ Ú Ù Ø × Ö ÕÔ Ó‬‬

‫)_‪.(١٨٠ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﺒﻦ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﱰﻧﺎ‪ :‬وﻻ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ اﻵﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳜِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻮن ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨ َﻞ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ اﷲ ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺨﻠﻮن َﺑﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﷲ اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑا ﳍﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﻮات ﻫﻮ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻠﻮا أن‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻋﻨَﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﰲ‬ ‫ﴍ ﳍﻢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮراة ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻨﻮا ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫وﻧﻌﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َُﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻠﲔ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة؛‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺨﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫وأوﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷول وﻫﻮ أ ﱠﻪ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄول َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪Ú Ù Ø × Ö S :‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ أ ﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫‪َ RÛ‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻣﻨ ََﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻌﺒﺎﻧﺎ ﰲ َﻋﻨ ُِﻘﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺄﰐ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﺑﺬﻟﻚ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪I H G F E D C B AS :‬‬ ‫‪U T S R QP O N M L K J‬‬ ‫‪e d c ba ` _^] \ [ Z Y X W V‬‬ ‫‪Rr q p o n m l k ji h g f‬‬

‫)‪.(٣٥ ،٣٤ :e‬‬ ‫)‪" (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي" )‪.(٢٧٠ ،٢٦٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺖ َﻟﻪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﲪِ َﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ ﱢ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َﺟﻨ ُ ُْﺒﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮدت ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﻴﺪت َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﺒﻴﻨ ُُﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫َ ََْ‬ ‫وﻇﻬﺮه‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮى ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‪ِ ،‬إﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﲔ أَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َﺳﻨ ٍَﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاره َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴣ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﲑى َ ِ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻻﺻﺎﺣﺐ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺑﻞ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ْ ِ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُ َ‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﺑﻞ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎع َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫وردﻫﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺢ َ َﳍﺎ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫أوﻓﺮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺮ‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺒﻬﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ ﻣﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻓﻮاﻫﻬﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻀﻪ ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ َ َ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺆه ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻼ َواﺣ ًﺪا‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ ِ‬ ‫أوﻻﻫﺎ رد َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺮاﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﲔ أَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َﺳﻨ ٍَﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاره َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴣ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ َ ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ِإﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻨ َُﻢ؟ َ َ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻘﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﲑى َ ِ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َََ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮ َ َ‬ ‫»ََ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺢ َ َﳍﺎ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻏﻨ ٍَﻢ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ ٍَ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺼﺎء‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮوﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻻﻋﻀﺒﺎء‪َ ،‬ﺗﻨ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺤﺎء‪ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﻄﺤﻪ ِ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ ِ‬ ‫أوﻻﻫﺎ رد َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ ﻣﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺮاﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاره َﺧـ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ َ َ ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻇﻼﻓﻬﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺆه ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َُُ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻠﻪ ِإﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪.(١)..‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َﺳﻨ ٍَﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴣ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﲑى َﺳ ِ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫آﺗﺎه ا ﱠ ُ َ ً‬ ‫زﻛﺎﺗﻪ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆد َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ْ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ِ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻬﺰﻣﺘﻴﻪ ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ْأﻗﺮع َﻟﻪ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬أَ َﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑِ ْ ِ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫زﺑﻴﺒﺘﺎن ُ َ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺪﻗﻴﻪ ـ ـ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻮﻗﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬أ َﺎ َﻛﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻼ‪َ َ R Ç Æ Å ÄS :‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺰك‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٤٠٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪،(٩٨٧‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ‪ :‬اﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪،(١٤٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ُ .(١٤٠٣‬‬ ‫ذر‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٤٦٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٩٩٠‬وﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٩٩٢‬وﻋﻦ أﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٩٨٨‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠٧٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٨٣١‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻃﻮل ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ أو ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫زﺑﻴﺒﺘﺎن«‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮه‪َ َ ِ َ » .‬‬ ‫»ُ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن‪َ َ ْ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎ«‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ رأﺳﻪ ﻟﻜﺜﺮة ُ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻗﺮع«‪ :‬ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﺔ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻮداوان َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﻋﻴﻨَﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﺧﺒﺜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﻴﺎت‬ ‫أوﺣﺶ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎن َ ْﳜ ُﺮﺟﺎن ﻣﻦ َﻓﻤﻪ أو ﻧﻘﻄﺘﺎن َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺪﻗﻴﻪ«‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻮق‪ِ َ ْ ِ ِ » .‬‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ﰲ ُﻋﻨُﻘﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﳚَ‬ ‫»ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻮﻗﻪ«‪ْ ُ :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪b a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y S :‬‬

‫‪.(٧ ،٦ :¦) R c‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻮاب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ؛‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻻ ُ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫زﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻳﺆدون َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪N M L K J I H G FS‬‬

‫‪.(٧-٤ :ê) R T S R Q P O‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﻋﻮن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ا َ ُ‬ ‫َﻌﻮﳖﺎ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷول‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻌﲑوﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺄس‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻃﺎه اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﻓﻴﲈ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨْﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ُ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨ ُْﻊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺟﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪    -٢‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻛﻮﻫﻦ‪َ :‬ﱂ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻮذ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﲠﻦ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ِﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﻠﻴﺘﻢ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ! َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ُْ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻌﻠِﻨُﻮا ِﲠﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ ﱡ‬ ‫َْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺖ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻷوﺟﺎع ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻂ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺷﺪةِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻮا ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫واﳌﻴﺰان ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻴﺎل َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻘﺼﻮا ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﲔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا ِ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻮا ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮر ْ َ ِ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻌﻮا َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫زﻛﺎة َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺌﻮﻧﺔ‪ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻄﺮوا‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﻘﻀﻮا َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻂ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻮﻻ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٣٨٠ ،٣٧٩ /٢٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺪﳞﻢ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ َﱂ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻬﻢ ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ا ﱠ ِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬوا َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪوا ْ‬ ‫ﲢﻜﻢ َ ﱠ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َﻣﺎ ﰲ أ ْ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺨﲑوا ِ ﱠﳑﺎ أَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﻬﻢ َ ْﺑﻴﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َََ َ ﱠُ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‬ ‫أﲨ َُﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ َ ﺎ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫دﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻮاع َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨ ِْﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏﳛﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻬﻢ أو َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ أ ﻮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ◙ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة؛ ﻓﻌﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ◙‪َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُُ ﱢَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮت َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ ْ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻞ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ُ َُ‬ ‫وﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﳍﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻢ ﻣﻨﱢﻲ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ ِ«؟‬ ‫َ َ ُُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ا َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺎﺗﻠﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬وا ﱠ َ ُ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َوا ﱠ ِ َ ْﻟﻮ َﻣﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ْﻌﻬﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻌﻮﲏ َﻋﻨ ًَﺎﻗﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﻨ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدوﳖﺎ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ُ َ ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪر َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ◙‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮا ﱠ َﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍح ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﺖ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َََ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﻼن ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٥٤٠ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﲈﻋﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬واﻷﻇﻬﺮ أ ﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﻄﺎء ﺑﻦ أﰊ رﺑﺎح ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺳﲈﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﲈع ﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬اﳋﻼف ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ِ ُ .(٢٨٧ /١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪،(١٢٦) ١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﳑﻦ َ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ »إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٦٩ /٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ﰲ »إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٤‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٣٩٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻن‪ :‬اﻷوﱃ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ََﻊ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻮدا‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ ََﻊ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼف ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﲠﺎ ً‬ ‫ﳚﻬﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﱠإﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻼ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪ْ َ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﺒﺎد ٍﻳﺔ ٍ‬ ‫ﳊﺪاﺛﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬أو ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺼﺎر ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺬور‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﺌﺎ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮه؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب وإﻻ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺘﺎب ً‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﲡﺮي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮب ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وإﲨﺎع ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ُ ْ ً‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﺬا ﻗﺪ‬ ‫إﻗﺮاره‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻤﻨ ََﻊ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف أﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﲠﺎ ﱂ‬ ‫وأﺧﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻋﱰاﻓِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼ ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي)‪ :(٢‬إذا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫إﺧﺮاﺟﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﻮي‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر أو‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪§ ¦ ¥ S :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬي َأرى ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ أ َﻰ ﱠ ً‬ ‫¨ ‪.(١٤١ :b) R‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺧﺮاﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫وﲡﺐ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﴐرا‪ ،‬وﲠﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬إذا ﱂْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ‬ ‫ﳜ َﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ْ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٢٢٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﺠﻤﻮع« )‪.(٣٣٤ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٢٨٩ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪،(١‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪي ﰲ ﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺪﲥﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪ُ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻮر َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪاه‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮا ِﺑﻪ‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ ُُ‬ ‫إذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎن ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﺪ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ‪َ ُ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ)‪ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻻوي ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﻮن َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺎ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻗﻰ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﲈﻃﻠﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﲠﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )‪ُ ْ :(٢٧٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﲠﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر َ ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﲈﻃﻠﺔ ﺑﺄداﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ إﱃ وﻗﺖ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ َ :‬ﱡﱄ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ«‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻻوي ﱠ‬ ‫♫‪َ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮاﺗﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥١٠١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٠٩ /١‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ِ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وأﻋﻞ ﺑﺄن‬ ‫وﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪.(٤٧ /٥‬‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻮر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ« )‪.(١٧٧ /٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ ³ ²S :‬‬ ‫¾ ¿ ‪Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ ÅÄ Ã Â Á À‬‬

‫‪.(٢٦٤ :^) R Û Ú Ù Ø × ÖÕ Ô Ó Ò Ñ Ð ÏÎ‬‬ ‫‪         -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﷲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذر ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأﻫﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨْ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮارا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺒﻞ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﴪوا‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ذر‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ﱟ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺑﻮا َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎذب«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َﻔﻖ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎق ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮأة ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن ْ‬ ‫اﳌﱰﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻮث‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎل ـ ـ ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ــ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎق‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﺔ ِ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎن ِ َﺑﲈ َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫واﳌﺪﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺮازي ♫ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫أن َ ّ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر وﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٦٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٣٤/٢‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﺳﻜﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ واﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ‪ٍ.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺰار ﰲ »ﻛﺸﻒ اﻷﺳﺘﺎر« )‪ٍ ،(١٨٧٥‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻌﺎم‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻌﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻼن‪ ،‬إذا أ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﱰك اﻷﻣﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،(١٦٤ :_) R¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ S :‬وﻣﻨﻪ أن ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﲑ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺨﺲ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪f e S :‬‬ ‫ﱠﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳑﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻮع وﻏ َﲑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫‪ R i h g‬أي َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ اﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﳌِﻨ ُﱠﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺪرﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‪ :‬وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ ُﺗﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﱢﻌﻤﺔ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮب ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر‬ ‫اﳌﻦ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﱢﻌﻤﺔ‪ .‬إذا َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺘﺪﺣﻮن ﺑﱰك َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎع إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷذى ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻦ« ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ » َ ّ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪ ،(٤٠ /٧‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت )‪ ،(٢٥٤‬اﳌﻔﺮدات )‪.(٤٧٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣ ،٣١٨ /٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٣٠٨ /٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪١‬‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٩١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢١٥‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٤٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣١١ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٣١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ :‬اﳌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪           ☺   -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﲨ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻔﺮ َ َﳍﺎ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﰲ ّ‬ ‫ﺻﺪرﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ِ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫َُْ ُِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َﺧﺎﻟﺪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫رأﺳﻬﺎ َ َﻓﺘﻨ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻀﺢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ً ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪهِ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻪ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻼ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ اﷲ ☺ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻊ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ًََْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻓِﻨ َْﺖ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺲ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻧﻮب ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﱡ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺮر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻟﻪ ُ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫واﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﻪ‬ ‫وﻇﻼﻣﺎﲥﻢ ﻋﻨﺪه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺜﺮة ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﴏﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺  -٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺲ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¾ ½ ¼ » º S :‬‬ ‫واﳌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫¿ ‪.(٤٢ :§) R É È Ç Æ ÅÄ Ã Â Á À‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٣ /١١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود ) ‪ ،(٢٩٣٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٤٣ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ إﺳﺤﺎق ﻣﺪﻟﺲ وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫روﻳﻔﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻌﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ )‪ (١٠٩ /٤‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ا ْﳌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ ☺ َُﻳﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻜﺲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ﱢإﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إن َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻌﻲ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫دراﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﱠﻘﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ أ ًﻀﺎ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴬﻳﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺎس ِ ﱠﳑﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ُ َ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮاق ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺐ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫‪ :‬ﺻ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺋﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﴬا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﻜﻮس‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ُ ُ ُ .‬‬ ‫ُُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮم وﻣﻨ ِ ﱞ‬ ‫واﳌﻜﻮس ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ْﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮب‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﴩ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺰة ﻫﻲ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ ﻋﲆ ﲡﺎرة ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء؛ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻮز‬ ‫وﳚ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴐﻳﺒﺔ ﺑﴩوط َ‬ ‫ﺎل ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫وأﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱠﻮوي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﳌﻜﺎس ﻓﻴﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺺ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬ ‫وأﻏﺸﻢ ِ ﱠﳑﻦ أ َ َ‬ ‫أﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺋﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﺪد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﴐا َ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻒ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﺎﰊ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺪي‬ ‫وآﺧﺬه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ورﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﻪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎء ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزر‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫زاوﻳﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺤﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫أﻛﺎﻟﻮن ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﰊ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ووازﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻮان ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬون ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺄ ﻔﺴﻬﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻈﺎﱂ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻘﻠﺪوا َ ِ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﻻ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٥٧٥‬اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٨٨١ /٢‬ﴍح اﻟﺴﻨﺔ« )‪» ،(٦٠ /١٠‬ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻷوﻃﺎر« )‪.(١٣٢ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٧٥‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٧٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎﻳﺔ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ اﳌ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻮس‪ ،‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫واﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ َ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ .(٢٩٨ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫َﻜﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮد إﻟﻴﻬﻢ إن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﴪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﱠﺎس إﱃ أن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ َﳾء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺲ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ اﳌﻨﺬري ♫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻐﻮي ♫ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‪ ،‬أي ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱡ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺬري ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎر إذا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﳾء‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ اﺳ ٌﻢ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺴﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‪ً ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬون َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻵن ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫رﲠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬوﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎرا‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﺤﺘﺎ‪َ ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮﳖﻢ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫داﺣﻀﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ وﳍﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻟﻮ رأى أ ﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ♫ ﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳊﻖ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أرﻛﺎن ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﱠأﳖﻢ وﺿﻌﻮا‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻊ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻰ اﻟ ﱠﴬا ِﺋﺐ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﲢﺖ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺮ وﻇﺎﱂٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ودﻋﺎة ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﳞﻴﺊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺎس ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄوﳍﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ .‬وﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﱰك ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﺳﱰﻋﺎه اﷲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬وراﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱠ ﱠ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ« )‪.(٣٢٠ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪    ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫َﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﴈ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫ورﺟ ٌﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ِ َ ً‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎه ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َﱂ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬وا ﱠ ﱠاﻟﺬي َﻻ إ ِ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﺎم ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ«‪ُ .‬ﺛﻢ َﻗﺮأ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪Ã Â Á À ¿S :‬‬ ‫َ ْ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻴﺖ ِ َ‬ ‫‪.(١)(٧٧ :_) R Æ Å Ä‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ٍ‬ ‫َﻌﻚ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ٌ ُ َ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم َ ْأﻣﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َﻣﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل ا ﱠ ُ ‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َﻣﻨ ََﻊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﲇ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪاك«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ٌ ُ َ » :(٣‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻊ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ رﲪﺔ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ََﻊ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٣٥٨‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٠٨‬ﱠﺑﻮب اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ا ِ‬ ‫َﺎء ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻣﻨ ََﻊ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ا ِﺎء‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١١٧ /٢‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺘﺎج‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺪة ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ ﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎﺷﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ا ﺎء ا ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻊ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳌﻴﺠﺐ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﱰم؟ ﻓﻠﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺬل ا ﺎء ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳏﱰم‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳊﺮﰊ ُ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﺪ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﻲ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻦ ﻳﻤﻨ َُﻌﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٣٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧٢١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٥٣) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻨ ُْﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢١٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣١٤ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٥١‬‬ ‫ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎج أو ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻨ ُْﻊ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‬ ‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮار إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﴩط‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ا ِﺎء‬ ‫ﺎء‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﱂ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺘﺎج ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪاه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ َﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻤﻨ ََﻊ ُ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻫﲇ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﺑﻴْﻨَﺎ َأ َﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫إذ أَ َ ِﺎﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺮا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺒﻌﻲ َﻓﺄَ َ َﻴﺎ ِﰊ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼن َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ِ ْ‬ ‫إذا ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ‬ ‫اﺻﻌﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ِﱄ‪ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻼ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬا ِ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاء َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮات؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﺒﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬهِ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮت َﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪َ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا أَ َﺎ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺒﻬﻢ َ ﱠ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪاﻗﻬﻢ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ِﰊ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﺷﺪاﻗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮ ٍم ُ َ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻴﻞ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻘﻘﺔ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻘﲔ ِ َ َ ِ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ِ ِ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻄﺮون َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪.(١)«..‬‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‪َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﺔ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫أﻓﻄﺮ َ ْ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺧﺼﺔ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن ﰲ َ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫رﺧﺼﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءه‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ ِ ،‬إذ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬ﺑﻴﻨ ََﲈ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮس ﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻜﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأﰐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ؟«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻌﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وأ َﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﲡﺪ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻘﻬﺎ؟« َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺔ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ِ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ُ َ َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮم َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﲔ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻃ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨًﺎ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺎم ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲡﺪ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ُ ِأﰐ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻜﺚ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨَﺎ َﻧﺤﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮق َ‬ ‫َْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َﺗـ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬أ َﺎ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ؟« َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْ َﻦ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻞ ـ ـ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮق ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ــ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﺪ ْق ِ ِﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ (٧٤٩١‬واﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪ ،(١٩٨٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٤٣٠/١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٣٩٦‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٧٢٣‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(٣٢٦٥‬اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻮس ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ أ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﳘﺎ ﳎﻬﻮﻻن‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٦٧٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٨٦ /٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ؟ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﲆ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺘﻴﻬﺎ ـ ـ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮا ﱠ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﻨﱢﻲ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ٍ‬ ‫َﱠ َْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺪت َأ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﺮ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﺗﲔ ـ ـ َ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺑﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺤﻚ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أﻃ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ِ ً‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﻓﻄﺎر ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻋﻔﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر َ ٌ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﱠ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺻﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫وﻣﺪﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﳌﻜﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮض وﻻ‬ ‫ﴍ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﺮض؛ أ ﱠﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫إﺳ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﻈﻨﱡﻮن ﺑﻪ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﺤﻼل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻣﻊ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫أﻓﻄﺮ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن أو َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹﴏا ِر ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰك‪ .‬وﻛﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳖﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻓﺴﺪ‬ ‫ذاﻛﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن وﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﱂ ٌ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٣٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١١١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪» ،(٢٢٥ /٢٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٥٧) ١‬إﻋﻼم‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٦٩ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٥‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(١٥٩‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪ ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪» ،(٣٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪،(٣٢٣ /١‬‬ ‫»ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣١٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱠﺞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻃﺎق ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺴﻤﻮا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴫا ِﻧﻴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬ ‫ﳞﻮدﻳﺎ َ ْأو َﻧ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳞﻮدﻳﺎ َأو َﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﺖ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات ـ ـ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﳍﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱠﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﴫاﻧﻴﺎ ـ ـ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﴏورة َأﺣﺐ ِ َإﱃ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ َ َ ً‬ ‫وﺟﺪ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‪ْ َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺠﻬﺎ َوأَ َﺎ َ ُ َ ٌ َ ﱡ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺠﺔ َ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫وﺧﻠﻴﺖ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻏ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺰوات َ ْأو َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬وﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ‬ ‫رأ ِﻪ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻐﻪ ِ َإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ا ﱠ ِ َ َْ‬ ‫زادا َ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ‬ ‫وراﺣﻠﺔ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ َ ً‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ِﰲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت ﳞﻮدِﻳﺎ َأو ﻧَﴫ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ا ﱠ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﻴﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪} | S :‬‬ ‫ﳛ ﱠﺞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫~  ¡ ‪.(٣)«(٩٧ :_) R ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٣٤ /٤‬واﻟﻌﺪﲏ ﰲ »اﻹﻳﲈن« )‪ ،(٣٨‬وأ ﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ »ﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺎء« )‪ ، (٢٥٢ /٩‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٩٨‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ .‬وﻟﻪ ﻃﺮق ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٨١٢‬واﻟﻌﻘﻴﲇ ﰲ »اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء« )‪ ،(٣٤٨ /٤‬ﻋﻦ ﱟ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٥٢) ٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٦٩ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٣٠ /١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع" )‪/٤‬‬ ‫‪ ،(٤٣٨‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(٣٦‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ﰲ »إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ :(٢٥‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻷن اﳊﺞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﱰاﺧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺞ أو‬ ‫وﺟﻮﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬إذا َ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﱂْ أﻗﻞ‪ :‬إن ﺗﺮك َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ ن‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ن‪.١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﺠِﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٣٠‬ﱠ ﱢ َ‬ ‫)‪ُ ُ ُ -(٣١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٣٢‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٣٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮار ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ -(٣٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -٢ ،١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪´ ³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª © S :‬‬ ‫‪ÅÄ Ã ÁÀ¿¾½¼»º ¹¸¶ µ‬‬

‫‪.(١٦ ،١٥ :d) R Ë Ê ÉÈ Ç Æ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«‪..‬‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ » ﱠ َ ﱢ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻮب ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﳖﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ُ ﻮا َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺒ ـﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ ﻋﻦ أﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﺮار‬ ‫ﴍا ُك‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ٌ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«‪.‬‬ ‫َِ َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َُْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﺳ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻔﺮ ا ﱠ َ‬ ‫وأ ُﻮب ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ـ ـ َ َ ً‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ـ ـ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺮت َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻮم َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﱠاﻟﺬي ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ ِإﻻﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻲ ْ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َﻓﺎرا ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﳌﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ ♫)‪ َ َ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪل ﲠﺬا اﻷ ِﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ ُﲨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٥١١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ« )‪.(٢٦٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻳﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْﺰل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺶ ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوم ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻋﲈق َ ْأو ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎر َ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨَﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺑﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺮج ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوم‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻓﻮا َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻮا َﺑﻴْﻨَﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻮا ﻣﻨﱠﺎ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْﻬﺰم ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل ْ ُ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ََُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن‪َ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬واﷲ ِ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﳖﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻴَﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫إﺧﻮاﻧﻨَﺎ‪ْ ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﲇ َ ْﺑﻴﻨَ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺜﻬﻢ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ أَ َ ًﺪا‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺪاء ﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺘﻞ ُ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘَﻨ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ُﻮن َأ َ ًﺪا‪.(١)« ..‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺎوﻳﺔ ﱠإﻻ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻧﺎ اﷲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ إﱃ‬ ‫أودى ﲠﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ دﻳﻨَﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ اﻷ ﺪﻟﴘ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﺒﻲ ‪ُ ُ :(٢)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ☺ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫي‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﴏﻳ ٌﺢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬إﻻ َﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٩٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٥٣٠ /١‬اﳉﻮاﻫﺮ اﳊﺴﺎن« )‪ .(١٢٩ /٢‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن )‪،(٤٥٣ /١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ )‪» ،(٢٨ /٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٦١) ١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٨٣ /٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(١٥٠‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪.(٤٣٧ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪ .(٨٨ /٢‬وروى اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ﰲ »اﳌﺤﲆ« )‪ :(٣٤٣ /٥‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪر ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫ﲣﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻳﺔ ﺑﻼ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪا إﱃ اﳊﺴﻦ ♫ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‪ُ .‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫♫ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫وردت ﰲ‬ ‫واﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﳉﲈﻫﲑ أ ﱠﻪ ٍ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮاب ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺪر ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ :‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‪Y X W V S» :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮ ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ْ‬ ‫أن ﻻَ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪َ ُ َ R a ` _ ^ ]\ [ Z‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﴩ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن َﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﴩ ٍة‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‪m l S :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ون ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮ ِ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫‪َ َ (٦٦ :d) R o n‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ْ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن ﻻَ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲏ َﻋﻤﺮو ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ دﻳﻨ ٍَﺎر‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ ْ ِ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﻗَﺎل‪َ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪w v u S :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﴩ ٌة َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ ِ َ R ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ } |{ z y x‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ِ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َْ ِ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮ َ ْأو َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄس«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ ِ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ َ َ َ ٌ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻠﲔ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﻗﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ودﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ S :‬‬ ‫‪.(١٦ :d) R Ë Ê ÉÈ Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٤٦٥٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق )‪.(٩٥٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ« )‪» ،(٩٩ /٧‬اﻟﺘﺎج واﻹﻛﻠﻴﻞ« )‪» ،(٥٤٧ /٤‬اﻷم« )‪» ،(٣٩١ /٥‬اﳌﺠﻤﻮع«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٩١ /١٩‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٢٥٥ /٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ♫)‪ R ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ S :(١‬أي‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ً ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪي ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﻳﻪ ﱠأﳖﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎف ﻣﻨﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺪة؛ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﺒﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ R Á À ¿ ¾ S .‬أي‪َ :‬ﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ إﱃ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫أﻣﲑه أو إﱃ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺎوﻧﻮه‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎوﳖﻢ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﴎﻳﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ ُِ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑاﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٢٧ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻋﻦ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ب َْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺈﻳﺎﻛﻢ ِ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻞ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪p o nm l k j i h g fe d c b a S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٦١ :_) R w v u t s r q‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻤﻠﻪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮِﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺮﻋﻮﺑﺎ َ‬ ‫ُ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺬﺑﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﺄ ﻴﺒﻪ ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫رؤوس ْ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻬﺎد؛ وﻫﺬا َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َُﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎر َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﱪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻌﺎم َ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻤﻨَﺎ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻐﻨ َْﻢ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻴﺎب‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺎع َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ورﻗﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺒﻪ َﻟﻪ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬام ُ ْ َ‬ ‫رﻓﺎﻋﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ْ ٌ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮادي‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِﺑﻨﻲ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺣﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱡﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﻨَﺎ ْ َ َ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َر ُﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮادي‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺒﻴﺐ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻬﻢ‪ِ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻔﻪ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻲ ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ!‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪ً ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻴﺌﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪ .(٢٢ /٤‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٥٨ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﺘﻬﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫إن ﱢ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﻠﺔ َ َ ْ َ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻧﺎرا‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎﺳﻢ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺰع اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﱪ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َﻫﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﻬﺎ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺎﺋﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﺑِ ِﴩ ٍ‬ ‫اك َ ْأو ِﴍا َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﱪ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﲔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ٌ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َأو ِﴍ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اك ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﴍ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻛﺎن ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه«‪ ،‬واﻣﺘِﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻞ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ٌ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮون ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻛﺮة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُﻟﻪ ِ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻫﺒﻮا َﻳﻨ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر«‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎءة َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪوا َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ََ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑِﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﱪ َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ٌ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪ٌ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ٌ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮوا َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻬﺎ ـ ـ َأو َ ٍ‬ ‫رأ ُﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ِﰲ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎءة ـ ـ «‪،‬‬ ‫َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‪ ِ ،‬ﱢإﲏ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮدة َ ﱠ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اذﻫﺐ َﻓﻨَﺎدِ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب! ْ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮن«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ َ‬ ‫ُﻮن)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ َﻓﻨ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َﺎدﻳﺖ‪َ َ :‬أﻻ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٢٣٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١١٥‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ُ :(٤٨٩ /٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﳛ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﲑ ﱠ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؛ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﳛَ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﺎرا ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﻠﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺬب ﲠﺎ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻧﺎرا«‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺬاب اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﱠأﳖﺎ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٥٨ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٣٠٧٤‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ :(١٨٨ /٦‬وﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻒ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫إن ﱂْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر« أي‪ َ ُ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻷول أﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ورد ﻟﻘﻮﳍﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١١٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ :(١٢٨ /٢‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼ« ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أول َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻜﻮم ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﱠﺔ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠإﻧﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ْ ُ ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ﻓِﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ذات َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِﻲء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ُُْ َ‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻢ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻈﻤﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ! َ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﻏﺎء‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َأ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْأﻣﻠِ ُﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِﻲء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْﺤﻤﺔ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َﲪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫َﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮس َ ُ‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﷲِ! َ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ أَ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ‪َ .‬ﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻲء َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ! َ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻐﺎء‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎة َ َﳍﺎ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َأ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِﻲء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎح‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫َﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ َ َﳍﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﷲِ! َ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ أَ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ‪َ .‬ﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻲء َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِ ُ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲣﻔﻖ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ َﻟَﻚ‬ ‫رﻗﺎع َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َأ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َﳚِﻲء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺖ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ!‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻪ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َﻻ ُأ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻔﲔ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ِِْ‬ ‫أﻏﺜﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َأ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮل‪َ :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﻐﺘﻚ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮده‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺾ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ :‬أﻻ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ ِﱄ َﻳﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻮ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﻨ َْﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮل‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻃﻬﻮر َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠٧٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٣١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٢٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٠٣ /٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫☺َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﻚ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺒﴫة‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ..:‬ﻓﻤﻌﻨَﺎه أ ﱠﻚ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻨ َْﺖ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﳌ َْﻦ ﻫﺬه َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ أ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫زﺟﺮاﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ‬ ‫وﺣﺜﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ذات َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ﻓﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُُْ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‪..‬‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻢ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻈﻤﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮ َﳌﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫ )‪ :(١‬وﻻ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ :(٢‬‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫وأﺻﻞ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن اﻷ ِﺪي‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﲈل ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻐﻨﻴ َﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪ ُ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫أي‪ٌ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻮﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﱠ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ)‪َ ُ :(٤‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﴚء ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻷﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺰاة‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ اﳉ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳛ ِﴬه إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﻤﺴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺄﺧﻮذ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻞ ا‬ ‫ﻴﻮش ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏا ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻠﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠأﳖﻞ ﻳﺲ َﻗﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎل اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏ ﱞﺎل أ ًﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٣٣ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪ .(٢١٧ /١٢‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٢٥٨ /٤‬اﻹﻧﺠﺎد ﰲ أ ﻮاب‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد« )‪ ،(٤٤٠‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ ن‪» ،(٢١١) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٤٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٩٣ /٢‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪.(٤٣٨ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢١٦ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٩٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲥﺪى إﱃ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺮض ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﻘﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮب ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻻة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈل‬ ‫واﳍﺪاﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ أو َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳛﺮم ُ‬ ‫أﺧﺬه‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫إﺑﻄﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ﳛﺮم َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫َﻴﺪ ا ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ َ ِ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼ)‪،(١‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُﲪ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮغ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎءه َ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﺪي ِﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺪت ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫أم َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫َﻈﺮت َ ُأﳞ ْ َﺪى َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻚ َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ َأ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻻ؟«‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻣﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪َ َ » :‬أﻓﻼَ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫وأ ْﻨَﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻴﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ ِ َﺑﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎل َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﺪي‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄْ ﻴﻨَﺎ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫ َﺬا ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻻ؟ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﱄ‪َ َ ،‬أﻓﻼَ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻈﺮ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أم َ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺪى َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﻪ َﻓﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺪ ﰲ َ ْﺑﻴﺖ َأ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُﻋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻘﻪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َُﱡ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ِﺑﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َﳛْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻌﲑا َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻞ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َﺑ ً‬ ‫ﺧﻮار‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﻏﺎء‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻌﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ً‬ ‫وإن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫وإن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎة َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َﳍﺎ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮة َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ ﱠإﻧﺎ َﻟﻨَﻨ ُْﻈﺮ ِ َإﱃ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫إﺑﻄﻴِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺮة ِ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُﲪ َْﻴﺪ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻴﺪ‪ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻠﻮه)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻣﻌﻲ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُﲪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪َ -٢‬ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ﺣـ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮل«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ُْﱠ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪َ َ ْ َ ْ » :(١٥٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺎت َ ِﺑﻨﻲ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ ُ ً َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱡ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺘﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٦٣٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٨٣٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ِ :(٢١٩ /١٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻠﻮل؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈل‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن ﰲ وﻻﻳﺘﻪ وأﻣﺎﻧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫وﲪﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫أﻫﺪي إﻟﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ (٤٢٤ /٥‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٦ /١٠‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ؛ وﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﻦ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬وأﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ،‬وأ ﺲ‪ ،‬وأﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﱠ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪي ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْﺪي ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑة ْاﻟﻜﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ْ َ -٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮﻻ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﻤﻨَﺎ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ُ ً َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠْﻨ َُﺎه ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳐﻴﻄﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﲏ َأ ْ ُﻈﺮ إِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻮد َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻚ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲِ! ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻗﺒﻞ َﻋﻨﱢﻲ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻠﻪ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺠﺊ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﲑه‪ِ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫»ََ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﻮﻟﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ َ‬ ‫أوﰐ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأ َﺎ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻨ َُﺎه ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻵن‪َ ْ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻰ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳖﻲ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إن ِ َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﺎﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻮم ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻮﺿﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ أ ًﻀﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ا ﱠ ِ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ َ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﲈل ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺷﻤﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﲈل‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٣٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ُ ِ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ْ‬ ‫ورﺟﻮﻋﻪ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ارﺗﺪاد ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ أﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ُ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪاه‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮا ِ ِﺑﻪ‪ُ َ ِ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ ُُ‬ ‫إذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎن ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﺪ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ؛ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‪ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻻوي ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﻮن َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺎ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أوﳍﻦ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨَﺎت‪َ ،‬وا ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ورﻣﻲ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ » :‬إﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺜﻤﺔ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْاﳌِﻨ َ ِْﱪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﲇ ◙ َ ْ‬ ‫أﳞﺎ‬ ‫ﻄﺐ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱞ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫إن ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺎدﻫﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ََ :‬أﻻ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺎخ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻮﲏ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ َﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ :‬اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ َِﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ا ﱠ ُ ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وأ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪ُ ْ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻷﰊ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َأ َﺖ! ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٢٧٣ /٦‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦ /١٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜﺮ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻣﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب )‪ .(٥٧٨‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺪاره ﻋﲆ ﻋﻤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻀﻌﻔﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (١٩١٢‬وﻏﲑه‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨَﻲ! وﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻤﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳊﻖ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ َإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﳞﺎﺟﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨَﺎ؟ َ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻲء ووﺟﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُﻋﻨُﻘﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َﻋﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ ْ َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺮآﻧﺎ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ َ ‪m l k j i S‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ َ :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ُ ْ ً َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫وﻗﺮأ َ ِ َ‬ ‫‪.(٢٥ :¬) R s r q p o n‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة«‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳌﻨﺎوي ♫)‪ َ » :(٢‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺟﻮع ِ َإﱃ اﻷﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪون ﻣﻦ رﺟﻊ إﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻣﻨﻪ ☺‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ☺‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺟﺮ إﱃ ا‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎدﻳﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻮب اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﴫﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺗﺪ؛‬ ‫ُ َﱢ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ أﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب أو ﺳﻨ ٍﱠﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ◙ أ ﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫إﻻ ﻣﺎ ورد ﻋﻦ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎع ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻔﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض اﻹﲨ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﻪ اﳊﻤﺪ واﳌِﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻟﺲ وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻴﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٦٤٣ /٦‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِﺳﺤﺎق‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﲆ ﱟ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻌﻦ‪ ،‬وﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ورواﻳﺘﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ أ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﴫا‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﻦ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ رواه اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑه )‪ (٥٢١٢‬ﳐﺘ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻳﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻓﺮا ُق‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺮب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ َ » :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫ْ َِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻜﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺑﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٢٢٦ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪O N M L K J I H G F E D S :‬‬ ‫‪^ ] \ [ Z YX W V U T SR Q P‬‬ ‫_`‪kj ihgfedc ba‬‬

‫‪.(٣٩ ،٣٨ :e) R s r q p o nm l‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻄﱪي ♫ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺦ آﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺦ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻵﻳﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫♫ ‪ :‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳋﺎص ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﺎﺋﺰ أن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ R g f e d c S :‬ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْﻔﺮ‪ .‬وإذا َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺮه‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ً R ½ ¼ » º ¹ S :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺧﻼء ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﺑﻐ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﳍﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻼد‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وإﻋﻼﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ْﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ْﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫دون‬ ‫دون ﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺎﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺘﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻏﺰوة ﺗﺒﻮك‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺘﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺎم ﱢ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎر ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻤـﺎ َﻋ ﱞ‬ ‫دون ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪R > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 54 3 2 1 0 / .-‬‬

‫)®‪.(١٦ :‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٤٦٢ /١١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪E D C B A @ ? > =S :‬‬ ‫‪Z Y X W VU T S R Q PO N M L K J I H G F‬‬

‫[ \ ] ^ _ ` ‪.(٨٢ ،٨١ :e) R b a‬‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﻋﲆ ﱠأﳖﻢ ﻛﻔﺮوا ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ♫)‪ :(١‬اﻵﻳﺔ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أ َ ْﻮا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﲠﺎ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠﻔﲑ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺪي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻋﺪ ُم اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ّ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎر ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﴡ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب‪ َ ،‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وارﺗﻜﺐ ﻟِﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ‬ ‫ذب ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫َﻬﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﲆ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﴍﻋﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪوﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫إﺧﻮ َاﻧﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﻋﺎن ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻏﺰوﻧﺎ ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨ ِ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ♫ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻢ َ ِأﰊ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﻢ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮوم ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺼﻘﻮ ُ ُ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﺧﺎﻟﺪ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‪ :‬ﻣﻪ ﻣﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ إِ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪو‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤﻞ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠُ ُ‬ ‫ُ َْ َْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ ﱠ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻮب‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ ْاﻷَ ْ َﺼﺎر؛ َ ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻨَﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ ُ ِﻧﻘﻴﻢ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻠﺤﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم؛ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪q p S :‬‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﻟﻨَﺎ َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ ُ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وأﻇﻬﺮ ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ََ ََْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷَ ِﺪي ِ َإﱃ ﱠ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻟﻘﺎء ِ ْ ْ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ ِ ْ َ (١٩٥ :^) R yx w v u t s r‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﺤﲆ« )‪.(٢١١ /١١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ« )‪.(٣٣٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِﰲ َأ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﳚ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل َأ ُﻮ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺪع ِْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻠﺤﻬﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻨَﺎ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻮب ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ْﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫دﻓﻦ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أوﺟﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ؛ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ روح اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻧﺰول اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺰ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ُﳛ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؛ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺪث ِﺑﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎرك‪َ :‬ﻓﻨ َُﺮى َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ َُ َ‬ ‫اﷲِ ☺)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎرك ُ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺬى َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻏﲑه‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﲔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠإﻧﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪   -٤‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎزﻳﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﳚﱢْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻬﺰ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺰ َ ْأو ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﲑ؛ َأﺻﺎﺑﻪ ا ِ َ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺎزﻳﺎ ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎرﻋﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﳜُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ ِ َ ْ ٍ َ َ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٩٧٢‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٥١٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٧٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٦ /١٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٥٠٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٧٦٢‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ .(٢٤٦٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﺲ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ أﺧﺮج اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ )‪ ،(١٢٠١‬ﻋﻦ َ ّ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ؛ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻤﺘﻊ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﰊ َﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ِ َإﱃ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أردﻧﺎ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ﰲ َ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮس َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َأ َﺎ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫َِﱢ‬ ‫ﳜ ِ ُﱪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪   -٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﱢ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ِْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻬﻢ ا ﱠ ُ ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أذﻧﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد؛ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ورﺿﻴﺘﻢ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺘﻢ ِْ َ َ‬ ‫وأﺧﺬﺗﻢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻂ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰرع‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨَﺔ‪ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻜﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ْﺰﻋﻪ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُذﻻ َﻻ َﻳﻨ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮا ِ َإﱃ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٣‬‬ ‫ِﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﺑﻴﻮن‬ ‫دﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك اﻟﻨﱠﺎس اﳉﻬﺎد ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﻜﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻴﺼﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم أو ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا‬ ‫دار‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻼء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺼﲔ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك ِ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻐﻮرﻫﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر‬ ‫ﺎف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳜ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ذﻟﻚ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺼﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ِ :‬ﱂَ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٤‬وإن َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ٍ‬ ‫وﱂ ُﳛ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؛ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺪث ِﺑﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺰ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق«؟ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮه‪ :‬أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﳉﻮاب ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪء‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻷوﺳﻂ« )‪.(٣٨٣٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٤٦٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٤٢ ،٢٨ /٢‬وﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫أن ﻋﻄﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ ﻋﻨﺪي واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﺧﻼف ﰲ ﺳﻤـﺎع ﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٦٩ /٢‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ُ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳛَُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺪارك َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻞ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮد ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻟﻴﺲ َ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬إذا َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎر ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫إﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك اﳌ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎد ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻮك‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﻓﻬﺬا ﻫﻮ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﱄ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪو ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮم اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻛﲈ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﱠﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺰﺣﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك اﳉﻬﺎد ﻣﻊ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺘﺔ ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪو ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﻮم َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪   ☺        ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذة ﺑِﻨْﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪوﻳﺔ ‪ْ َ َ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ َ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ!‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن«‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨَﻰ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﻴﻢ ِﲠﺎ َ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﺪةِ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﺪة َ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﻨ َُﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﲑ‪َ ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎر ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺎر ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ َ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ♫‪ُ ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻛ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻻ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﴤ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺎﲠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎوي ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ♫ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪m l k j S :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫‪.(٢٤٣ :^) R z y x w v u t s r q p o n‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﱠأﳖﻢ ﺧﺮﺟﻮا ِ َﻓﺮ ًارا ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻻ أ ﱠﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ اﻵﻳﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪوم ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﰲ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮارا ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎرض ﻓ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻣﻨﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٥٥ ،١٤٥ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٨٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٤١٤ /٤‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٨١ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢٠٥ /١٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫راﺑﻌﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﻤ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﻼﺕ‪: ‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ِ -(٣٥‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ا َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٣٦‬‬ ‫ﺎل َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ -(٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫أﻣﻮال‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٣٨‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻴﺰان‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٤٠‬‬ ‫)‪ ِ -(٤١‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺶ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ -(٤٢‬ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫اﻷرض وﻟﻮ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٤٣‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪة َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٤٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ُ ﱟ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ؟‪ ..‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫أي ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﲏ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرك«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫☺‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﺢ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وا ﱠ ﻻَ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬وا ﱠ ﻻَ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ«‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻳﻘﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎره َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي ﻻَ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َوا ﱠ ﻻَ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺆذ ِ ﺟﺎره‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻔﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻜﺮم َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم اﻵﺧ ِﺮ َﻓﻼَ ُ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ ْ ُ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﻤﺖ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺧﲑا َ ْأو ِ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻞ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ـ ـ ﻣﺎ ُﳛِﺐ ﻟ ِﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُﳛِﺐ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳉﺎره ـ ـ َ ْأو َ َ‬ ‫َﻔﺴﻪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﳖﺎ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﲏ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﲢﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرك«‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي )‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ :(٨١ /٢‬‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﲏ« أي‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﳖﺎ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وإﻓﺴﺎدﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻧﻰ ﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻌﻨَﻰ‪َ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﲈﻟﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ إﱃ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ ً‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺄﻣﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻛﺮاﻣﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺋﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺬب ﻋﻨﻪ وﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﻤﻪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎره ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن اﳉ َﺎر ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫وإﻓﺴﺎدﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺬا ﱠ‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺴﺎن إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎذا َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ﻻ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻣﺮأ ﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠١٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٤٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ّرﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪َ ،‬أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ ِ َإﱃ َﺟﻨ ِ ِْﺒﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﺟﺎره َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻌﺎن َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺋﻘﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎره َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأﻣﻨ َُﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ ْ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺎس‪ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮ اﻟﺴﻮء‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪهِ َﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺪه‪ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ ِ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺋﻘﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎره َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫إن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﳖﺎ‪ِ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬‬ ‫وﺻﺪﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﲑاﳖﺎ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﳖﺎ ُ ْﺗﺆذي َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ َ َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ِﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وإﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﺻﻼﲥﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺻﺪﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻮار ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﳖﺎ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻂ‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪق ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ِﰲ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷَ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺟﲑاﳖﺎ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْﺗﺆذي َ َ َ‬ ‫‪        ╚   -٥‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎره‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻚ ِﰲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﱪ«‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﺄ َ ُﺎه َ ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ َ ْأو َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﺮح َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ«‪،‬‬ ‫اذﻫﺐ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫» َْ ْ‬ ‫اذﻫﺐ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه وﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(١١٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٦٧ /٤‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺠﻤﻮع أم ﻻ؟ وﺟﻬﺎن‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ ،‬وﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ِ » .(٦٠١٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﱠ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪاﻫﻴﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺘﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮاﺋﻖ«‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(١٥٤ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤٠ /٢‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪.(١١٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﺮح َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ َ‬ ‫ُﻮﻧﻪ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ا ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﱠِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﱪه‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﱪﻫﻢ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﻪ َ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎء ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎره‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ َﺗﺮى ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬

‫ﺗﻜﺮﻫﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ًْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪاد ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮد ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪َ» :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ؟« َ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن ِﰲ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ؛ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ َ :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﴩةِ ِﻧﺴﻮةٍ َأ ﴪ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻷن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأةِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ََْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرهِ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮن ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ؟« َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ َ :‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت َأ ﴪ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﴩةِ أَ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق اﻟﺮ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎره«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻷن َ ْ ِ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ووﺟﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﲠﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ أ ﱠﻪ ☺ ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫أن إﻳﺬاء اﳉﺎر‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ زﻧﺎه ﺑﺄﺧﺮى‬ ‫وأﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎك ﺣﺮﻣﺔ اﳉﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ أو اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺘﻪ أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫أو ﴎﻗﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ آﺧﺮ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ اﳉﺎر أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻋﺪ »أذﻳﺔ اﳉﺎر« ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳـﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥١٥٣‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٦٥/٤‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٥٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٨ /٦‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪.(١٠٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٧٥ ) ٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٣٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٤٢٢ /١‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫اﻷ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫إن ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻳﺔ ◙ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻟﺔ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻮﺿﻮن ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ا ﱠ ِ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َﺣ ﱟﻖ َ َ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮرك َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮة‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ َأﺻﺎﺑﻪ ِ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ ِ » :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ورب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ا َ َﺎل َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻘﻪ ُ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﴬة ُ ْ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َﻟﻴﺲ َﻟﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻮض ِﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ إِ ﱠﻻ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎءت ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎل ا ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ َﱢ ٍ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺮة ◙ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ وﺷﻮاﻫﺪه ﻋﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺮة! َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳊﻤﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫أوﱃ ِ ِﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪             -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫أﳞﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺒﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪s r q S :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ ِﺑﻪ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ِ َﺑﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫‪َ َ َ ، (٥١ :s) R | { z y xw v u t‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪N M S :‬‬ ‫‪.(١٧٢ :^) R T S R Q P O‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٣١١٨‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٣٧٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٦٤ /٦‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﲢﺮﻳﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫♫‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َﴚ ﰲ ا ِﺎء ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﺒﺲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﴫف ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ُ » .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳋﻮض‪ :‬اﳌ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رب ﻣﺘَ َﴫف ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻮض ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺨﻮض‪ َ :‬ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ا ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺿﺎه اﷲ‪ .‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﲈ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫َُ َ ﱢ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ«‪ :‬أي ُ ﱠ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﰲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫أﻣﻜﻦ‪» .‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(٨٨ /٢‬‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ َ‬ ‫ِﻛﻴﻒ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫رب!‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤـﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻏﱪ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ِ َإﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻴﻞ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫»ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺚ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﺬي ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮام‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَ ﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رب! َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﻠﺒﺴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﴩ ُﺑ ُﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﻄﻌﻤﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎب ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ؟«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻋﺪم َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ً‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪َ :‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪق ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺳﻢ ا ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ وﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎل أ ﱠﻪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪◙☺‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮاج‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻼم ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮج َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺟﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎء ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻼم‪َ :‬أ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﻞ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﴚء َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺪري َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َُُْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َْ ً َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻨ ُْﺖ ِ ِ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﰲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻋﺘﻪ‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻛﻠﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ َ ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َِ ََ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄ ِﺎﲏ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄدﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱢأﲏ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎء ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ أﻛﻞ اﳊﺮام ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠١٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٥٢١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٣٨٤٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪» ،(٢٦٩ /٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٦٠) ٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٥٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(١٩٣‬وﻫﺬه ﻣﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ ن‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪ .١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام ﻋﲆ أي ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ أي ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫♫‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎل ﻣﻦ أ َﻦ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ َﴐورة‪ٍ.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬أﻛﻞ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫رﺑﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ا ُﺎل‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫رﺷﻮة‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ً‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫أرض اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻏﺘﺼﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻌﻮن‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷرض ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ َ َ ٌ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡S :‬‬ ‫¬ ® ¯ ‪¾ ½ ¼ »º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ± °‬‬

‫¿ ‪.(١٦١ ،١٦٠ :`) RÀ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ ُ ‪ٌ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َأ َﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨ َُﻪ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع ُﺣﺮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِﰊ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﲑا َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﺮه«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ ً ْ ْ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻮﺿﻮن ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ا ﱠ ِ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫إن ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﰲ اﳋﱪ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫رﺟﺎﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ََُ ُ ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ▲‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﻜﻢ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﴩ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َأ َﺎ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َأ ْ ﺤﻦ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََْ ِ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫إﱄ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وأﻗﴤ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺘﻪ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﺼﻤﻮن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫أﻗﻄﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻊ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ ْ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫أﺟﲑا‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٢٢٢٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻪ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺟﺮة‬ ‫أﺟﺮﺗﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﲑ أو ﻣﻨ ُْﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻻَُﱢ َْ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٤٥٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧١٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ أ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﺎءه)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻳﻦ دﻳﻨًﺎ ﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﺮد ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال‬ ‫وذﻛﺮوا‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻔﻪ ا ﱠ ُ «)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫إﺗﻼﻓﻬﺎ َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ِ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أدى ا ﱠ ُ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أداءﻫﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ادان ْ‬ ‫وأ ﱡ َﲈ َ ُ ٍ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ِ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ َأداءه ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺮه ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻞ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ ُ ِ ُ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ؛ َ َ‬ ‫دﻳﻨًﺎ‪َ ،‬وا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺎرق«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ا ﱠَ َﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﺎه َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ« )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٧ /٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻇﻠﲈ ﻣﻦ أي ٍ‬ ‫)‪» ،(١٨٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٤٣٧‬وﻟﻔﻆ أﰊ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ﻣﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑه ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ُ :‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺒﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٦٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٤١٠ /١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎرﻗﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻰ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٣٨٧‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ِ َ (٤‬‬ ‫ﳾء‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٤١٠‬وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮع ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٣٣٢ /٤‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪ ،(٢٥٨ /١‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ َﻋﱠﺰ َوَﺟﱠﻞ‪¡  ~ } | { z y x w v u S :‬‬ ‫‪³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬

‫´ ‪.(٢٧٩ ،٢٧٨ :^) R¶ µ‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺬ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻵﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ِْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮب‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪.(١)«(٢٧٩:^) R« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ S :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪} | { z y x w v u S» :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ُ ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫~  ¡ ‪ْ َ َ ،(٢٧٩ ،٢٧٨ :^) R« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰع َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺘﻴﺒﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﲈ َ َ‬ ‫وإﻻ‬ ‫ْﺰع َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ ﱞ‬ ‫إﻣﺎم ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ َﻻ َﻳﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ً‬ ‫ُﻘﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﴐب ُﻋﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻟﺖ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﰲ َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻴﻘﻨﻮا‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻤﻮا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﻳﺔ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮب ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﻮﻧﻮا ﻋﲆ إذن َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ْ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪.(٢٩٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻣﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪.(٢٩١٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٣٦٤ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ِ ِ ِ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ‪َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮار ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ َِﺔ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪@ ? > = <; : 9 8 7 65 4 3 2 1 0 / .- ,‬‬ ‫‪S R Q P ON M L K J IH G F E D C B A‬‬

‫‪.(٢٧٦ ،٢٧٥ :^) R _ ^ ] \ [ Z YX W V U T‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫اﳍﻮل‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ ُ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮرﻫﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺜﻬﻢ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﻮرﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ R - , + * ) ( ' & % $ S :‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﲣﺒﻂ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﴫوع َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن ﻟﻪ؛ وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﴏﻋﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ إﻻ ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮرﻫﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ً‬ ‫أ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ)‪ :(٢‬وﻟﻴﺲ اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺰ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻤﺘﻬﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﲈ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺄﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻬﻢ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫اﳊﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻤﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺒﺤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫وﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨَﺎؤه‪¡  ~ } | { z y x w v u S :‬‬ ‫‪ R« ª © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨ ِْﺒﺊ ﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ َﻣﺎ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﰲ َ‬ ‫وأﻛﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫وأن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﲏ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺧﺬه‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وإﻋﻄﺎؤه‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺬي َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٧٠٨ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(٤٢ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُﺟﻨ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْﺪب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ َﻋ ْﻦ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ٍ ِ‬ ‫أرض َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ُ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﲏ‪ِ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻠﲔ أَ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ْ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠََْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳖﺮ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﺎﲏ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َأ َﻴْﻨَﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺎرة‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺮ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ِ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮده َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫أراد ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺮ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺮ ﰲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﻣﻰ ﱠ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﳜُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺮج َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺮج رﻣﻰ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ِ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺮ‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ْ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﺟﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ُﱠَ‬ ‫ﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺮ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫رأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮن ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻴﻔﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺎﻣﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺷﱰى َ ْ ً‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪا َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫رأ ْ ُﺖ َ ِأﰊ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫وﳖﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ ْ ُ ُﺘﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺛﻤﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﳖﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِِِ‬ ‫َ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﺷﻮﻣﺔ‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وآﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪ِ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ ☺‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪َ ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ِ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻪ؟ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺆﻛﻠﻪ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻨَﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺪث ِ َﺑﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ُ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ُْ َُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪َ َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ َ َ َ » :(٥‬‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻻ )‪.(٧٠٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٨٥‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٠٨٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٥٢ /١‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٣٣٣‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٢٠٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﲈك ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮب‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪ .‬وﰲ ﺳﲈع ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻣﻦ أ ﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٠٧ /١‬ﻋﻦ اﳊﺎرث اﻷﻋﻮر‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﲇ‪ .‬واﳊﺎرث ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٥٩٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٢٣٨ ،٥٩٦٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َﺟﺎﺑٍِﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺆﻛﻠﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫آﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻪ«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺑﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫درﻫﻢ ِ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ﱠٍ‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﲔ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫زﻧﻴﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ َ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫وﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫أن أﻛﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع؛ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل)‪ْ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ واﻟﻨﻮوي ‪‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ِﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ِﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ وﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٤‬أﲨ ََﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻋﲆ ﲢﺮﻳ ِﻢ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪:‬‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﱢ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٥٩٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺎرة‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢٥ /٥‬وﻏﲑه‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺷﺎذ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻌﺐ اﻷﺣﺒﺎر‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺢ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ اﳌﻮﻗﻮف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٨٤٤‬واﻟﻌﻘﻴﲇ )‪(٢٣٢ /٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب‪ ،‬وﺗﺸﺪد اﺑﻦ اﳉﻮزي ﻓﺄورده ﰲ »اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت« )‪ ،(٢٤٥ /٢‬وﱂ َأره ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻊ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪.(٣٦٤ /٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٤٣) ١‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﳌﺠﻤﻮع« )‪ .(٣٩١ /٩‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬‬ ‫)‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢١٥ ،١٥٠‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٧ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪، (٣٦٧ /١‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي واﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أﻛﻞ‬ ‫»ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜ ﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤١١ ،١٤٨‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ﱢ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ﱢ َ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎء ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وإﻋﻄﺎؤه‪،‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬وإ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ أ َ‬ ‫ﺎح ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ :‬رﺑﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰲ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻞ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﱠﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اد ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﱰي َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻞ وﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﲑ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫زاد ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻣﻊ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﱡﻘﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫رﺑﺎ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱡﻘﻮد أو ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎع ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺎﻋﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺢ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺠﻨﻴﻬﲔ أو َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺴﻮط ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻮاﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺟﻌﻬﺎ إن أردت َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ وأ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪NM L K J I HG F E D CB A @ S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢ :`) R R Q P O‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ♫)‪ُ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻧﺺ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ RR S :‬ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﳊﻮب‪ُ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫اﳌ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪.«..‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ‪َ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪_^ ] \ [ Z Y X W V U T S :‬‬

‫` ‪.(١٠ :`) R a‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ف؛‬ ‫اﻟﺘﴫ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌ ُ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮازي ♫)‪ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫اد ﺑﻪ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﲈ َﳛﺮم ﻓﻜﺬا ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﴫﻓﺎت ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮاﱄ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ إﲨ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ا‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ً‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﺤﺮر اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪.(٦ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪.(١٦٣ ،١٣٨ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر« )‪.(٣٤٠ /٢٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﳉﺪ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎا ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ً‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ وإ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ♫)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﲑه وﻟﻮ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻬﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮق َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ َ ﺎ ُ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪.(١٩٩ /١٨ ،٤٥٧ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤١٩ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª © ¨ § ¦ S :‬‬ ‫´‪R Å Ä Ã ÂÁÀ ¿¾½¼ »º¹¸¶µ‬‬

‫)‪.(٦-١ :Ò‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮادي اﻟﺬي ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ُ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺒﺨﺴﻮﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻔﻔﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻮن اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ُ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫وزﻧﻮا ﳍﻢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣﻮازﻳﻨﻬﻢ إذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻳﻴﻠﻬﻢ إذا َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪R ¯ ® ¬ « ª © S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮن ﻷ ِ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪َ ْ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻔﺴﻬﻢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬وإذا ﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻓﻴﺎ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫وزﻧﻮا‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪R µ ´ ³ ² ± S :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻮا ﻟﻠﻨﱠﺎس أو َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﺼﻮﳖﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ُﻳﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ؛‬ ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب‪َ .‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﺒ ٌﻞ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻮال ُ َ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر)‪ ،(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ♠‪FE D C B S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪V U T S R Q PO N M L K J I H G‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(١٨٧ ،١٨٥ /٢٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﻮال وﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ »ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي« )‪.(١٦٤ ،١٦٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪a`_^]\ [ ZYXW‬‬

‫‪.(٨٥ :c) R j i h g f e dc b‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ♠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻣﻪ أ ًﻀﺎ‪Ý Ü Û Ú Ù Ø × ÖS :‬‬ ‫‪R é è çæ åä ã âá à ßÞ‬‬

‫)‪.(١٨٣-١٨١ :v‬‬ ‫‪           -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻮذ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﻦ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ِ َ‬ ‫ا ﱠ ِ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﺑﺘﻠﻴﺘﻢ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ! َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﲔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻛﻮﻫﻦ‪َ َ .. :‬‬ ‫واﳌﻴﺰان ِإﻻﱠ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻴﺎل َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻘﺼﻮا ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻧِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺷﺪة ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا ِ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُِْ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻮر ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬وذﻟﻚ َﴐب ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ا َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﴏ ُﺣﻮا ِﺑﻪ وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺪ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬وﳍﺬا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫اﻟﴚء‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻔﻔﺎ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ إﻻ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻤـﺎ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وأ ًﻀﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم اﻷ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ َﴐب ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺒﺎء ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﱠِ َ‬ ‫واﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﳌﺮوءة ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٤٩) ١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٠٧ /١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪.(١٦٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻔﻒ ﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫واﳌﻴﺰان‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺬي ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وراﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أوﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ‪ ،‬وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬وﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ا َ ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﻣﺴﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ ،‬وﺳﺎدﺳﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬه ﺳﺘﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ـﺄل اﷲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﲪ ََﻞ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴْﻨَﺎ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄدﺧﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﱪة َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎم َ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻼ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َﻳﺎ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُُِ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺶ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮاه اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﻼ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ ِ :(٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﴫﻳﺔ؛ وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒ ِﻦ إﳞﺎﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺐ ذات ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺖ اﷲ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﺿﺔ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ رأ ُﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺬي ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﻨُﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ َ ﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﺶ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ِ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ِ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠١‬‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٠٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ أ ﺎدي ♫‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻊ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪» .‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪.(٢٣١ /٩‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٩٣ /١‬‬ ‫واﺛﻠﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻘﻊ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺒﺎ َﱂ ْ ُ َﻳﺒﻴﱢﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ِﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﱂ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺰل ا ْﳌ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﻨ ُُﻪ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٢٤٧‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﲑ«‬ ‫َﻼﺋﻜﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺖ ا ﱠ ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٥٧ /٢٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ُ ﱠ َ ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ُأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎس ُ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْﺑﻴﻨ َُﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ♫ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ! ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َأ َﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َِ َِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷرض ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﱪ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ادﻋﺖ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أروى ﺑِﻨ َْﺖ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫أوﻳﺲ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أرﺿﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪َ :‬أ َﺎ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أرﺿﻬﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺬ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻣﺎ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺؟ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ‬ ‫☺؟ َ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺿﲔ«‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‪َ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َأر ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻷرض ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫أﺳﺄ ُ َﻚ َ ﱢﺑﻴﻨ ًَﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ َﻓﻌﻢ ﺑﴫﻫﺎ‪ِ ْ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫إن َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أرﺿﻬﺎ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ َ ً َ ﱢ َ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻗﻌﺖ ِﰲ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈﺗﺖ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮة َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أرﺿﻬﺎ‪ْ ِ ،‬إذ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ْﲤﴚ ﰲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ْﺑﻴﻨَﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺑﴫﻫﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫اﻷرض َ ْ ً‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱢِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﺄْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺬ َ َ ٌ ْ ً‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ اﷲ ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْ َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ َ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷرض ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٤٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦١٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ ﺑﺪون اﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٦١٠‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪(٢٤٥٢‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٤٥٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦١١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻷرض ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َﳾء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺐ‪ ،‬أو ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َ‬ ‫َ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻳﻌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫أي ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن أو ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ِ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﱰك ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬أو ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺼﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪.(٤٢٧ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٥٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﺘﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ا ﺑﻴﻨَﻪ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪةٍ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪ َﻫﺎ َ ﱠ َ ﱠ ُ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪةِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫َوﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷخ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺧﻴﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ََ َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ أو ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﳍﺒﺔ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺤ ِﻮ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳌﻨﺎوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ َ‬ ‫ﺑﴩط ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ وأﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮغ ﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ‬ ‫وﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٤‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُﱠِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٥٦٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٥٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﲠﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ واﻟﺪة ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮد إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٢٥٠‬واﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪ ،(٣٠٤٦‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪.(٢١٧ /٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ )‪ .(١٨٧ /٦‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺬر ﰲ »اﻷوﺳﻂ« )‪َ :(٢٤٩ /١١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﲔ وﱂ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻟﺪ ٌ‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﱂْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻦ ﻋﻦ ُ ﱢأﻣﻪ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ُ ﱢأﻣﻪ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٩٠ /١‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﺑﻔﺮض أ ﱠﻪ ﱂ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وأﺣﺒﺘﻪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫اﻷول ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ُ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ ُ ‪ٌ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َأ َﺎ َﺧ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨ َُﻪ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع ُﺣﺮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِﰊ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﲑا َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﺮه«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ ً ْ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُﻳﻘ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫»َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َأ َﻰ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ َ َ ً‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ا ﱠ ُ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﺑﺎر‪ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﺗﻪ ـ ـ َ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺮره«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺪ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْﻳﺄ َ َ‬ ‫دﺑﺎرا ـ ـ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٢٢٢٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ :(٤١٨ /٤‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب )ص‪.(٣ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻛﻔﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﺛﻤﻪ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻠﺐ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻘﺼﻮد‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬل اﻟﺬي أ َ َ‬ ‫ﺰﻣﻪ ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻘﺬه اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع ُﺣﺮا ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﻨ ََﻌﻪ ﱠ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ أ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎح اﷲ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وأ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﴫف َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ إﻻ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﱃ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥٩٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٩٧٠‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد اﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ وﻋﻤﺮان ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻌﺎﻓﺮي ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن‪ .‬ﰲ ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد )‪ٌ ُ َ َ » :(٢١٣ /٢‬‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎد ا ُ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ُ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﳏﺮرة«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳌﺤﺮر‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪا أو‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺔ ً‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺪ ُ َ ﱠ َ ً‬ ‫ْ ََ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﲣﺬ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬أن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻢ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬أي‪َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻘﻪ‪ ،‬أو ُﻳﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮه‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِْ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٨٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٣٥ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻠﻪ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﻗﻴﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٠٦‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹶﺎﺡ‪: ‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٤٥‬ﻫﺠﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة َ‬ ‫إﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺮاﳖﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاش زوﺟﻬﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﰲ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺑﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ْ ُ -(٤٦‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻠﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ َ ُ -(٤٧‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٤٨‬إﻓﺸﺎء ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﲈع‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﲔ ﻣﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ َ‬ ‫إﺣﺪى ّ‬ ‫)‪ُ ِ -(٤٩‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى ْ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪   -١‬‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ْ ََﺘﻬﺎ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎت َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺖ ََ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺷﻪ َﻓﺄَ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إذا َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ْ ََﺘﻬﺎ ْ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺟﺮة ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاش َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳍﲈ‪َ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄْ ﻰ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫☺‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺷﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺮﴇ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻄﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠاﻟﺬي ﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪         ☺   -٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أرﻳﺖ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻔﺮن ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬أ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮن«‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء؛ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪ْ َ ،‬ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺮن ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ؟ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮن َ َ‬ ‫رأ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﲑا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻂ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رأت ِﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻨ َْﺖ ِ َإﱃ ِ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫إﺣﺪاﻫ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻦ ﱠ َْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺴﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠَ ﱡ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٢٣٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٤٣٦‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٧ /١٠‬ﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺷﻪ ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰول‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ .‬وﻣﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨ ََﺔ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ْ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﻬﺎ أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ورﺟﻮﻋﻬﺎ إﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاش‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻠﻮع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٨٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» (٦٦ /٢‬ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة« ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺒﻲ )‪.(٤٦٥ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ُ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﺼﲔ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻦ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺔ َ ُﻟﻪ َأ َﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫زوج َأ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أذات َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺖ؟« َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮﻏﺖ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ َﳍﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮي َأ ﻦ َأ ْ ِ‬ ‫»َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰت َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮه ِ ﱠإﻻ َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؟« َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ آ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ َأ ْﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺘﻚ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺎرك«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َﺟﻨ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َِﱠَ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ّرﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪َ ،‬أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻻ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةٍ ﻻ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻨﻲ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫»َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َﺑﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺑﻖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺖ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﲡﺎوز َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎم َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ََْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻂ‪ُ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﺖ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫إﻏﻀﺎب‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا إذا َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٤١ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺼﲔ ﺑﻦ ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱂ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜ ُﺮ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻻ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﺪوﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻮا ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫أ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪.(٤١٩ /١٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻮﻗﻮف أﺻﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،((٩٠٨٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٩٠ /٢‬واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(٩٠٨٨‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٧٤ /٤‬وﻫﻜﺬا رﺟﺢ أ ﻮ ﻋﲇ اﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮري‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻂ« ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل اﳌﻨﺎوي ♫ ﰲ »ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ » :(٣٢٣ /٣‬‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮء ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﳐﺮج ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫أدب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﻮز‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا أ ًﻀﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر )‪.(٢١١ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ واﷲ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﻣﺘِﻨ ِ‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺷﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ْ ﱟ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﴍة‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ََﻊ‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻘﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮت‬ ‫ﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ َأ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ)‪ ،(١‬وﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻌﺖ َ‬ ‫وارﺗﻜﺒﺖ ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫َأ َﻢ وأ َﻰ ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﲠﺎ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﺘﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮت‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺷﻪ وﻣﻨ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة أ ًﻀﺎ؛ وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﴍﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ْﺖ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺮوﻓﻪ‬ ‫إﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وأﺳﺄت ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﱠﻮوي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﳌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﻣﻨْﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج ﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻨ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ْﺑﻦ ﺳﻨَﺎن ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻘﺔ‪» .‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٦١ /٢‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺮﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫☺‪» :‬أَ ﱡ َﲈ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ َ ً‬ ‫أﺻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺪق ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻞ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أداءه ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺪاﻗﺎ َوا ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫زان‪ .«..‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ، (٣٣٢ /٤‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﺎه َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ اﷲَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪َ ،(٢٤١٠‬ﻋﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻷ ﺼﺎري ـ ـ وﻫﻮ ﳎﻬﻮل ـ ـ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ رﺟﻞ ـ ـ وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻬﻴﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ـ ـ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٣٩) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪ ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(١٦٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪،(٧٢ ،٦١ /٢‬‬ ‫»ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٤٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(١٧٩‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﺤﺎس واﺑﻦ ُ ٍ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫َﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ :‬اﻣﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ِ:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان‬ ‫ﱠﻮوي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج ﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق زوﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﳌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮز اﳌﺮأة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ُُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‪:‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻘﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ْ ﱟ‬ ‫إﻏﻀﺎب ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﰲ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫َأ َﻰ َ ُ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺑﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أو ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ْ‬ ‫‪  ◙ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮى«‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﱡ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ ﰲ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻴﺔ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﺈﲨﺎع اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ إﺗﻴﺎن اﳌﺮأة ﰲ دﺑﺮﻫﺎ أﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮاط‪ ،‬واﻟﻠﻮا ط‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ◙ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﺎوس ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﺋﻠﻨﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﰲ ُُِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ُ َ َ » :‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ٌ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ َﻰ ْاﻣ َﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ ﰲ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻷﺻﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﳌﻮﻗﻮف‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ (١١٦٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(٨٩٥٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أﺻﺢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ .(٤٢٠٣‬وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪(٨٩٥٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻷﺻﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﳌﻮﻗﻮف‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٨٢ /٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ .(٨٩٤٧‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺻﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪،(٢٥٢ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ )‪ ،(٢٠٩٥٣‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪.(٨٩٥٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢١٦٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى « )‪ ،(٨٩٦٤‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪.(١٩٢٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎل‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﺄﰐ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﰲ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫أو َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﲈ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َﺣ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ﰲ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫أو َﻛﺎﻫﻨًﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ْ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻀﺎ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُأ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺰل َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ!‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮد َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﺖ َر ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﲇ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻚ؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻜﺖ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ َ ْ َ َ :‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪µ ´ ³ ² S :‬‬ ‫ا ﱠ ☺ َ ًْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄوﺣﻲ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫وأدﺑﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺑﺮ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫¶ ¸ ‪ْ ِ ْ َ (٢٢٣ :^) R ¹‬‬ ‫واﳊﻴﻀﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﺗﻖ ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٩٠٤‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٣٥‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪.(٦٣٩‬‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﲤﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﲈع ﻓﻴﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪ .(١٧ /٣‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف ﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ أ ًﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،(٨٩٦٩‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٩٨٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٢٩٧ /١‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺣﻮﻟﺖ رﺟﲇ اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ«‪َ :‬ﻛﻨَﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻴﺎﳖﺎ ِﰲ ُﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أراد ِﺑﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٨١) ٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٧‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٤٨‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٦ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٠٤‬ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮاط‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاط‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﰲ ُ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ َﺎ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫وأن اﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ أ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وأﺷﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ اﻟـ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َواﻟـ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻞ َ ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َرﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ْ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻠﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ْﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ◙‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺲ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ َ » :‬أﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُْ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ ْاﻟـ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْاﻟـ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬ﺑﲆ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎر؟« َ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫واﻟـ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﱃ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ♫‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ٍ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ َ ُﻪ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺰوﺟﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆاﻣﺮة ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ؛ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أخ َ ُﻟﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ َ ُﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﻞ ِ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻜﺎح َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻸول؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫رﻏﺒﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺎﺣﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ً‬ ‫ﻻ‪ُ َ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١١٢٠‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(٣٤١٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٢٣ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٢٣ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٩٣٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٩٨ /٢‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﴩح ﺑﻦ َﻫﺎﻋﺎن‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‪ .‬وﰲ اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪ :(٦٥٦‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﻜﲑ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱂ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺮوى ﻋﻨﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﴩح ﺑﻦ َﻫﺎﻋﺎن ً‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﴩح‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٩٩ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬واﻟﺴﻔﺎح ﻫﻮ‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻮر‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب )‪.(٤٨٥ /٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ◙ -٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﻠﻞ َوﻻَ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أوﰐ ِ ُ َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻞ َ ُﻟﻪ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻻَ َ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﻤـﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِﱠإﻻ َ َ‬ ‫رﲨ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻋﺪ ﻧﻜﺎح اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪.(٢) ،‬‬ ‫اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﳏﺾ ﺑﻼ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ً‬ ‫زﻧﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻷن ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺰاﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻫﻮ‪ٌ :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ أن ُﳛ ﱠﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺰوج‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ َ ُ .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺰوﺟﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ ُ ِ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج‬ ‫واﻟﺰوﺟﺔ اﻟﻠﺬان َ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻠﻞ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ َ ُ .‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼق ً‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮن‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻟﻪ )اﳌﺮأة واﻟﺮﺟﻞ(‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻠﻞ وﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺎه أو َ َﻧﻮاه ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﺷﱰط ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ إذا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰط ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼق ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ إذا َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛﺮم‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء؛ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ُ ُ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(١٩٠ /١٤‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق )‪.(١٠٧٧٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬زاد اﳌﻌﺎد« )‪» ،(٥٩١ ،١٠٠ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦٣‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٧‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٧٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٣ /٢‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪ .(٤٣٨ /٤‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺮأة ْ َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻼل ْ َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ َ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ْ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫وﻃﻮاﻋﻴﺔ ا ْﳌ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ُ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج ْ ُ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ورﺿﺎ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻠﻞ َ ُﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬واﻧﻈﺮ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻨﺎ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺟﺎﻣﻊ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻨﺴﺎء«‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺜﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪.(١٤٩-١٣٧ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﴍ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﴤ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﺔ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﴤ ِ َإﱃ اﻣﺮأ َ ِ ِﻪ‪ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﱠ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ َﻣﻨ ِ َ ً َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﴎﻫﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْﴩ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ ِ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ َ ِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﱠ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﴤ ِ َإﱃ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﴤ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ُِْ‬ ‫ﴎﻫﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْﴩ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻓﺸﺎء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٤٣٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٨ /١٠‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ اﻣﺮأ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ذﻟﻚ وﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺮي ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮأة ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل أو‬ ‫ووﺻﻒ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع‬ ‫أﻣﻮر‬ ‫ﳚﺮي ﺑﻴﻨَﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳉﲈع ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮوءة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻜﺮوه؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة وﻻ إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱂ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﻓﺸﺎء‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٦ ،٤٥ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(١٠٩‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﳉﲈع‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﻔﻰ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴎه؛ ﺑﺄن ُ َ‬ ‫ﴎ زوﺟﺘﻪ وﻫﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻳﺬاء اﳌَﺤ ِﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺘﻚ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﻴﺒﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ؛ َﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﺖ اﻟﻌﻘﻼء ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺒﺢ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﱰه‪ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴎ‬ ‫ﻧﴩه‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﺤﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻓﺸﺎء أﺣﺪ اﻟﺰوﺟﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻓﺸﺎء ﱢ ّ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َﻟﻪ اﻣﺮأ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈل ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﻘﻪ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ ْ َ َُ َ َ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪L K JI H G F E D C B S :‬‬ ‫‪R Y X W V U T S R QP O N M‬‬

‫)`‪.(١٢٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻪ اﻟﺰوج ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء ﻫﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل اﻟﺬي ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺪل‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺴﻢ َ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﲈع)‪ ،(٢‬وﻗﺪ روي ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫أﻣﻮر‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻛﺎن َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ«)‪ ،(٣‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫أﻣﻠﻚ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫» ﱠُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻤﻨﻲ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻲ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وأﻋﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢١٣٣‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١١٤١‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺘﻔﺮد ﳘﺎم‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫)‪ ،(٣٩٤٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٩٦٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٩٥ /٢‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺢ إﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺴﻨﺪي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل ﻗﺘﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن َأﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺮاﺟﺢ وزﻧﺎ َﻛﲈ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َأي َﳚِﻲء َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ّﻈﺮ ِ َإﱃ ا ْﳌ َْﺮأ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑﻞ َ َ‬ ‫إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(٦٣ /٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(٥٦٦ /٧‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ )‪.(٤٣٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ، (٢١٣٤‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١١٤٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٣٩٤٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٩٧١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٤٤ /٦‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل ﺑﲔ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﺪم ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٦٠ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(٥٢‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪواﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫إﺣﺪى ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪‬ﺔﹸ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ - (٥٠‬‬ ‫وﺻﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (٥١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﻤﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٥٢‬اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻠﺞ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٥٣‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﱪج‬ ‫وإﺑﺪاؤﻫﺎ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ - (٥٤‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء‪.‬‬ ‫إﺳﺒﺎل‬ ‫اﻹزار ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل َ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ ُ ْ ُ - (٥٦‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﺗﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ًﺔ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ ُ - (٥٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ِ ََ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺷﲈت َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺎت‪ َ َ ،‬ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ«‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﲑات َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﱄ ﻻَ َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻔﻠﺠﺎت ْ ُ ْ ِ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ا ﱠ ِ‪(٧ :º) R s r q p S :‬؟)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﻣﻦ ِﺑﻨﻲ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﺳﺪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ َ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎءت‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﻮب‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ َﳍﺎ ُ ﱡأم َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ َ َ ً ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﻴﺖ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺖ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َْﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ِﱄ َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻨﻲ َﻋﻨ َْﻚ َأ ﱠ َﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﱠ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮأت َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺎب ا ﱠ ؟ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِﰲ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﺪﺗﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ :‬ﻟﺌﻦ ُﻛﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﺪت ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأت ‪p S :‬‬ ‫ْﺖ َ َﻗﺮأْ ِ ِﻴﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ََ :‬ﺑﲆ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫‪( ٧ : º ) R w v u t s r q‬؟ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﳖﻰ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻓﺎذﻫﺒﻲ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ َأرى َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻫﺒﺖ َﻓﻨ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮي‪ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ ِ َ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻈﺮت‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َﺗﺮ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ َ » :(٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٣٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٩٣١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٨٨٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٤٨٨٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪َ َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َﻗَﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ ِﰲ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ«‪ِ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺜﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُْ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‪ُ َ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺖ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻣﺼﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮاﺷﻤﺔ‪ِ ُ ِ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺔ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫داء«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫واﻟ َ َ ُ َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮن ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻴﻔﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ َِ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮرﻳﻦ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﳖﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﺴﺐ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻦ َ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫وآﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪j S :‬‬ ‫إﺑﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺷﻢ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫‪y xw v u t s r q p o n m l k‬‬ ‫‪¥¤£ ¢¡~}|{ z‬‬ ‫¦ § ¨ © ‪´ ³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ «ª‬‬

‫‪.(١١٩-١١٧ :`) R¸ ¶ µ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺷﻢ ﰲ أﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ً‬ ‫وﻋﺮف اﻟﻌﻠﲈء اﻟﻮﺷﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻌﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﳛ َﺸﻰ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻠﺪ ﺑﺈﺑﺮةٍ أو ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﻢ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫☺ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺤﻞ أو‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺮز‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٣٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢١٢٤‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ :(٣٧٢ /١٠‬ذ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُﳚ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫دواﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪا‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺒﻮب‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺎﻃﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ُ َْ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٥١ /١‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪.(٤١٧٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٩٦٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٣٩٢ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢١) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٩٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٣٤ /١‬ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻼم )‪ .(٢١٢ /٢‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻴﻞ أو اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﺷﻤﺔ‪ُ َ ِ َ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﳜﴬ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺆور‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰرق أ ُﺮه أو َ ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻒ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﰲ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ)‪ُ .(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﱢ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮن ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ إذا ُ ِ‬ ‫وﳛ َﺸﻰ اﳌﻮﺿﻊ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺎء)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺮة‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳉﺴﻢ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺮام ﻋﲆ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﳌﻔﻌﻮل ﲠﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺖ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻠﺔ ﻓﺘﺄ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺖ وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗﺄ ُﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻫﻮ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل واﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎء‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؛ وﻫﺬا َ ﱞ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻻﻫﺘﲈﻣﻬﺎ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺷﻤﺔ ُ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺘﺎن‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﺘﺎﳘﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ اﳌﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎء اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺖ ﱢ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺤﺬر ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺒﺐ أﴐا ًرا‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ ّ ّ‬ ‫وأﻣﺮاﺿﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك‬ ‫رﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫أرﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻌﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻋﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻨًﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ أ َ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز إذا َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ اﳌﺮأة ﱡ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺎد ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﳖﺞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٦٣٩ /١٢‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ واﻷ ﺮ« )‪.(١٨٩ /٥‬‬ ‫رﺳﲈ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﺎء وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﳎﺮد ﺻﺒﻐﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﻮ وﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳍﺎ أ ﺮ أو ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺷﻢ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻷﺻﺒﺎغ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻛﺎﳌﻜﻴﺎج وﻧﺤﻮه‪ ،‬وإن ﺳﲈه‬ ‫وﺷﲈ ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب اﳌﺠﺎز‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٠٦ /١٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮي ا ﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻔﺮاوي ا ﺎﻟﻜﻲ ♫ ﰲ »اﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ اﻟﺪواﲏ«‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﴏح اﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺎس ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ :(٣١٤ /٢‬ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز أن ﺗﺘﺰﻳﻦ اﳌﺮأة ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺷﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ِ ﱠﳑﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﺮاوي ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ وأﺳﲈء ¶‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺿﺢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﲇ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻓﻘﻮﳍﲈ ُ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرض ﺑﻨ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﻬﲈ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﺺ َ ﱟ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠ َﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أن ِ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫وأﳖﺎ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺼﺎر َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄرادوا َ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻤﻌﻂ َﺷ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺮﻫﺎ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ ُ ﻮا اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ََ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﴬورة‬ ‫ﳑﻨﻮع‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮوس‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأﺳﻤـﺎء ﺑِﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْﺖ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ▲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُْ َْ ِ ََ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ِ :‬إﲏ َأ ْ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ ْ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺖ ْاﺑﻨَﺘﻲ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫وزوﺟﻬﺎ َ ِ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺜﻨﻲ ِﲠَﺎ‪ُ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻮى‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺐ‬ ‫رأﺳﻬﺎ؟ » َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻓﺄﺻﻞ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻤﺮق َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﲠﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رأﺳﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻦ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‪ُ َ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺖ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٣٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ َ َ » .(٢١٢٣‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲤﻌﻂ«‪ :‬ﲤﺰق وﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٥٢ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٣٥ ،٥٩٣٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ََ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫رووا ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺆﻻء‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ╚ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ؛ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ أن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ َ،‬وﻗﺪ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺔ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮف ♫‪َ :‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ ِﻦ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُﲪ َْﻴﺪ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﺣﺞ وﻫﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎول ُ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﳼ‪َ :‬أ ْ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ ْ‬ ‫وﺗﻨ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﳌﻨ َ ِْﱪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ َﺑﻴﺪ َ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ﻳﻨْﻬﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‪َ ،‬و َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻜﺖ َﺑﻨُﻮ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈؤﻛﻢ؟ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ ﱠ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎؤﻫﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫اﲣﺬ َﻫﺬه َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫إْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪ ِ َ » ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ُ َأرى َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫أن َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﺎل ِﰲ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﲈه ﱡ َ َ ْ‬ ‫☺ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ«‪.‬‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب َﺑﻨُﻮ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ َُ‬ ‫زور‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٨٨ ،٥٩٣٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٦٥٢ /٦‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٣٩٣ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢١) ١‬إﻋﻼم‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٩٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٣٤ /١‬ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻼم«‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ووﺻﻞ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ‫)‪.(٢١٢ /٢‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪» ،(١٩٢ /٥‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس« )‪.(٧٩ /٣١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ـ ـ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ أو‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ـ ـ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻌﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫آدﻣﻲ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻳﻜﺎد ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺘﺎن‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮف أو‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﳚﻮز وﺻﻞ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺷﻌﺮ اﻵدﻣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻨﺔ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﳍﻢ ﺳﻨ ًَﺪا‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ََ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮده‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺻﻠﺔ« وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ ْ َ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮأﺳﻬﺎ َﺷﻴًْﺌﺎ«‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬وإﻧﲈ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻨﺎف‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪» ،(٦٨ /١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪/١٤‬‬ ‫‪» ،(١٠٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٣٧٥ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺷﲈت َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺎت‪ َ َ ،‬ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﻐﲑات َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻔﻠﺠﺎت ْ ُ ْ ِ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﺔ‪ُ َ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َِﺖ ْاﻟ َﻮ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻣﺼﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .(٢)‬واﻟﻨﱠﺎﻣﺼﺔ واﳌﺘﻨﻤﺼﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺘﺎن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ودﻗﺘﻪ ورﻗﺘﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﻟﻨﻤﺺ ﰲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ)‪ ،(٣‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻣﺼﺔ ِﻫﻲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻨ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻞ ﱠ ْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻤﺺ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺘﻒ؛ واﻟﻨ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﲠﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ اﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﻒ ﻫﺬا؛ ﻓﻘﺎل ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﻒ ﺷﻌﺮ اﳊﺎﺟﺒﲔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﲑ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﰲ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﲨﻬﻮر أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺺ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ☺‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﺺ؛ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺎج ذﻟﻚ أن ﻧﺮﺟﻊ إﱃ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﻖ ﲠﺎ ☺‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻈﺮت ﻓﺈذا أﻗﻮال أﻫﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﺺ ﺗﺪور ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﺘﻒ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢١٢٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٣٩٣ ،٣٩٢ /٥‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨ ِْﻤﻴﺺ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ْﻤﻴﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺺ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٩٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٣٤ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬واﻟﻨ ْﱠﻤ ُ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ »ﻣﻠﻘﺎط«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻼزم؛ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺨﻴﻂ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺘﻒ ﺑﲈ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ اﳌﺴﺄ ﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﻒ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ أزال ﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ أو اﳊﺎﺟﺐ ـ ـ ﻋﲆ اﳋﻼف اﻵﰐ ـ ـ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺺ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫داﺧﻼ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻟﻜﺎن‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﺪه اﳉﻮﻫﺮي ﺑﺸﻌﺮ اﳉﺒﲔ‪ ،‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﺪه ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺺ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ َ‬ ‫وﲨﻬﻮر أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﺺ‪ .‬وﳚﻮز إذا ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻟﴬورة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺘﺎد)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﺑﻘﺪرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬أو ﻛﺎن‬ ‫زاﺋﺪا ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﳏﺮم إذا ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﺘﺰﻳﻦ ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬أو ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻤﺺ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺪع ﺧﻄﻴﺒﻬﺎ وﺗﻐﺸﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺪون إذن اﻟﺰوج‪ ،‬وﻻ رﻳﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ذي ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﴫه اﷲ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﺠﻮج ﺑﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮدود ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮوح‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫☺‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(١٠٢ /٧‬اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٦٣٣‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪ ،(١١٩ /٥‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٣٧٧ /١٠‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي )‪» ،(١٠٦ /١٤‬أﺣﻜﺎم زﻳﻨﻪ وﺟﻪ اﳌﺮأة«‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﺎء ﻋﲈد اﻟﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(٧٠-٦٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﺘﻮﺷﲈت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺷﲈت‪َ ْ ْ ُ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻤﺼﺎت‪ َ َ ،‬ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻐﲑات َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘَﻨ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﻔﻠﺠﺎت ْ ُ ْ ِ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن؛ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻨﺎﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﱪد ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺠﺎت‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ واﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎت وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﱠ َ ﱡ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﱡ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎرا ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻐﺮ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻮز وﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﺟﺔ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﱪت‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻔﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺣﺸﺖ ﻓﺘﱪدﻫﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺔ اﳌﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﱪد‬ ‫ِﺳﻨ َﱡﻬﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ َ ْ ُْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻫﻢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻷ ﱠﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫واﳌﻔﻌﻮل ﲠﺎ ﳍﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﺎ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻔﻠﺠﺎت ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ُ ْ » :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻦ ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ«‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻌﻨَﺎه‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻠﺐ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺷﺎرة إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼج أو‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺎﺟﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫اﳊﺮام ﻫﻮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﰲ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪» ،(٣٩٣ ،٣٩٢ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢١) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪،(٥٧٠ /٦‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻴﺸﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﴍ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٣٠٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٣٤ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﴍ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﻠﻴﺞ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٠٦ /١٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َ ْﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪» :‬ﺻﻨ َْﻔﺎن ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄذﻧﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎط َ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ َ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺎت َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺎء َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ٌ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أرﳘﺎ‪ٌ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻮن ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺖ ا ْ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﻨﻤﺔ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َﳚِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﺪن‬ ‫ﳑﻴﻼت َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ءوﺳﻬﻦ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻼت‪ُ ،‬ر ُ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﺟﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ َ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ َ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ََ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻫﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎب َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأة َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪.«..‬‬ ‫َََﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﱪﺟﺖ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢١٢٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﻫﺬان ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺎن وﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١١٠ /١٤‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺠﺰات اﻟﻨ ُ ﱠﱡﺒﻮة ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﻔﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ذم‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدان‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻳﺎت ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ إﻇﻬﺎرا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﳖﺎ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺸﻒ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﱰ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎ ً‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﳖﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫رﻗﻴﻘﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻦ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻼت؛ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ وﻣﺎ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻣﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﻦ‬ ‫»ُِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﻼت«‪ :‬أي‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺘﺎﻓﻬﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﺨﱰات ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺸﲔ ُ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺋﻼت ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﻼت َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻄﺔ ا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺸﻄﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻄﺔ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻄﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﺎﻳﺎ‪ٌ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﻼت ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻼت ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺸﻄﻦ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﻨﻤﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲈﻣﺔ أو ﻋﺼﺎ ٍﺑﺔ أو ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺖ«‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻒ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻈﻤﻨَﻬﺎ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫رؤوﺳﻬﻦ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ‪ ُ ُ ُ ُ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﱪﳖﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱢ ْ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪    ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫إذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻄﺮت ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ْ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ َ َ‬ ‫زاﻧﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم ِ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺠﺪوا ِ َ َ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ُ ِ‬ ‫» ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺷﺒﺎهِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﻮن َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻮن َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﴎوج‪ َ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﰲ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﻨﻤﺔ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫رءوﺳﻬﻢ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮاب ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻳﺎت‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺎت َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎؤﻫﻢ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ْ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وراءﻛﻢ ُ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳋﺪﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻦ َ ْ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﺎت‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُﻮﻫﻦ َ ِ ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﺎف‪َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ َ َ ُ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜ ِﺪﻣﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎء ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َﻜﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎؤﻛﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎءﻫﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﺖ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻊ ِﺛﻴﺎﲠﺎ ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻜﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﺑﻴْﻨ ََﻬﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ َ ََ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪َ :(٤‬وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺮأة‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺐ واﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻨﱪ ّ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻴﺐ ِإذا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻚ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱢﻘﺎب‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤١٧٣‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٧٨٦‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥١٢٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪،(٤١٨ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲈرة‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُﻏﻨ َْﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ .‬ورواه‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻣﺪار ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮون ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا«‪َ ،‬ﻗَﺎل‪ً ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ َ‬ ‫زاﻧﻴﺔ«‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا«‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻻ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎن‪َ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ اﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أوﻗﻔﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷﺻﺢ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎش إﱃ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻣﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢٣ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٧٥٣‬وﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ أﻗﺮب‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫»اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٢٦٨٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ، (٢٢٣ /٢‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٠١٠‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٨٠٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪.(٣٧٥٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(١٨٤) ٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺮﻳﺮ واﻷﻗﺒﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺎر ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻷزر‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎﻏﺎت‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻟﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ِإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﲈم‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ِإذا َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ْ :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻠﺒﺲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫أن ﺗ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲔ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲪﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ إن ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴩة َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬ ‫رﻗﻴﻘﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ اﳌﺮأة ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ َ ﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﴩﲥﺎ‪َ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﺬﻟﻚ إﻻ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻬﻬﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻷوﱃ ﱠﳑﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر اﳌﺮأة زﻳﻨ ََﺘﻬﺎ وﳏﺎﺳﻨَﻬﺎ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱪج ﻫﻮ‪ُ َ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺸﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻔﺎف‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﱠ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻔﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﴪﻫﺎ ﰲ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو أي ﳾء ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻄﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳖﻰ اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱪج‬ ‫ﱡُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻣﻮم‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ)‪ .(٤‬ﱡ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ أن‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻋﺪت َ ُ‬ ‫ُِ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫واﳍﻮان إن ﱂ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬاب َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱪج ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻘﺖ اﷲ َﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٨٥‬‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ِ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺮأةِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺈذن ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ً‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٥٨ /١‬وﻗﺎل ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺰﻳﻨ ًَﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻄﺮة ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج ا ْﳌ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة )‪ُ ُ ُ :(٧١ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪﻧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻨ َُﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ْﻠﻪ ِ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻘﺖ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮاﻓﻖ َ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ َْﺒﻐﻲ َﲪ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه َأو ﻣﻊ َﻇﻨﱢﻬﺎ َﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺮام َﻏﲑ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻴﺘﻬﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ ْ ُ ٌ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ٌ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٢١٢ /٢‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(١١٣ /١‬‬ ‫وﺟﻮب ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﻮع اﳋﻼف ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وإﻧﲈ ﻗﻠﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻔﲔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱪج‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﺟﻮب ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻔﲔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻷرﺟﺢ واﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأةِ ﳍﲈ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﺮت ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺮت ﻋﲆ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو ﰲ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز إذا‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻄﺮ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل أﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ إذا ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱡُ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫أﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳚﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ إﻻ ِ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﲆ َأﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء؛ وﻟﺬا َ َ‬ ‫اﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺎر َ َﻓﺮأ َ ْﺖ َأﻛﺜﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء«‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ أﴐ ﻋﲆ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻌﺪي ْﻓﺘﻨَﺔ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َأن ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﻨﺘﻬﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وأن ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻦ وإﻳﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﻨﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ (١)‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻞ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َْْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹزار َ ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﷲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذر ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأﻫﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮارا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺒﻞ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﴪوا‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ذر‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ﱟ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺑﻮا َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎذب«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َﻔﻖ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َإﱃ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻞ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ ﻻَ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻَ ﻳﻨ ُْﻈﺮ ا ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ إِ َﱃ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ ﱠُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮا «)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫َِ َ ُ‬ ‫إزاره َ َ ً‬ ‫)‪َ َ ُ ْ » (١‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺠﺐ‪» .‬اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ« )‪.(٢٦٦ /١‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﻼء«‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﱪ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱡُ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎﰊ ﰲ »ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪ُ :(١٩٧ /٤‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ِﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٥٧٨٧‬ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﲈن‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أن ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄول ﻋﲆ وﺟﻬﲔ‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر« ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪم َﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪود‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻴﻌﻪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ أ ﱠﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ِ.‬‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ِ‬ ‫وﳏﺴﻮب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥٣٣٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٢١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٧٨٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫إن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﳚُ ﱡﺮ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﻼء َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳚ ﱡﺮ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫إن ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﻼء َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء‪َ ،‬ﱂ َﻳﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ُ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻮﰊ َ ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰﺧﻲ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻫﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫أن َأ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﻲ َﺛ ْ ِ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨ َُﻊ َ ِ َ‬ ‫» ِﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫إﻧﻚ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َﳚﺮ ِ َإزاره‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ِ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﳑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫رأى َ ُ ً ُ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺑﻨﻲ َ ْﻟﻴﺚ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺴﺐ َ ُﻟﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬ﻓﺈ َذا َ ُ ٌ ْ‬ ‫َأ ْ َﺖ؟ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄذﲏ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﲔ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﷲَ َﻻ‬ ‫إزاره َﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ ِ ُ ُ ﱠَ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ :(٥‬ﻋ ِﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮرت َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫ارﻓﻊ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﱰﺧﺎء‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰدت‪،‬‬ ‫زد«‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫إزارك«‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ! ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻓﻌﺘﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إزاري ْ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘَﺎل‪َ :‬أ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎف ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ِ :‬إﱃ َأ ْ َﻦ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮاﻫﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫زﻟﺖ َأ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٧٨٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٧٨٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰﺧﻲ« َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٣٦٦٥‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ْ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ َ :(٢٥٥ /١٠‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﴚ أو ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ أﰊ ٍ‬ ‫ْﺤﻞ إذا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎﻓﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮك ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎره‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳﱰﺧﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄن ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‪ .‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰﺧﻲ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻫﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ«‪ :‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أن َأ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ ﻛﺎد ﻳﺴﱰﺧﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰﺧﻲ إذا َ ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ]‪.[(٢٠٨٥) - ٤٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﺑﻴْﻨَﺎ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َﳚُ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫إزاره‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫إذ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫َِ َ ُ‬ ‫أدق ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻧﻜﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻴﻨﻜﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﻮرا َ‬ ‫ﻮن ُ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ْﻗﺮط ◙‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺪﻫﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﲪﻴﺪ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺤﻤﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹزار ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫وأرى َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺪق‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫إزاره‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻻ أﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ‬ ‫إﺳﺒﺎل‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹزار ُ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫أن إﺳﺒﺎل اﻹزار ﺧﻴﻼء ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺮه ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا؛ ﻓﻘﺎل ٌ‬ ‫إزاره ﻟﻐﲑ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳛﺮم ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون‪ُ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٧٩٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٧٠ /٣‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪.(٢٨١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٢ /٦‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪١‬‬ ‫)‪» ،(٣٨٨‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٢٦٣ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢١٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٥٩ /١‬ﴍح‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٥٠‬وﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺳﺒﺎل‬ ‫إﺳﺒﺎل‬ ‫اﻹزار َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰزا وﻧﺤﻮه‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اوﻳﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻹزار واﻟ ﱠﴪ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻹزار أو‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺒﺨﱰ ﰲ اﳌ َْﴚ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﲈﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺒﺨﱰ ﰲ اﳌ َْﴚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب أو ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻼء ‪ ..‬ﱠ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ووﻓﻘﻪ ً‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﱠﻒ أﺧﻲ ﳏﻤﻮد أ ﻮ زﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺼﺎف ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺜﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وأﺳﲈه » ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻒ‪ ،‬وأ ﺒﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﺟﻨﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ إﱃ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺒﺎل«‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻼف‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬واﳌﺴﺄ ﺔ ﱠﳑﺎ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن اﻟﻨﻬﺪي ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺪ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ َﱂ ْﻳﻠﺒﺲ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻ َ ْﻳﻠﺒﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫◙َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ذﺑﻴﺎن ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ َ ِأﰊ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻄﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﳜ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪ِ َ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱢﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎءﻛﻢ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻮا َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬أﻻ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َﱂ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻮا ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻄﺐ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﲏ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ َ‬ ‫ﳏﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﳜ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َﱂ ْﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺴﻘﻰ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ِ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪاﻳﻦ‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﲆ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﲈء ِﰲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫دﻫﻘﺎن ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫إﻧﺎء ِﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎه ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َﻳﻨ َ ِْﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ َﱂْ َ ْأرﻣﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱢأﲏ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺔ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺘﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ ٌ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎج‪ِ ،‬ﻫﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫واﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ُ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻢ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ َ َ » :(٥‬‬ ‫ﻧﴩ َب ﰲ آﻧﻴَﺔ ﱠ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳖﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻠﺲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎج‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وأن َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ ﱢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٣٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ ]‪.[(٢٠٦٩)-١١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٣٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٨٣٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٣١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٦٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٨٣٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ ْﱂ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﱂ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َْ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪» :(٣‬ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮا َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ رﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت وﻫﻮ ْﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺣﺮم اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت وﻫﻮ ْﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺣﺮم اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وَ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ان ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻄﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ْ :‬اﺋﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ ْ ُ ُﺘﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻠﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ ْ ُﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ُْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺺ ـ ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب ـ ـ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲏ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼق َﻟﻪ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫» ِ ﱠإﻧﲈ ْﻳﻠﺒﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«‪ُ ْ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻻَ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺪق‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺺ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ‬ ‫رأى ﱠ ً ِ‬ ‫ﲑاء ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺔ ﺳ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ِ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺴﺘﻬﺎ ِﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻮﻓﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﺷﱰﻳﺖ َﻫﺬه َ َ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼق َ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻮا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻻ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ َﻫﺬه َ ْ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِ َإذا َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٣٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٧٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٧٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٦١ /٥‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(١٩١ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪(١٦٦ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٨٣٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺣﻠﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻰ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺔ ُ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ِﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎرد َﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮﺗﻨﻴﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫» ِإﲏ َﱂ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﴩ ًﻛﺎ ِ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺔ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﺒﺴﻬﺎ«‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﺴﻜﻬﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺴﺎﻫﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮوج َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﺪي َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻋﺎ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َﺰﻋﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻧﴫف‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َََِ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺎره َ ُﻟﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳﻨْﺒَ ِﻐﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﲔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ ْ ُ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻫﲑ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز)‪،(٤‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام وﻻ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ ُ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫أﺣﻞ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ َ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫َِِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺮم َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﻮرﻫﺎ«)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺎث ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٨٨٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪» .(٢٠٦٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺧﻼق ﻟﻪ«‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٠١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٧٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٠٠) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪ .(٢٥٥ ،٢٥٢ /١‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻦ اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ أ َﻰ ﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫اﳉﻠﻮس ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪل‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﱂْ ﻳﺄت ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرض ﻟﻠﻨﱠﻬﻲ ﻓﻴﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺮ ًﻣﺎ؛ ﻟﻨﻬﻲ اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳉﻠﻮس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٧٢٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥١٤٨‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٩٢ /٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ؛ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ‬ ‫أﰊ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﻦ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫رأى َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﲤﺎ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﺮﺣﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪه«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ِ َإﱃ َﲨ َْﺮة ْ‬ ‫َﺰﻋﻪ َ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﺪ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺬ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﻊ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﲤﻚ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺)‪.(١‬‬ ‫آﺧﺬه َأ َ ًﺪا َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫واﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪم ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺮان ِ َإﱃ َ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫☺ ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺮض َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺌﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻢ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺪك َﲨ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ْﺮة ْ‬ ‫َوﰲ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪            -٢‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ ﱠ َ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ِﺑﺎ ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮا َ َ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ ً‬ ‫ََْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ِ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪاﻳﻦ‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﲆ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺴﻘﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲈء ِﰲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫دﻫﻘﺎن ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫إﻧﺎء ِﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎه ِ ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َﻳﻨ َ ِْﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ َﱂْ َ ْأرﻣﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ﱢأﲏ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺔ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺘﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُﺎه ْ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٩٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻐﲑه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥١٨٨‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٤ /٣‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(١٠٢٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ َأ ﻮ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺠﻴﺐ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎج ِﻫﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ ﱢ َ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ َوا َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٢)‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٨٣١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٦٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٥٥ ،٢٥٤ /١‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻦ اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ ـــ ﺍﻟﺠِﻨ‪‬ﺎﻳ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺩ‪: ‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ -(٥٨‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﷲ ً‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫)‪ -(٥٩‬ﲪ ُْﻞ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح ﻋﲆ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﲑ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﲑوﻋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻼح ُ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ -(٦٠‬أن ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ -(٦١‬أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﳚﺮﺣﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أو ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ‬ ‫)‪ِ ْ َ -(٦٢‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ َ ِ -(٦٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ -(٦٤‬‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٦٥‬ا ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ٍ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ ِ -(٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻦ أو‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ -(٦٧‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﺷﺎﻋﺔ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ َ -(٦٨‬‬ ‫وﳏﺒﺔ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﺳﻘﺎط ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ -(٦٩‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود ا ﱠ ِ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ اﻷ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ -(٧٠‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﺎب أ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ☺ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫رﺑﻨﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ وﺳﻨﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪواﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وأن ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ـ ـ وﻟﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ـ ـ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وأﺷﻨﻌﻬﺎ؛ ‪‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪V U T SR Q P ON M L K JS :‬‬

‫‪. (٣١ :m) RX W‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 / . - S :‬‬ ‫‪L KJ I H G F E D C B A @ ? >= < ; : 9‬‬

‫‪.(١٥ :x) R U T S R QP O N M‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪V U T SR Q P ON M L K JS :‬‬ ‫‪. (٣١ :m) RX W‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮ‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ ☺ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أ ﺲ ◙‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪.«..‬‬ ‫» ﱢْ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ َ .. :‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ«‪.‬‬ ‫» ََ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻮب ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﳖﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ُﻮا َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ َأ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اك ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﺮار َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ٌ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲣﺎف َ ْ‬ ‫وأن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ؟ ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ » َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻚ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪك َ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨَﺎ‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َﻧﺺ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ◙ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺰﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدات ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﴫ ْ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺮم اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﴩك‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ِﰲ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ُ َ َ ْ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ْﺼﻮص َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫أﻛﱪﻫﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪j i h g f e d c S :‬‬

‫‪. (٩٣ :`) R r q p o n m l k‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا ُ َ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ﱢ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ)‪ :(٥‬إن َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺎب؟ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮه وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪ :(١٨٥ /١‬وﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺨﻞ‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻞ ُ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫وﻏﻠﻆ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة؛ ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ أ ﻮﻫﺎ ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻣﺔ ً‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ ً‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ إﱃ اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺴﻮة‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٨١ /٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻄﺎر ♫ ﰲ »اﻟﻌﺪة ﰲ ﴍح اﻟﻌﻤﺪة« )‪ :(١٥٦٨ /٣‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ♫ ﰲ »ﳐﺘﴫ اﳌﺰﲏ«‪ :‬أﻛﱪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﴩك‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬واﺗﻔﻖ أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٥٣ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٤١‬‬

 

  

 



   -٥ ِ ْ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ِ َ ِ ‫ﻐﺾ اﻟﻨ‬ ٍ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ٌ َ َ َ ِ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ َإﱃ ا ﱠ‬ َ َ ☺ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ ﱠ‬ :‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ُ َ ْ ‫ » َأ‬:‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِِ ِ ٍ ِ ْ ‫دم‬ ِ ْ َ ِ ‫اﻣﺮئ‬ ِ َ ‫وﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬ ِ َ ْ ِ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﻎ ِﰲ‬ ِ َ َ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﺪ ِﰲ‬ ٍ َ ْ ُ َ ،‫اﳊﺮم‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ٌ ِ ُْ ُ ‫ َ ُ ﱠ‬،‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُﺳﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ِ .(١)«‫دﻣﻪ‬ َ ِ ‫ﻟﻴﻬ‬ ُ َ َ ‫ﺮﻳﻖ‬ َُ  -٦ ِ ‫آﻳﺔ اﻟﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﰲ‬ .R n m l kS :‫ﱢﺴﺎء ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ َ 



  -٧

` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W V U S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ r q p o n m l k j i h gf e d c b a ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ } | { zy x w v u t s ¸ ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ± ° ¯ ® ¬« ª © ¨ §

. (٣٠-٢٧ :a) R » º ¹ ِ ِ ‫ﻛﻔﻞ‬ ِ ِ َ‫اﺑﻦ آدم اﻷ‬ َ َ ‫ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬،‫ﻇﻠﲈ‬ ُ َ ْ ُ َ‫ »ﻻ‬:☺ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ َ َ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ َ َ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ،‫دﻣﻬﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ْ ٌ ْ ‫ول‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ َ َ ﱠ‬ ٌ ْ َ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ‬ ً ْ ُ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ َ ْ َ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ُ ‫ِﻷَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ﱠ‬ .(٢)«‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ْ َ ‫أول‬ , + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ 987654 3210/.-

. (٣٢ :a) R ; : a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W S :‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

. (١٤٠ :b) R k j i h g fe d c b .(٦٨٨٢) ‫( أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬١) .◙ ‫ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬،(١٦٧٧) ‫ وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬،(٣٣٣٥) ‫( أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬٢)

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪   ☺ -٨‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َﻳ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ب َ َُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺰع ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺷﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ُﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﺗﺎب َﻋﺎد ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﺒﻚ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٩‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮداع‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﰲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮا ِ‬ ‫رﻗﺎب َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ ـ ـ َ ْأو َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرا‪ُ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻜﻢ ـ ـ َﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وﳛ ُ ْ‬ ‫»َ َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮداع‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ﰲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮا ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫رﻗﺎب َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرا‪ُ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪» :‬ﻻ َ َ ْ ِ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘَﻨْﺼﺖ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫» ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎب ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮق‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إن ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪار‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن َﻗﺪ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َِِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮا‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻮات َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﴩ َ ْ ً‬ ‫واﻷرض‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﻴﺌﺘﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ َُﺔ ْاﺛﻨَﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﴬ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وذو ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻴﺎت‪ُ :‬ذو ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻌﺪة‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ٌَ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ُ َ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺮم‪ٌ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ورﺟﺐ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺔ‪ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎدى َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻌﺒﺎن«‪.‬‬ ‫ُﲨ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أي َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻇﻨَﻨﱠﺎ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ورﺳ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄي َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َﻴﺲ َذا ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ََ :‬ﺑﲆ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺔ؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﻤﻴﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َُ ﱢ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﻤﻴ ِﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻇﻨَﻨﱠﺎ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ََ :‬ﺑﲆ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪة؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄي َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺲ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫» َأ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺮ؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ َ :‬ﺑﲆ َﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﻤﻴﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻇﻨَﻨﱠﺎ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ َ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وأﺣﺴﺒﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وأﻣﻮاﻟﻜﻢ« ﻗﺎل ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎءﻛﻢ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪﻛﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻜﻢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﰲ َ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮﻣﺔ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﰲ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫وأﻋﺮاﺿﻜﻢ« ـ ـ » َ َ ٌ‬ ‫»ََ َْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﲈﻟﻜﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺘﻠﻘﻮن َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرا« ـ ـ »َْأو‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ ِ ُ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺄَ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺑﻜ ْﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻗﺎب َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪َ َ ،‬أﻻ ِ ُ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻻ« ـ ـ » َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أوﻋﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ؟«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺳ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻪ«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪   -١٠‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ﻪ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫ ‪> = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 0 / .‬‬‫? @‪LK JI HGFEDCBA‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﻨ ُﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰاؤه َ َ‬ ‫‪ . (٧٠-٦٨ :u) R R Q P O NM‬وﰲ آﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‪ُ ُ َ َ َ } :‬‬ ‫َ ًِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪا َ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،R j i h g S :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي‬ ‫♫)‪ :(٢‬وأوﱃ اﻟﻘﻮل ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬وﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٧٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٧٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٣٥٠ /٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻮ أو َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪا ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰاؤه ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺰاه ﺟﻬﻨ ُﱠﻢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َُ ﱢ ً‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻮد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺎزﳞﻢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﱠإﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﻪ وﺑﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺛﻢ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ رﲪ َِﺘﻪ َ ﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪~ } | { z y x w v u t S :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪه َ‬ ‫¡ ‪. (٥٣ :¤) R ª © ¨ § ¦¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ َ َ‬ ‫َﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫أرﻳﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫وأ َﺎ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻒ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺣﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬أ ْ َﻦ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ َﻳﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أرﻳﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫☺ ــ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ـ ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أﺣﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َﻒ! ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ِﱄ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫َﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ا ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ْ َ :‬أو ِ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺘﻮل ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻴﻬﲈ‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﲈن ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎل ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫أراد َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﻮل؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﷲِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﲈن‪َ ،‬ﲪ ََﻞ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮف َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َأﺧﻴﻪ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻼﻫﺎ َﲨِ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﻔﻠﺲ؟«‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺪرون َﻣﺎ ا ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻠﺲ ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ِ ِ ْ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫درﻫﻢ َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎع‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﻓﻴﻨَﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻻ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺎم‪ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وزﻛﺎة‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺄﰐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻼة‪َ ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ِﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫وﴐب َ َ‬ ‫دم َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﺎﺗﻪ‪َ َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻔ َﻚ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ا ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٨٨٨‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١١ /١٨‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺘﻮل ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﳍﲈ َ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻻ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺤﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳚ َﺎزى‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه ُ ْ َ ِ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨْﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻄﺮﺣﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴣ ﻣﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫َﺎﺗﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َِ ْ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﻫﻢ َ ُ ِ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ْ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  ☺ -١١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ِﰲ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰال ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ دﻳﻨﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺐ َ ً‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١٢‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪا َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉ َﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -١٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازي ♫)‪ُ ْ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪوان‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﳋﺎزن ♫)‪ُ :(٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪوان ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﻲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻮم ً‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ أو ﱢ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ِﺷﺒﻪ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﴏﺣﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ أﲨﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ْ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٨١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٨٦٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪.(٤٧ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ« )‪.(١٠٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٥٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﺊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ إذ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺄ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪َ ُ ْ :(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة أ ًﻀﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺧﻼف ذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي)‪ ،(٢‬واﻷﻇﻬﺮ أ ﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮل ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮح َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪا َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ)‪(٣‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫َِﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ«‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٤٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫ )‪ :(٢٩‬أﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺬﻣﻲ وﻏﲑ اﳊﺮﰊ ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ أ ﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺬﻣﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٦٩‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(١٦٢ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(١٤٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(١٦٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﲪ ََﻞ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴْﻨَﺎ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ُ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮق‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫» َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎب ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮا ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔ ًﺎرا‪ُ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ وﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫رﻗﺎب َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ َ ْأو ِ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺘﻮل ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻴﻬﲈ‪ُ ِ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ!‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﲈن ِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎل ْ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫أراد َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺘﻮل؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﲪﻞ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح ﻋﲆ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« ) ‪» ،(٥٧٩ ،٥٦٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ .(١٩٥‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎل‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ َ ْ ﱟ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪☺     ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫أﺷﺎر ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺪةٍ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻪ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ و ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﻨ ُُﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه ﻷ َ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫وﺣﺮﻣﻪ؛ ﻓﻌﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﳖﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻞ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪري‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫☺ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻪ ِ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺰع‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن َﻳﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼح‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﲑ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻَ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ِﰲ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮة َ‬ ‫ﰲ َﻳﺪه‪َ ُ ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺮه ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼح ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﺷﺎر إﱃ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺰاح ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬إن َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﺪا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ِ ً‬ ‫إﺧﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٦١٦‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ♫ ﰲ »ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي« )‪ :(٦ /٩‬إذا‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪا‬ ‫إﺷﺎرﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ إذا‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫ِﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﲠﺎ؟ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳜﻔﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوع‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﻪ ﻋﲆ أﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ‬ ‫أوﺧﺬ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ َﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺟﺎدا ْأم ً‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺒﺎ ﻛﲈ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺎزل َ‬ ‫دون ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫إﺛﻢ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٠٧٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦١٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢٣) ١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٥٩ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٥١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳍﺰل‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ أﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(٢٠٥ ،١٣٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻖ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻞ ً‬ ‫ﳛ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‪،‬‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻓﺎ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أن ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱰوﻳﻊ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ إذا ُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﲪ ُْﻞ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ﺑﻪ إﱃ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴐر ﰲ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻮف ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ إذا ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﱪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻷﻛﻮع ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻫﻨ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻴﻬﺎﺗﻚ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ْ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪا ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻌﻨَﺎ َﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ َ ،«♫» :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ« َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻌﺘﻨَﺎ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُِ‬ ‫ﻫﻼ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ٌ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺔ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ؛ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﻴﺐ َ ِ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮا َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أن َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻌﺖ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫زﻋﻤﻮا َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮا َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ً‬ ‫وأﻣﻲ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪاك َ ِأﰊ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪه َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﺮﻳﻦ ْاﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وأي َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﳍﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳉﺎﻫﺪ ُ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫َﲔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إن َ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻂ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أن َﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪U T S R Q P O N M LK J I S :‬‬

‫‪.(٣٠ ،٢٩ :`) R ` _ ^ ] \ [Z Y X W V‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮدى ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪا ُ َ ﱠ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ َﻳﱰدى ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﻰ ُﺳﲈ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أَ َ ًﺪا‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺪا َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮﰲ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ْﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪا ُ َ ﱠ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺴﺎه ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺪة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َأ َ ًﺪا‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺪا َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﰲ َﻳﺪه َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪا ُ َ ﱠ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪهِ َﳚﺄُ ِﲠﺎ ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪﻳ َ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َأ َ ًﺪا«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺪا َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺪﺗﻪ ﰲ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٩١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ ))‪.((١٨٠٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٧٧٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ُﻘﻬﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َﳜْﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َﳜْﻨ ُُﻖ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻨ َُﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻨ َُﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﺎك ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ْﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب ِ ِﺑﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺎ ُ َ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺪة ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم َ ً‬ ‫َِْ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ْﻧﻔﺴﻪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ آدم َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻻَ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﴚء‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻚ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ ْ َ َ » :(٣‬‬ ‫ﻧﺬر َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َﻟﻌﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ِ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱡَْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب ِﺑﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫دﻋﻮى َ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ْ َ َ » :(٤‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰده ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﺜﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ َ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮةٍ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﱪ َ َ‬ ‫‪  ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ِ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ُﺣﻨ َْﻴﻨًﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪﻧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼم‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﺎل َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﴬﻧﺎ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ِ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫َِ ً‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ِ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ آﻧًِﻔﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﻻ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ُ ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫» ِﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َِ» :‬إﱃ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﻻ َ ِ ً‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر« َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِ ْإذ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎد َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺎب‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻴﻨ ََﲈ ُ ْ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َﱂ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٣٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٣٦٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٠٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ]‪.[(١١٠) -١٧٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺮاح‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﱪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺮاﺣﺎ َ ِ ً‬ ‫َُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫ﻜﻦ ِﺑﻪ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺖ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ َﱂْ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َأﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‪ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱢ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ ْ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫َﺎدى ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ » :‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻻ َﻓﻨ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ِ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻳﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ ٌَِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﷲ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱢ َ‬ ‫وأن َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪي ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺎل ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮون ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺘﻠﻮا‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻫﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺎذة ِ ﱠإﻻ ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪع َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴬﲠﺎ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻼن‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫أﺟﺰأ َ ُﻓ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ‪ْ َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ِ َُ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺟﺰأ َ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ٌ ِ‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬أﻣﺎ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ َأ َ ًﺪا‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪َ :‬أ َﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪ُ َ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫إﻧﻪ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺮح ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺣﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻒ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫أﴎع َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﴎع َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻒ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺠﻞ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ً‬ ‫وذﺑﺎﺑﻪ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷرض َ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿﻊ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺪﻳﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َأ ﱠ َﻚ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮج ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ََ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ذاك؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫آﻧﻔﺎ‪َ » :‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر«‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ِﰲ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻮت‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺠﻞ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺣﺎ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮح ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ :‬أ َﺎ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻣﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وذﺑﺎﺑﻪ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷرض َ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿﻊ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﺪﻳﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو ِﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫إن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨﱠﺔ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو ِﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر َ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠٦٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٨٩٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ☺ -٥‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﻨ َْﺪب ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰع‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻴﻨًﺎ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺮح‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِﺑﻪ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ََْ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﻗﺄَ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺰ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدرﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪي ﺑ ِﻨ َْﻔﺴﻪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ ِ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪ ﻓﻼ ﳾء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻷﻛﻮع‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫◙ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﳌﺮء َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ وﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ أﻋ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٦٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٤٠) ١‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٥٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٥٤ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٧‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻠﻴﺚ واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﺗﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬

‫ ‪.(٩٠ :a) R/ .‬‬‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹¸ ¶ µ ´ S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢١٩ :^) R Ã Â Á À‬‬ ‫ﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺗ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﻴﺎن اﻷ ﺪﻟﴘ ♫)‪ :(١‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻃﻴﻬﲈ ٌ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ ٌ‬ ‫إﺛﻢ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻴﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﺢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻰ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺰل َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ِ ْ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﴩِك)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ ُ :‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺘﻪ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أم ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﻟﺘﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ﱢأﻣﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﴍﲠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺣﺶ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪.(١٦٧ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٦٠ /٤‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪.(١٢٣٩٩‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ ،(٤٦١٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺮاﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺎرق ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮف وﻳﺄﰐ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ أ ﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫»اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(١٨٥٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑ ِﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻳﺪ َواﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﻌﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﴐب ﰲ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺪ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺪه ِ َ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫أﰐ ِ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮﻳﺪﺗﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﴍب ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻠﻪ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﲈﻧﲔ‪ِ َ َ » ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﻒ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪود َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِﺑﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫وأﰐ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﲔ ْﺑﻦ ْاﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪت ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺬر ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻔﺎن َ ُ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻬﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﻛﻌ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ُﲪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْﺮان َأ ﱠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫أزﻳﺪﻛﻢ‪ْ َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼن َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ ُ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺘﲔ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َﱂ َ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫رآه َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﻴﺄ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴍﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﻴﺄ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴍب ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‪ :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠﺪه‪ِ َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠﺪه؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ َ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ َﻳﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ َ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ! ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﱃ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ول َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﻫﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ! ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﻠﺪه‪ِ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ ِ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﲇ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ‬ ‫أﻣﺴﻚ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺪه َ َ ﱞ‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺪ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ُﺳ ﻨ ٌﱠﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﲈﻧﲔ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱞ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺮ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ«‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫إﱄ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﺣﺐ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِﻧﺒﻲ اﷲِ ☺ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ ﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻳﺪ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ َﱢﻌﺎل«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ َ » :‬ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮى‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮون ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ‬ ‫ودﻧﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﻒ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺧﻒ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪود‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮف‪َ َ :‬أرى َ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻠﻬﺎ َ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﲔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َﺛﲈ ِ َ‬ ‫»َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٧٣‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻻ َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق‬ ‫ﺎرق ِ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ﱠ‬ ‫ب ََْ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ب ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ب َ َُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»‪َ ..‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻘﻄﻊ رﺟﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱡ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻈﻠﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن«‪.‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﺬا ﻛﺎن ﻋﺜﲈن ◙ ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬وا ِ َﻻ َ ِ‬ ‫وإدﻣﺎن ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ُ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ؛ ﻓﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ُﻋ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺜﲈن ◙ ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﺳﻠﺖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ُأم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻘﺘﻪ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻮﻳﺔ‪ْ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺪ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎﺋﺚ‪ ِ .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ ََ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻋﻮك ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺎدة‪َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳﺘﻬﺎ َ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َََِ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﻔﻘﺖ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻃﻴﺔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻼم َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺮ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫دوﻧﻪ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺿﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻨ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﴣ ِ َإﱃ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻏﻠﻘﺘﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْﺪﻫﺎ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﴩب ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ َ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻋﻮﺗﻚ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َوا ﱠ ِ َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫دﻋﻮﺗﻚ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺎدة‪ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻊ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺎ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻼم‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺎ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﻴﻨﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﺘﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ًَْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ َوا ﱠ ِ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺮم َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ َ ْ َ .‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫زﻳﺪوﲏ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وإدﻣﺎن ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﺷﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ُ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳜِ َ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫ﺮج َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥٧٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥٦٦٦‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق ﰲ »اﳌﺼﻨﻒ« )‪ .(١٧٠٦٠‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُﻮﺧﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٣٤٨‬وﻏﲑه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫»اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« )‪ :(٤١ /٣‬واﳌﻮﻗﻮف ﻫﻮ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫أن َأ َﺎ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أ ﻴﻪ ╚‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻮا َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺳﺎ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب‪ً َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪ َﻳﻖ‪َ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪﻫﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮوا َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻓﺎة َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄرﺳﻠﻮﲏ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص َأ ْ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ِ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ََْ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﲏ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺳﺄ َ ُﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ووﺛﺒﻮا ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴍب ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﲥﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻜﺮوا َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲨ ً‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫َْ ََ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺋﻴﻞ أﺧﺬ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﴎ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻫﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ ِ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼ‬ ‫ََ ْ ََ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺑﻨﻲ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ َﳊﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻴﺎ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أو َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮه‬ ‫ﻓﺨﲑه َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﺰﻳﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴩ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠَ ُ‬ ‫أو َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ب َْ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫أو َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺘﻨﻊ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫أرادوه ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﳾء‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬وأَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ﱠﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ب َْ ْ َ‬ ‫إن َأ َﻰ‪َ َ ْ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎر أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﴍب‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫َﺌﺬ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َﻟﻨَﺎ ِﺣﻴﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وأن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ُﱠﺔ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِﰲ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ََْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳾء ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ﱢ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ََْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو َ ُ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ َﻟﻪ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰن ـ ـ أي ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﴏ َ ًﻓﺘﻰ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﻂ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﴍﺑﺔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﴩ ِ‬ ‫ﲬﺮ َﱂْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﴍب َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻨﻲ َﻋﻨ َْﻚ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻤ ِﺮ‪َ ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ب َْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ُ‬ ‫ُِْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ًََْ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﺬب َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻳﺪه‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻰ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ َ َ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻞ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َﻣﺎ َﱂْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤٍﺮو‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ َﻻ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﺑﺔ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴍب َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﺗﺎب َﺗﺎب اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎد َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ْ ُ َ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٤٧ /٤‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٩٧ ،١٨٩ ،١٧٦ /٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻮه أﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺪون اﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(٥٦٧٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٣٧٧‬ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ َأو ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫أدري ِﰲ ﱠ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺗﺎب اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎد َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ـ ـ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎد ـ ـ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻴﻪ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ردﻏﺔ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٦‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ أ ﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ╚ ً‬ ‫وﺷﺎرﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪          ☺   -٧‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َر ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﴍب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﱡَْ ﱠ َْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﲬﺮ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴍب ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت وﻫﻮ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻣﻨ َُﻬﺎ َﱂ ْ َﻳ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ َْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺘﺐ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ٌ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﴍﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﰲ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﳾء ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ ُﱠﺔ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِﰲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٧٦ /٢‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ ،(٢١٣٦‬ﻋﻦ رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﱠ ْ ّ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ أ ﻮ إدرﻳﺲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٠ /١‬ﻋﻦ رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﻮﻻﲏ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﲏ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻓﲑوز ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥٧٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٠٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٥ /١٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٩‬‬ ‫َ ُ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻴﺸﺎن َ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺸﺎن‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪم ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄرﺿﻬﻢ ِﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺰر‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪ُ ْ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻧﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اب َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ؟« َ َ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫☺‪َ َ » :‬أو ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻴﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻜﺮ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻨ َِﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل«‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪا َ ْ‬ ‫ب ُْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َوﻣﺎ ﻃِﻴﻨ َُﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎرة َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮق َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل؟ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر« َ ْأو » ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أوﻋﺪ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷن ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﴍب ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺎب ﻓﻬﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫‪  -١٠‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎق ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫☺‪ٌ َ َ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫واﳌﺪﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎن ِ َﺑﲈ َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﳌَﻨ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -١١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍب َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫إﲨﺎﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ُ ْ ُ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻴﻊ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻋﻨﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺜﻠﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺧﻼف أﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ُ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳜﻔﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺘ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ﻻ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳊﺮاﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٠٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٤٦٨ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ دراﻳﺔ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ« )‪(٢١ /١٩‬؟‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪.(٨١ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫أن ُﴍب ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ ُ ْ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮة‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻓﺨﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻠﺤﻖ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫إﲨﺎﻋﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ُ ْ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﴍب ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﴏﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ أو ِ‬ ‫وﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﴫﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ أو ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ وﻟﻮ َ ٍ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺸﱰﳞﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﲪ َ َ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وآﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻨﻴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮن ﳍﺬه‬ ‫وﺷﺎرﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺆﻻء ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﻮن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻦ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫☺‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻨَﻬﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﲈ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ إﻻ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ﱢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﴩةِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ » :‬ﻟﻌﻨَﺖ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﴏﻫﺎ‪َ ِ ِ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪َ ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ‪َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺘﴫﻫﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أوﺟﻪ‪َ ْ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ِ ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﺷﺎرﲠﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وآﻛﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫َِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أ َ ِﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺘﴫﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﴏﻫﺎ‪َ َ ِ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪َ َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻬﺎ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻌﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺑ َ َ‬ ‫وﺷﺎرﲠﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪.(٦٢ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٥٧ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ وﺷﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٦٧٤‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪،(٣٣٨٠‬‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٥ /٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ«‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣١٦ /١‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٣٥٦‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪َ َ ْ ُ » .(١٤٥ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﴫﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﴫﻫﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ أو ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ أو‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه‪َ ِ َ ْ ُ » .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﱰﳞﺎ‪َ ِ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﴫﻫﺎ«‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﴏﻫﺎ«‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه‪» .‬ا ْﳌَ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ أن َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ِ َ ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﴫﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫واﻋﺘﺼﺎرﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ ُ :(١‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﲪ ُْﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑا وﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ُ ْ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻋﺘﺼﺎره َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮة إن ﻛﺎ َن ﺷﺎﻓﻌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﴫ ِ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺪه اﻵﰐ‪ ،‬وﲪ ُْﻠﻪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫وﴍا ؤه‪ ،‬وﻃﻠﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﺑﻪ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺤﻮ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺳﻘﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲪ ِْﻠﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ِ‬ ‫وإﻣﺴﺎك ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﴩة ﰲ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺪه اﻵﰐ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬه َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُْ ِِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﴫ اﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲬﺮا‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪:‬‬ ‫وﲪﻠﻬﺎ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻋﺘﺼﺎرﻫﺎ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َﺐ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫و ِﴍا ؤﻫﺎ‪ِ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ َ‬ ‫‪  ‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮ أو ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺐ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﺳﻨ ُﱠﺔ ﳏﻤٍﺪ ☺‪ ،‬وﺳﻨ ُﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﲨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮام ╚‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫َﺎﻫﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٦٩ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٤٢ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢١٠‬‬ ‫وﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ﰲ »ﴍح ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻵﺛﺎر«‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻹﻣﺎم أ ﻮ ﺣﻴﻔﺔ ♫‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮ واﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﰲ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺮون؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫)‪:(٢١٢ /٤‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َﺐ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﲑ وأ َﻘﻰ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺶ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﲑ اﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ُ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺐ إذا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺑﺪ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻫﻲ اﳋﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ♫ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ .‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ♫‪ :‬إذا ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺎن أ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺶ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺑﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻖ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺮا ‪ َ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫وذﻫﺐ َﻣﺎؤه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﴚء‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺶ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ًْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﺑﻤﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ♫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮل أﰊ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺣﺠﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم«‪.‬‬ ‫»ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ أ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ َﺎ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎذ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺜﻨﻲ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َﻟﻪ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫إن َﴍا ﺑﺎ ﻳﺼﻨَﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺰر َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄرﺿﻨَﺎ ُ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! ِ ﱠ َ ً ُ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َﻟﻪ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻊ َ‬ ‫اب ُ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴍ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َو َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄ َﻪ َﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ؟« َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘُﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫أﴍﺑﺔ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ْ ُ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨ َُﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﺬ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﺬ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺰر َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻊ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺰر‪ُ ْ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮدة‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻊ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﴍ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﺳﻜﺮ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اب َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎذق‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اب َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َُ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﻼل ﱠ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ‬ ‫أﺳﻜﺮ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎذق‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻼل ﱠ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﻴﺚ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»َْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺐ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺶ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺤﻮل ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﺨﺪرات واﳊ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام؛‬ ‫ُ َ ّ ُ‬ ‫واﳍﲑوﻳﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑه ﻓﻬﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻜﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂٍ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺‬ ‫ﲤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﺮك َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬واﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻼل وﻻ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ ْ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٣٤٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٧٣٣‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥٨٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٠١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﲑ اﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺦ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪َ َ َ » .(٥٥٩٨‬‬ ‫َﺐ إذا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎذق«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺮا ‪َ َ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻜﺮ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫☺«‪ :‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪98 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 / S :‬‬

‫‪.(٣٨ :a) R < ; :‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎرﻗﺎ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ » ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دراﻫﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﱢﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق ِﰲ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫رﺑﻊ ِدﻳﻨ ٍَﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺰوﻣﻴﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ْ َ ْ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺄن ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﳘﻬﻢ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺸﺎ َ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱰئ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺؟ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﳚَِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪودِ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﻊ ِﰲ ﱟ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬أ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ َ .‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬أﳞﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس! ِ ﱠإﻧﲈ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻄﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أﳖﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ؟« ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡَ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ َ َأﻗﺎﻣﻮا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﴎق ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻮه‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴎق ﻓِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻳﻢ اﷲ ِ َ ْﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑ ِﻨ َْﺖ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻫﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺖ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺖ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ ﻻ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬و ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠإﻻ ﰲ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٩٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٨٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٨٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٨٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٨٢ ،١٨١ /١١‬أﲨ ََﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٧٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٣٧ /٢‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٢٥‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٦٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ُ َْ ً‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﳖﺒﺔ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪ .‬وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬وﻻَ َﻳﻨ َ ِْﺘﻬ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻫﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﺒﻬﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َﻳﻨ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرق َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫وﻳﴪق َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮون َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻄﻊ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺒﻞ َ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻄﻊ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫دراﻫﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﳊﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮون َأ ﱠ ُﻪ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻮى َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳊﺮاﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ َ :(٣‬ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ َﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ ًة ﺑﲔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﳖﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﲠﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٨٣‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٨٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٨٣ /١١‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﲈ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺑﻊ ٍ‬ ‫اب‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮ ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﺎر‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎوي َ‬ ‫وﺣﺒﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه ﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﲑ ﻣﻦ ا ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎرك َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺒﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬ ‫رﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﺎر ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﴪ وﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺎل وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮه ذﻟﻚ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎق َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬ ‫أراد ﺟﻨ َْﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﺎرة‪ .‬أو َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻨﺲ اﳊﺒﺎل‪ .‬أو أ ﱠﻪ إذا َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻄﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ َﴎﻗﺔ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﻴﻞ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪.(٨١ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣٧ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -٢ ،١‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪U T S R Q P O N M L K S :‬‬ ‫‪cb a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W V‬‬ ‫‪u t s r q p o n m l k j ih g f e d‬‬

‫‪.(٣٤ ،٣٣ :a) R} | { z y xw v‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ِ ِ َ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Z Y X W V U S :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫[ \]^_`‪ُ Rba‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱠﻟﻠﺬي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎدا ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻣﺘﻬﻢ إﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫وﺳﻌﻰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرب اﷲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم أو ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨَﺎؤه‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬه اﳋﻼل اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻠﺰم ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﳋﻼل‪ ،‬أ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻪ ً‬ ‫ُ َ َََ‬ ‫إﺟﺮاﻣﻪ؟‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرﺑﺔ‪ ،‬أم ْ َ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف َ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰ ُﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻠﲔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأوﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪر‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﲆ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻞ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳐﻴﻒ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄوﺟﺐ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎﳍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ إذا ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ا ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل أو ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷرض؛ وإذا ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٣٧٣ /٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٣٨١ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﻜﻞ‪ِ ً ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ً ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻮا َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ٍ َ َ‬ ‫رﻫﻄﺎ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﲈﻧﻴﺔ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺲ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ! ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻮوا َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻼ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻐﻨَﺎ ِ ْ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ ََﺔ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫☺‪ْ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺟﺪ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮاﳍﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮا‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬودِ«‪ُ َ َ ْ َ .‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻨُﻮا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﳖﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﴩ ُﺑﻮا ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺤﻘﻮا ِ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻮا َ َ‬ ‫وأ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ََُ‬ ‫إﺳﻼﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺮوا َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺎﻗﻮا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬود‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻠﻮا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﺎر َ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َﻓﺄ َﻰ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫أﰐ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴫﻳﺦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ‬ ‫وﻃﺮﺣﻬﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻣﲑ َ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﲪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺤ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫وأرﺟﻠﻬﻢ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺪﳞﻢ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻄﻊ َأ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻬﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ُ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﻮا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻮن‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺴﻘﻮن َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻮا َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻌﻮا ِﰲ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺎرﺑﻮا ا ﱠ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﴎﻗﻮا َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎدا)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻷرض َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫زاد أ ﻮ داود)‪َ َ :(٢‬ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ِﰲ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك َو َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪N M L K S :‬‬ ‫‪َ َ ْ (٣٣ :a) R T S R Q P O‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎرب ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ُﺻﻨ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮﻓﺎ ﻟﻠﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﳖﻢ‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﻠﺒﻮﳖﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮن ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪون ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َﳛ ِ َ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪َ ُ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰروع‬ ‫وﻳﻐﲑون ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﻮن ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻌﺎم‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻠﺼﻮص ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮون ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﻤﻤﻮن اﳌﻮاﳾ واﻷ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﲈر‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوﻋﻮﳖﻢ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُﳚ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎءﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﻐﺘﺼﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺮون اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼح ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮن ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ون ﱠ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ْﴩ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫وﳛﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺠﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮذاﺋﻞ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠١٨‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٧١‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ أ ﻔﺎظ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫أﻋﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎء«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻠﻮا َ ْ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻋﲔ ُأو َ َﻚ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‪ .‬وﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺲ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪.(٤٣٦٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺳﻮرة ا ﺎﺋﺪة« )‪ (٢٣٥‬ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻨﺎ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍب‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳊﺮاﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺧﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ«‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪ َ ُ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮح أو َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ إذا َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ أو‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ا َﺎل؟! وﻛﻴﻒ إذا َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬوﻧﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫وإﻧﻔﺎق ﻣﺎ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟! ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ؟!‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﺧﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ْ َ » :(٣‬‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻖ«‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎ وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﱂ ُْْ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮاع ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻴﻒ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻣﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺬاب‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺰي ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ« )‪.(٨١ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٢٢٧) ١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٤١ ،٢٣٩ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٥٥‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪،(٤٣٧ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(٤٤‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﰲ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮق ﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎزل‬ ‫اﳌﴫ أو‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 / . - , + S :‬‬

‫< = > ? @‪.(٢ :t) R F E D C B A‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺰاﲏ ﻏﲑ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪة‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﲈﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻦ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ؛‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﲆ اﳌﺮأة ِ ٌ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺼﻨﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺮﻳﺐ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ِ ً‬ ‫اﺑﻨﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻴﻔﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأ َ ِ ِﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺰﻧﻰ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ إﱃ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ا ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﻀﲔ ﺑﻴﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪ ،‬ا ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﻜﲈ ِ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َ َ ْ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻐﺮﻳﺐ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫رد‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻴﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻨﻚ َﺟ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻏﺪ َﻳﺎ ُأ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ َ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫واﳋﺎدم َ ﱞ‬ ‫َﺷﺎة َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﲨ ََﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﱰﻓﺖ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻋﱰﻓﺖ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرﲨ َْﻬﺎ« َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺪا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻮل ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ٌ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻴﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب ◙‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﱰك َ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻀﻠﻮا ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺰﳍﺎ ا ﱠ ُ ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪َ :‬‬ ‫أﻻ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ َأ ْ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ا ﱠ ِ‪ ِ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﻻَ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َأﺣﺼﻦ‪َ ِ ،‬إذا َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺒﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻨ َُﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ َ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﱰاف‬ ‫أو ِ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ َ ﱢ‬ ‫زﻧﻰ َ َ ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﺖ ـ ـ َأﻻَ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ورﲨﻨَﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ » َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ َﳛ ﱡﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺣﺪى َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِْ ٍ‬ ‫وأﲏ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ِ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َﻻ إ ِ َ َ ِ ﱠإﻻ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪ :‬اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرك ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪ ،‬وا َ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﲈﻋﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺎرق َ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٢٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٩٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٢٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٩١‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٣٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٦٩١‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪ .‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٣١‬ﻋﻦ زﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٨٧٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٧٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲔ َْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ِﺣ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﲏ َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌ ٌﺔ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻘﲑ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎل‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎع ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫واﻹﻣﺎم ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪ُ َ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻼف‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﱠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة ﺑﻦ ُﺟﻨ ُْﺪب‪ْ َ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﺄ َ ْﻴﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻠﻌﻨَﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﺻﻮات« َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ـ ـ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﺴﺐ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ــ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻂ َ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻢ َﳍﺐ ِﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻬﻢ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮاة‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺎء ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َأ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻨْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َﻳﺄْ ِ ْ َ ٌ ْ ْ‬ ‫وإذا ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل َ َ ٌ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎﻻَ ِﱄ‪ِ ِ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺿﻮا « َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪ُ ْ ُ ..‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﳍﲈ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳍﲈ‪ ِ َ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫رأ ُﺖ ﻣﻨ ُْﺬ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻻ ِﱄ‪َ َ :‬أﻣﺎ إِ ﱠﻧﺎ َﺳﻨ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺖ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُﺨﱪك‪ َ َ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺒﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑِﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫َﺎء اﻟﺘﱠﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎة َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ِﰲ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺰواﲏ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱡﻮر‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل َواﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻫﲇ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫إذ َأ َ ِﺎﲏ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺒﻌﻲ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ َﻴﺎ ِﰊ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼن َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬ﺑﻴﻨَﺎ َأ َﺎ َﻧﺎﺋِ ٌﻢ ِ ْ‬ ‫☺ َُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺮا ‪ ُ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻼ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬا ِ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻪ ِرﳛﺎ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﺎﺧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮا ‪ َ َ ] ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ِﰊ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳾء ْ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﻢ‬ ‫ْ َََ‬ ‫ً َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن ِ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وأﺳﻮﺋﻪ َﻣﻨ َ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮم َ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﻧﻮن َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء؟ ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺰواﲏ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاﺣﻴﺾ[ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٧٦‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٥٥٥٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ ﺷﺄ ﻪ‪- , + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 0 / .‬‬ ‫@ ‪O NM L K J I H G F E D C B A‬‬ ‫‪.(٧٠-٦٨ :u) R R Q P‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪  -٦‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫زان‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬاب‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻚ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ٌِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺋﻞ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺬ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﺄ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‬ ‫ﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َذﻛﺮ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻌﺎد؛ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴐورﺗﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻬﻢ إﱃ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬر ٌ‬ ‫دواﻋﻴﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱠﺎ ﱂ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻧﺐ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻻزﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲪﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﺳﺒﺎ ٌب‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻋﺠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ دواع‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﴐا ُﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ اﳌﻌﺒﻮد‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﻧﺪة‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف ﱢ‬ ‫إﻗﺪاﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٧‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أي ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ؟ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‪ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﲏ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرك«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َْ َُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١٠٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٤٨٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٣٨٣ /١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﻰ ـ ـ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻔﻮاﺣﺶ ـ ـ ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ »اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪ :(١٨٦ /١‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺘﻚ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ْﻀﻢ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﻗﺒﺢ؛ َﺎ ﻳﻨ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﺎ وﻋﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫وﺷﺪة ﻗﺒﺢ ذﻟﻚ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٨‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﻓﻴﻪ وﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﲈ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎر‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻰ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‪..‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫أﲨ َُﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻓﺤﺶ أ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻮاﻋﻪ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫زوج ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫وزﻧﺎ ﱠ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫وزﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫زوج‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﳞﲈ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺮم‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻟﻜ ِ ِ‬ ‫زﻧﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻦ ـ ـ أي‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﲈﳍﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﲈل ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎب‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺮ واﻟﻌﺎﱂِ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ـ ـ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫واﳉﺎﻫﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫ ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٥٣ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٢٦ ،٢١٢ /٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ﰲ »إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ :(٣١‬اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ اﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ وأﻗﻮى اﳉﺮاﺋﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ أﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٧٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ«)‪.(٣٨ /٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪0 / . - , + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪D C B A @ ? > = <; : 9 8 76 5 4 3 2 1‬‬ ‫‪X W V U T S R Q PO N M L K J I H G F E‬‬ ‫‪jih gfe dcb a`_^]\ [ ZY‬‬ ‫‪.(١٧٢-١٦٠ :v) Rv u t s r q p o n m l k‬‬

‫ﳚﻤﻊ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ ﻣﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱂ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ‫أﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﺎ ﲨَﻊ ﻋﲆ ﱡ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﻤﺲ أ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻊ ُ َﻗﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻠ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم أن ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻣﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ﲠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺪة ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة ﻫﺬا ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﺤﺸﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﱂ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ؛ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ أﻣﺔ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺒﺤﻪ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﺪة َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺘﻪ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ♫‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ُ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮا ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط‪ُ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﺪﲤﻮه َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻔﻌﻮل ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاط«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ أن أﻗﻮل‪ُ ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬وﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‪ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط«‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎع‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺼﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺠﺎز‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وإن ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫إﻛﺮاﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻮط ♠ أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻠﻮاط‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٤١‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٤٦٢‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٤٥٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٥٦١‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺄ ﻪ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﺪاود ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ وﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬه إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٤٢٧‬وﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٣٦٧‬واﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪ ،(٥٥ /٤‬إرواء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(٢٣٥٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﱰﻣﺬي ♫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮأى ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺮﺟﻢ أﺣﺼﻦ أو ﱂ ُ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﺳﺤﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫وأﲪﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳛ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫي‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻬﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫رﺑﺎح‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻲ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻄﺎء ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮري‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ╚ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ـ ـ أي ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻲ ـ ـ ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫إﲨﺎع ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ـ ـ أي ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪ :(٢‬أﲨ ََﻊ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫آراؤﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط ـ ـ ‪ ،‬وإن ﺗﻨ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻮﻋﺖ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺟـﻤﻬﻮر ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳـ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﻃﻲ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱢ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ♫‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﱡﻲ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ِ‬ ‫ذﺑﺢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻣﻪ‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺐ َأ َ ُﺎه‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫»َُْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﲣﻮم ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷرض‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َﱠَ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َُْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ » (١‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪.(٥٨ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٤٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢١٧ /١‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،(٧٢٩٧‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ .(٤٤١٧‬وﻣﺪاره ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو ﻣﻮﱃ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ ﻣﻮ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺪوق‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ روى ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﳾء ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أ ﻪ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ .‬وﻟﺬا ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱂ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳜ ﱢﺮج ﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﰲ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺑﺮ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ وإن َ‬ ‫َأ َﻰ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻮف ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ْأو ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأي‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻮط ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺺ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻬﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﲨﻊ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻠﻬﻢ اﳋﺒﻴﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠَﱡ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻮاط ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﻗﺒﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮط ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻧﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﳌﺮأة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاط‪ ،‬وإﺗﻴﺎ ُن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ أﲨ َُﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﲈه اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﰲ ُُِ َ‬ ‫اﻷول‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﻛﲈ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ٍ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪.‬‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮر‬ ‫اﳊ ﱡﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن‬ ‫وأﺷﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاط‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﴏ‬ ‫اﻷدﺑﺎر‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎر‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﲣﺮب ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرث ّ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﴚ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ اﳌﻔﺎﺳِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت ﻋﲆ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻮاط أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﰲ زﻣﻨﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا أ ﺎﺳﺎ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺰوﺟﲔ‪ ،‬وﳛﺒﻮن اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫ً ُ‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺄل اﷲ‬ ‫اﳊﻼل‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺎق؛‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ (٢٠١‬ن‪.١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣١ ،٢٢٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪(٣١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪»،(٢٥٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣٥ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ)‪(٢‬؛ إﻻ إذا‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺎق‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼف ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱢ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ أ ﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﻰ)‪ ،(٣‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺎق ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻢ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ ُ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪D C B A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6 S :‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫‪ .(٧-٥ :s) R L K J I H G F E‬وﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻻ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺮأة ِ َإﱃ َﻋﻮرةِ ا ْﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرةِ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﴤ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ ا ْﳌ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺮأة‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟ ُﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب ْاﻟﻮ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﺮأة ِ َإﱃ ا ْﳌ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮب ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺣﺪ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٣٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﴤ ا ْﳌ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺮأة ﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ َ ْ ٍ َ‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬إﻻ أ ﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﳌﻈﻬﺮي ♫ ﰲ »اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﰲ ﴍح اﳌﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ« )‪ :(١٩ /٤‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺮ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﳚﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دون َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َأ َﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮج اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ْ َ ،(٢٣٣ /٨‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإذا أَ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َﻓﻬﲈ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫زاﻧﻴﺎن َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُُ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﺮأة ا ْﳌ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ا ْﳌ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ ُ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َﺮأة َ ُ َ‬ ‫زاﻧﻴﺘﺎن«‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ٌ‬

 

  

 



       -١ o n m l k j i h g f S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٢٣ :t) R r q p  ☺ -٢ ِ َ ِ َ ْ ‫َﺎت‬ ِ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ‬ ِ َ ِ ْ ‫اﺟﺘ ِﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‬ ِ ْ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻼت‬ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ » ‫ وذﻛﺮ‬.«‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‬ ُ َ ْ » :‫ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‬ ُ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ‬ ِ ْْ .«‫َﺎت‬ ُ ِ ِ ِ َ ْ » :¶ ‫ َﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬:‫وﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺣﺴﻦ‬ .«..‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ َِﺔ‬ ُ ْ َ َ :‫ﺗﺴﻊ‬ َ ْ ُ ْ ‫وﻗﺬف‬ ٌ ْ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ َ   -٣ h g f e d c b a ` _ ^ ] \S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٤ :t) R o n m lk j i ِ ٍ ٍ ِ ُ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫رد‬ ‫اﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ َ ُ ْ :‫ اﻷوﱃ‬:‫ﺛﻼث‬ ُ َ ‫ ﱡ‬:‫ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺛﲈﻧﲔ‬ ‫ ﱠ‬:‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ً ِ ‫ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬:‫ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬.‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ِ .‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ُ ْ َ ِ ُ ‫ إن َﺗﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ُ ‫ وﻗﺎل‬،‫أ ًﺪا‬   -٤ h g f e d c b a ` _ ^ ] \S :‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬

.(٤ :t) R o n m lk j i ِ ِ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ٌ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺬف ﻣﻦ‬ َ ْ ‫أن‬ ‫ ﰲ‬:(١)♫ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳋﺎزن‬ َ ‫ﻷن‬ ٍ ِ ِ ِ .‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ إﻻ ﻋﲆ‬ ُ َ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ﻻ‬ .(٢٨١ /٣) «‫( »ﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬١)

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻪ ِ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻳﻘﺎم َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ ﱡ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ﻗﺬف اﳌﺤﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ أ ُ‬ ‫َﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻻ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱢ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاﰲ ♫)‪ُ ْ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺬف َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ـ ـ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺬف ـ ـ أي ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ َ :(٤‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺑﺪر اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(٥‬اﻟﻘﺬف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺈﲨﺎع اﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺬف ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﲈل اﺑﻦ اﳍﲈم ♫)‪:(٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎع ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺰول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ﱠأم اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٧‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺬب‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاءﲥﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﲈء ﻓﻬﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎذف‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٦٠‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٣١ /١١‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫إﺷﺎرة إﱃ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺰر ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﰲ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎذﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﰲ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻮﰱ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮار‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻮاء‬ ‫ﻗﺎذﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺎت اﳌﻤﻬﺪات« )‪.(٢٦٣ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻔﺮوق« )‪.(١٤٧ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٩٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﴍح اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ« )‪.(٣٦٢ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﲈل« )‪.(٣١٦ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٧‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٢٠٨) ١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ‪ً َ ِ ‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻬﺎ ـ ـ أي‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪َ :(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬه ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲ ـ ـ َ‬ ‫ورﻣﺎﻫﺎ َﺑﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬي ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﳖﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻻن‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫أﻣﻬﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﻬﲈ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺪ ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن‪ .‬وﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ َُ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﻲ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨﺎت اﳌﺆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎت ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن ِ ً‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻨًﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫داﺧﻼ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﳊﺮة‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮ‪ُ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‪ُ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺼﻨﺔ‪ ُ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻦ‪ ُ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﴩك‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺬف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫اﳌﴩ َﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﺔ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺬف ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻻ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة)‪ ،(٣‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ َ ٌ‬

‫)‪ » (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٣٢ /٦‬‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺬوف ُ ً‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫ ﰲ »ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪ :(١٤ ،١٣ /٦‬إذا ﻛﺎن ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰاع ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬا َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎذﻓﻪ أ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱢ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻗﺬف اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮات ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ »ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة« )‪ُ ْ :(٥٠٦ /٢‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ñ Ð Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٩ :t) R Ù Ø × Ö Õ ÔÓ Ò‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺪي ♫)‪ R Ê É È Ç Æ Å S :(١‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺒﻮن ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻌﻈﻤﺔ‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﺤﺔ ُ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻨﻴﻌﺔ ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ‪Î Í Ì Ë S‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺪن‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬ ‫ﻹﺧﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪ R Ð Ï‬أي‪ٌ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﳏﺒﺔ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ أن ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺠﺮد ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺿﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺟﺮاءﺗﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎره ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﻪ؟‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻼء ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ َﺑﲈ ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢) ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎِﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ أ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﱢ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ َ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫أن ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻮث ﻫﻮ ّاﻟﺬي ُ ّ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ إن َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺎر ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻮاد ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﱪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ‪ َ ٌ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮاد ﻫﻮ ﱠﳑﻦ ُ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﻌﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ واﳌﺮأة ﻟﻠﻔﺠﻮر)‪،(٤‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاد ﻓﻬﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ« )‪.(٥٦٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻣﺪارج اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻜﲔ« )‪ ،(١٣٣ /١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(١٨٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٦٤‬ﴍح‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٨‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٨٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ« )‪.(٧٦٥ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪           -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة َ ْ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺄن َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺰوﻣﻴﺔ ﱠاﻟﺘِﻲ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﳘﻬﻢ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺸﺎ َ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱰئ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬وﻣﻦ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺؟ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳚَِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﻊ ِﰲ َ ﱟ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬أ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﲈ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ِ َ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أﳖﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻄﺐ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود ا ﱠ ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ َ َأﻗﺎﻣﻮا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإذا َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ َ َ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻳﻢ ا ﱠ ِ َ ْﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴎق ِ ُ‬ ‫ﴎق ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻮه‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑ ِﻨ َْﺖ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻫﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺖ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﴎَ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺖ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺪود‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ووﻋﻴﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮي ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﲏء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﲈ ﺑﲔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﴩﻳﻒ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻨَﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫راﺷﺪ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻨَﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮج ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛ َﻴﻰ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫دون ﺣﺪ ِﻣﻦ ﺣﺪودِ ا ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻪ ُ َ َ ﱟ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ َ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻢ ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ َﱂ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْﺰع َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻳﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺿﺎد ا ﱠ َ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ َﻟﻴﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ردﻏﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺮج ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻜﻨ َُﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﰲ ُ ْ ٍ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٧٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(٦٤ /٥‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ﺷﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٥٩٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٧٠ /٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(٢٧ /٢‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻦ؛ ﻓﻠﻢ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫زرﻋﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺛﻘﻪ ﻏﲑ أﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮد ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ راﺷﺪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ أ ﻪ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ روي‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق أﺧﺮى ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ أﺳﺎﻧﻴ ِﺪﻫﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫‪. (١)‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ردﻏﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺼﺎرة ِ‬ ‫=» ْ َ‬ ‫ﺮج ﱠﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪» .‬ﺣﺘﻰ َﳜ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ردﻏﺔ«‪ :‬اﻟﻄﲔ‪َ َ » .‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪ .‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل«‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫إﺛﻤﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳜ َﻔﻰ َﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أي‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻬﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٣ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢١١ ،٢٠٦ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١١٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ ﰲ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ ْ‬ ‫َْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ ْاﻷَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺨﺮ ِﰲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺴﺎب‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‪ُ َ ْ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻮﳖﻦ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱡﺠﻮم‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ْ » :‬اﺛﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺘﺎن ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ َ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺐ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺖ«‪) .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﲈ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٌُْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ ﻷﲪﺪ)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺴﺎب«‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻣﺬي)‪ َ » :(١‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻳﺮ ِﰲ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺴﺎب«‪.‬‬ ‫»َ ﱠ َ ُُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎب ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ُﻧ َﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ُﳜ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺴﺐ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪.(١٠٠١‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪه اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ف ﺑﺎﻵﺑﺎء َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ وﻣﺂ ُﺮ آﺑﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺧﺮوا ﱠ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ُ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا إذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺒﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻷزﻫﺮي‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ َِﺎﻗﺒﻪ وﻣﺂ ِﺮ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ‪» .‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس« )‪» ،(٢٦٩ /٢‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(٣٨١ /١‬‬ ‫آﺑﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ )‪ .(٥٣١ /٢‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺪارﳘﺎ ﻋﲆ أﰊ اﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ اﳌﺪﲏ ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٦٠) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ » ،(١٠٠ /٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪ ، (٢٠٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ » ،(١٢٦‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ « )‪ .(٤٨‬وﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِع ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ْ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬و ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ﻋﻔﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل ﰲ ﴍﺣﻪ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ أ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻓﻜﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‬ ‫♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(١‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺐ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻬﺎد‪:‬‬ ‫ورؤوس‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻸ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﷲ َ‬ ‫أ ﻮاه ﻛﺎﻓﺮان‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻮذ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺶ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻳﻜﻔﻲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮد ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺲ ◙‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪َ ،‬أ ﻦ َ ِأﰊ؟ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫دﻋﺎه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻰ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر«‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِأﰊ َ َ‬ ‫وأ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎك ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨ ًﺎ ـــ ﺍﻷﻳﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﻀ‪‬ﺎﺀُ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍﺕ‪: ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ِ َ -(٧١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس َ‬ ‫واﳊﻠﻒ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ َ -(٧٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻋﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ َ ٍ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٧٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺧ ُﺬ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ِ َ -(٧٤‬‬ ‫واﳊﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮء ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ َ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ ُ -(٧٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ْ َ ﱞِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﰊ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﺎذا؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻣ َ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ « َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ« َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫»ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذب«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ َ َ ْ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ë Ê É È Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ S :‬‬ ‫‪R Ù Ø ×Ö ÕÔ Ó Ò Ñ ÐÏÎ Í Ì‬‬ ‫)_‪.(٧٧ :‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺋﻞ اﻷﺳﺪي ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ ٍ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﱪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ ِ ٍ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻄﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ S :‬‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ ِ R Ì Ë Ê É È Ç‬إﱃ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺪﺛﻜﻢ َأ ﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ؟ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﳛﱢُ ُ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌ ُﺚ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪ِ َ َ .‬‬ ‫أرض ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ ِﱄ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﺑﻴﱢﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫َﺘﻚ َ ْأو‬ ‫ﺰﻟﺖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ ُأ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِﱄ ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻨ ُُﻪ«‪ُ ْ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ً ِ :‬إذا َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا وﻫﻮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ٍ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﱪ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻤﲔ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﱪ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٥٤٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٣٨‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ُ ِ َ :(١٢١ /٢‬‬ ‫وأﺻﻞ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻹﻣﺴﺎك‪ .‬ﻗﺎل )‪ :(١٦٠ /٢‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﺒﺲ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺰم ﲠﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﱪ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮ«‪ :‬أي ُ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﱪ ُ َ‬ ‫☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﴬﻣﻮت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ‬ ‫واﺋﻞ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و ٌ ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﴬﻣﻲ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِﻛﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ْ‬ ‫ََ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ْ َ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ْﺪة ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻚ ِ‬ ‫إن ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻨ ُُﻪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻷﰊ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫أرض ِﱄ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ٌ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ! ِ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﺘﻮرع ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َﻻ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳾء‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎﱄ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠ ْﻴﻪ‪ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻠﻒ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺄﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َََ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎﻟﻪ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫أدﺑﺮ‪َ َ » :‬أﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ ﱠﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮض«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ ُ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﻘﲔ َ‬ ‫ًُْ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ْاﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ اﷲ وﻫﻮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‪ْ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﺎك ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫دﻋﻮى َ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰده ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﺜﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ٍْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮةٍ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﱪ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫أﻗﺎم‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬وا ﱠ ﱠاﻟﺬي ﻻَ إ ِ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََُْ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻴﺖ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ ﱠَُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ٌ ُ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذب‪،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺔ َﻟ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﲔ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻄﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﷲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذر ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮأﻫﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٣٦٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ِ ْ ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮارا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺒﻞ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﴪوا‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ذر‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ﱟ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺑﻮا َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ ﺑ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﳊﻠﻒ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎذب«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َﻔﻖ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻘﲑ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫»َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎل‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎع ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻼف‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫واﻹﻣﺎم ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َِْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ﻣـ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻮل ـ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ـ ﻋﲆ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺜﺮ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎع اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬا‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺔ َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻫﲇ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻄﻊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َأوﺟﺐ اﷲ َﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ ،‬وﺣﺮم َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«‪َ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ِ َﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ْ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ِْ ٍ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺒﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﲑا َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫أراك«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وإن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬وإِ ْن َ ً ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أوﻋﺪ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر أو‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َﻣﺎ ْ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذب‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺜﺮ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎع َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ﻋﲆ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﳌﻨﺎوي ♫‪ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻼف« َأي‪ :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻷ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﲈن‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ذر ◙‪» :‬واﳌ ُﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْﻔﻖ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻔﻖ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ َ‬ ‫»اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ« )‪» ،(١٤٠ /١‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ« )‪.(٢٧٢ /٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻄﻊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٣٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ُ ُ ْ َ :(١٦١ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ«‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ؛ وﻫﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ :«..‬ﻓﻴﻪ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﲈل‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻮق اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ْﺘﻔﻊ ﲠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َﱠﺠﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳﻨ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪.(٢٦٤ /٢٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻲ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮة َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻒ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ ‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻤﺲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺖ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪ ُ .‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﻮﺳﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذب«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺄوﳍﺎ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﲔ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﻮس َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ْ َ َ ً ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﺳﺖ أﺳﲈؤه‪ .‬وﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﷲ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﻣﺴﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﱡ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫واﳋﺪاع‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ‪ُ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬وراﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ اﻟﻐﻤﻮس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﺺ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ اﳌﻮﻓﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ َُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬أﻻَ ُأ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫َِ ْ َِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﱪ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬أﻻَ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟‪ «..‬ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫زال‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ ﱠ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮرﻫﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬أﻻَ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﺲ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪َ َ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪َ َ ،‬أﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ ﱠ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎ َﻓ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫َ َُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫» ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻮل ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ)‪ُ ْ َ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﴩ ِك‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻟﺖ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ِ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » S :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َﻗﺮأ َ َ ْ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎ ﱠ «‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪.(٣)(٣٠ :r) RÁ À‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻠﺲ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٥٩٧٦‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ُ :(٢٦٣ /٥‬‬ ‫اﻫﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ُ ﱠ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎ« ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ‬ ‫َﻗﺒﺤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﻴﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎ‪ُ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ﱠ ِ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٨٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق )‪ ،(١٥٣٩٥‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٢٥٧ /٧‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﻓﻴﻪ َواﺋﻞ‬ ‫ْﺑﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ، ،(١٧٨ /٤‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫روي ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٣٠٠ ،٢٢٩٩‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٥٩٩‬ﻋﻦ أ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﳎﺎﻫﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ :(١‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎن اﳉﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷوﺛﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺲ اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ« ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ْﺲ‪ ،‬أي‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫‪َ » :RÁ À‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب )ص‪.(٣ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺰور‪ُ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫أﻣﻴ ُﻞ ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫زورا ﻷ ﱠﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻲ ً‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬب‪ ُ .‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب وﺑﺎﻃﻞ وزور‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه اﻵﻳﺔ ﺗﻀﻤﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰور‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َﺖ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﻓﻬﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﺑﲔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺬب‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪:(٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺗﻼف اﻟﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱡﻔﻮس‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﲠﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳾء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﲢﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﷲ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻮال‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ّ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎدا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴐرا‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ َﺑﲈ ﻻ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪:(٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ﻫﻲ أن ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٤١٩ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٥٥ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر« )‪.(٢٩ /٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٢٢٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ ﺎ أﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٨٦ /١‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ«‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ »‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻗﱰاف اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٢١ /٢‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﴏﺣﻮا ﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻷوﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ ُﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،(٢ :a) R È Ç Æ Å Ä ÃÂ Á À ¿ S :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﱠإﻧﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﺎﺋﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ ِ َ :(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﻓﱰاء‪ ،‬واﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﻮل‪k j i h g f e S :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬

‫‪.(٢٨ :¥) R l‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻬﺎدﺗﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫وروﺣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﺿﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬه ﺑﺸﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺳﺎق إﻟﻴﻪ ا َﺎل َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ووﺟﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر؛ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫أﻗﻄﻊ َﻟﻪ ِ ْ ً ِ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ ْ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬه‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺼﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ا ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪم‪ِ ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺎل‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺮض‪.‬‬ ‫وراﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ أ َ‬ ‫َ َُِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎح ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(١٩٧) ١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٩٦٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٧١٣‬ﻋﻦ أم ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ا ﱠ ُ اﻟﺮاﳾ واﳌﺮﺗﴚ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة« ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ » ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱡْ ِ‬ ‫وﳛﺮم ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة وﻟﻮ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫وإﺣﻘﺎق َ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ أو‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺬ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻣﺎ إﻋﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻮن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وﳛﺮم َ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺬ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﺮام ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮارا‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﳾ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﴚ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‪ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨ َُﺔ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﲠﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ أو ﻳﻨ َُﺎل‬ ‫أذﻳﺔ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﳾ إذا َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﺻﻞ ِ َإﱃ ﺣﻖ َ ُﻟﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ ِإذا ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﻓﻊ َﻋﻦ َﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻇﻠﲈً َ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺷﻮة َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨَﺔ‪ .‬وأﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َداﺧﻞ ﰲ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ َأو دﻓﻊ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام أ ﻄﻞ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٣٣٧‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٠٨٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٣١٣‬وأﲪﺪ )‪/٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺋِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮة؛ ﻓﻌﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﺶ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪ُ .(٢١٢ ،١٦٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ورد ﰲ رواﻳﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺋﺶ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻬﲈ‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٧٩ /٥‬وﻣﺪاره ﻋﲆ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﴚ َ ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﳾ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ☺ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺰار ﰲ »ﻛﺸﻒ اﻷﺳﺘﺎر« )‪ » :(١٣٥٣‬ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ِإﻻ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺋﺶ«‪ :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ« )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٧٩) ٢١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪،(٥٦٩ /٦‬‬ ‫»اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(١٦٣‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٣١٢ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ « )‪» ،(٤٨‬اﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪،(٣١٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(١٥١‬وﻫﺬه ﰲ ن‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺷﻮة‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺎﻧﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ إﱃ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮاﳾ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﺎء اﻟﺬي ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﻨُﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ إﱃ ا ﺎء‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮﺗﴚ‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺬ‪ .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻨﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﳍﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺋﺶ‪ :‬اﻟﺬي ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻼ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬أو َ ْ ِ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﲑ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﳍﺬا‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة«‪ :‬أي‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ » :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﻘﺎ‪ .‬وإن ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‬ ‫ﱢ ََ‬ ‫أرﺷﺎه ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬أو ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ ﱢ‬ ‫وﳚﺰﻳﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﳛﺮم ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﻪ ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ ﰲ َﺣ ﱢﻘﻪ‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺷﻤﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈل‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫إدﺧﺎل ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺎ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈل ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈل ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮل«‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪ ،(٢٢٦ /٢‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(٣٠٩ /٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(١٢٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ِ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎة َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻴﺎن ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ُ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺬاك ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ذاك َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎض ِﰲ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎض َﻻ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﴣ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ٍ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻚ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ِﰲ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﴣ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎض َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ُ‬ ‫ََُْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ اﻟﺴﻮء‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪ .(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﴣ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴤ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ وﻻ ﱢﺑﻴﻨ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺮأي ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻬﺪ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﻗﴣ ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻻﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﻮل؛ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻻح ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺟﻮر ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﲑ أو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم أو‬ ‫ﺟﻮر‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﺸﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻟﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫وﺳﺆاﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻬﻞ أو َ ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎء ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﳘﺎ‬ ‫اﳉﻮر أو َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫أو َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﴈ اﻟﺴﻮء ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴤ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﲈ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ ﺰل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬أو ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫رﺷﻮة ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ِ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ وﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻘﴤ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺴﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﺷﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٣٢٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٣١٥‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪.(٣٥٧٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٢٤٢) ١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٧ ، ١٨٤ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٦٩ /٦‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٠٧ ،١٨٤ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٣‬اﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻠ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺬي ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮء ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻹﻓﺘﺎء ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻻ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ اﷲ ﱠ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱡِ‬ ‫وﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻏﺮض ﻣﻦ ُﳛ ِﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺨﲑ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‪ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻋﺪوه ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫أﻓﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺪه‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺘﻴﻪ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ‪ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻮق‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﻴﻨُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻛﺎﳌﻔﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺘﻲ أ ًﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮل أﺣﻜﺎم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺎﴈ ُ َ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﺒﲔ ﻋﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﻔﺘﻲ ُ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻞ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬وإذا‬ ‫ﺧﺎن اﷲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳉﺮاءﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮه أو‬ ‫ﲥﺎون ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ إدﺧﺎل ﻧﻔﺴﻪ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر؛ َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫أﺣﻜﺎم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺒﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎزﻓﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(١٢٥ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،(٤٤ :a) R| { z y x w v u t S :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪،(٤٥ :a) R Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ S :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.(٤٧ :a) RM L K J I H G F E S :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﱪاء ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎزب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﻮدا‪،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﲈ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِ َ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻬﻮدي ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ ِ ََ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻜﻢ؟« ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬا َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪَﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲡﺪون َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ﰲ َ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺸﺪك ﺑﺎﷲ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈﺋﻬﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮراة َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻜﺬا‬ ‫ﺰل ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻮﻻ َأ ﱠ َﻚ َ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺬا َﱂْ ُ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﺗﻨﻲ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻜﻢ« َ َ‬ ‫َِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪه‬ ‫ﲡﺪون َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﱪك‪ُ ُ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﲏ ﰲ َ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻨ َُﺎه‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻒ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﴍا ِﻓﻨَﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻨﱠﺎ ِ َإذا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ َأ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻮا َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ َ َأﻗﻤﻨَﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻴﻤﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َﺠﺘﻤﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳾء ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻨ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳉﻠ َﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻢ‪ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺿﻴﻊ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨَﺎ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮك ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ِ ﱢإﲏ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫إذ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أول َ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﺗﻮه«‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ُ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪R k j i h g f e d S :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫ﺰل ُ‬ ‫)‪َ ِ (٤١ :a‬إﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ُ َ ،(٤١ :a) R ¬ « ª © S :‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪا‬ ‫اﺋﺘﻮا ُ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻢ ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺬروا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﺘﺎﻛﻢ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺬوه‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫☺‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺰل‬ ‫واﳉﻠﺪ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﻛﻢ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻢ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¼ » º ¹ S R| { z y x w v u t S :‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫½ ¾ ¿ ‪ِ RM L K J I H G F E S R Á À‬ﰲ‬ ‫ْ ُﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎ ِر ُ ﱡ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت ﱠإﻧﲈ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪y x w v u t S :(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎر‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ‬ ‫‪ R| { z‬و‪ R Á S‬و ‪ْ َ َ RM S‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ وإن‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻼ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎرت ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﱠإﳖﺎ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ دون ٍ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ؛ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎووس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ،‬وﻋﻄﺎء‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﲈ أ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﺮ ﺑﻪ وﱂ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺛﻢ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺣﺪا ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ﱂْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻇﺎﱂ ٌ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻮر ﰲ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈء‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺎ ً ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫آﺛﺎر ﺷ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫روﻳﺖ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وأﻋﻮذ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﻦ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ا ﱠ ِ ☺ ََ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﺑﺘﻠﻴﺘﻢ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ! َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ ْ ُ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪.(١٩٠ /٦‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا ِﺑﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ُ ْ ً ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮج اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ (٤٦٥ /٨‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﲑ وﻫﻮ إﱃ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ورﺳﻠﻪ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪(٣١٣ /٢‬‬ ‫َََ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺒﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮن ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ َﻟﻴﺲ ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﻘﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا َﻳﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﺮب‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫دون ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪:(١١٤٣ /٤‬‬ ‫‪ٌ ْ ُ R| { z y x w v u t S‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ رواه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮه ﰲ اﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل )‪:(٢٠ /٢‬‬ ‫ﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وأراﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َﻛ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ِﺑﺎ ِ َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ورﺳﻠﻪ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮج اﻟﻄﱪي )‪(٤٦٤ /٨‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻃﺎوس‪َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َﻋﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫دون ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫دون ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻇﻠﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻓﺴﻖ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ٌ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫دون ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻖ‪ٌ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎء ﻗﺎل‪ٌ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر« )‪» ،(٣٣٧ /٢٧‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٧٤ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﲢﻜﻢ َأ ِﺋﻤﺘﻬﻢ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺨﲑوا ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ﱠ ُ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُِْ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻛﻮﻫﻦ‪َ َ .. :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ا ﱠ ‪ َ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﻬﻢ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎده‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮب ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫وأﺣﺴﻨُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ ﺣﻜ ٍﻢ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳐﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وأﺷﻨ َِﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ‬ ‫وأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وأن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ اﷲ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻻ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﲠﺘﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺒﻪ اﱃ اﷲ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬أو َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺒﺖ أ ﻨﺎء ﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲨﻌﻮا‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮوا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﻜﻢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﱠأﳖﻢ ذﻛﺮوا ﰲ اﻟﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ اﻟﺴﻮء‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻠﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﱂ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴎ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫زﻣﺎﻧﺎ أ ِﻰ ﻋﲆ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮا ذﻟﻚ ﻷ ﱠﻨﺎ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻨ ُﱠﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫وﻓﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ أن ُﳛ ﱢﻜﻤﻮا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫أﻇﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎج وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛَ َ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻮن ﰲ ﺷﺆوﳖﻢ ﺑﲈ أ ﺰل اﷲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن اﳌﺴﻠﻮن ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﴍﻳﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وأن َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ؛ ﻓﻨﺴﺄل اﷲ أن ﱢ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱢﻜﻤﻮن ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﲈ ﺻﺎﳊﲔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮزﻗﻨﺎ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻨﱠﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ وﻗﻔﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب »ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« ﻷﰊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺤﺎس ♫‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪َ :(١‬ﺟﻮر ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎة‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻜﺎم ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺗﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ذي ٍ‬ ‫وﻓﻮق ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢١٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫راﺑﻌﺎ ـــ ﺍﻹﻣ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﻌِﻠﹾﻢ‪: ‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫وﱄ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدل اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫)‪ُ ُ ُ - (٧٦‬‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ وﲨ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ﱠ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ ِ - (٧٧‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻇﻠﻤﻪ َﳍﻢ واﺣﺘﺠﺎﺑﻪ دوﳖﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺬﻳﺒﻬﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﴐب ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ - (٧٨‬‬ ‫)‪ِ - (٧٩‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﲆ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (٨٠‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ ْ ِ -(٨١‬‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎره‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ْ -(٨٢‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺒﺎرا‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ وﻳﺄ ِﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف وﻻ ﻳﺄ ِﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ ﻣﻊ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ اﳌ ُﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ -(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف واﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ِ ْ َ -(٨٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدل‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳋﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫‪   -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫»َ ََ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﴈ‪ ،‬وإِ ْن َﱂ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ«‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎه ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫َِ ً‬ ‫‪  ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرق ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫»َ ََ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺎ‪.«..‬‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎت َ ً‬ ‫وﻋﴡ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪   ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ُﻋﻤﺮ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻴﻊ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ ََ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻷﰊ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮة َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻃﺮﺣﻮا َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ َﱂ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪﺛﻚ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وﺳﺎدة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻚ ِ ُ َ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻠﺲ‪َ ،‬أ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ َ ًَ‬ ‫آﺗﻚ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪا ِﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ َ ً ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ» :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫☺ َُ ُُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ ُﻋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫ُﻘﻪ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َﻻ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٨٥١‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي )‪َ » :(٢٤٠ /١٢‬ﻻ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﻟﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎص ¶‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺛﻤﺮة َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺎع‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‪َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻄﻌﻪ ِإن ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎه َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫»‪ْ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺎﴐﺑﻮا ُﻋﻨ َُﻖ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ ‪.(١)«..‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ُﻳﻨ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﺎزﻋﻪ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪   ☺ -٥‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙ ‪َ َ ..‬‬ ‫وأ َﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ِ ِ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﲏ ِ ِﲠﻦ‪ِ َ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﳉﻬﺎدِ ِﰲ‬ ‫واﳍﺠﺮة‪َ ِْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻤﺲ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ِﻣﻦ ُﻋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُﻘﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﱪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺑﻘﺔ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﷲ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺜﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﻮى ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أن َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫‪    ☺ -٦‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮه ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﲑه َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﱪا َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺼﱪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ْ ً‬ ‫ََْ ْ ِْ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ ُﻋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫ُﻘﻪ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٤٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٨٦٤ ،٢٨٦٣‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ (١١٣٤٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(١٣٠ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوة ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻞ ُﳚ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﻧﺰع‪َ َ ْ ِ » .‬‬ ‫رﺑﻘﺔ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ﰲ ُﻋﻨ ُِﻖ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم«‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﻴﻤﺔ أو َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ُ ٌ‬ ‫»ََ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم أي ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﻼم‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوده‬ ‫ﻋﺮى‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﺴﻜﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨَﻰ ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوم‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫وأواﻣﺮه‬ ‫ذﻣﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫وأﺧﻔﺮ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬ َ‬ ‫وﻧﻮاﻫﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻨﺎق َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﱠَْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻘﺔِ‪» .‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي« )‪.(١٣٢ /٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٠٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٥١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﺎرق‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫راﻳﺔ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫ََْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺒﺔ َ ْأو‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻀﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﺔ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ َ َ ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َﺧﺮج َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ِ َإﱃ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ِ ْ َ ٌ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺔ َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ْﴫ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﴬب‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﺔ َ ﱠ ٌ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺔ َ ْأو َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺬي َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻲ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﺎ َ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪه َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺎﺷﻰ ْ‬ ‫وﻓﺎﺟﺮﻫﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ََْ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ أو اﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻣﻨﺎﺑﺬﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ إذا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻈﺎﱂُ اﻟﺬي ﱂ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮز أم ﻻ؟‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﺣﻜﻰ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٨٤٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن‪» ،(٣٦٩ ،٣٢٣) ١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٨٣ /١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٨٨‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٤٨‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(١٥٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻮا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﳍﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ُ َ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮف ﳍﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻮا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﱂ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﲑه‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎدر‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔِ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻣﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ﳍﺬا‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻮات‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﻮي‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮض ُ ْ َ ِ ّ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫»َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪   -٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ا ِ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎد َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﴫي ♫ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫زﻳﺎد َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ْ َ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻞ‪ِ :‬إﲏ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ َ ْ ٌ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﻚ َ ً َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﺳﱰﻋﺎه ا ﱠ ُ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻄﻬﺎ‬ ‫☺؛ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳛ َْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫رﻋﻴﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺼﻴﺤﺔ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َﱂ ْ َﳚِ ْﺪ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ْﺼﺢ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻬﺪ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ َ ِﻳﲇ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ََُ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎر ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎش ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﻋﻴﺔ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ﱞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت َ ُ َ‬ ‫» َﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻮت َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰﻋﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫واﺳﱰﻋﺎه ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺪه اﷲ َ‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﱂ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ً‬ ‫ﺧﺎن ﻓﻴﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺪه؛ إﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻀﻴﻴﻌﻪ ﺗ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﲔ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎم َﺑﲈ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ دﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻢ َﻣﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﺼﺢ ﻓﻴﲈ ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧١٥٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٤٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٤٤٦ /١‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٦٦ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪودﻫﻢ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻮزﲥﻢ‬ ‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫إﳘﺎل‬ ‫واﻟﺬب ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﴍا ﺋﻌﻬﻢ ﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪوﻫﻢ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﲑة ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠﻧﺒﻪ ☺ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻬﻢ‪ْ .‬‬ ‫وﳎﺎﻫﺪة ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺔ اﳌ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺪة ﻋﻦ اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ‬ ‫روى أ ﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﲪ ََﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼح َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮَة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﴩةٍ ِإﻻ ﱠ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأﻣﲑ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻜﻪ ِإﻻﱠ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻮر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أو ُ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻻ‪ ،‬ﻻَ َ ُ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺑﻘﻪ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٥‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﱪه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳐﻴﻤﺮة ♫ َ ﱠ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ْﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷزدي َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ْ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َأ َﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ِ ً ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻚ َأ ﺎ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ُ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ ََِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫أﺧﱪك ِ ِﺑﻪ‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن‪َ ُ ْ ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻨَﺎ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺠﺐ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻻ ُه ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﺧﻠﺘﻪ‪ِ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺠﺐ ا ﱠ ُ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺮه«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫دون َ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺮﻫﻢ‪َ َ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﺧﻠﺘﻬﻢ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ِ ْ‬ ‫دون َ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺋﺞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٦‬‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(١٥ :Ç) R 1 0 / . - S :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺳﻂ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ .(٤٣١ /٢‬وﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎدة‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪،(٢٨٤/٥‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أوﺑﻘﻪ«‪َ :‬‬ ‫وﺛﺎن ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎدة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٢٣/٥‬وإﺳﻨﺎدﳘﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪َ َ » .‬‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٩٤٨‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٩٣ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻨ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮاء‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻗﻂ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وأﳖﻢ ﱂ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻘ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻮا ً‬ ‫ﺑﺬواﺋﺒﻬﻢ ِ ﱡ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﳖﻢ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲔ َِ َ ِِ ْ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺮﻳﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٧‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻮر ﰲ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈء‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٢‬أﲨ ََﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫روﻳﺖ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺎ ً ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫واﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﺋﺮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻇﻠﻤﻪ ﳍﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚ أو‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن أو‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻴ َﺲ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن واﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻮزﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ؛ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻻﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫واﳌﺪﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻏﺶ ﻫﺆﻻء َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﴩ ّ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫دون َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﺠﺎﲠﻢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻣﻮرﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻄﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎﲥﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫دون ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َ ﱟ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺬﻳﺒﻬﻢ ﳍﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫‪ :‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺋﺠﻬﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎء ﺣﻮا ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻞ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﺠﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﻄﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ أو ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٥٢ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٤٤٨٣‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٩١ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر« )‪» ،(٣٣٧ /٢٧‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٧٤ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪» ،‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(١٦٨‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪،(٥٧٠ ،٥٧٩ /٦‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٢١ ،٢٢٠ ،٢١٨‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٨٩ ،١٨٤ /٢‬ﴍح‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٤١٧‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(١٨٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺷﻚ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ُ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫إن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َﺗﺮى َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أذﻧﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺪون ِﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺐ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺪﳞﻢ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوﺣﻮن ِﰲ‬ ‫ُ ﱠٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﰲ َأ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺪة َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ ِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺪون ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ِ َِﺘﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺮوﺣﻮن ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ اﷲ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ َ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄذﻧﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎط َ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ َ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫»ﺻﻨ َْﻔﺎن ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر َﱂ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أرﳘﺎ‪ٌ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻮن ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎرﻳﺎت‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺎت َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎء َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫َو َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫أذﻧﺎب ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫دﻳﺎر َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ِ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪة َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎرع‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ« ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻮان ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻃﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎط‬ ‫اﳉﻼدون‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﱃ ﱡ‬ ‫ﲠﺆﻻء‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻹﺻﺒﻊ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄذﻧﺎب ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻌ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ورﺑﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﴩوع ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺪون َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴬﺑﻮن ﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺪار‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻫﻼك َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳍﻮى وﻣﺎ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﴬوب أو‬ ‫اﳌﻈﺎﱂِ إﱃ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﻓﴣ ﲠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ َ ﱟ‬ ‫دون ْ‬ ‫أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ ﻫﺬا ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱢﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﲈ َ َﺗﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» (١٩٠ /١٧‬اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺑﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪» ،(٩٤ /٢‬ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ«‬ ‫)‪.(٢٠٩ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪        ‬‬ ‫‪     ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُأ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺰام َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎس َ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮوة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺴﻮا ِﰲ ِْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎم‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْاﻷَ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻴﻤﻮا ِﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﳖﻢ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎط ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﱠ َ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ُﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫وأﻣﲑﻫﻢ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ«‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻠﻮا )‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ْ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎري ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺎ ِﱄ‪ُ ْ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻷ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﴐب ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ِﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺪر َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ« ‪ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻢ‪َ ،‬أ َﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﺎ‪ْ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ » :‬أﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ ُﱞ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺘﻚ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َََ َْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﺘﻚ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺺ ﻫﺬا ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َﺗﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٦١٣‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺪود ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٥٩‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎء اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻄﻊ ﳾء ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪» .‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٥١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪s r q p o n m l k j i h g S :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ ﻫﻨﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِك‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﱠ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫‪ُ .(١١٣ :g) Rw v u t‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻛﻮن‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠأﳖﺎ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻞ أو ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻦ ِ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻨَﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻌﻮا‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ َ َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ََْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫وأرﺑﻌﺔ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﺎﳖﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﺮاء؛ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أَ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺬﲠﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻬﻢ ِ َ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪي ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﱂ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ َ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻮض‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ ُﻳﻌﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ِ َﺑﻮارد َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺬﲠﻢ َﻓﻬﻮ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﳊﻮض«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وأ َﺎ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻬﻢ ِ َ ِ ِ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ ُ َ ﱢ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُﻇ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وارد َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺮة! َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﳊﻤﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ » :(٢‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫أوﱃ ِ ِﺑﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُأ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َز ْﻳﺪ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ِ َإذا َﺧﺮﺟﻨَﺎ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧِﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف َﻣﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﻘﻮل َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ ََ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِ َ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﻗﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢١٩٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤١٦٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٤٣ /٤‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻬﺎ وﺷﻮاﻫﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٤٣ /٤‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ ،(٢٨١٨‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١٢٧ /٤‬وﰲ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق وﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﲈع ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﲈن ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧١٧٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ُ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ‪ٌ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺦ‪ٌ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﲆ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﳍﻢ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻗﲑا ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ً‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﳏﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫وإﻋﺎﻧﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﲆ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٨٩ /٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٩٦ /٤‬وﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﲔ أﰊ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٤١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٨٩ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪| { z y x w v u t s r q p S :‬‬

‫} ~ ¡ ‪.(١٥٩ :^) R ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ُ :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪Rv u t s r q p S :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﲈﳖﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس أﻣﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺎرى؛‬ ‫وأﺣﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِِ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﲈء اﻟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮراة‬ ‫ﺰﳍﺎ اﷲ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُِ َ‬ ‫واﻹﻧﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳚﺪوﻧﻪ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻨَﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ أ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﻌﺜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﻧﺒﻮة ﳏﻤﺪ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﲠﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ َ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻢ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈن‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ َ إذا َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ إذا ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﴡ‪ ،‬وإذا ﱂْ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪه ﱂ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﳍﺬه ِ‬ ‫وﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫دﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﳉﺒﺎر‪ :‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻓﺨﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ـ ـ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﲈن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬

‫‪.(١٨٧ :_) R 6 5 4 32 1 0 / . - ,‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٧٣١ ،٧٢٩ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٨٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪.(١٥٠ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َ َ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﻤﻪ َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ َ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ا ِِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺠﺎم ْ‬ ‫ﱠُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻹﻇﻬﺎره ﰲ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈن‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ْﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎﰊ ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﻫﺬا ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ إﻳﺎه‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ َ ﱠ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم؟ وﻣﺎ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮﲏ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ رأى ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ِ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫وﻛﻤﻦ َﻳﺮى‬ ‫ﺴﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﴬ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼم ﻻ ُﳛ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮﲏ ﻛﻴﻒ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬اﻓﺘﻮﲏ‬ ‫ﺣﻼل أو‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻔﺘﻴﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺻﲇ؟ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻨَﻌﻮا‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﲈ َﺳﺄ ﻮا ﻋﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر أن ﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫وأرﺷﺪوﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻮاب ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺛﲈ ُ ْ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﻓﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻋﻴﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﴐورة ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻪ؛‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻢ ﻗﺪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻠﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻴﲈ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﳜ َﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﻗﺪ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْﺪب‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲔ أو ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ـ ـ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ـ ـ وﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه إن َ َ‬ ‫إﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﻨ ٌَﺔ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ِ َ ْ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳌﺤﻈﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺪب ﻣﺎ ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼم‪ ،‬وإﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﺐ ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ داود )‪ ،(٣٦٥٨‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪.(٢٦٤٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٨٣) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٦١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪،(٤٣٨ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٥٣ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٥٨‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻤﻪ ﻣﻊ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲔ اﳉﻮ ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎره‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل ﻋﻦ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻢ ْ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ﻳ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ إﻻ إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻮاب‪ .‬وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪.(١٨٥ /٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈﻧﻪ‬ ‫واﳊﺮام ـ ـ ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳊﻼل‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ـ ـ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻢ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻦ اﻟﺬي أ ﻰ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎ‬ ‫آﺛﲈ‬ ‫ﴐ ٌر‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ً َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺬر‪ ،‬أو َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ـ ـ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﲈن‬ ‫وﺑﺠﻮز‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﰲ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫راﺟﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ َ َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬وﻷﺧﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ أﰊ أوﻳﺲ اﻟﻜﺮدي ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ أﺳﲈﻫﺎ‪» :‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﻛﺘﲈن اﻟﻌﻠﻢ«‪ ،‬ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻔﻘﻬﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺒﺎرا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ وﻳﺄ ِﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﳖﻰ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﺑﻤﻌﺮوف وﻻ ﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻟﻶﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻰ َ ً‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪w v u t s r q p o n m l k S :‬‬

‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ .(٣ ،٢ :¼) R | { z y x‬‬ ‫واﳌﻘﺖ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ َ ُﻟﻪ‪َ َ :‬أﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫زﻳﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﺋﻞ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ِﻓﻴﲈ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬أ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻤﻪ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺜ َ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻌﻜﻢ؟ َوا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ﱠ ْ ُ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮون َ ﱢأﲏ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﲈن َ ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﻠﻤﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻮن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﻨ َُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أول َ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺮا َﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫أﻓﺘﺘﺢ َ ْ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻣﲑا ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َﻋ َ ﱠﲇ َ ً‬ ‫أﻗﺘﺎب ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫☺َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻘﻰ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘَﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺪﻟﻖ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِ ﱠ ُ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻄﻴﻒ ِ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ ِ َإﻟﻴْ ِﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر[‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ] َ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻰ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﲈر ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪور ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻨ َْﻬﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ؟ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮن‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ََُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪ََ :‬ﺑﲆ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ؟ َأ َ ْﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﺮ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﳖﻰ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ‬ ‫وآﺗﻴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫آﻣﺮ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ آﺗﻴﻪ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ«‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﲣﺮج أﻣﻌﺎؤه ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺘﺎب ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٠٩٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ » .(٢٩٨٩‬ﻓﺘَﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻟﻖ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴎﻳﻌﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ :(٥٢ /١٣‬اﻟﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ اﳌ ُﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﱠ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف‬ ‫وﱄ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮت أ ﱠﻪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻻﻳﺔ وﻟﻮ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﳜﺸﻰ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﲆ أﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وإﱃ ذﻟﻚ أﺷﺎر ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ » :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ أن َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺮى أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْﺠﻮ َ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻣﲑا‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻓﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺘﻪ أن ﻳﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ َ ً‬ ‫أﻗﻮل ﻟﻸﻣﲑ ﱠإﻧﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳌﺘﻤﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ذم ﻣﺪاﻫﻨﺔ اﻷﻣﺮاء ﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وإﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫إﻧﻪ َ ْ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮرت َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﴎي‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ُ ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺲْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻬﻢ ِ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ُ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء؟ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ِﰊ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺎرﻳﺾ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ َ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮض َ ُ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ٍ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﱪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮون اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺴﻮن َأ ْ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻓﻼ َ ْ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﻠﻮن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم ﱡ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫وﳖﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﺑﻤﻌﺮوف وﻻ ﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫إﺛﲈ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮوف‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ٌ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻞ أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪي ﰲ إﻃﻼﻗﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ إن ﻛﺎن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﺎم ُ َ َ ﱟ‬ ‫آﻣﺮ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛَُ‬ ‫ﴏا ًرا‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت وﻻ ﻳﺄ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ُ ُ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫وإﻋﺮاﺿﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲥﺎوﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت‪ ،‬وﻳﺄ ﻴﻬﺎ َ ُ ً‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ُ َ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٣١ ،١٢٠،١٨٠ /٣‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٣‬وأ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪ ،(٤٠٦٩‬وﻟﻪ‬ ‫ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮق ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎل ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ﻣﺎ ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬أن َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٧١ /٢ ،١٥٧ ،١٥٥ /١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪B A @ ? > = < ; : 9 S :‬‬ ‫‪P O N M L K J I H G F ED C‬‬

‫‪.(٧٩ ،٧٨ :a) R V U T S RQ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف واﻟﻨ ِﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ ِ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن؟‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ ﻣﻊ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻌﻨﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫أﺟﱰئ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﳎﺎزﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻌﻨﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﺑﺈﻃﻼق‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ؟ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫إﴎا َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻬﻢ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎزم ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ◙‪َ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮءون ِ ِ‬ ‫وأ ْﻨَﻰ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪< ; S :‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫إﻧﻜﻢ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أﳞﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس! ِ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫= > ?@ ‪َ ِ (١٠٥ :a) R F E D C B A‬إﱃ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل ﺣﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪي ﰲ »ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻗﱰاف اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ :(١٤٠‬وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﺟﺐ ﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف واﻟﻨﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺮ وﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﱂٌ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف ﻋﺎﱂٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺎع ِ‬ ‫ﺑﱰﻛﻪ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﴩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻏﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻌﻮﳖﺎ َ َ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫وإﲏ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ِﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإﻧﻜﻢ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻌﻤﻬﻢ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رأوا ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﲑوه َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻘﺎﺑﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ْﻜﺮ َوﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫أوﺷﻚ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٣٣٨‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢١٦٨‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٤٠٠٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪/١‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« )‪ :(٢٥٢ /١‬وﲨﻴﻊ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫رواة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫روي ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ .(٧‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎزم ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﺒﻪ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺒﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮة ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ٌ‬ ‫ﳚُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎت‪ُ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺮة ْ‬ ‫ْﺸﻂ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻋﲆ أﰊ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٠ /٨‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪،(١٦٧‬‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٧١ /٢‬ﴍح اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﲬﺮا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎع َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َُ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ َ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة‪َ ،‬أ َ ْﻢ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻮﻫﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺤﻮم‪َ ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W V U TS :‬‬

‫‪.(٤٧ :`) Rpo n m lk j ih g f e d cb‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ } | { S :‬‬ ‫¦ § ¨ © ‪´³ ² ±° ¯ ® ¬ « ª‬‬ ‫‪+ * ) (' & % $ # " ! » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ‬‬ ‫‪< ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 /. - ,‬‬ ‫=>?@ ‪KJI H GFEDCBA‬‬

‫‪.(١٦٦-١٦٣ :c) R T S R Q P O N M L‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﱪ اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺮدة َ ﱠﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺨﻬﻢ َ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺎﻟﻮا ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫إﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫أذاﺑﻮﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻠﻮﻫﺎ«‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤٦٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ ُ َ َ َ » .(١٥٨٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻤﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮال؛ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺒﻪ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٤١٥ /٤‬‬ ‫از ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪا ﺟﻮ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﻔﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن« )‪.(٣٤٨ ،٣٤٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺪ أﺧﺬوه َ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺒﻮا اﻟﺸﺒﺎك ﻳﻮم اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻃﻰ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫زﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﻨَﺎﻫﻲ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬا ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻬﻮد‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱠإﻧﻪ ☺ َ‬ ‫ﳖﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺎﻟﻮا ﰲ اﻻﺻﻄﻴﺎد َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺖ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳊﻴﺘﺎن ﻳﻮم اﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺄﺧﺬوﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮوا‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﺎدق َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻷﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﺤﺘﺎﻟﲔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ .‬ﻷن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻻﺻﻄﻴﺎد ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺴﺒﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﺣﺮام ﻷن اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻫﻮ اﻟﻜﻒ ﻋﲈ ﻳﻨﺎل ﺑﻪ اﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫أو اﳌﺒﺎﴍة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(١‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫أوﺟﺐ ا ﱠ ُ ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺳﻘﺎط َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ّ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وإﺳﻘﺎط َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﺔ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺋﻀﻪ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ْ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َِْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮم ا ﱠ ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرﻣﻪ‪َ ُ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﲢﻠﻴﻞ َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎح َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ أو أ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻣﻦ أ َ‬ ‫ﺎح ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﲠﺎ إﱃ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ ﱠﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺑﻨﻲ إﴎا َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬و َ ﺎ ورد‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﷲ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻳﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺋﻴﻞ ﱠﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺬاب ﻋﲇ ﺑﻨﻲ إﴎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰول‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻳﻠﻮا ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴ ِﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎح أو ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﲠﺎ إﱃ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮل اﷲ‪=S :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫> ? @ ‪1 0 / . - , S ،(٢٣٥ :^) R E D C B A‬‬

‫‪.(٤٤ :£) R 2‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧٠ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )ص ‪.(٢٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﴍا ـــ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٨٥‬ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق ْاﻟ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ ُ ُ - (٨٦‬‬ ‫ﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ - (٨٧‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻣﻮﻻه ﻣﻦ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل ٌ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ْ - (٨٨‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻨ َُﻌﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪه َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻃﻤﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪- (٨٩‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮا َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ا َﺎل ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﺳﺆال َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴐره‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (٩٠‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻈﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬب اﻟﺬي ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳋﻴﻼء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (٩١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻘﺎر ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (٩٢‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻇﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺨﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫)‪ - (٩٣‬ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺐ أن ُ َ‬ ‫ًُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ - (٩٤‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ - (٩٥‬ﱢ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٩٦‬اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﲣﺒﻴﺐ اﳌﺮأة ﻋﲆ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ُ ِ ْ - (٩٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم ﺑﲈ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (٩٨‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ َ ِ - (٩٩‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺾ ْ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (١٠٠‬‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﳐﺎدﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻢ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ - (١٠١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼك‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪- (١٠٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم وﻫﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﲈع‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (١٠٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺿﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻏﺘﻴﺎب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (١٠٤‬‬ ‫واﳋﻮض ﰲ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ - (١٠٥‬أن ﻳﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﻬﺘﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮل ﰲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮوﻫﺔ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫)‪ - (١٠٦‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ َ‬ ‫)‪َ - (١٠٧‬ذا َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎب ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (١٠٨‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ أو ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﻣﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫وزورا‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ َ ً‬ ‫ﲠﺘﺎﻧﺎ ُ ً‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (١٠٩‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (١١٠‬‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺪ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ - (١١١‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﳉﺪال َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ - (١١٢‬إﻳﺬاء اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ وﻣﻌﺎداﲥﻢ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ - (١١٣‬اﳊﺴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١١٤‬ﻓﺴﺎد ِ‬ ‫ذات َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫وﳐﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫)‪ُ - (١١٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻠﻪ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫)‪- (١١٦‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(١٨ :g) RÏ Î Í Ì ËS :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪.(٤٤ :c) R > = < ; : 9 8 7S :‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ‪Ñ Ð ÏÎ Í Ì Ë Ê É ÈS :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫‪R * ) (' & % $ # " ! Ö Õ Ô Ó Ò‬‬

‫)‪.(٤٣ ،٤٢ :j‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤـ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُأ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻋﺮوة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫ ﻗﺎل‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺰام َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎس َ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺴﻮا ِﰲ ِْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎم‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻴﻤﻮا ِﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﳖﻢ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎط ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ﱠ َ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ُﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫وأﻣﲑﻫﻢ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﲠﻢ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻠﻮا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ََََ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٤٤٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٧٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦١٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﲇ‬ ‫وَ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻠﺘﻪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ َ‪c b a ` _ ^ ] S :‬‬ ‫ﻠﻈﺎﱂ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﺬه َﱂ ْ ُ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫إذا َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪.(١)(١٠٢ :g) R i h g f ed‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺪوان‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ ﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﳊﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻫﻲ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ وإن ﻛﺎن َ ً‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻼق‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪  :‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وإذ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ْ ِ َ } (٢٣٥ :^) R E D C B A @ ? > = S :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﲈن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻈﻪ َﻳﺎ ُﺑﻨ ﱠَﻲ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﴩ ْك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ{ ]ﻟﻘﲈن‪.[١٣ :‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻨﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻈﻠﻢ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َك َ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫إن ﱢ ْ‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫‪ْ َ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ َأو َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِدﻳﻨ ٌَﺎر َ َ‬ ‫أن َﻻ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ََْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺤﻠﻠﻪ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫درﻫﻢ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺎت َ‬ ‫ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.(١٨٨ :^) R o n m l kS‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٦٨٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٨٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٨٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٢٤٤٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫وﺑﲔ ُأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎس ُ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﻓﻌﻦ أﰊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ْﺑﻴﻨ َُﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ! ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َأ َﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َِ َِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷرض ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أرﺿﲔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ا َ ْ ِ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﱪ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ َ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫»َ ُْ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‪.(٢)«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻞ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِﻴﻪ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩﻳﺪ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫» َﱄ ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪ُ َ َ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺪ ُﳛ ﱡﻞ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻻ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳊﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ـ ـ ﻓﻴﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ‬ ‫‪ْ َ ‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎ ﻣﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎءه َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ْ ِ ،‬إذ َﺟ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ ً َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٤٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦١٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٢٨٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٥٦٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٢٢٧ /١٠‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻄﻞ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻄﻞ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺮام‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻖ َأداؤه‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ :‬اﳌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎء ﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﻄﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻊ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ٌ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺬور‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻏﻨﻴﺎ وﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ا ﺎل أو‬ ‫ﺣﺮام؛‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷداء َ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻔﻬﻮم اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻷ ﱠﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ذﻟﻚ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز ﻟﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٦٢٨‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦٩٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٤٢٧‬وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫)‪ .(٣٨٨ ،٢٢٢ /٤‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫ )‪َ » :(٤١ /١٠‬ﱄ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺪ«‪ :‬أي‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻞ اﻟﻘﺎدِر ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪاﺋﻦ أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻪ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫دﻳﻨﻪ‪ .‬واﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬إذا َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﺪد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﴈ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﱂ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﺣﺮﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا‬ ‫وﺣﺒﺴﻪ ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻚ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺄدﻳﺒﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‪ ،‬واﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱂ َأره‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻞ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪» .‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤١٤ /١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬ ‫وﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬إذ ﱡ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻛﻔﻰ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﲥﻢ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮء‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ُ َُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺛﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻪ«)‪ .(١‬وﻗﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻚ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﳛِ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ِْ ً‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ‪V U T S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢)(٢٣٢ :^) R a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X W‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪° ¯ ® ¬ « ª © ¨ § ¦ S :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪.(١٩ :`) R ±‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻮوي أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬أﲨ ََﻊ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻧﻴﻔﻬﻢ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫واﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮره ﻫﻮ‬ ‫وأن َ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺬي ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺰوج‪ ،‬أو ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻋﻀﻞ اﳌﺮأة ﻫﻮ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ زوﺟﻬﺎ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ِ َ ﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٩٦‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺖ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮج اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ َ ،(٤٥٢٩‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﲥﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﱰﻛﻬﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻄﺒﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ َ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َﺰﻟﺖ‪.(٢٣٢ :^) R ] \ [ Z Y S :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻞ َﻓﻨ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ََ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﱠإﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﱠُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٤٢ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﰲ »روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ« )‪ُ ْ :(٦٥ /٧‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ ﺑﻪ إذا َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﺗﻜﺎب ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬أو إ ْﴏا ٍر ﻋﲆ َﺻﻐﲑة‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻜﻢ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛَِﱪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ََ» :‬أﻻ ُأ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ََ ِِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬أو ُ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫☺ ََ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َ َِْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﲈ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﰊ ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ْ َ ِ ﱞ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‪ُ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؟ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪َ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق َ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻪ«‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻪ؟‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻦ ﱠ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻒ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻦ ﱠ ُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َأ َﺎ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺐ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺐ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺐ َأ َ ُﺎه‪ ُ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ُ َ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪َ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺘﻤﻬﲈ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺷﺘﻤﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٧٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٩٠‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ :(٤٠٣ /١٠‬وإن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﱃ ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻌ ِﻨﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﴫﻳﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(٨٨ /٢‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄذﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ َﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳍﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄذى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ ﱢ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٣٥٨ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﱡ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َواﺛِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻀﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻚ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُﺎه َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﴪ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﲈت َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫إﱄ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻦ َﻳﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َذﺑﺢ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﻨ ََﺎر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻷرض«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪           -٣‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎق ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫»َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ ْ :‬ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬

‫‪ -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺿﺎء ا ﱠ ِ ِﰲ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺿﺎء ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ ِ ﰲ ﺳﺨﻂ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫وﺟﻮب ﱢﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﻗﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٧٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻮﻗﻮف أﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٨٩٩‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(٢‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ .(٤٢٩‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي ﳎﻬﻮل‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪.(٥١٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٧ /٨ ،٥٧٠ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ ُ :(١‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﻗﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ أ ﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس ♫)‪ :(٢‬وﻻ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ ُ ُ :(٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺎت ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُُ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺑﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮق ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم ِ‬ ‫ﴏﳛﻪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻨَﺎ ْﺑﻞ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪:(٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‪ُ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ُ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ ٌ‬ ‫أﻗﻮى ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﴩب‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱡﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷم َ‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َﱂْ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق ِ‬ ‫أوﴅ ﲠﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻷب؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻷب ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ َ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ♫)‪ :(٦‬ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮق؛ ﻓﻘﺎل ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻮق ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﺼﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‬ ‫أﻋﺘﻤﺪه‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ وﻓﻴﲈ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻬﻴﺎن ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬﲈ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼح‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮان ﺑﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄذﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم ﱡ‬ ‫♫‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳍﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄذى ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه ً‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ أو ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮق ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺔ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ورﺑﲈ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮﳘﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٢٣٨ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(١٣٣ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١١ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١١٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬اﳌﻨﻬﺎج« )‪.(٨٧ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ } | { z y x w S :‬‬

‫¦ § ¨© ‪.(٢٥ :i) R ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪W V U T S R Q P O N S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢٣ ،٢٢ :¬) R_ ^ ] \ [ Z Y X‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﻜﻠﺘﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪ R Q P O N S :(١‬أي‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮدوا إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ RW V U T S R S‬أي‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺎم؛ وﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻼء‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪\ [ Z Y S :‬‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻄﻌﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻔﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻣﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫اﻹﻓﺴﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫ﳖﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫] ^ _ ‪ R‬وﻫﺬا ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺎم ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺻﻼح ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻌﺎل ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺎرب ﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮال‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﺬل‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎن إﱃ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮغ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺄﺧﺬت ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻘﻮ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻪ‪ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎم َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺿﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻴﻌﺔ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ََ :‬ﺑﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻚ‪ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﻚ‪َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ْ » :‬اﻗﺮءوا ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺘﻢ‪Q P O N S :‬‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺬاك ﻟﻚ«‪ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٣١٨ /٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪_ ^ ] \[ZYXWVUT SR‬‬

‫` ‪.(١)(٢٤-٢٢ :¬) R g f e d c b a‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ْ » :‬اﻗﺮءوا ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺘﻢ‪R Q P O N S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫‪.«(٢٢ :¬) R W V U T S‬‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪£ ¢ ¡  ~ } | { z y x w v S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢٧ :^) R « ª © ¨§ ¦ ¥ ¤‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ» :‬ﻻ َﻳ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ ْﺑﻦ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺪﺧﻞ اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ا َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﺟﺪر َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻴﻌﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫‪  -٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٨٣٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٥٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٤٨٣١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٨٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٥٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٢٠ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫)‪ُ ِ :(١‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎن إﱃ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻹ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻷﺻﻬﺎر‪ ،‬ﱠ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﻄﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ذوي اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﻮاﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﲠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺿﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪوا أو أﺳﺎءوا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ إن ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺘﻬﺎ؛ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ِﻋﻴﺎض ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﲡﺐ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َر ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻢ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎﻛﺤﺘﻬﲈ؛‬ ‫ذﻛﺮا‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ُﻣﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ أ ﺜﻰ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻮال‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﲆ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺣﻢ‬ ‫أوﻻد‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈم‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫أوﻻد‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﱞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم وﻏﲑه‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳌﲑاث‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺎم ﰲ‬ ‫ذوي‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮي َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱠ َ ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ واﻷ ﺮ« )‪.(١٩٢ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ أَ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َ ﱡﺮ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮب«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮب‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺎك‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﻚ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﻚ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﻚ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻه ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل َ ُ ٌ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫دﻋﻲ َﻟﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺮع«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َﻌﻪ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﱠاﻟﺬي َﻣﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﻌﻪ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫إﻳﺎه‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ُ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺪه‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِذي َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺣﻢ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫أﺧﺮج ا َﻟﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﺨﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِِِ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄَ ُ ُﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﻳﺎه‪ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎه ا ﱠ ُ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ْ َ َ ﱠ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ َذا َرﲪﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﻤﻆ‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎع َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻄﻮق ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ َﳍﺎ‪ٌ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬أن ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻮﻻه وذا رﲪﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪة ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﲈ إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﻪ أو َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻه ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﺳﺄ َﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻣﻨ ُْﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺿﻄﺮاره إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ َِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة ا ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ِْﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬر ﻟﻪ ﰲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻻه«‪ :‬أي‪َ ِ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﴍف اﳊﻖ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫)‪َ » :(٥‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﺑﻰ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷرﺣﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫وذو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﱃ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬أي ُذو ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥١٣٩‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٨٩٧‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٦٦‬أﲪﺪ )‪/٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺎع«‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ .(٩٨‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻧﺤﴪ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﺔ‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ » ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎﰊ ♫ ﰲ »ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪ » :(١٥٠ /٤‬ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮع«‪ :‬اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة ُ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ رأﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﻔﺮي ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ‪ .‬وﻳﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪ .(٥٥٩٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ إﺳﺤﺎق ﺑﻦ اﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ )‪.(٢١٨ /١‬‬ ‫ﳌﻌﻨﺎه اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٧٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٩ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪.(٣٣ /١٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل َﲨ ًْﺮا‪ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻜﺜﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﻘﻞ َ ْأو َ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡً‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮا َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ُ ِ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻊ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬه ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأن اﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮه‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮى ﺑﻪ ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲑ َﲨ ًﺮا ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰال ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻋﺔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َُ‬ ‫ﳊﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪َ ِ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ذﻟﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﴩ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ﻻ ْ َ‬ ‫ووﺟﻬﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ ﻇﺎﻫﺮه؛ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴐورة‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻧﺒﻪ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﺳﺄل ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺆاﻻ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮا ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل َ َ ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٤١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪(١٣١ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٤٧٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٤٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪ »،(٥٧٤ /٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٣٠ /٧‬‬ ‫ﺳﺆال ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻤﻌﺎ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺜ ًﺮا ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪق ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﲈل أو‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل ﰲ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪:(٣٠٤ /١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﱡ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ـ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ ـ ـ ﳍﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ُ ْ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ :(٣٠٦ /١‬ﱡ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ± S :‬‬

‫‪.(٦١ :_) RÊ É È Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫آﻳﺔ اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﻠﻒ‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أرﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ُﻛﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫َْ ٌ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨ ِ ً‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق َﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪ِ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وإذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺮ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫إذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ ََ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻫﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻤﺮة ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪب‪ْ َ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻴْﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻔﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻖ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ُ ٍ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻮب ِﻣﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َِ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وإذا ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ َ ﱡ ٍ ْ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ َ ٌ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وإذا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﴩ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﻲ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻧﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻮل ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴ ْﻨ َُﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺨﺮه ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻗﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷول‪َ ،‬ﻓﲈ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻧﺐ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِﺑﻪ ِﻣﺜْ َﻞ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮغ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻮد َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻷوﱃ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔﻌﻞ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺮة ُ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ا ﱠ ِ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ ﱠ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎﻻَ ِﱄ‪ِ ِ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪ْ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬان؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َأ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‪ ..‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٩٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺪو ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱠ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻴْﻨ ُُﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺨﺮه ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻗﻪ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴍ ْ ُُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺎه‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻠﻎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺬب َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬﺑﺔ َ ْﺗﺒ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﻓﺎق‪.«..‬‬ ‫َ ْﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳞﺪي ِ َإﱃ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫إن ﱢ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎ‪ ِ َ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫وإن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺪي ِ َإﱃ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َِﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﺪق َ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ َ‬ ‫وإن ِ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳞﺪي ِ َإﱃ ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫وإن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺪي ِ َإﱃ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺬب َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮر‪َ ،‬وإ ﱠن ُ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬاﺑﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻢ ِ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺮه ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻢ َﱂ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن َ ْأو‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََِْ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﲑﺗﲔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﻧﻚ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮون ِﻣﻨْﻪ ﺻﺐ ِﰲ ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ُ ﱢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ب‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺬ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ﱡ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أذﻧﻪ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ ِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ ً‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ ِﻨ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ َ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أذﻳﺐ ِﰲ ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻬﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫أذﻧﻪ ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ ٍ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎذﺑﺎ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻵﻧﻚ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َوﻻ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎﻗﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺬب َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ ٌَ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﲑة َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٩٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٠٧‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٧٠٤٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮي َﻋﻴْﻨ َْﻴﻪ ﰲ ا ْﳌَﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎم َﻣﺎ َﱂْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫»إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧١ /٦‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أﲪﺪ )‪ (٥٠٤ /٢‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺎه‪» .‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧١ /٦‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮي َﻋﻴْﻨ َْﻴﻪ ﰲ ا ْﳌَﻨَﺎ ِم َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ِ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻘﻊ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﻋﻦ َوا ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮى َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮي َﻋﻴْﻨ َُﻪ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ َﺗﺮ‪.«..‬‬ ‫أو ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٦‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ٌ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺪة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺬب ِ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ٌ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‪ٌ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬي ُﳛَ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻳﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺪث َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻀﺤﻚ ِﺑﻪ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪           -٧‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ذر ◙ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ﱢ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫َﻔﻖ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ«‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ُ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎذب«‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب‪.‬‬ ‫أرﻛﺎﳖﺎ‬ ‫وأﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ »اﻟﻴﻤﲔ اﻟﻐﻤﻮس«‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫زان‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬاب‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺋﻞ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻰ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮء َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤَﻊ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺪث ِ ُ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢ /٥‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٩٠‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٣١٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى‬ ‫)‪.(١١٠٦١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ »اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ« )‪.(١٠ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﴪﺧﴘ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫أﺣﻮاﻟﻪ اﻟﻜﺬب ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬إن ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدﺗﻪ اﻟﻜﺬب وﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر ﻣﻦ ﲢﲆ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﳋﻠﻖ اﻟﺬﻣﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﻔﺎق‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬب ﻹﺿﺤﺎك اﻟﻨﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ اﳌﺒﺎﻫﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮة؛‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ ًة وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻢ؛ ﳌﺠﻲء‬ ‫رﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺎذب‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬب اﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬاب)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ أﺧﺮى؛‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬاب‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮء‬ ‫داﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﲢﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﱢ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺬب‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻹﻓﺮاد ﻫﺬا ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل؛ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أ ﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم)‪ :(٣‬ﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب ﻋﲆ إﻧﺴﺎن َ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ إذا َ‬ ‫ﲤﺮة ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﺒﺴﻮط )‪» ،(٣٧٥ /٣٠‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٧٠) ٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٣٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪،(٣٢٢ /٢‬‬ ‫َﺤﺾ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب اﳌ ْ ُ‬ ‫»ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٢٧٨‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﴪﺧﴘ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻴﺎد‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻟﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬاب ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﴐورة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب إن ﻛﺎن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴐر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ أو َ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٥٩٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٨٦ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫• ‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ‬ ‫ذر ◙‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪.«..‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ َﻣﺎ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ داﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻛﺒﲑة اﻟﻜﺬب‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪» ،‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(١٨٤ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(١٣٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻢ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا وﻫﻮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺎل ِﰲ ِ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أو ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺘﻪ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﲑ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫»َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎل«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َﻗﺎَل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺎل َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺐَ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﱪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫إن ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ذرة ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ْ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻤﻂ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺐ ََْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨ ًَﺔ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ َﲨِ ٌﻴﻞ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫ََُُْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻧﻌﻠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﲈل‪ُ ْ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮدل ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﱪﻳﺎء«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺔ َ ْ َ ٍ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ْ َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ«‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺬم‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ؛ وﻫﻮ » َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﱪ اﻟﺬي ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﻂ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﲡﱪا‪ ،‬و» َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺺ« وﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«‪ ،‬وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وإﻧﻜﺎره ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫دﻓﻌﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻌﺎ َ َ ﱡ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻘﺎر اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨًﻰ َواﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﻤﺖ اﳉَﻨ ُﱠﺔ َواﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﺳﻘﻄﻬﻢ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﲠﲈ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﺎء اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ َ ُ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫رب! َﻣﺎ َ َﳍﺎ ﻻَ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ اﳉَﻨ ُﱠﺔ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َِّ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١١٨ /٢‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٦٠ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﲢﺎﺟﺖ اﳉﻨ ُﱠﺔ واﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻜﱪﻳﻦ‪ .(١)«..‬وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر‪ُ ْ ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أوﺛﺮت ِ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﺠﱪﻳﻦ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ُ ِْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻜﱪﻳﻦ َ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫أوﺛﺮت ِ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻻ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫وأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رداؤه‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﻨ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﺘﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫» ْ ِﱡ‬ ‫َﺎزﻋﻨﻲ َ ﱠ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﱪﻳﺎء ِ َ ُ ُ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰ ِ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إزاره‪ُ َ ِ ْ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛﺔ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺰاﻋﻲ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﺐ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أﻻَ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ اﳉ َﻨ ِﱠﺔ؟ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ا ﱠ َﻷ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﻌﻒ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺮه‪َ .‬أﻻَ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاظ‪ٍ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«)‪ .(٣‬زاد ﻣﺴﻠﻢ)‪ٍ ِ َ » :(٤‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ُﱡ‬ ‫زﻧﻴﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻮاظ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ ْ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻌﻈﺮي«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ ْ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪َ » :(٥‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫واﳉﻮاظ«‪:‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫وﻻ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴩ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳛَُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻜﱪون ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬر‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫ﳾء َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ْ ُ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜﺎل ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ُْ َ َ ﱢ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻮﻫﻢ ُ ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﺎر‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻮن ْ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر ْاﻷَ ْ َ ِ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻨًﺎ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮا ْ‬ ‫َﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻮﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺲ‪ْ ُ َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻨ َِﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎرةِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل‪َ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٤٤٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٩١٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٥٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ]‪ .[(٢٨٥٣)-٤٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ ُ ُ ْ » :(١٨٧ /١٧‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﰲ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﻞ«‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺤﻢ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮع‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ َ ْ » .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﰲ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻮاظ«‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﺎل ﰲ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻮع اﳌَﻨ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﲔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺼﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﲑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮم َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻴﻢ«‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮ‪ » .‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٠١‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد )‪ِ َ ْ َ ْ » :(١٠٩ /١٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻌﻈﺮﱡي«‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻜﱪ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺪح ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪع ُ‬ ‫َُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٤٩٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٧٩ /٢‬ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼن‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ورواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺘﺤﺮر‪ُ .‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ داود ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﺑﻮر ـ ـ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﻼن َ ٌ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞﺎم )‪ ،(٦٠٦ /٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻤﻴﺪي ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه )‪ ،(٦٠٩‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪   -٤‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ٌ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫زان‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫وﳍﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ٌ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ْ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬاب‪ٌ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﱠ ٌ‬ ‫وﻋﺎﺋﻞ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ ِﰲ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﺑﻴْﻨ ََﲈ َ ُ ٌ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻞ ُﲨ َ ُﱠﺘﻪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫إذ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ا ﱠ ُ ِﺑﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺠﺒﻪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ُُِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﻠﺠﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٦‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رداءه؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُْﻬْﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪﻳﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎزع ا ﱠ َ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫رداءه ْ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰة‪«...‬‬ ‫وإزاره ْ ِ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َِ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎوي ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (٣‬‬ ‫ﻮاع ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ﱠإﻣﺎ ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎ َﱃ وﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ أ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱡِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وادﻋﻴﺎ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﻨ َ َ‬ ‫وﻧﻤﺮود‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻜﱪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻜﻔﺎ أن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٧٨٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(١٩٢) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٢٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٠٩ /١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪ .(٤٣٨ /٤‬وﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳋﻴﻼء ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺨﺮ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ِ ْ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺠﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬ا‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺠﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳋﻴﻼء‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺨﺮ‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳋﻴﻼء‪.‬‬ ‫واﳋﻴﻼء‪ .‬وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺠﺐ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١١٨ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﱪا‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎدا‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻼ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨ ً‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﻋﲆ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺؛ ﺑﺄن َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎد ﻟﻪ؛ ﱡ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻰ اﷲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎر ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺰدرﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄ ﻰ ﻋﲆ اﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎدِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳛﺘﻘﺮ ﻏﲑه َ ِ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎ ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻈﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎد؛ ﺑﺄن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دون ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎواﺗﻪ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ إﻻ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻳﺄ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫إﺛﻤﻪ أ ًﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ادﻋﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺨﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺨﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫واﻟﴩف)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﱪ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫• ‪‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ ِﻟﺒﺲ َﺛﻮب ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮة َأ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ َ َْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َﺛﻮب َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻟﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ْ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪َ» :‬ﺛْﻮَب ُﺷْﻬَﺮةٍ« أي‪ :‬ﺛﻮب َ ﱡ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﱪ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺎﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎوي ♫‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﺑـ »َﺛْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮةٍ«‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫رﺗﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وإﻻ َ َ ﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ب ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﴪ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﱪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫واﻹذﻻل ﲠﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﻜﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ُ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎﺧﺮ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮاﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪» ،(١٥٧‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ واﻷ ﺮ« )‪.(٤١٨ /٣‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٦٠٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٩٢ /٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﴍﻳﻚ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داو )‪،(٤٠٢٩‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳼء اﳊﻔﻆ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ُﳛ ﱡﺴﻦ ﲠﺎ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق )‪.(١٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷ ﺮار« )‪» (١٤٤ /٣‬ﻣﺮﻗﺎة اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ« )‪» ،(٢٧٨٢ /٧‬ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪،(٢١٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪   ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﺳﺪوا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ِ ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪاﺑﺮوا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻏﻀﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﺟﺸﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َﺗﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎد‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﻮﻧﻮا َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ َ ْ ٍ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻊ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻠﻤﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨَﺎ«‪،‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮى َ ُ‬ ‫ﻘﺮه ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳛ ُُ‬ ‫ﳜُُُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫إﺧﻮاﻧﺎ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﲑ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ُ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻﺪره َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻘﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳛ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‪ْ ِ ْ َ ِ » ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ ﱠ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُْ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻋﺮ ُ ُ‬ ‫دﻣﻪ‪ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ« ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻘﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َﳛْ َ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ْ ِ ْ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻘﺎر اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻄﺮ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ َﺑ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ ْ ْ » :‬‬ ‫وﻏﻤﻂ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻘﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ َ :(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٦٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٩٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ☺            ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ِ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ُ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺰ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎه َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رأوه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َْ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﺟﻠﺴﺎ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮان ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ﱠَ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل َ ً‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ َﺑﻨُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﻈﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ورد َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِﲪ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎء َ َ‬ ‫َﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﻛﻢ‪ْ .(٢)« ...‬‬ ‫دﻧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﻮا ِ َإﱃ َ ﱢ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ‪ُ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻪ؛ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎم‬ ‫واﺣﱰاﻣﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄس‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﲑا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﲈ إذا ﱠ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬أن ُﳛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻇﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺨﺎرا أو‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن أن َ‬ ‫ًُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫إﻛﺮاﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻼ ﱠﻳﺘﺠﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳌﻮدة‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ِﺷﻌﺎرا ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﲈد ♫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٩٣ ،٩١ /٤‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥٢٢٩‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٧٥٥‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺢ واﻷوﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ِﺳﻮاه ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ .(٩٧٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳛ ِ‬ ‫َﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻠﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﻬﻲ وﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮض َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ُ ﱠ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا ﻓﻼ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻣﻮا ﻟﻪ أو ﱂ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳜﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﱂ ْ ْ‬ ‫وا َﳌﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا ‪» .‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪.(٥٣ /١١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮا أو ﱂ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٠٤٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٦٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٣٠١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٨٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﲔ َ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﺎت ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء‪ َ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﻨ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺜﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫واﳌﱰﺟﻼت ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﻢ« َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻮﻫﻢ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮج اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ْ ُ ُ ِ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ُ ًَ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺎ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﺧﺮج ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﺔ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‪َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮأة َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻬﻮن ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺒﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳐﻨﱠﺜﻲ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﲔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪.(٤)«..‬‬ ‫واﳌﱰﺟﻼت َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء‪ َ َ ُ ْ ،‬ﱢ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ِ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺒﺲ‬ ‫إن ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻠﺔ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء«)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﱠﻌﻞ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ﱠ ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٨٨٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٥٨٨٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٠٩٨‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٢٥ /٢‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻴﲈﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ ) ‪ ،(٢٨٩ ،٢٨٧ /٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٠٩٩‬واﳊﻤﻴﺪي ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه )‪.(٢٧٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أة ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫☺‪ٌ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن ْ‬ ‫اﳌﱰﺟﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﺔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪.«..‬‬ ‫ُْ َ َ ﱢ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﲣﺎﻧﺚ وﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ،(١)‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻓﺤﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍَ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺌﺔ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮأة ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﴚ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎس‪ٍ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲣﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺌﺔ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺻﻮت)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﻣﴚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪» ،(٤١٠ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٥٢) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪،(٢٩١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٥٦ /١‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬وﲣﻨ ُﱡﺚ ا ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺟﻞ اﳌﺮأة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﺼﺼﻦ ﺑﻪ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎس‪ ،‬أو ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻜﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ؛ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎء ﻓﻴﲈ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ﱢﺴﺎء ﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺎس واﻟ ﱢﺰﻳﻨَﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﱪي‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل ﱠ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﱢ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪ ،‬وﻻ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻛﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬واﳌ َْﴚ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﱰق ِزي ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﺎﳍﻢ ﰲ ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮب ٍ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻻ َ ِ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ؛ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺘﺎز اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺘﺎر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫‪ِ ُ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﺎت ِﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء«‪ :‬أي‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﱰﺟﻼت َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺌﺔ‪ً َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﲈ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪،(٣٣٢ /١٠‬‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ رأ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮت‪،‬‬ ‫ورﻓﻊ‬ ‫وﻣﺸﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫زﻳﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫»ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪.(١٨٩ /١٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺈﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ .. :‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫»َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮن ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻳﻮث‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫دﻳﻮث«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﱢ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻦ ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻐﺎﻓﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺪاﻗﺎ ً‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﱰﻓﻌﻪ إﱃ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫أﻃﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻴﻼ أو ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺟﺰ أو‬ ‫ﻷن ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ دﻳﻨًﺎ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺎر َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﲑة ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻻ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ دون ﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻠﺐ َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ َ ْ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮض ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻮث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻋﻔﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺚ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ّ ّ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻮث‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ّاﻟﺬي ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ )‪ ،(٦٧٧‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲈر‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪه ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪ُ (١‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﴘ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪ ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٧ /١٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن ‪ ،(٢٥٠) ١‬ن‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪» ،(١٨٦‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪،(٢٥٦ /١‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(١٦٤‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٨‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(٢٠٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪» ،(١٥٠ /٢‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪» ،(١٤٧ /٢‬ﴍح اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ« )‪.(٨٠ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ أ ﻪ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻَ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺬﺑﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ » :‬إﳖﲈ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َُ َ‬ ‫ﱠَُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْﺑﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ«‪ .‬وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪َ » :‬ﺑﲆ ﱠإﻧﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .(١ :ç) R 5 4 3 2 S :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي)‪ِ :(١‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ أن ً‬ ‫ﻗﱪه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ُ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻤﺰة‪ :‬اﻟﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫إن َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ َ ُﻟﻪ‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳘﺎم ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺬ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ِ َإﱃ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺔ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎت«)‪ .(٢‬وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﲈم«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫َﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﲨﻌﺖ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫وأﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳌﻨﺬري ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪.(٦١٦ /٢٤‬‬ ‫ﱠﲈم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٥٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ َ ْ » .(١٠٥‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﺎت«‪ :‬اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ« )‪.(٣٢٤ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﰲ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﻮا َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺎء‪ :‬اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِْْ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻹﻓﺴﺎد َ ْﺑﻴﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫• ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﻮﺷﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﻋﻨﺪ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﺎم‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﱠَ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﴏﳛﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻹﻓﺮاده ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺖ ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(١٨٢ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٧ /٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ﰲ »إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ :(٣٥‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ واﻟﻨ ِﱢﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﻓﻴﻬﲈ‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﺪة ﰲ ﴍح اﻟﻌﻤﺪة )‪ُ .(١٤٤ /١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺳ َﺒﻖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١١٢ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪،(١٦٤‬‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٩٧ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٨‬اﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ اﻟﺪواﲏ« )‪ .(٢٨٠ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اع اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﴍ ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ أ ﻮ ِ‬ ‫اح ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ﱠﻔﺮاوي‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎ ُﻳﺔ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ ـ ـ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳑﻘﻮت َ‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﰲ ﱠأﳖﺎ ـ ـ أي اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹد َﻻء ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎﻳﺔ وﻫﻲ ْ‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ أ ﻮاﻋﻬﺎ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ َْ َِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺐ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أو َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﱢ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺋﻦ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﺊ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻜﺔ‪.(٢)«...‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺧﺐ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ٌ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫إﻓﺴﺎدﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﲣﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻋﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٥٢ /٥‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪.(٣٢٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ِ ْ ،(٤ /١‬‬ ‫وﻣﺪاره‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٩٤٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪،(٣٦٩١‬‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﱠ َ ّ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٣٤ ،٤٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﴩ ِق«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻌﺪ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫ِ َ َ َ َ َﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﻠﻢ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻜﻠﻢ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ َ ً‬ ‫درﺟﺎت‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وإن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ُ ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺿﻮان ا ﱠ ‪ ،‬ﻻ َ ُ ْﻳﻠﻘﻲ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳞﻮي ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ ‪ ،‬ﻻَ ُ ْﻳﻠﻘﻲ َ َﳍﺎ َ ً ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬أو ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ ً‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻼم ﺑﲈ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺑﲔ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄل ﻋﲆ اﷲ‪ ،‬أو ﻧﴩ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وزوﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺔ‪ ،‬أو ِ َ‬ ‫َ ﱟ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﳌﺮء‬ ‫رﺣﻢ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ُ ٍ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦١٦٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪» .(٢٦٤٠‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺤﻬﺎ وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺪﺑﺮﻫﺎ وﻻ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ«‪ :‬ﻻ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﻖ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ِ َ » .‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﱰب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪ :‬ﻳﻨ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٤٧٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٨٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٤ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٦٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(١٨٩ /١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ اﷲ ﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﳍﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس واﺑﻦ‬ ‫♫ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴐرﻫﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠﳑﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﻂ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺘﴩ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪﲥﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪   -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أرﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ُﻛﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫َْ ٌ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠ ٌﺔ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﺎ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪ِ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن‪.«..‬‬ ‫إذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ ََ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﻠﻒ‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َﺧﺎَن«‪.‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫َﺎر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض ْ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﺷﻌﻲ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِﲪ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﻻ َزﺑﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِﰲ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫َْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻢ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫واﳋﺎﺋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ً‬ ‫أﻫﻼ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻃﻤﻊ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘﻐﻮن َ ْ ً‬ ‫َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪.(١)«..‬‬ ‫دق ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳜ َﻔﻰ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫َ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َﻻ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻧﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﲈن َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﻈﻬﺮي‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٦٥‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ وﺷﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٥١ ،٢١٠ ،١٥٤ ،١٣٥ /٣‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪،(١٩٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﰲ ﴍح اﳌﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ« )‪» ،(٣٣٠ /٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن ‪» ،(٢٨٠) ١‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻮزن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪:‬‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(١٠١ /٢ ،٤٤٢ ،٢٩٧ /١‬ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل أﺧﺮى‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب )ص‪.(١٢ :‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪِة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻧﻘﻀﺎء ِ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫واﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺴﻮق‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳌﻈﻬﺮي ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل‬ ‫واﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﴏ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﺒﺎ‪ ،‬أو َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫وﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ إذﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﺑﺄي‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ْ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺋﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻚ ﰲ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻚ ﰲ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﺎﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺲ َ ْ‬ ‫وارﺗﻜﺐ ا َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﴚء‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر‬ ‫وإﺧﻔﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ واﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﷲ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫وإﺑﻄﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎر اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫☺‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاء اﷲ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫واﻟﴩ ِك‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻻة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻛﺎة ـ ـ وﻫﻮ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫» َأرﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ُﻛﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُﻣﻨ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﺎ َ ً‬ ‫َْ ٌ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪َ ِ َ .. :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪.«..‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻫﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﻠﻒ‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن«‪.‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮاء َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﺮى ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﺼﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ُ :‬ﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮاء‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪرﺗﻪ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺼﺐ ِ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ِ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر‬ ‫اﷲ ْ َ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ َ ْ ِ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َﲨَ َﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺪرة ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ِ ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻮاء‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮاء ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ٍ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر ِﻟﻮاء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺪره‪َ َ ،‬أﻻ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ٍ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺪرا ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ َ ْ ً ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣١٨٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٣٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣١٨٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٣٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٣٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬهِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر ِﻟﻮاء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ٍ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻏﺪرة ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َُْ‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر ِﻟﻮاء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ُ ِ » :‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻟﻪ«‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ٍ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺎء ً‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ‬ ‫راﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ؛ وذﻟﻚ أﳖﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎب‬ ‫☺‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮداء؛ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻐﺪر ً‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺎدر؛‬ ‫وﻳﻤﺪﺣﻮه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻈﻤﻮه‬ ‫اﻟﻮﰲ؛‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻬﺮوا ﺑﻪ‬ ‫راﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺬﻣﻮه‪ ،‬وﻳﻠﻮﻣﻮه ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻓﻴﻬﻢ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻘﺘﴣ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪره‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم‪َ ُ .‬‬ ‫ِ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﺬا ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺬﻣﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎدر ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻬﺮ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺪر؛ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ذﻟﻚ؛ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫‪☺ -٣‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ ُ ‪ٌ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َأ َﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻨ َُﻪ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع ُﺣﺮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪر‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِﰊ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﲑا َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﺮه«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ ً ْ ْ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺮح َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪا َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٥‬‬ ‫ﺲ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ّ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﲈن َ ْ‬ ‫»ﻻ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧٣٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(٢٢٥ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ .(٢٢٢٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪َ ْ َ » :(٤١٨ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪر«‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ِﰊ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻀﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ﻳﻤﻴﻨَﻪ ِﰊ‪ ،‬أي‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪا َ َ‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻫﺪ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻐﺪر ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.(١)‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪َ ،‬وﺗﺮك ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ِ ِﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺾ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪  :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪c S :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻊ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫إﺧﻼف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة وﻻ َ‬ ‫‪rqp onmlkjih gfed‬‬ ‫‪£ ¢¡~}|{z y xwvuts‬‬

‫‪.(٧٧-٧٥ :e) R © ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤‬‬ ‫إﺧﻼف ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﻳﺔ اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﻠﻒ‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اؤﲤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا ْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ِ :(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺧﻼف ْ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن ‪ ،(٣٢٣) ١‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺎدر ﺑﺄﻣﲑه‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﰲ ن ‪ُ ْ :(٢٢٨) ٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜ ُﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﻮﻓﺎء َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ُ َ :(١٨١ /١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒِﻨَﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪوب ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎء‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮر ﰲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﺟﺐ وﰲ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أوﺟﺒﻪ اﷲ أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪ .‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬إﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﺗﺎرة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺎرة‬ ‫واﻟﻮاﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰة‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺪوب‬ ‫وﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﳊﺮام ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٦٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫َﺎر ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎض ْ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﺷﻌﻲ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِﲪ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِﰲ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‪ٌ ُ َ َ .. :‬‬ ‫وأﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫َْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴘ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ُِ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪.(١)«..‬‬ ‫ﺎدﻋﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﺸﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫واﳋﺪاع ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﳌﻜﺮ َ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫واﳋﺪﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳐﺎدﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ُ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮ ِ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ☺‪ٌ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺎرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﺎر ِ ِﺑﻪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫وﻣﻀ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺳﻨ َُﺪه ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٨٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺟﻴﺪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٦٧‬واﻟﻘﻀﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﻬﺎب )‪ ،(٣٥٤‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﲈن ﺑﻦ اﳍﻴﺜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ اﳉﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮد‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ زر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺮد اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳾء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن‪» ،(٣١٣) ٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٤٠٦ /١‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬إذ ُ‬ ‫واﳋﺪﻳﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ن‪ .١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﲠﲈ إﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﲈ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ِ ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ .‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه أ ﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻨْﺪي‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٩٤١‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺨﻲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﻨَﻊ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟٌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ اﷲ َ ُ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ِﰲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رواﻳﺘﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ«‪،‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫زاد ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼك«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﺒﻞ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﺎه«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ُ ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺜﻲ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ َأ َﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ْ‬ ‫أﲪ َُﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ْ َ ْ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ٍْ‬ ‫أﺧﻨ ََﻊ؟ َﻓ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫أوﺿﻊ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‪َ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو َ ْ‬ ‫وأﻏﻴﻈﻪ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﷲ ِ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﻏﻴﻆ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ُ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫وأﺧﺒﺜﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼك‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﷲ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ‬ ‫ذﻻ وﺻﻐﺎرا ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨ َُﺎه َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ً َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‪َ ِ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻛﺬب‬ ‫أي‪َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺚ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﺠﺮ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﻨ َُﻊ‪ْ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﲈء‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪ َ :(٣‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺜﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ رأ ُﺖ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ وإ ْن ﱂ ْ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٢٠٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٤٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٢٢ /١٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٥٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﲢَ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ِ َإﱃ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ ُْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮه ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﲑﺗﲔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻢ َﱂ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﻧﻚ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮون ِﻣﻨْﻪ ﺻﺐ ِﰲ ُ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.«..‬‬ ‫أو َ ﱡ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫أذﻧﻪ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﳑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن‪» ،(٣١٥) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦٧ / ٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٥٢‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﴪوﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺎ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻻ ُﳛِ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﲈع إﱃ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ٍ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﲈﻋﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﻮن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻇﻬﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻊ إﱃ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮن ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺬاب ﰲ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷذﻧﲔ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪    -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .(١ :ç) R 5 4 3 2 S :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫»َﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﺰ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫واﳍﻤﺰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﳘﺎز« ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫أﺻﻠﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﳊﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺰ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاض اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﺑﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮن‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺘﺎب ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﳘﺎز‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻪ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮرد ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪاد ◙ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ِ ُْ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻤﻪ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎ ِ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﻛﻠﺔ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ًََْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﻮه‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ا ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ا ﱠ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﴘ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺔ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ِ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ورﻳﺎء َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎم ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎم ُ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ا ﱠ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ورﻳﺎء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ َِ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﰊ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ » :‬ﱠﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺲ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮج ِﰊ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻮم َﳍﻢ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳜُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎس‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺻﺪورﻫﻢ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻇﻔﺎر ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻮن ُ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺮرت ِ َﺑﻘ ْ ٍ ُ ْ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ ِ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء َﻳﺎ ِ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺿﻬﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳊﻮم اﻟﻨ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻌﻮن ﰲ َ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ أ ﻪ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮج‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن« )‪ .(١٥٩ /٢٣‬وأﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎدة ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﳊﻮم ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛ ُﻞ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫)‪ِ َ :(٦١٧ /٢٤‬‬ ‫ﳊﻮم اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﻤﺰة َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٨١‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(٢٤٠‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻟﺲ وﻗﺪ ﻋﻨﻌﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻮﺑﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢٩ /٤‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٢٧ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﻌﻨﺔ اﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﲔ إﱃ وﻗﺎص ﺑﻦ رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٩٣٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٧٨‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢٤ /٣‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﳌﻐﲑة اﳋَ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﻻﲏ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أ ﺲ‪ .‬وﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ راﺷﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﻮان ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ــ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺻﺢ‪» .‬ﲣﺮﻳﺞ أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻹﺣﻴﺎء« )‪.(١٧٣٧ /٤‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ـ ﻓﺮواه‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻼ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫واﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫إﳖﲈ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻَ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺬﺑﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﱰ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْﺑﻮﻟﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ََُ ﱠَ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺴﻴﺐ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻘﻪ ِ ْ‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺮس َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َﲔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﻃﺐ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ«‪ ُ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻴﺒﺴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳜﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْﻬﲈ َﻣﺎ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻔﻒ َﻋﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ِ » :‬إﳖﲈ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺬﺑﺎن ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳊﻮم اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‪ َ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠَُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ َﻧ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻤﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛ ﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﳘﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ َ َ‬ ‫إﳖﲈ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ » :‬أﻣﺎ ِ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻ‬ ‫ﻐﺘﺎب اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎن َﻳ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ‪ َ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َُ ﱠَ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄذى ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫َََﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺮرﻧﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﴚ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رﻋﺪ ُﻛﻢ َﻗ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََْْ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺼﻪ‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻤﻨَﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم‪ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﻊ؟« ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ ا ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬان‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻲ ا ﱠ ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮن َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ذاك َﻳﺎ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫َِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﲔ«‪ِ ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫رﺟﻼن ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا ِﰲ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َﻳﺎ َﻧﺒِ ﱠﻲ ا ﱠ ِ؟‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﺎ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﺎن ﰲ ُ ُ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨَﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮرﳘﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ ُ َ َُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆذي اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َﻻ ﻳﺴﺘَﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻤﴚ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﺰه َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨَﻬﻢ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (٦٠٥٢‬وﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﻪ ﺷﺎذ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ )‪ ،(٢٧٦٨‬ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮد ﲠﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب« )‪ ،(٧٣٥‬وأ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪ .(٢٠٥٠‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﻫﲇ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎن‪ ،‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٨٢٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﳘﺎ أ ﱠﻪ ☺ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻮل واﻟﻨﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ أ ﱠﻪ ☺ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ واﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻤﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل أ ﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‪ ،‬ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮوره ☺ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻘﱪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺮة َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻘﱪﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬب ُ َ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻮل‪ ،‬واﷲ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﳖﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع)‪ ،(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻧﺺ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وأن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ)‪ :(٣‬ﻻ‬ ‫اﻏﺘﺎب ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫إﱃ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ُﻣﻨ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْﺨﺮم ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑون)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﲑي ♫)‪:(٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ)‪ .(٥‬ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ ﱠأﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫وﰲ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻘﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﱡ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻆ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ« )‪.(٣٣٢ /٣‬‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻮوي ﰲ »اﻷذﻛﺎر« )‪ ،(٣٣٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ »اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ« )‪.(٣٨٠ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪.(٣٣٧ /١٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ـ ـ ﻓﻴﲈ ذﻛﺮه ﻋﻨﻪ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ إﺳﺤﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﺮاﻳﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺰرﻛﴚ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﴍح ﳐﺘﴫ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﳋﺮﻗﻲ« )‪» ،(٣٣٣ /٧‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٧٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٤٧٠ /١٠‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪،(٣٥‬‬ ‫»اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٧ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺰاﱄ‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدر اﳉﻴﻼﲏ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻹﻧﺼﺎف« )‪،(٤٦ /١٢‬‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٠ ،١٩ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٢٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪.(٢٩٢ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﱡ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮك َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ؟« َ ُ‬ ‫ﺪرون َﻣﺎ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮه«‬ ‫أﺧﺎك ِ َﺑﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻏﺘﺒﺘﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮل؟ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﻲ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫أﻓﺮأ َ ْ َﺖ ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫وإن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺘﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء وﲪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻴﻌﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ا‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻹﻓﺮاده‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ؛ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮت ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ً‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ أ ﱠﻪ ُﳏﺮم‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٨٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٨‬‬ ‫وﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻨﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲑة‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﲠﺎ ـ ـ ﻛﺒ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮت ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ـ ـ ً‬ ‫أن ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ُ َ :(١٩ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮت ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ﲠﺎ ـ ـ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ دﻓﻌﻬﺎ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺸﺒﻪ أن‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ـ ـ ً‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷذرﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ دﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮت ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺰرﻛﴚ؛ ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ‪َ ِ َ .‬‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫أن ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﰲ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ َﻟﻴﺲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ردﻏﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺮج ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻜﻨَ ُﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وردﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«‪ .‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳜُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎرة ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋﺒﺎل‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﻣﻦ َﲪَﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﻨﻲ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺲ ُْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎ َﳛ ِﻤﻲ َﳊﻤﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرك َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ْ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َُْ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﱃ َ َ ً ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﴚء ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﴪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻨ َُﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ِ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺮج ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳜُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺘﺎن أذى ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﺬب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ أذى‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﺻﺪق‪ ،‬وﰲ ُ‬ ‫وزرا ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻬﺘﺎن‬ ‫وأﻛﱪ ْ ً‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ َ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴐرا َ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٨٣‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤١ /٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وإﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٨١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤١ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٠٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪á à ß Þ ÝÜ Û Ú Ù Ø ×Ö Õ Ô S :‬‬

‫‪.(١١ :¯) R ã â‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‪ :‬دﻋﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺮء‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ :(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ َﺑﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ أو ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻢ اﷲ ﺑ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻘﺎب َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﻴﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺼﺺ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮه‪ ،‬أو أن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪاء‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ أﺧﺎه َﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ! ﻳﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲑه َﺑﲈ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫زاﲏ! ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﺤﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ! ﻳﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ! أو أن ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ R Ü Û Ú Ù Ø S :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫وﳌﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺨﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﻨَﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺪم ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻨَﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ إﻳﲈﻧﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻤﻮه أن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻧﺒﺰه‬ ‫أﺧﺎه‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮا إن ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻮا ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺌ َﺲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﺎه اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن )‪.(٣٧١ /٢١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٥ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﴐورة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺐ ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮوﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ َ ﱢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺮوﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ أ ًﻀﺎ وﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أوﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ أن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب‬ ‫َﺎﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫أوﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﳊﺎﴐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ِ ُ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﲡﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﴍ اﻟﻨ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻫﺆﻻء ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ َذا َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲈر ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﴎ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺎن ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎن ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ ╚ -٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ِ :‬ﱠإﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل ُأ َ ٌ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ِ َإذا َﺧﺮﺟﻨَﺎ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﺪﻫﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧِﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ» :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف َﻣﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َﻘﻮل َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﻗﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َُﱡ َ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﱠ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎُل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫ ‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُذو اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺴﺎد ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻜﺬب‪ٌ ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻖ؛ إذ ﻫﻮ ُ َ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٥٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٢٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٧٣‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(١٣١٠‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٨٠٦‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٧٥٦‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﴍﻳﻚ ُ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ أ ﺲ ُﳛ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ أ ﻪ ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎده ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻳﺮى ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن ﰲ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧١٧٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ« )‪.(١٢٩٠ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد َﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ َذا‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ)‪ُ َ ُ :(١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن أ َﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻐﺾ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﳐﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫وﻳﻈﻬﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻨْﻬﻢ ُ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ ُ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ﰲ ِذي ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺤﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﱠإﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﴍا ِر اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﲢﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺧﺪاع‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ٌ‬ ‫َِ ٌ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﻪ ﻋﲆ أﴎا ِر اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺘﲔ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﺬب َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﺾ‪ٌ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺑﲈ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﳍﺎ أ ﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺧﲑ أو ﴍ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺪاﻫﻨﺔ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذا َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٧٩ ،١٥٦ /١٦‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٤٧٥ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٦١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٤٤‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎن‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﰐ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ أن‬ ‫)‪ ،(٣٩ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(١٠٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﲔ ُ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎن‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﲔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺒﺎﻏﻀﲔ ذا‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎن آﺧﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬أن‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﺄﰐ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ وﻟﺴﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﺆﻻء ْ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺆﻻء ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎب ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮق‪.«..‬‬ ‫» َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺮام وﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎع ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫وﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ِ ِﺑﺈ ْﲨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪ ِﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎب‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٩٢ /٢‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺐ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﲈ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪ ،(٥٣ /٢‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﺎك ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ِ ُ ْ ٍ ُ َ‬ ‫»َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪» :‬أَ ﱡ َﲈ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻌﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وإﻻ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎء ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ» :‬ﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ‬ ‫ذر ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ارﺗﺪت َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻴﻪ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫إن َﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔ ِﺮ ِ ﱠإﻻ ْ َ ﱠ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻮق‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ِ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪو‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ِ ﱠإﻻ ﺣﺎر َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮه اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴍ َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫اﳋﻮارج‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫وإذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺘﲆ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﺧﱪ ﱠأﳖﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﻛﲈ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈ ِء‪ ،‬وأﳖﻢ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ودﻳﻨُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮﻗﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮق ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫وﲢﻜﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﳍﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ وﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ آراء ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮﻫﻢ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺤﺎﻛﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ؟‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٠‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟَﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ :‬أي‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺣﺎر َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٤٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ .(٦١‬‬ ‫)‪»(٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧٧ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ :‬اﳌﻈﻬﺮي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﰲ ﴍح اﳌﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ« )‪» ،(٢٠٤ /٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٦٩) ١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٠٨‬ﴍح‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪» ،(٥٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٠٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(١١٣‬وﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎ إﱃ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺘﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮ أو‬ ‫أﺣﺪ أو‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻈﻬﺮي‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮه ﺑﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮد‬ ‫إﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﱂ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪو اﷲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ :‬أن َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺤﻮه اﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺐ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫أراد ﱠ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪو اﷲ‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ! أو‬ ‫ﻋﺪو اﷲ! أو ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ! أو ﱠ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ! وﻧﺤﻮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﺎك ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ َﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫»‪ ..‬وﻣﻦ َﻟﻌﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزر‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ ﻓﻬﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳉﺮم ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺎرﻛﻪ ﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﺎ ِ ﱠﳑﻦ ﻟﻌﻨَﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﱪه‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ ً‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻢ ♫‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ ِ َإﱃ ُ ﱢأم ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذات َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺠﺎد ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ َﺑﺄ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎدﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨْﺪه‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠ ُﻪ َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻚ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء‪َ ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َْﺖ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُ ﱡأم ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻄﺄ َﻋ َ ْﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻨ َُﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫دﻋﻮﺗﻪ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎدﻣﻚ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َأ َﺎ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪاء ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻌﺎء َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﻮن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﳛﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ُ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن داﻻ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪َ ،‬وﳚﻮز‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲨَﺎع ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻟﻌﻦ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ اﳌﺼﻮن َ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻷوﺻﺎف اﳌﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔ؛ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٩٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻌﺎء« ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬ﻻ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي )‪ :(١٤٩ /١٦‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎ َﻣﺔ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻔﻌﻮن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﻮن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻗﻮ ٍ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮﺟﺒﻮا اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪َ َ » .‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪاء«‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻔﻊ‬ ‫ال‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮن ﰲ إﺧﻮ ِاﳖﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪاء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻻت‪ .‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻠﻬﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪاء َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺴﻘﻬﻢ‪ .‬واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ُﺗ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة وﻫﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮزﻗﻮن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﲥﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻞ َ َ ُ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ْاﻟﻴﻬﻮد واﻟﻨﱠﺼﺎرى‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮرﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻘﲔ ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َُ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪ً ‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻮﻧﺎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواب ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ﱠ َ ﱢ‬ ‫أ ﻰ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﻛﺜﺎر ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑًة؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪواب ـ ـ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ ـ ـ وﻟﻮ ﱠ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺧﱪ ﱞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﻮن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻌﺎء‪ ،«..‬وﻫﺬا ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬اﳌﻔﻬﻢ )‪» ،(٤٧١ /٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣١٦) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٩٥ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(١١١‬‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه أ َﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﻦ ﱂْ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة إذ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﱠ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ♫ )‪ُ ْ :(٩٥ /٢‬‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواب َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﺄدﻳﺒﺎ ﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﱰﻛﻬﺎ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺗﺒﺘﻪ ☺ ﳌ َْﻦ ﻟﻌﻨ َْﺖ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ؛ و َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ٌَ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳎﺮد ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ﱠ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ِ َإﱃ ا ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إن أَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ََ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َر ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺰل ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻢ ِﰲ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ َﱂ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ْﺰع َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻳﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺰل ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ » :‬أ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻢ ِﻣﻨْﻪ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء ِﰲ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ـ ـ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻠﺘﻢ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ ِ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻤﻠﻮا ِﺑﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف‪ُ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺮدوه ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﳌﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛﺔ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﳋﺰاﻋﻲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮج اﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎن ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻫﺐ ا ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاظ‪ٍ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ ُ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫☺ َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ..» :‬أﻻَ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫» ُُّ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﻞ«‪ :‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٤٥٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٦٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٠٠ /٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(٨٠٣٩‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٧٤‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺰل ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤٠ ،٣٣٢ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٧٤٣‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ُ » :‬أ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أدرﺟﻪ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺣﻴﲈ«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳋﱪ إﱃ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﲈ‪ً ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻔﻮرا َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﲈ َ ً‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺮف ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ وﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺪال ﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ُ َ ِ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ّ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺪال ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ أو َ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮدا‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮه َ‬ ‫ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪاﻓﻌﺔ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﲆ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺗﺘﻨ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ‬ ‫ﱡﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﺰل اﻟﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﺎن ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وذﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫إﺑﺎﺣﺘﻪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ أ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪ ‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ«‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺪ«‪ُ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ .‬و» َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﲈ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬و» ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﺪال«‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪة ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺎذق ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ووﺿﻮح ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﲈراة«‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاء«‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎدﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳉﺪال‪ ،‬و» ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮاب‪ .‬و» َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻚ ﱢ َ‬ ‫واﳉﺪال ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮدا إذا َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﷲ‬ ‫وﻹﻇﻬﺎر َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ﱟ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ْ ُ ً‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬وﲠﺬا َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ﱢﻖ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺎ إذا َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ☺‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر َ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن ُ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻷذﻛﺎر )‪.(٣٧١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢٩) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٣٠١ ،٢٦٣‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٥١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣١٦ /٢ ،٢٠٢ /١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪.(٥٦‬‬ ‫اﳉﺪال‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻠﺪد‪ ،‬ووﻛﻼء َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء‪ ،‬زاد اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﺤﺎس‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ودﻳﻨﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ‬ ‫اﳉﺪا ُل ﰲ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء وﻫﻮ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺎﺟﺠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﺪال‬ ‫واﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن أو ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ َ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ََُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻛﻼء‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺤﺾ اﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ ﱠ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺪد َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ُ َُ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺬاء َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎد‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬب‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻠﺐ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻛﴪه‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪة ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاء ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺪال‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫واﳉﺪال‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻣﻮم‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‪ ِ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎة«‪ :‬ﻫﻢ اﳌﺤﺎﻣﻮن اﻟﻴﻮم‪ ،‬واﳌﺮاد ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺻﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﻼء ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﳜ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮر آل ﺳﻠﲈن‪ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻄﻠﲔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﲆ ُ َ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳍﺪى‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﺪا ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺪاﻓﻌﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ً ِ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ً َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ِ َإﱃ ا ِ َ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫إن َأ ْ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ؛ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺮوﻓﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎرى ﰲ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ ﰲ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬أو أ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه إﱃ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ِ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ أ َﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاء ِﰲ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫☺‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪g f e d c b a ` S :‬‬

‫‪.(٥٨ :}) R k j i h‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدى ِﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آذﻧﺘﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮب ‪.(١)«...‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎداﲥﻢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺬم ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺠﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﲈري‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﻪ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫أو ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ وأﺷﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎدون‬ ‫وإﻳﺎه؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا إﻧﺬا ٌر‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﳏﻨﺎ اﷲ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺒﻮﳖﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻟﴚء إﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﱪﻛﻮن ﲠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻷن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪوﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﱡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ؛ ﻓﺈن أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺎدون اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻮﳖﻢ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻳﻨﻬﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﻬﻴﺐ‪ٍ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﲈن‪ٍ ْ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺬ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن َأ َﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن َأ َﻰ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻼل‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﰲ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬واﷲ َﻣﺎ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪو اﷲ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُﻋﻨ ُِﻖ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻮف اﷲ ْ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺳﻴﺪﻫﻢ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻴﺦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪه‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻟﻮن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪َ :‬أ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ» :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ َ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻢ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َأ َﺎ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺑﻚ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺖ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ! َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻬﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻬﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻦ ُﻛﻨ َْﺖ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻚ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺒﺘﻜﻢ؟ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫أﺧﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ِ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﺧﻮﺗﺎه َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٦٥٠٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٠٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ِﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﴏﻣﺔ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫أﴐ ُ‬ ‫ﺿﺎر َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻖ اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎق َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪ ‬ﻋﲆ اﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ أ ﻔﺎﻇﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬إﻳﺬاء اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ درﺟﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻛﺎﻹﻳﺬاء ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺬف‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻗﻞ؛ ﻛﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫وﴐب‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﺷﺘﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ؟؟؟؟‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن ‪» ،(٣٨٧ ،٣٧٨) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٢ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪،(٢٥٩ ،٢٢٨‬‬ ‫»اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(١٨٧ ،١٨٥ /١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(١٨٢ ،٩٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ :‬أذﻳﺔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة ﺑﻨﺤﻮه‪ :‬أذﻳﺔ أوﻟﻴﺎء اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ وﻣﻌﺎداﲥﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﺷﺘﻤﻬﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎداة َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬أذى اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺎء ا ﱠ ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‪ :‬ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ً‬ ‫ُ َ َ ُ ْ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳚ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ َ ً‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎن ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ُﻏﺒﺎر ِﰲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َﳚ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﺢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎن ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎرب‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺪد َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻮف ُ ْ ٍ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬ ‫ﺐ َ ٍ‬ ‫َﳚ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ْ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎن ِﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫واﳊﺴﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫وﱂ أﻛﻦ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱠﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ أن ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﳊﺴﺪ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ّ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻄﺐ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﻳ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺐ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻨ ُﱠﺎر ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺄﻛﻞ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻨَﺎت َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻫﺬا ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وأ ﱠ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ ِِ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻜﺎن ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮام ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ْﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫داء‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻜﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫دب ِ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺪ‪ِ َ ْ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ َﻻ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻖ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻖ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎء َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﴘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻣﻨُﻮا‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲢﺎﺑﻮا‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪه َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻠﻮا ْ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ ْﺗﺆ ِﻣﻨُﻮا َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻓﻼ ُأ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ؟ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َﻜﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ِ َﺑﲈ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻓﺸﻮا ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ذاﻛﻢ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳋﺎزن ♫)‪ :(٤‬اﳊﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻣﻬﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َأﺳﻴﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٠٣‬واﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﰲ )‪ْ َ ،(١٤٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢِ‬ ‫ﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺟﺪه ﳎﻬﻮل ﻋﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ .‬ﻗ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺪه‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻼم )‪.(٦٥٦ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﺪﻟﺲ وﻗﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٥١٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٤ /١‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻌﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﱃ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﳎﻬﻮل‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪.(٢٤٧ /٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﲏ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ« )‪.(٥١٤ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳊﺴﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺰاﱄ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(١)‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬إﺣﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ« )‪» ،(٢٢٧ /١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨٣ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪،(٣٢١ /١٠‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٣٧‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪» ،(٩٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٨٣ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء ◙ َ َ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪َ َ » :‬أﻻ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﻓﺴﺎد َ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼح َ ِ‬ ‫ََِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ذات ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬ﺑﲆ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ؟« َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎم َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻟﻘﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﺣﻮال أ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲔ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬أﺣﻮال ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذات ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﳏﺒﺔ‪ .‬واﳌﺮاد ﺑﻔﺴﺎد ذات اﻟﺒﲔ اﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪاوة واﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎء واﳌﺨﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﳌﺸﺎﺟﺮة واﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩١٩‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٥٠٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٤٤ /٦‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬واﳌﻮﻗﻮف واﳌﺮﻓﻮع ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ .(٣٩١‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد )‪ ،(١٧٨ /١٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي )‪ ،(١٧٨ /٧‬اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﺑﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ )‪.(٤٠٥ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ َأ ﻮاب ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َﻗَﺎل‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨﱠﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﻴﺲ‪ِ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َﻻ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َﺑﻴْﻨ َُﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﴩ ُك ﺑﺎﷲ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻐﻔﺮ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﻮم ْ َ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﲔ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻈﺮوا َﻫ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻈﺮوا َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻨ َُﺎء‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺬﻳﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ َأﺧﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪َ :‬أ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻈﺮوا َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ‪ ،‬أَ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬أرﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ُﻛﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫َْ ٌ َ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱠ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َ ﱠ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُﻣﻨ ِ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎق َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﺎ َ ً‬ ‫‪َ ِ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺮ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫وإذا َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﻮر؛ ‪‬‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺠﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب وﲠﺘﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ؛ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أ ﻪ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ ﻋﲆ ﺛﻼث‪ .‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﺨﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ أﺣﻮاﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫اﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٦٥‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺬب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺮ«‪ :‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي )‪ْ » :(٤٨ /٢‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﻋﻦ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وإن َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺪ‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺻﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮر ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ُ ْ :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاش ا ﱡ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻔﻚ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺬﻧﺒﲔ ﰲ اﻟﻮزر ﺳﻮاء‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﻓﻚ اﻟﺪم‬ ‫دﻣﻪ«)‪ُ .(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺳﻨ ًَﺔ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ً‬ ‫وإﺛﲈ ﻣﻦ اﳍﺎﺟﺮ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮة َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛ ِ ﱡﻞ ِ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳞﺠﺮ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وأﺧﻮان َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫»َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﺎرﻣﺎن«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﱪا ‪َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ .. :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫رءوﺳﻬﻢ ْ ً‬ ‫‪  -٦‬‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣٍﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛ ِ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﲈ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎرﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎل‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ُِْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻛﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َﺛﻼث َ ِ ﱠ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺠﺮ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ (٤٩١٥‬واﺑﻦ وﻫﺐ ﰲ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ )‪ ،(٢٥٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪،(٢٢٠ /٤‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ .(٤٠٤‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻌﺪوي‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨُﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٥٦٢‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٩٢ /٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺎن‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎزم‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬روى‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وأﺣﺴﺒﻪ ذﻛﺮه ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٥٦ /٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ :‬رﻓﻌﻪ ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩١٤‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮري‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى«‬ ‫)‪ ،(٩١١٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ »اﳊﻠﻴﺔ« )‪ ،(١٢٦ /٨‬ﻋﻦ ﻓﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎض‪ ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬واﻟﻮﻗﻒ أﺷﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وأوﳍﲈ َﻓﻴﺌﺎ َﻓﻪ ﺑ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎرﺗﻪ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫داﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻔﻲء َ ﱠ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﻬﲈ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ ُ َ ْ ً ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ َﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﴏ َِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ َ‬ ‫ردت َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ورد َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ ﱠ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ورد َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﻪ َ ﱠ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎ ِﰲ ْ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ ِﱠﺔ َأ َ ًﺪا«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻣﻬﲈ َﱂ ْ َﳚْ َ َ‬ ‫ﴏ َِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪.(٢)‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٠ /٤‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪ ،(٤٠٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‬ ‫)‪.(٥٦٦٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ ،٥٧٦ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٨٤‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ أﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪» ،(٦٧ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٢٩٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪َ .‬‬ ‫وﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮه َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﺎم َ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻞ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ودﻋﻮاه ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ وﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻳﻌ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ‬ ‫ﳞﺠﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫أﺧﺎه‬ ‫اﳋﺼﺎم‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أن ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎم‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﰲ اﳌﻬﺠﻮر‪ ،‬أو َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺮض‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮه‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﺪل‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي ♫‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺎم ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج«‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺮض‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫)‪.(٢٩١ /١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُﻋﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮوا ِ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﻴﺔ‪ْ َ ،‬أو ﺑِﻨ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﲑ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫َﻔﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ ِ َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮا َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺒﻮا َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ْ ُ‬ ‫رأوا ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻮﳖﺎ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫دﺟﺎﺟﺔ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا؟« إِ ﱠن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮان«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﲣﺬ َ ً ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺿﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫إن َ ُ‬ ‫وﺳﻢ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﲪَﺎر َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻣﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﷲ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫»َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻣﺮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪ َ :(٣‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫وﺳﻢ ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﲈر َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﻴﻤﺔ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﻢ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻬﺎ؟« َﻓﻨ ََﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻜﻢ َ ﱢأﲏ َ ْ‬ ‫ﴐﲠﺎ ﰲ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ ُْﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫» َ َأﻣﺎ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻬ َﻬﺎ َ ْأو َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٥١٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٩٥٨‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮان‪ ،‬إذا‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أذﻧﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫وﻣﺜﻠﺖ‬ ‫أﻃﺮاﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺬاﻛﲑه‪ ،‬أو ً‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻋﺖ أ َﻔﻪ‪ ،‬أو ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬إذا َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻮﻫﺖ ﺑﻪ‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻃﺮاﻓﻪ‪ .‬واﻻﺳﻢ‪َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪» .‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(٢٩٤ /٤‬‬ ‫اﳌﺜﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ِ ﱞ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢١١٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ُ ْ :(٩٧ /١٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮز؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﻲ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻵدﻣﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻌﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﴤ‬ ‫ﱠْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أ ﻮ داود )‪ٍ (٢٥٦٤‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻔﺖ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫☺ ِﰲ ٍ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫إﻧﻪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ُ ..‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﲆ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم َﺷﺪﻳﺪ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺮأ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ُﱠﺔ‪ْ َ ِ ُ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﳉﻮﻧﻪ‪ْ َ ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺖ َ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﺿﺖ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳾء ُ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُ ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﺿﺖ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬب ِﰲ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻌﻤﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﴎا ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮة َ َﳍﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﺑﻄﺘﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺑﻨﻲ إ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺎش ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة اﻟﻨﱠﺎر ِﰲ ِﻫﺮةٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫وَ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ ْ َ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺎش َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻌﻤﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻷرض«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ْ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ََْ‬ ‫رﺑﻄﺘﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮاء ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺑﻄﺘﻬﺎ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮة َ َﳍﺎ َ ْأو ﱟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أرﺳﻠﺘﻬﺎ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻃﻌﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺎش ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺰًﻻ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷرض َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﺮم ْ‬ ‫َ َْ ََْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻴﺄس َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻞ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻼ َ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻫﺮي‪َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱡ ْ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺔ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺒﺲ وﻫﻲ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﱪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺘﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺿﺎ«‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‪» :‬ﻻ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﺬوا اﳊﻴﻮ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح ً‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﺬوا ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ان ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﳍﺬا َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺿﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﳉﻠﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮن إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﱠﻬﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫وإﺗﻼف‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮان‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا«‪ .‬وﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫☺ ﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﺬﻛﻰ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ وﺗﻀﻴﻴﻊ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻛﺎﺗﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﳌﻨﻔﻌﺘﻪ إن ﱂ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٠٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٣٣١٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦١٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٨ /١٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان إذا َ‬ ‫وﳚﻮز ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ إﻳﺬاء اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫واﳊﺪأة‪ ،‬وا ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮر‪ِ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺮاب‪ ،‬وإذا َ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﺻﺎل‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﺮب‬ ‫ﳊﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز دﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ إﻳﺬاﺋﻬﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻄﺎل ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻔﺎع ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮازه‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻠﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄدﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻦ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وإذا َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان‬ ‫إﻳﺬاء‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﺪواﻧﺎ؟ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ؟ ﺑﻞ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﻤﻦ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ً‬ ‫اﷲ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن )‪ ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٢٤٠ /١٤ ،٢٠٧ /٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٥٨) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪،(٥٧٩ /٦‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٩٥ ،٢٩٤ ،١٩٥ ،١٦٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٣٥ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ُ :‬ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﳍﺮة وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺑﺖ‬ ‫إﺣﺮاق‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻐﲑة َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ،‬واﻹﴏا ُر ﻋﲆ ا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وأﴏت ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺑﻄﺘﻬﺎ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻢ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎرت ﺑﺈﴏا ِرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫داﺑﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫إﻧﺴﺎﻧﺎ أو ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻰ إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﲣﺎذ ﳾء ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫داﺑﺔ ﰲ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺿﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬أن َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻋﺎ أو ً‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺸﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‬ ‫اﳍﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﲤﻮت ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻲ ﰲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً ْ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ اﳊﻴﻮان ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ُ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﺪه ﺑﻤﻮت‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ َ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻦ أو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ٍ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺜﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫إﺣﺮاق‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺣﺎدي ﻋﴩ ـــ ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺕ‪: ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ َ - (١١٧‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ َﻣﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎر‬ ‫)‪ُ ْ - (١١٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﲈر‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻴﴪ وﻫﻮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ْ َ - (١١٩‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪ - (١٢٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷرواح ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴐورة‪.‬‬ ‫ذوات‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴩب ﰲ ِ‬ ‫آﻧﻴﺔ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪- (١٢١‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ ﱡ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫واﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪم ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫)‪ُ - (١٢٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮار‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎب إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫)‪- (١٢٣‬‬ ‫اﻷب ً‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ ً‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﲈء َ‬ ‫)‪ُ َ - (١٢٤‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫)‪ - (١٢٥‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻀﺤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪه ْ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ - (١٢٦‬إﺑﺎق اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ أو آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫)‪ -(١٢٧‬ﻣﻦ أ َﻰ َ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام واﺳﺘ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﻼﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻹﳊﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫)‪-(١٢٨‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫إﺧﺎﻓﺔ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮء‪.‬‬ ‫وإرادﲥﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪-(١٢٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Æ ÅÄ Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º S :‬‬

‫‪.(٤٢ :§) R É È Ç‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ُ َ َ َ RÄ Ã Â Á À S :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوزون ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻔﺴﺪون ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄذن ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ِ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫رﲠﻢ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫أرض اﷲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ اﻟﺬي أ َ‬ ‫ﺎح ﳍﻢ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.(٧٦ :x) R ~ } | { z y x w S :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪه ﰲ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺠﱪ‬ ‫ﺎوز ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ R ~ } S :‬ﻓﺘﺠ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﱪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﻛﺎن َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﺮة ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﺑﻐﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ﱡِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﱪه ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﺟﺪر َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ذﻧﺐ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﺮ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ْ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ا َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َُ ﱢَ ﱠُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻴﻌﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن )‪.(٥٢٩ /٢٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن )‪.(٣١١ /١٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٦ /٥‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٠٢‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٥١١‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬ ‫)‪.(٤٢١١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﲨ ِ‬ ‫َﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻓﺨﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي ♫)‪ُ ْ َ :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺮا‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أي‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم وﻟﻮ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ أو ﺑﺘﺄ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺪﺗﻪ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻄﻼﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ أو َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﻼن‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﲡﻪ ُ‬ ‫وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ ﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم ُ ِ‬ ‫ﴍرﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺎرج‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺎرﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﻔﺊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳛ َﴡ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﴐرﻫﺎ وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﻼن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄوﻳﻞ ﻇﻨ ﱢﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﳍﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪ُ َ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒ ْﻐﻲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﻋﻠﲈء اﻟﻠﻐﺔ)‪ :(٣‬ﻣﻌﻨﻰ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻏﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺌﺔ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺎرﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﳌﺔ‬ ‫أذاﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إذا َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ‪ .‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﺻﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫وإﻓﺮاط ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳎﺎوزة‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدل‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪار اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳎﺎوزة َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴚء ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﱠ ُ‬ ‫واﳋﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻄﺎول‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﻠﻢ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﱪ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ْ ﱞ‬ ‫ُْ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪ .(١١٦ /٩‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪ ١‬ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ )‪» ،(٣٦١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(١٨٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٨٠ ،١٧٩ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب )‪.(٧٨ /١٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ◙‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ﻣﻦ َذﺑﺢ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َآوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫»َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﻨ ََﺎر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض«‪.‬‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫َََ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻞ ﺑﲔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫و» َﻣﻨَﺎر َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷرض«‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٠٨) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪ .(٤٢٩ /١‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ ‪ .(٩٠ :a) R/ .‬وﻫﺬا ِ ُ‬‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫ﻻَُﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل‪.‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹¸ ¶ µ ´ S :‬‬

‫‪.(٢١٩ :^) R Ã Â Á À‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﰲ اﳋﱪ ِﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎل ُ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻗﺎﻣﺮك‪ َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺼﺪق«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺪﻗﺔ َ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ِ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﻓﺈذا َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﻔﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﲈ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻷﻣﻮال‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﻨﱡﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ؟! ﱠ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻨﱠﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮه أ ﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﴪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ اﻟﺬي ﳖﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠﻗﺮرﻧﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻓﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺛﻨﺎء اﷲ ُ ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﳌﻴﴪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ إﲨ ً‬ ‫اﳌﻈﻬﺮي ♫ ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٨٦٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(١٦٤٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٠٧ /١١‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫َﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑا ﳋﻄﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﲠﺬه اﳌ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﳌﻈﻬﺮي )‪.(٢٦٩ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﴪ ـ ـ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﲈر ـ ـ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬وا ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻫﻨﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻮض‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﲈر‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﳌﻴﴪ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﳖﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ٌَﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُع؛‬ ‫ﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻹﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﳋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام إﻻ ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺮاﻫﻨﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻬﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ أ َ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺎد‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪(١٦٧ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن‪» ،(٤٥٩) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢١٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٢٨ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٣‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑه‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﲈر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫)‪ :(١٦٠ /٥‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫اﺷﱰت ُ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫رآﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ُ ﱢأم ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺮﻗﺔ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﳖﺎ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ▲‪ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﺖ ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ َ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﻴﺔ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ‪ُ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫أذﻧﺒﺖ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻮب ِ َإﱃ ا ﱠ ِ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا َ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! َأ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وإﱃ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎل ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺷﱰﻳﺘﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ِ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱡﻤﺮﻗﺔ؟« ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻌﺪ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮن‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب َﻫﺬه ﱡ َ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻠﻪ َ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻢ« َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ﻻَ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫إن َ ْ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﱠاﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﻮا َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﺎ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ)‪ ِ » :(٢‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ً َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ َِْ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻠﻖ اﷲِ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ادن ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮر‪ِ ِ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُأﺻﻮر ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُﻟﻪ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ادن‬ ‫َ ُ ٌ َ ﱢُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻓﺘﻨﻲ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻧﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ُْﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ ََ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﻚ ِﺑﲈ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻧﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬أ َ ﱢ ُ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه َ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻮر ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳚَُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫☺‪ُ ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﻫﺎ َ ْﻧﻔﺴﺎ َ ُ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ« َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫إن ُﻛﻨ َْﺖ َﻻ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻼ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﺬﺑﻪ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠَ َ ً َ ُُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻨ َِﻊ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢١٠٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٢٢٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١١٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َﻌﻮن ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺬﺑﻮن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﻮا َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌ ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫دار َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﴪوق‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮأى ِﰲ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﱠﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺛﻴﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺘﻪ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﺎ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ِ ﻳﻮم ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫»ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮرون«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫إن َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ ،‬ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﺎ ْ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮرون«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫إن ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ً َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺮج ُﻋﻨ ٌُﻖ َ‬ ‫ﲣُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﺖ ِ َ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ان ُ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ُﺗﺒ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﻄﻖ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﺎن َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺎن َﻳﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ :‬ﱢإﲏ ُ ﱢ ْ ُ‬ ‫وأذﻧﺎن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﴫ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َﳍﺎ َﻋﻴْﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎر َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻴﺪ‪ ُ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ُِﱢ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﳌﺼﻮرﻳﻦ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‪ َ ُ ِ َ ،‬ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ َ َ‬ ‫وﺑﻜﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ا ﱠ ِ َ ً َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻴﻔﺔ ◙‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫ﳖﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺬب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ ِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ ُﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٥١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٠٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٥٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٠٩‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدﺣﺔ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ (٢٥٧٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٣٦ /٢‬ﻋﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮﰲ‬ ‫أﰊ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬اﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮﰲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أﺷﺒﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ـ ـ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ـ ـ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺶ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧٠٤٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أن ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ً ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳍﲈ)‪ْ َ » :(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻨ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر ُ َ ً‬ ‫ْﻔﺦ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻒ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ» :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوح ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ُ ﱡ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮرﻳﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑ ِﻨ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻓﺦ«‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺔ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر‪ ْ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻮن ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻨ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ◙‪ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻌﻮن ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْاﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺣﻴﻮا َﻣﺎ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل َ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪  -٤‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة دارا ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫زرﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺠﲇ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮأى‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻮر‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ََ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻮرا ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻼﻫﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﻠﻖ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﻠﻘﻮا َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫أو ِ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺨﻠﻘﻲ‪ُ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﲑة«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ َﳜْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أو َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺨﻠﻘﻮا َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ذرة َ ْ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻇﻠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ذوي اﻷرواح ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻄﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٩٦٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٣٨ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٥٥٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١١١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻛﲈل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٦٣٨ /٦‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٨١ /١٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣٤٩) ١‬إﻋﻼم‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة« )‪» ،(٢٩٤٤ /٩‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« ﻻﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ )‪،(٤٠٥ /٢‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٣‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٨ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨَﺎ‬ ‫)‪ .(٣٦٤‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﻨﱠﻮوي‪ :‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻮر ﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫واﳊﻴﻄﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ذي روح ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر اﳊﻴﻮان‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ﳍﺎ ﻇﻞ أو ﱂْ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﳑﺘﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄرض‪ ،‬أو ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬أو ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫واﻟﻜﻼم ﰲ ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻵﰐ)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﳌﺼﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ُﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪:‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻫﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻛ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺴﺎم‬ ‫اﻷراوح ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذوات‬ ‫وﻏﲑ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﲈر‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﺬوات‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرواح‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﻋﺪا أ ُ‬ ‫وﲢﺮم ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳑﺘﻬﻨًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷرواح‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫ﻟﺬوات‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﲢﺮم ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﱰﻣﺎ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺴﻤﺔ إذا‬ ‫ذوات‬ ‫ﺻﻮر‬ ‫وﲡﻮز‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺴﻤﺔ وﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻷرواح ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أو ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأس‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﰲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﺤﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﻮاز ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﴬورة‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﻮاز ﺑﺪون َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ وأدﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب‪» :‬أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ« ﳌﺤﻤﺪ واﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﴩﺑﻮا ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫آﻧﻴﺔ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬وﻻَ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻟﻨَﺎ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻَ َ ْ ُ ُ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮةِ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮا ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻬﺎ؛ َ ِ ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﴩب ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ ﱢأم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫إﻧﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﺮ ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ ِ ﱠإﻧﲈ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﳚْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫آﻧﻴﺔ ْ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴩب ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ)‪ » :(٣‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻧﲈ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﺮ ِﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ َ ْأو َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳚْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ َ ﱠ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ِِْ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫وﳑﻦ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل واﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﻟﺬي َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ﻟﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻓﻼ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻪ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٦٣٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٦٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٤٢٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ ]‪.[(٢٠٦٥)-٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ‪ َ » ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻬﺮ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ♫ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ]‪َ َ َ :[(٢٠٦٥)-٢‬‬ ‫وزاد ﰲ َﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﻧﻴﺔ ْ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴩب ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ َ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ َﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺐ«‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أو َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ذﻛﺮ اﻷﻛﻞ ﺷﺎذ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ِﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻬﺮ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٢٨‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٢٩٠‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٨‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع« )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٩٧ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﲈل ِ‬ ‫أواﲏ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُب ﰲ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٩٥‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﲈل ِ‬ ‫أواﲏ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل واﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﴩ ِ‬ ‫واﻻﻛﺘﺤﺎل‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪٢‬‬ ‫واﻻدﻫﺎن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱡْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪            ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪, + * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫‪; :987654 32 10/.-‬‬

‫<= > ?‪.(٣ :a) R‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪v u t s r q p o n m l k j i S :‬‬ ‫‪ª © ¨ §¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~ } | { z y x w‬‬

‫« ¬ ® ¯ ‪.(١٤٥ :b) R ² ± °‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻒ أ ِﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ اﳌ ُﻨ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ْﺨﻨﻘﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺎة‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺘﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎت ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻄﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﱰدﻳﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﻗﻮذة‪ َ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ َُ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ﱠ ُ ُ‬

‫)‪ » (١‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٢٦٧) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪» ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ » ،(٣٦٠ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫)‪ .(٤٢‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪ .٢‬وﻟﻔﻆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم؛ ﻛﺎﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ اﳌ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻼل ُ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫َﻴﺘﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮد‬ ‫واﻟﺬﺋﺐ‬ ‫َﻴﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪:‬‬ ‫وﳊﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺪم‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﳊﻢ‬ ‫واﳊﻤـ ِﺎر‬ ‫اﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ‪ ،‬أو اﳌ ََﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ُأ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎِﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬اﳌ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﺴﻔﻮح‪ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﳐﻤﺼﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻘﻊ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫واﺛﻠﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮى َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أن َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ذر ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮج اﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ أَ ِﻴﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻏﺒﻮا َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫إن َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِﻴﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﻏﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫آﺑﺎﺋﻜﻢ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ َﻗَﺎل‪ِ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫زﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﱠ ْ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﻨَﺎ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ُ َ ﱠ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ـ ـ َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاب‬ ‫أن ِﻋﻨ َ َ‬ ‫ْﺪﻧﺎ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺮؤه ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﻞ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫أﺳﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ـ ـ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺣﺎت‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِْ َ َ‬ ‫وأﺷﻴ ُﺎء َ‬ ‫َﺎن ْ ِ ِ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أَ ِ ِ‬ ‫» َْ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲑ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻮر‪ِ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أو ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َُﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ ِﻣﻨْﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ْ َ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٦٨‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣١٧٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(١٣٧٠‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي )‪َ » :(١٤١ /٩‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨ ْﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﴫف اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‪ :‬اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ«‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫف‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫف‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫف‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺘﻪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺎدة‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴫف‪ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺘﻪ وﻻ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﲑ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﺟﺰاء‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﲠﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ُ ِ ْ‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺜﲈن اﻟﻨﻬﺪي ♫‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ وﻗﺎص َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳉﻨ ُﱠﺔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫☺ َُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أَ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ؛ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ووﻋﺎه َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺗﻪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻷﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ْ‬ ‫أذﻧﺎي‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وأ َﺎ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ َُُْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻴﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن َ ْ‬ ‫أراد ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﱪ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ُﺟﻨ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺎدة ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮح َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِﻴﻪ َﱂ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ َﻋﺎﻣﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﺟﺪ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳉ َﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ َﻋﺎًﻣﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر َ ْ َ ً ْ‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ َ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫أو َ َ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛﺔ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﻫﺐ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاظ‪ٍ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر؟ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻴﻢ«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫زﻧﻴﻢ«‪ .‬و» ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أﻻَ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺐ ْ ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺼﻖ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮم َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺴﺐ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أ ﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒَﻨﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٧٦٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٧١ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٦١١‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪» ،‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪» ،(٢٠ /٣٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٢٤) ١‬إﻋﻼم‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٩٩ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‬ ‫وﺑﺮاءة ِ‬ ‫وﺑﺮاءة ﱠ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻷب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ أ ِﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٤١٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(١٢٧‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﻪ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ أ ِﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺒﻄﻼن ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﱪؤ‬ ‫اﺑﻨﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َأ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ادﻋﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ◙‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ‪ْ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﻰ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ُ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ«‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِأﰊ ﱡ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َ ِ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ♫‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‪َ » :‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ َﳛ ِ ﱡﻞ ِ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮاﱃ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫»ََ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ ُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﻟﻪ« ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﱪت َأ ﱠﻪ َﻟﻌﻦ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َِِْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺘﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ْ ِ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫إذﻧﻪ«‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٥٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٣٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﻰ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻀﺤﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﺪه َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫رؤوس َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺤﻪ ا ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎص ِ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺎص«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻬﺎد‪ٌ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱡَْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ َ َ ُ ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ َأر ً‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٦ /٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﳉﺮاح ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ وﺳﻴﺄﰐ‪َ » :‬وأَ ﱡ َﲈ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﺪه َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﺪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺠﺐ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﺤﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﳚﻨﺢ إﱃ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ اﳉﺮاح‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ«‪ُ .‬‬ ‫رءوس ْ َ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﻣﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ♫‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺼﻮر ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﱠ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ أَ َﻖ ِﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َﻣﻨ ُْﺼﻮٌر‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أ ﱡ َﲈ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ِ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫روي َ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺮه َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﴫة«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫»َْ‬ ‫ﻳﺮوى َﻋﻨﱢﻲ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﱢﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ واﷲ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨَﺎ ِ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ » :‬أ ﱡ َﲈ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َأ َ َﻖ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َأ َ َﻖ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َﱂ ْ‬ ‫ُْ َْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫☺‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻵﺑﻖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫آذاﳖﻢ‪ُ ْ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ ُ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﲡﺎوز َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪ٌ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻَ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت‪.«...‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َأ َ َﻖ َ َ َ‬ ‫أو َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وأﻣﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄل َﻋﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﺪ إﺑﺎق اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٤ /٣‬ﻷﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن‪» ،‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٤٠٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(٢٧١‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٣٤ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٠٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ◙‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﱟ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ اﷲ ﻣﻦ َذﺑﺢ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َﻣﻨ ََﺎر ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻷرض«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺪث َ َ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أو َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ْ َ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«)‪ .(١‬وﻳﺄﰐ اﻟﻠﻌﻦ أ ًﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أ ﺲ وأﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ╚‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أﺧﺮج اﻟﺒﺨﺎري)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲇ ◙ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َُﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ِ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍِ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪ْ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺮ ِ َإﱃ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﴏف َوﻻَ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻَ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪل‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أ ﺲ ◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل ﰲ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث َ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ ِﻣﻨْﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ًَ‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٥٣٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٧٣٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٢٢ /١‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِأﰊ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وﺳﲈﻋﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﻼط‪ ،‬وروى ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ أ ﺒﺖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(١٨٧٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٣٠٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٦٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َُﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ً َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪل‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﴏف«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻴﺲ َ ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻷ ﲑ ♫‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎدث ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺘﺎد وﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﳊﺪث‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﴪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻔﻌﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺪال‬ ‫ﻳﺮوى‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺪث ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪ْ ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﴪ ) ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺣﺎل ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻴﺎ أو َآواه‬ ‫وأﺟﺎره ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻌﻨَﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺪث(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﻮاء‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬واﻟﻔﺘﺢ ) ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ أن َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪع ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺪث(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ إذا ِ‬ ‫وأﻗﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ َآواه‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ وﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﴈ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر« ﲨﻊ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﳏﺪﺛﺎت ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ » :‬ﱠإﻳﺎﻛﻢ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺔ ـ ـ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ـ ـ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﱂْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب وﻻ ُﺳﻨ ٍﱠﺔ وﻻ إﲨ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎع)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫إﺛﲈ‪ ،‬أو َآوى ﻣﻦ أ َﺎه‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻣﻦ أ َﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ِ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ ﻫﺬا‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ﱠ ِ« ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺿﻤﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ وﲪَﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن إﻻ ﰲ ﻛﺒﲑة‪ٍ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﲠﺬا ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫َﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٧١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪» ،(٣٥١ /١‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪ .(١٣١ /٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ )‪ :(٢٨١ /١٣‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻋﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ أو َآوى ُ ِ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺪث ُ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫دل‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ أ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َآوى َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﳌﻌﺎﴆ أ ﱠﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎرﻛﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﳖﺎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ َ‬ ‫رﴈ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﴩﻓﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﲠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺒﻂ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﱠأﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﲣﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ☺‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﴩ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪ :‬ﱢ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮم‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﳋﻠﻔﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺎرت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ إذ ذاك‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ :‬‬ ‫اﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث أو َآوى ُ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫دون ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ً‬ ‫آوى ُ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ًَ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ﱠ َوا ْﳌ َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ«‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«‪َ َ َ » ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﺄن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﺛﲈ« ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪ُ .(١٤٠ /٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ َﻰ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻳﻘﻮل‪ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ ﰲ اﳊﺮم ﻗﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻧﺒُﻮا َ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي َ ْﻧﻔﴘ ِ َﺑﻴﺪه َ ْ‬ ‫أﻰ ً‬ ‫اﷲ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻫﺐ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﳉﺎء ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٧٤٩‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮم ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻐﻔﺮ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮون اﷲَ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻧﺒﻮن‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ََ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆوي ُ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺪث َ ً‬ ‫أن ُﳛ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ـ ـ ـ أي اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ـ ـ ـ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﴫه‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬أو ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﲈ‪،‬‬ ‫وإﺣﺪاث ﻣﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺪث‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻴﻨُﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺳ ﻨ ِﱠﺔ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻧﴫ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎداة ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬب ﻋﻨﻪ‪َ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪث ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﳊ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل)‪ :(٢‬وﻫﻲ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺪث َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬أن ُﳛ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺪث‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاث ﰲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﺆوي ُ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ً‬ ‫دﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﳊﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاث ﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪:(٤‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ِ ﱠﳑﻦ ُ‬ ‫إﻳﻮاء ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺪﺛﲔ أي ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ أﻣﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﲠﻢ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻃﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء َ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘﺪع ﰲ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫دﻳﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﻟﻪ ☺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أن َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﻦ َآوى ُ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﴫ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﴫ ُ ِ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻋﺎ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وآواه ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ أي َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث َ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ‪ ،‬أو َآوى‬ ‫ﻇﺎ َ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪ْ َ .‬‬ ‫وأﺟﺎره ﻣﻦ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ًِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺷﻨ َُﻊ ْ ً‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ ً‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻓﻬﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪.(٥٧٤/٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٦٤ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٨٠ ،٢٢٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٠٤ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬اﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﳊﺪث‪» :‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪» ،(٣٥١ /١‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب« )‪.(١٣١ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪4 3 2 1 0 / . - , + S :‬‬ ‫‪R D C B A @ ? > = < ;: 9 8 7 6 5‬‬

‫)‪.(٢٥ :r‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪{ z y x w v u t s r q p S :‬‬

‫| } ~ ¡ ‪.(٩٤ :a) R ¨ § ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري َ ِ‬ ‫ﻐﺾ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دم ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ َإﱃ ا ﱠ ِ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﻄﻠﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺘﻎ ِﰲ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﺪ ِﰲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮم‪ٍ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ٌ ِ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ُ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ُﺳﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َِِْ‬ ‫دﻣﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ِ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻬﺮﻳﻖ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺌﺔ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وإن ﻫﻢ وﻫﻮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﲔ)‪ْ َ (١‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪن َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أذاﻗﻪ ا ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ َ ْ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ََََْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب َأ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َﻗﺮأ َ‪.(٢)«(٢٥ :r) R @ ? > = <S :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإﳊﺎد ِﰲ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ِ ِ ِ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ـ ـ أي‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‪ٌ َ ْ ِ َ .. :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ اﳊﺮام«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ َ َ » (١‬‬ ‫ﲔ«‪ :‬اﺳﻢ ﺑﻠﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪن َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٢٨ /١‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ .(٦٩٦ /٣‬وﻗﺪ روى‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﺟﺤﻪ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻌﻠﻞ«‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٨٧ /٢‬وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬واﳌﻮﻗﻮف ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪.(٢٦٩ /٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮم‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻖ إﱃ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹﳊﺎد ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن إﱃ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل إﱃ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك‪ْ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳖﺎه اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﴡ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺔ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﻓﻬﻮ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺒﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ َ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﳊﺎد ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﱃ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ َ ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ اﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َﻧﻮى‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺎن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﲆ ﱠﻧﻴﺔ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ إﻻ ﰲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺔ وﱂ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﱂ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ رﲪﺔ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫واﻹﳊﺎد ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﲈ ِء ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺎ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮم‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻼل ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻪ وإن ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﲈ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪.(٣٦ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪ ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ن‪» ،(٤٦٠) ١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٨ /٦‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪» ،(٥١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٣٣ ،٣٣٢ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٤٠٧‬إﻳﻘﺎظ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺣﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻼل‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ .(٤٩٤‬وﻟﻔﻆ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﳊﺮم‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺋﺮ اﷲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم اﷲ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺘﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﳊﺎد ﰲ ﺣﺮم ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -١‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ وﻗﺎص ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ» :‬ﻻ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺢ ِﰲ ا َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﺎء«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ْﲈع ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻧﲈع َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاظ ♫ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َﻗَﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪة ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮء ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ َأراد َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ُﻮ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ ََﺔ ـ ـ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َﻫﺬه ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أذاﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﺢ ِﰲ ا ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎء«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﺬوب ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ◙ َﻗَﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺎﻓﻪ ا ﱠ ُ «)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨَﺔ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ ُْﺔ اﷲ ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺎفَ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨَﺔ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ْ َ » :(٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ َوﻻَ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ا ﱠ ُ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻَ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ـ ـ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎﻓﻬﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْﺒﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ َْ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ وﱂ ُ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻬﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﲈع«‪ :‬ذاب‪ ،‬أي‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٨٧٧‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ َ ْ » .(١٣٨٧‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ ِ .(١٣٨٦‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻐﲑا ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أرادﻫﺎ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺮاد ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎزﻳﺎ ُ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺪه ﻛﲈ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻲ‬ ‫واﺿﻤﺤﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻤﺤﻞ ﱡ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن َ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ☺ ُ َ‬ ‫أرادﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻋﻦ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫أرادﻫﺎ ﰲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻬﻠﻪ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﳌَﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٥٧ ،١٣٨ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٣٧٣٨‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺻﺪوق إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ .(١٨٠ /١٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻄﺎس وﺛﻘﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻻﰊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺮو ﻋﻨﻪ إﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺮف‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﲠﺬا اﳌﺘﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫وﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻷزرق ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫»اﻟﻜﻨﻰ واﻷﺳﲈء« )‪،(٧٣٣‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة اﻟﺬي ﺑﻌﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫أﻣﲑا ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺪم ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮاء ْ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪ َ :(١‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﴫ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ ََﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻨَﺔ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ً ْ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﺑﻨ َِﻴﻪ َﻓﻨ ﱢُﻜﺐ‪ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮج ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ِ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﳉﺎﺑﺮ‪ْ َ :‬ﻟﻮ َﺗﻨ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ َ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َﺤﻴﺖ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ْ َ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ َأ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻒ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺖ! َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل ْاﺑﻨ َُﺎه َ ْأو َ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ْﺒﻲ«‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧ َ‬ ‫ﺎف َﻣﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َﺟﻨ َ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ ا ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﻔﻪ‪ ْ ْ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وأﺧﺎﻓﻬﻢ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨَﺔ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﴏف َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫َُُْ‬ ‫ﻋﺪل«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺧﺎﻓﺔ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮء‪.‬‬ ‫وإرادﲥﻢ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻼل ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﴏح ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٩٣ ،٣٥٤ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪.(٣٥٨٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٧٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٤٢ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢِ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒ‪‬ﺎﺋﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺘ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻞﹲ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻃﻤﺌﻦ إﱃ‬ ‫وﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺰم ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎب؛ ‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮه ﰲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﺖ أﺟﺰم ﺑﻀﻌﻔﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮدد ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﱠأﲏ ﰲ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأ ﺎ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫رﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ؛ ﻓﻤﻌﻨﺎه َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﻮي‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ووﺟﻪ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺒﲑة ﱞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳞﺪﻳﻨَﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺷﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫ﳾء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ أن َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮاب ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أﴍك«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫»َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎدر‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺤﺎس‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﴫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﴫ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻰ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ر ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِع ُ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﴍﻛﺎ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺗﺒﺘﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﲈ ﻣﺎ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬ ‫أن ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﷲ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ أ َﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ْ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺮت ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ َ ﺎ ِ ُ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻬﺬا ُ َ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪه ﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ♫‪ :‬إن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ َ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٢٥١‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٥٣٥‬وأﲪﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺮوي ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺪاره ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ُ .(٦٩ /٢‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وروي ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪة‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨْﺪة‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وروي ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪َ ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺧﺮون‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(٢٠١‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮة أوﱃ اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(١٨٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ .(٣٠٤ /٢‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﱠإﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ اﷲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫إن َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎرف‪ ،‬وﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺜﲔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ واﻟﻨﱠﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺎ ﱂْ ﻳﺄت ِ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﻟﻨَﻬﻲ ﱢ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮه ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮا‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻨ َِﻢ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻞ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻒ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ْ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫وإﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﲈل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻟﻪ َ ُ َ‬

‫‪☺☺ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ َل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت‬ ‫رﻏﻢ َأ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﻠﺦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ‬ ‫ورﻏﻢ َأ ْ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺪه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻼه اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ورﻏﻢ أَ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺪه َأ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أدرك ﻋﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﱪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻒ َ ُ ٍ َْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻮاه َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ«‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺪ ْاﳌِﻨ َ َْﱪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ)‪ َ :(٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ِ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺪت ْاﳌﻨ َ َْﱪ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ ِ َ‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺪه ا ﱠ ُ ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻬﺮ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َأ َ ِﺎﲏ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َﻓﺄَ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫أدرك َﺷ ْ َ‬ ‫أدرك أَ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺪه ا ﱠ ُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﱪﳘﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َﻓﺄَ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﻳﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪ْ َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫أو َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﳘﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ُ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪ِ ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ﻋﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺪه َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ْ ْ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻌﺪه ا ﱠ ُ‪ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫آﻣﲔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫آﻣﲔ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‪َ ِ :‬‬ ‫َﻓﺄَ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ﻋﻨﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ‬ ‫ﺳﲈع‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪا ِ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ☺ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٣٥٤٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .،(٢٥٤ /٢‬وﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٢٥٥١‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮ اﻷ ﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ٍ ،(٦٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ آﺧﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ إﱃ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪ ،(٥٩٢٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٩٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٩٢ ،١٩٠ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺮر ﱡ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺤﻖ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ واﻟﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫☺ ُﱢ‬ ‫واﳍﻮان‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬل َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ☺ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲡﺐ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮب ﻓﻬﻮ ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮون ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﲆ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﳛََ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﱠإﻻ أن ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻪ ☺‪.‬‬ ‫أﺷﺒﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﺣﺮم َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮل َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ ََﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َﻋﺎﺻﻢ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ َأ َ ًﺴﺎ‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻼ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام َﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳜ َ َﺘﲆ َ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٦٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٨١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻒ َﻋﻨﱠﺎ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ ِﰲ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻦ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أرﺟﻠﻨَﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫أرﻫﻘﺘﻨَﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄدرﻛﻨَﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺴﺢ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨَﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر ـ ـ َ ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ َ ْأو َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﻪ‪ٌ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َﺎدى ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻘﺎب َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻓﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ َﺷﻌﺮةٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ اﷲ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ِﺑﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‪َ ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺟﻨ ََﺎﺑﺔ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﻬﺎ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﻳﺖ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮي)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻮء‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﳾء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺎت ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳾء ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ ً‬ ‫وأﺣﺎدﻳﺚ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﺗﻘﻮا ﱠ ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﲔ«‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ِ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﲆ ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﺎن َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻬﻢ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻨ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أو ﰲ ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٤١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٤٩‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٥٩٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٩٤ /١‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺄ ﻪ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲪ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎد ﺑﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼط‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ورواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢١١ ،٢٠٩ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٦٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫اﺗﻘﻮا ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رواﻳﺔ‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺎﻧﺎن«‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳌﻠﻌﻮن ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﲈ‪ ،‬أو ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪ :(١‬واﳌﻌﻨَﻰ‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﻘﻮا‬ ‫اﺗﻘﻮا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻟﺒﲔ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬ﱢ ﱡ‬ ‫ُﻮن َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ً‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻈﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻮن ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس اﻟﺬي ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻌﺪون ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ِ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﲑﻳﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﳾء َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ْﺑﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻓﺘﻴﺘﻨَﺎ ﰲ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻴﻨَﺎ ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳋﺮاء‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺷﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﳾء َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ ُ :‬ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨ َُﺔ اﷲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫☺‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻴﻤﺘﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻞ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫واﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ َواﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻌﲔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ‬ ‫أﲨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻮط ِﰲ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﳜ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ُ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم َ ْ‬ ‫ﻀﺒﻮن ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪ِ ِ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﳛﻮن َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﲈم‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﻮاﺻﻞ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٢ ،١٦١ /٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٨٦ /١‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،(٩٨ /١‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻮاﻗﻔﻲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٠٦ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٢١٢‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٥٠٧٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٧٣ /١‬ووﻫﻢ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳉﻮزي ﻓﻀﻌﻔﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﳌﺨﺎرق‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ اﳉﺰري ﻛﲈ ﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ داود‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٦١ /١‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱂْ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎق ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫دار‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻀﺎب ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ُ‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮب؛ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ََُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﳊﺮب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﻮاز‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮون‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻀﺐ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺘﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪ْ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻫﺬه َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﻀﺎب ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻴﻢ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺪي‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ا َ ﱡﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬ﻟﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َﺧﲑا َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ‬ ‫أن َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻒ َ ْ َ َ ْ ً ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲇ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﴬ‪ :‬ﻻَ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫أدري‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮا‪ْ َ ،‬أو َﺳﻨ ًَﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أﻗﺎل َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ْ ً‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري ◙ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ُ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳾء ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺪﻓﻌﻪ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن أَ َﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺄراد َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳚَ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎز َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰه َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻄﺎن«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ ُ َ‬ ‫ََُْ ُْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮور؛ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﻨَﻰ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺘﴣ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ أن‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫َُﱠ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٣٥٤ /١٠‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥١٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٥٠٧‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )‪ :(٥٨٥ /١‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎر ﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫أن ا ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪي ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲇ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﺎر أن ِ َ‬ ‫َﺬﻛﻮرة ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺪة اﳌ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻒ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوره ﺑﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٠٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٠٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري )‪.(٥٨٦ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪي ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲇ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮور ﺑﲔ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺮور ﺑﲔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ إذا َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪي ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲇ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬وﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫إﱃ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲇ ﻣﺎ َذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ« ـ ـ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ا َ ﱡﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪي ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻌﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﺛﻢ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ُ ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪☺ -١‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ً‬ ‫أﺧﺎﻟﻒ ِ َإﱃ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫آﻣﺮ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﳘﻤﺖ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻮن‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻄﺐ ﺑﻴﻮﲥﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ َ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ِ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﲈ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺰم ْ َ َ ِ ُ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺤﺮﻗﻮا َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺂﻣﺮ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َﳚ ُﺪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺎء«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﺳﻤﻴﻨًﺎ َ َ ِ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ا ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ْ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ َ َ‬ ‫إن َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ واﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼةٍ َ َ‬ ‫وﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺸﺎء َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻘﲔ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌ ُﻨ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫أن آﻣﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َْ ِْ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮا‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳘﻤﺖ َ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻮﳘﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﲈ َﻷَ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮن َﻣﺎ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر )‪.(١٢ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٨٤ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(٢٦٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣٥ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٤٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٦٥١‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻌﻬﻢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َأ ْ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫آﻣﺮ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺣﻄﺐ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﺣﺰم ْ‬ ‫ﻄﻠﻖ َﻣﻌﻲ ِ ِ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﲇ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫ُﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﲥﻢ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪون ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ُ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﺮق َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ)‪ُ » :(١‬ﺛﻢ ِآﰐ َﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﱡ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﲥﻢ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ً ُ َ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻷﰊ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻮن ﰲ ُ ُ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺔ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ِِ ْ‬ ‫ﺮض َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲔ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ :‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻫﺬا ِ ﱠﳑﺎ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﻓ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﺟﺎﺑﻮا ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫واﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﻫﻞ ِﻫﻲ ُﺳﻨ ٌﱠﺔ ْأم ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ُُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‪ُ َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻴﺎق‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﻫﺆﻻء ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﲔ ﻋﲆ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﱠأﳖﻢ ُ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮر اﳉﲈﻋﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮون ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﳛﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲔ َ َ ﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺮق ﺑﻞ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪه‪ .‬وﻷ ﱠﻪ ﱂ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫☺ وﰲ ْ‬ ‫‪    -٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ َ ْ ُ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﴎه َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺎﻓﻆ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﷲ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙‪ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪا ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﻰ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﻦ‪ْ َ َ َ ..‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َﺎدى ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ُﻳﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء ﱠ َ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُﺘﻨَﺎ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱠ ُ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎم ِﰲ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻠﲔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳞﺎدى َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ِﺑﻪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﱠ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ َ‬ ‫‪  -٣‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ وأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﳖﲈ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻮاد ِﻣﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫☺ َُ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ْﱪه‪َ » :‬ﻟﻴَﻨ َ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺎت‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ودﻋﻬﻢ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﲔ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺘﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ودﻋﻬﻢ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺎت«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ«‪ .‬ﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ْ َ » :(٤‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ ِ ْ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪.(٥٤٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٥٣ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٥٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺷﺎذ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ .(٧٩٤‬ﺛﻢ إن ﳛﻴﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻨَﺎء‪ ،‬ورواه ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﻟﺴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ رواه ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﳊﴬﻣﻲ ﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ زﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻷول‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٧٠‬ﻋﻦ ا َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻴﻤﻲ ♫)‪ْ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫إﺗﻴﺎن َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﻔﺮاد ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﲣ َﺬ ذﻟﻚ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻨ ََﺔ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ٍ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺣﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﲈﻋﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َ َ‬ ‫وﻫﻮاﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫)‪ُ ِ :(٣‬‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﲇ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرك َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫واﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ ً‬ ‫ار ﻋﲆ ﺗﺮك َﺻﻼة ُ ُ‬ ‫ﴏ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬اﻹ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪ُ ْ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ِ ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻖ ُ ُ ﱢ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﺮق ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﲔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد أ ﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ إﻻ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ رأ ُﺘﻨَﺎ وﻣﺎ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻨ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﱢﻔﺎق‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﳘﺎ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ أو َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪ أو ِ‬ ‫إﻃﺒﺎق ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ُ َ :(٥‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ﻣﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎت َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ ﰲ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻷﲏ ُ‬ ‫أﺟﺰم ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫أﻣﻴﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ )‪(٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﱰك ُ َ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ؟ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻫﻞ ﻳﺄ َ ُﻢ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن )‪.(٤٥٤ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(٢٦٩ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪ .(٣٠٧ ،٣٠٦) ٢‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺬه ﰲ ن‪.١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ )‪.(٥٨١ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣٦ /١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‪ِ ِ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻮب ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﳌ َْﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬وﳌﻦ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ٌ‬ ‫اﳋﻼف‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺄ ٌﺔ َ َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﺗﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺄ َ ُﻢ؛ وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َﺻﻼة َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ ﻓﻼ ِ ُ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮب‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة إذا َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ ³² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª S :‬‬ ‫» ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ ‪Í Ì Ë Ê ÉÈ Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À‬‬ ‫‪Rá à ß Þ ÝÜ Û Ú Ù Ø ×Ö Õ Ô Ó ÒÑ Ð Ï Î‬‬

‫)‪.(٩٥ :a‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎد َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻘﻢ اﷲ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺘﻠﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻘﻢ اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة‪ :‬وﻣﻦ ﻋﺎد َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻟﺰاﻣﻪ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺘﻠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة‪ :‬ﻋﺎد َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻘﻢ اﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺘﻠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ ﱠ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏح َ ٌ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٣٢ /١‬وﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ َ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎ ﻣﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ْ ِ ،‬إذ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ ُ ُ ً َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﲥﻢ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن َ ُﻟﻪ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءه َ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ ِ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ْ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺛﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻬﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻚ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﳛِ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻰ ِ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮء ِ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻰ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫إﺛﲈ َ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ » :(٢‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮت«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮء ِ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻗﺎرﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺘﻪ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻋﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄوﻻده ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﳑﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪َ ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وزوﺟﺘﻪ ورﻗﻴﻘﻪ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻗﺒﺢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫وأﻓﺤﺸﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺮه ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻪ أن‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻖ‬ ‫إن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﲥﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺻﺎروا ﻳﺴﺄ َ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫وﴍدﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن«‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ا َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﻫﻮ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻮاﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﳋﺎزن َ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ َ ْ َ » .(٩٩٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(١٦٩٢‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(١٦٠ /٢‬وﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺪ َوﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ وﺛﻘﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ أ ًﻀﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻨْﻊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(١٠٢ /٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮﲥﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﲑ َﻣﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫إﻓﺮاده‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ِ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮغ َ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ أو ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ ِْ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َأ ِ ِﻴﻪ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮدي ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮن ْ ُ ْ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ِﺑﲈ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﴩ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ﱠ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮار‪َ » :‬أ ﱡ َﲈ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة َ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻞ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰوج ْ َ َ ً َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ َﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆد ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻬﺮ َ ْأو َ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ وﻫﻮ َ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زان«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا ﱠ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ٌ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ورﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮ َ ً‬ ‫وذﻫﺐ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﴣ َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺰوج ْ َ‬ ‫أة‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ِ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫داﺑﺔ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫وآﺧﺮ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ َََْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺜﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺟﺮﺗﻪ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻼ‪َ ْ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺰوج‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ‪ ‬ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٣‬أن ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاق‪ .‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬وﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أن ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨﱠﺎس َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﳛﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻨ ﱠﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﳾء‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪ .(١٨٥١‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻬﻴﺐ وأﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ ،‬وﰲ إﺳﻨﺎدﳞﲈ ﻣﻘﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٨٢ /٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻌﺪوي‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ رﺗﺒﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺮد ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺘﻦ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪.(٩٩٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٦٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤٧ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬أ ﱡ َﲈ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎن ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةٍ َﺳﺄَ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ َْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻗﺎ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﺎ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ََ ً‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺮام َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس‪ٌ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼق ﻣﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﲈ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َُﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺎل ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس«‪ :‬أي ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻗﺎ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َﻣﺎ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺷﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪َ » :(٣‬ﺳﺄَ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ َْ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻠﺠﺌﻬﺎ إﱄ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎرﻗﺔ؛ ﻛﺄن‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود اﷲ ﻓﻴﲈ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﲣﺎف أن ﻻ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﲨﻴﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ أو ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﺨﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩة‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‬ ‫‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٢٢٦‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١١٨٧‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪ ،‬واﻷﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻼ‪ ،‬وروي ﺑﺈﲠﺎم‬ ‫روي ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٠٥٥‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٢٧٧ /٥‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪي ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬اﻷﻇﻬﺮ اﻹرﺳﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫وﺻﻞ ﻋﻨﺪه‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر« )‪.(٢٦٢ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح اﳌﺸﻜﺎة« )‪» ،(٢٣٤٢ /٧‬ﻓﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ« )‪» ،(١٣٨ /٣‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺪي ﻋﲆ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٦٣٣ /١‬اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﴍح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ« )‪.(٤٢٢ /٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٨١ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(٢٠٢‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ إذا أ ْ َﺠﺄ ْﻪ إﱃ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼق ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺪال ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳚ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن أ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﳛَُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄذﻳﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄذﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﱢ ً‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ُ ٌْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ‪ R + * ) ( ' & % $ # " S :‬إﱃ أن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ‪¤ £ ¢ ¡ ~ } |{ z y x w v u t s S :‬‬ ‫‪² ± ° ¯ ® ¬ « ª ©¨ § ¦ ¥‬‬ ‫‪¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸¶ µ ´ ³‬‬ ‫‪RÉ È Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À‬‬

‫)`‪.(١٤-١٢ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺮاه‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﺟﻬﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻠﲈء؛ اﻷول‪ R À ¿ ¾ ½ S :‬ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ َﺑﲈ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻮارﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ أﻣﺮاه َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺋﺾ اﷲ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﻪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺎه ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺮﳘﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮارﻳﺚ وﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ R À ¿ ¾ ½ S :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬وﻣﻦ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎن ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪون ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮن‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻻ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻴﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﲑاث‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﻟﻠﻨﱢﺴﺎء ﱢ‬ ‫أوﳜﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻄﱪي ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﴡ اﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻬﲈ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺷﻜﺎ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻮارﻳﺚ؟ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫ﲨﻊ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫أن اﷲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬إذا َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺎد اﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎده ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ذﻟﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬أو َ‬ ‫ْﻜﺮه ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺑﲔ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻣﺮﳘﺎ ‪ ..‬ﻛﲈ اﺳﺘﻨ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ وﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻮد ﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫أﺷﻜﺎﳍﻢ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﷲ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻛﺎﻓﺮا وﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎره ُ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن )‪.(٤٩١ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫َﻒ ِﰲ ْاﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﳊَﻨ ُ‬ ‫واﻹﴐا ُر َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮﺻﻴﺔ َ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ َ‪Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾ ½ S :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪ ُ :(٢‬ﱠ‬

‫‪.R Æ Å‬‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﻛﲔ َﻟﻪ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮان ْ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﺘﻖ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺼﲔ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪َ ،‬ﱂْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰأﻫﻢ َأ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﲠﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ ُﻟﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫َﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻗﺮع َ ْﺑﻴﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻼﺛﺎ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻖ ْاﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأرق َ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َﲔ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ََ ََْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻻ َ ِ ً‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫أﺻﲇ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳘﻤﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫أن َﻻ ُ َ ﱢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ْ‬ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ)‪َ َ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺷﺐ ♫‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺎف ِﰲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ َﺳﻨ ًَﺔ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫إن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺘﻪ؛‬ ‫اﳋﲑ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫أوﴅ َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﴩ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ ِ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وإن ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺎر‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ؛ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ َﺳﻨ ًَﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﲑ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺪل ِﰲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ«‪َ َ .‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل َأ ُﻮ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ُ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺘﻪ‪ُ َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺘﻢ‪َ ِ (١٣ :`) R¨ § ¦ S :‬إﱃ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻗﺮءوا ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪È Ç S :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫‪.(٥)(١٤:`) RÉ‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٧١ /٦‬وﻗﺎل‪ِ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ورﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وروى‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪ ،(٤٢٩٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻐﲑة ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻜﺮ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ .‬ورواه ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )‪،(١٣٢ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪،(٢٠٥ /١١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٦٨‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(١٩٥٨‬ﻋﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٨٦٧‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢١١٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ُ .(٢٧٨ /٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ّ :‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺷﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫َ ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ واﻹﴐا َر ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺜﻌﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻮر ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬

‫واﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺎدل‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺎدل ♫‪ :‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﲑاث َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﻻ رﻳﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ورﺛﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻴﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﲈ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺄن َ ُ‬ ‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرة‬ ‫ﴐا ُر ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ َ ً‬ ‫ﳜ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ اﳊﻨﺒﲇ ♫ ‪ :‬واﻹ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴬر ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ اﷲ ﻟﻪ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة ﻋﲆ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻄﻰ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﳍﺬا َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻪ‪َ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِذي َ ﱟ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻨ َِﺒﻲ ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮارث«)‪ً َ َ َ .(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪َ َ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﴆ َ ْ ﱟ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْﻘﺺ ُ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﺎرة ِ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﱡ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳍَ َﺬا َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ » :‬ﱡ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻠﺚ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮه‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬أن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺎدل ♫)‪ :(٥‬اﻹ ّﴐا ر ﰲ ّ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﴆ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ أو ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬أو ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬أو ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺸﻒ واﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن« )‪» ،(٢٩٨ /٣‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪،٤١١ /٣٥ ،٣٠٩ /٣١‬‬ ‫‪» ،(٤٢٦‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٣١١) ٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨١ ،٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻠﺒﺎب ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب«‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٣٦ /٦‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ )‪ ،(٢٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪ ،(٣٠٤‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪» ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،(٤٤٠ ،٤٣١ /١‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٩٩ ،٣٩٧‬ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻼم )‪ ،(٥٥٣ /٢‬إﻳﻘﺎظ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ .(٤٩٤‬وﱂ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﳊﻜﻢ )‪.(٢١٣ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪه ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢١٢٠‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ )‪ ،(٢٧١٣‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ .(٢٨٧٠‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬إرواء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ« )‪.(١٦٥٥‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ٍ.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٧٤٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ ،(١٦٢٩‬ﻋﻦ ْاﺑﻦ َ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﻠﺒﺎب ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب« )‪.(٢٢٩ /٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺬي َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻻ ِ ََ‬ ‫ﻓﻼن ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‪ ،‬أو ُ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﲑاث ﻋﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ٍ‬ ‫رﺧﻴﺺ‪ ،‬أو ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﺎل‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮﻓﺎه َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰي ً‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ً‬ ‫ووﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬أو ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ا ُﺎل إﱃ اﻟﻮرث‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﴆ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض أﻻّ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻻ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ا ﱠ ِ‪.‬‬ ‫أن اﻹﴐا َر ﰲ اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ داﺧﻞ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ أﻣﻮال‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺎت َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﱡ ْ ِ‬ ‫داﺧﻼ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫وﺳﻴﺎق‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾ ½ S :‬‬ ‫‪ ،RÉ È Ç‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ اﷲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻻ ُﳜ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺎر إن ﻛﺎن ﻣﺆﻣﻨًﺎ ﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﱠﳑﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ ً‬ ‫اﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن أ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺ -١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛﺔ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫اﳋﺰاﻋﻲ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺮج ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﺐ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاظ‪ٍ ِ ْ َ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪﻛﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﱪ«‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ َ ْ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ُ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ ُ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳉﻮاظ«‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻞ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬أﻻَ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻮع ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻨ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪  ☺ -٢‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎر ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ﱠ ِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻳﲈن ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﺢ َ ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ْﺨﺮي ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َ َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ ُ ﱞ‬ ‫وﻻ َﳚْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ ﰲ َﻣﻨ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ودﺧﺎن َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٣١١٥ ،٣١١٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٤٤١ /٢‬واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻰ ِﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺞ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﻦ ِﰲ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪،(١٦٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ا ﱠ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮد ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎر ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا ﱠ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ودﺧﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﳚَ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﴬع‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ )‪.(٣٥٥ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ☺ -٣‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮا اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺑﻘﺎت«‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺢ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮم‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ‪ َ ،‬ﱡ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﺲ ﱠاﻟﺘﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ْاﻟﻴَ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬفُ‬ ‫ا ﱠ ُ ِ ﱠإﻻ ِ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺘﻴﻢ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ َ ﱢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻼت ْ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت ْ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺼﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُْ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ ☺ -٤‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﱢ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺋﻦ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﺊ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨﱠ َﺔ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫» َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻜﺔ ‪.«..‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺧﺐ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ٌ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫‪  -٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﺗﻘﻮا ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈت ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﺸﺢ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺢ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺗﻘﻮا اﻟ ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ‪َ ،‬ﲪ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ُ ُ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡْ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ِ‬ ‫دﻣﺎءﻫﻢ َ ْ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﳏﺎرﻣﻬﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻠﻮا َ َ ِ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻜﻮا َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ♫)‪ :(٣‬وﳍﺬا ﻗﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﱡ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺷﺎذ وﺧﻄﺄ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ .(٣٦٧١‬واﳌﺤﻔﻮظ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﺤﺮ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺪل اﻟﺸﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ورد ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺎت‪» :‬اﻟﺴﺤﺮ«‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٧٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى« )‪.(٤٣٧ /٢٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٣٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﺢ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫إن َأ َﺎ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ ِ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ِﻫﻨْﺪ ُ ّأم ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫▲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮك ﻣﺎ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ وﺑﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ِﻪ ِﴎا ؟ َ َ‬ ‫َﺎح َ ْ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻚ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫آﺧﺬ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﺧﺬي َأ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷول‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﻻ‬ ‫أن اﻟﺸﺢ ﻛﺒﲑة ﻓﻼ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف«)‪ ،(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ َْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺎل‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ ِ‬ ‫زﻛﺎة ا ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺢ اﻟﺬي ِ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫زﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﰲ اﳌﺴﺄ ﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ؛ ﱡ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺢ اﻟﺬي ﳛ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﲡﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮ؛ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﱡ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺢ اﻟﺬي ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻀﻴﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻌﻬﻢ؛ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬ﱡ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻘﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺢ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ أﻫﻠﻪ ووﻟﺪه وﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫◙‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪R @ ? > = < ;: 9 8S :‬‬

‫)^‪.(٢٨٣ :‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮد ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺎن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﻮارد ﻋﲆ ﻛﺘﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪? > = < S :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫@‪َ ِ ،(٢٨٣ :^) R‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻬﺎ َ َ َ‬ ‫واﻧﺘﺰع ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺦ اﷲ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ :‬وﻣﻦ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻼوة ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪ ،(٢٢١١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٧١٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ دراﻳﺔ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ« )‪.(٦٢٤ /١٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪}| { z y x w v u t s r q S :‬‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل َ َ‬

‫~  ¡ ‪.(١٠٦ :a) R ¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻢ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وى َ ْ‬ ‫ور ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ ِ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰور«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ْ‬ ‫دﻋﻲ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ا ﱠ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اك ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺷﻬﺎدة ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰور‪،‬‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،(٧٢ :a) R T S R Q P O N M L K JS‬‬ ‫وﻛﺘﲈن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة؛ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َِْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪R@ ? > = < S :‬‬ ‫ﻷن ا ﱠ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫)^‪.(٢)(٢٨٣ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم ﱡ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن داﻻ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد اﻹﺛﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻻ رﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪ .(٤١٦٧‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ ُ ﱠﻗﺮة‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي )‪ ،(١٢٧ /٥‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ )‪ ،(٣٠٥١‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎل ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﱂ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪ ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٧ /١٣‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪،(٢٠٠ /٨‬‬ ‫»اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪ ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(١٥٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٢٢ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ ،(٢٣‬إﻳﻘﺎظ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة )‪ .(٤٩٤‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﴏﺣﻮا ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻼل ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻷداء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‬ ‫دﻋﻲ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﲈ إذا ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻷداء ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ إذا ﱂْ ﻳﺘﻌ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪان ﻏﲑه ﱂ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﻷداء‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َ َ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄَ ﱠ َﲈ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺮدﺷﲑ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ْﺰﻳﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ودﻣﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﳊﻢ ﺧﻨ ِ ٍ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫اﳋﻄﻤﻲ ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ودم ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﲇ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ِ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫» َﻣﺜَ ُﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺰﻳﺮ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ْﱠﺮد ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﲇ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪه ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ودﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﳊﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻎ َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺒﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﲈ إذا َ َ‬ ‫وأﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ا َﺎل ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳊﻢ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر؛‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫ ُﺮ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻮ ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ إﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫واﳉﻤﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢٢٦٠‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٥ /١٥‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﻤﻲ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٧٠ /٥‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ َ ْ ّ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ« )‪» ،(٢٦٩ /٦‬ﺗﺒﻴﲔ اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ« )‪» ،(٢٢٣ /٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٨١ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٣٠٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٢٩ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٥٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل إﻣﺎم اﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ :‬واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ أ ﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﲑي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ☺‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﺳﲈء ﺑﻨﺖ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﴐة‪،‬‬ ‫إن ِﱄ َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن َ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﻲ؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻌﺖ ْ‬ ‫َﺎح ِ ْ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬ ‫زوﺟﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻞ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺲ َ ْﺛﻮﰊ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻊ ِ َﺑﲈ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫زور«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫» َُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫إن َ ْ ِ‬ ‫زوﺟﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮل ِ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ! َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎِﲏ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة َ َ ْ‬ ‫أن ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ َﱂ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺲ َ ْﺛﻮﰊ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ‪ِ ِ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻊ ِ َﺑﲈ َﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻨﻲ َ َ َ‬ ‫زور«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ َ َ ُ ْ » :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ ُْْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻜﺜﺮ ﺑﲈ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪه ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٥‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﺜﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬم‬ ‫ﻃﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪه َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻣﻮم‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻮﰊ ٍ‬ ‫زور‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬وأ ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺗﻔﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ أ ﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل ﺣﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪي ﰲ »ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ :(٤٥٢‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻛﻼم اﻟﻨﻮوي ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻗﻮل اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻹﲨﺎع ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻜﺬا ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ ﰲ »اﳌﻐﻨﻲ« )‪ ،(١٧١ /١٠‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻹﲨﺎع ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ )‪ (١٧٢ /١٠‬ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻓﻼ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪.(٢٩٣ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٥٢١٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٣٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٢٩‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻻ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١١٠ /١٤‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻊ َﺑﲈ ﱂ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ َ ُ :(١‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪        ☺   -١‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء!‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻦ َ ْ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﲏ َ َ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْﻬﻦ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻟﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر؛ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ﻣﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«‪َ ْ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮن ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪ِ َ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ِ ْ ُ » :‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر؟ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‪.(٢)«..‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮن ﱠ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َﻟﻨَﺎ َﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻔﺮن ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أرﻳﺖ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ُ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻔﺮن ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺮن ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬أ َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮن« ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮن َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﲑا‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫رأت ِﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫أﺣﺴﻨ َْﺖ ِ َإﱃ ِ ْ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫إﺣﺪاﻫﻦ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْﻟﻮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رأ ْ ُﺖ ﻣﻨ َْﻚ َ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻂ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺴﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪َ ُ َ ُ :(٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٣٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٩‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٠٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(٦٦ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪ ،(٤٥٢) ١‬وﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ ن‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ن‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  -٢‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤٍﺮو ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ا ﱠ ُ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ٍ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ» :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻻ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةٍ ﻻ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻨﻲ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﻬﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا وإن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع؛‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأي‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(١‬وﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫أن َﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺜﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰوج‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ أن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺟﺪا؛ ﻓﻼ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬وﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺣﺴﺎن ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺜﲔ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻴﺪ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺴﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻔﺮان َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪي ٌ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٨٩ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ« )‪» ،(٢٤٤ /٣‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪» ،(٤٥٢) ١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٣٧‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ«‬ ‫)‪» ،( ،١٨٩ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٥١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب )‪ .(١٣٢‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻔﺮان ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻠﺰم ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮان ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ ُ ْ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة )‪َ ُ َ ُ :(٣١٥ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻨ ََﺔ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺮج ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫إن ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻠﻚ َﻟﻪ وﻻ ﻟ ِﻨ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳾ ٌء ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫َﻔﺴﻪ َﴐا‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻪ دﻳﻨ ُُﻪ‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ْﺑﻴﺘﻪ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﺟﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﴚء‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻳﺖ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺧﲆ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺴﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫َوﻻ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وذﻳﺖ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌﺎ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺳﺨﻂ ا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ ﱠَ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن َﺑﲈ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻣﺪح َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺿﺎ ا ِ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺨﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺲ ِ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺨﻂ ا ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫رﴈ ا ﱠ ُ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺲ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأرﴇ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫رﺿﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ‬ ‫وأﺳﺨﻂ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ﱠُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٤٣٧ /٤‬واﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺰﻫﺪ )‪.(٣٨٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺧﻼف‪ ،‬وأﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٤١٤‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪.(٢٧٦‬‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ« )‪.(١٨٠٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣١١ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮا ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِْ‬ ‫إن َ ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ َ ﱢ ً‬ ‫رﺑﻜﻢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺳﺨﻄﺘﻢ َ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺄذن َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﺋﺬﻧﻮا َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺧﻮ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺌﺲ اﺑﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ َد َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺲ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻻن َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑة ـ ـ َ ْأو ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﲑة ـ ـ «‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ِْ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َأ َ ﻨ َْﺖ َ ُﻟﻪ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أي َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل؟ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ َﻣﺎ ُ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫إن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺗﻘﺎء ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻣﻨ ِ َ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺸِﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ـ ـ ﱢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ودﻋﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ـ ـ َْأو َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﴍ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٧٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٤٦ /٥‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪.(٧٦٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ا ﺎﺋﺔ« )‪» ،(٣٢‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٢٦٩‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦١٣١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٥٩١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٦ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٤٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٥٧‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪:‬‬ ‫اﺗﻘﺎء ُ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺎ ِﺑﺬﻳﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻼزم‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫وﳛﺬروﻧﻪ ﱢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻛﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺸﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬أن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﱰاض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺤﺶ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻴﻨُﻮا ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ُ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱰك اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫وﳜﻀﻌﻮا ﻟﻪ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ً‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫وﴍه‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺸﻪ َ ﱢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮت‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫َﺎدى ِ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ اﳌﻨ َ َْﱪ َﻓﻨ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻢ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﱂ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺾ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫رﻓﻴﻊ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺆذوا‬ ‫ﻣﻌﴩ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرة َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲑوﻫﻢ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ َ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﻪ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُْ ِِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻮراﲥﻢ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫وﻻ َ ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻮا َ ْ َ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫وﻻ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻮف ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﺤﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺣﻠﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ﰲ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرﺗﻪ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرﺗﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ا ﱠُ َََُْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺖ َأو ِ َإﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫وﻧﻈﺮ ْ ُ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻤﻚ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ِﻣﻨ ِْﻚ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻚ‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﺆﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﺤﻪ اﷲ ﻗﺪ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ أﱠن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻮرات‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺄن َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َِْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫دﳍﻢ وﺛﻘﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٠٣٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٥٧٦٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ أوﰱ ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف ‪ ،‬وﻻ أدري ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﰲ أﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٩٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٠٧ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ ﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻚ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرات اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬا ﻋﺪه اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ َ َ َ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮراﺗﻪ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﺤﻪ َ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫وﻳﺬﻟﻪ ِ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ ُ َ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﰱ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ ﻗﺎل‪ُ ْ ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ‪ ِ ،‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ِ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮةِ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫ِﱠإﻻ ُ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﱰه ا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َ َ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼن! َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰه َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎت َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ ُ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺼﺒﺢ ْ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﱰ ا ﱠ ِ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َُ ْ ُِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫واﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺠﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﺷﻜﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻹﺟﻬﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻻ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻓﺎه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﰲ اﷲ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َﴍ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة إذا ﺳََﱰ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑة ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮه ﻋﻨﺪ ِ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﻪ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪث َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫‪ :‬وﰲ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﱰ ﲠﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف؛‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺬل َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﱰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫وﺳﱰ اﷲ ُ ِ ٌ‬ ‫أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﱰ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﱰه‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮة ﲠﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رﺑﻪ ْ‬ ‫أﻏﻀﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﱢ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫رﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﱰه ﱠإﻳﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس؛ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫زﻟﺘﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٠٦٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ َ ُ » .(٢٩٩٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﰱ«‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﻮ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ورﲪ َِﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬إﻻ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ«‪ :‬ﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪:(١١٩ /١٨‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ ﴐورةٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﲠﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫وأﻇﻬﺮوﻫﺎ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﱰ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﺻﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺮوا‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻛﺸﻔﻮا ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻖ اﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳉﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎل‪ :‬ﰲ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف َ ﱢ‬ ‫َْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﴩ َ‬ ‫ِ َْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ َﴐب ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ ِِ‬ ‫َﺎد ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﱰ ﲠﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺑﺼﺎﳊﻲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫)‪.(٤٨٧ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٦ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪ ،(٣٦٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(١٣٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ ُ َ ً‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ« ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﰱ ِ ﱠإﻻ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ُ » :‬ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎر ﲠﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف َ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪Ç Æ Å Ä Ã Â Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º S :‬‬ ‫‪Û Ú Ù Ø ×Ö Õ Ô Ó Ò Ñ ÐÏ Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È‬‬

‫‪.(١١ :¯) R ã â á à ß Þ ÝÜ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻵﻳﺔ ً‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﲑة إن ﻛﺎن ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪Ø S‬‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ R Ü Û Ú Ù‬ﻳﻌﻮد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﲢﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻌﻮد ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺎﴆ ً‬ ‫وﲢﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻌﻮد ﻋﲆ أﻗﺮﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،R Ö Õ ÔS :‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪¿ ¾½ ¼»º¹S :‬‬

‫‪.(٧٩ :e) RÍ Ì Ë Ê É È ÇÆ Å Ä Ã Â Á À‬‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ ﺣﻴﺎن ♫)‪ :(١‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﳌﺰ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻘﺒﻬﲈ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ َ ،‬ﺎ ُ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺴﻌﺪي ♫)‪ :(٢‬ﱠﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدر‬ ‫ﺣﺚ اﷲ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺜﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻤﺰ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﻞ‪ُ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻮا ﻣﻦ أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ ﱞﻛﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪه َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻞ اﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﻘﲑ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ُ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎء ﱡ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮن ُ ْ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺤﻴﻂ )‪.(٧٧ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ )‪.(٣٤٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﷲ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﻫﺬا‪ .‬ﻓﺄ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﺰل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ Rº ¹S :‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮن‪َ ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻌﻨﻮن ‪R ¿ ¾½¼»S‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاءون‪ُ ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻳﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻔﺨﺮ اﻟﺮازي ♫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪t s r q p S :‬‬ ‫‪R¦ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¡  ~} | { zy x w v u‬‬

‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ♠ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫)^‪ ،(٦٧ :‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﺮون ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬه ِ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﻹﻳﲈﳖﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻓﺮ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ٌ َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻦ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ َﻻ َ ْ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻒ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﺎﻓﻖ‪ُ :‬ذو ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وإﻣﺎم ُ ْ ِ ٌ‬ ‫وذو ْ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ ِﰲ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻂ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠإﻻ ُﻣﻨ ِ ٌ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ٌ َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ِ ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺣﻢ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ِﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺮف َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََِْ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﻧﺎ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫي ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻬﺰﺋﲔ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫إن ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﺑﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫وﻏﻤﻪ‪َ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ُ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ِﰲ ْ‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻢ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻲء ِ َ ْ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ُ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ« )‪.(١٠٩ /٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٧٨١٩ /٨‬واﺑﻦ زﻧﺠﻮﻳﻪ ﰲ اﻷﻣﻮال )‪ ،(٥١‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻷﳍﺎﲏ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻣﻄﺮح ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻷﺳﺪي ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢٢ /٢‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٩٤٣‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد )‪ ،(٣٥٤‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ أﰊ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ .‬وأﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪،(٢٠٧ ،١٨٥ /٢‬‬ ‫واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٩٢٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪه‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻮاب ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺰال َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ُ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻏﻠﻖ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫إن َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫دوﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻢ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ََُ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺎس«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﲈ َﻳﺄْ ﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ُ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎد اﷲ َ‬ ‫وازدراؤه ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ِ ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺮﻳﺘﻪ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ :‬ﱡ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﺣﺘﻘﺎره ﱠإﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ِ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻋﺔ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪ُ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫أﻓﺮادﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻴﺒﺔ وﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف ﲠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء ْ ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﱡ ِ ُ‬ ‫أﲨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َ‬ ‫ﳎﺎل اﻟﻨ َﱠﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳌﺰ ِ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ :(٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻌﻔﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل ﱠ ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪L K J IH G F E DC B A @ ? > S :‬‬ ‫‪R \ [ Z Y XW V U T S R Q P O N M‬‬

‫)^‪.(٢١٧ :‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪا رواه ﻏﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ .‬وﻣﺮاﺳﻴﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن )‪ ،(٦٣٣٣‬وﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺿﻌﻒ اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٣ /٢ ،١٥٩ ،١٣٠ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(١٧٧ ،١٣٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ُ َ ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻬﺮ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎل ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫إﲨﺎع‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺮم‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎل ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻟﻶﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ُ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﻮم ﻓﻘﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ َ ٌ‬ ‫واﺟﺐ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُﺣ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳉﻤﻬﻮر ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﻷﻟﻮﳼ ♫)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﱠ ِ ُ‬ ‫َ ََِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﻮم ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺴﺦ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻬﺮ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﳊﺮم أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﰲ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺑﻘﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ِ ِ‬ ‫راﺋﺤﺔ اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺮح َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑةِ َ ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫رﳛﻬﺎ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫وإن ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪا َﱂ ْ َ ِ ْ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة ِﻣﻦ َأ ﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮان ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ ِ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎء َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪا‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫آﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ ِ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ ُ َ ِ ً‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺼﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬أو َ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫أو ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬أﻻ َ ْ‬ ‫دﻧﻴﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺐ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أو َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَ َﺎ َ ُ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺎن أو ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻣﺔ أو َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻏﺪر أو ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ أو ْ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬روح اﳌﻌﺎﲏ« )‪.(٩١ /١٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻣﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٠٥٢‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ .(٢٠٥ /٩‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮ َﺻﺨﺮ اﳌﺪﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺒﻬﻤﻮن‪ ،‬وﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ أو ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٤٤٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٩٤ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺒﻖ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬أﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر ﺑﻪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ٌَ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺒﲑة ﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫دوﳖﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺴﺒﻪ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺪر‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫أن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻤﺮو ¶‪ّ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻐﺾ‬ ‫إن ا ﱠ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻞ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻞ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻴﻎ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل؛ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٢‬ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺪق َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻞ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻠﻒ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﺮاد ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﺪﺣﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم وﺗﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺬﻣﻮم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﻼء‬ ‫ْﻤﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﻖ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٥ /٢‬وأ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥٠٠٥‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٨٥٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن اﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﺛﻼﺛٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫وﺟﻨﺢ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺸﻚ ﰲ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪ ،‬وﺟﺰم اﻷﻛﺜﺮون‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺪوق إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ رواه ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎﺻﻢ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﱂ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ إﱃ إﻋﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺛﻘﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ) ‪.(٦٩‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻼم ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫واﺣﱰاز‪َ ِ .‬‬ ‫)‪ ْ » (٣‬ﱠ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻮي ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎط‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُ َ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺪق«‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺑﻼﻏﺘﻪ‪ َ َ َ » ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱢ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻴﻎ«‪ :‬أي‪ُ َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺪق‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة«‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل أﺳﻨ َِﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻞ ْ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳﺮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ أو ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ«‪ :‬أي‪َ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻏﺘﻪ‪َ َ » .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫أي‪ َ :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫وﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺪق ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺴﺎﳖﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم َ‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻔﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻸ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﻨﺎﳖﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ اﻟﺒﻘﺮة ﻓﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﳖﺎ‪» .‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪» ،(٢٣٧ /١٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﻮذي«‬ ‫ﱠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫)‪» ،(١١٨ /٨‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ« )‪.(٧٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺬاء ِﻣﻦ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫واﳉﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ َ ُ َ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫اﳉﻔﺎء‪ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫واﳊﻴﺎء ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ُ َ ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﻹﻳﲈن ِﰲ ْ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨﱠﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎر‪َ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺎ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ اﻟﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ ِﰲ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﳾء َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫رداء ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻐﺾ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺬيء«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وإن ا ﱠ َ َ ُ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺶ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺤﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﻼزم‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(٤‬أن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﱰاض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ َ‬ ‫اﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻠﻴﻨﻮا ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﱰك اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫وﳜﻀﻌﻮا ﻟﻪ ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫وﴍه‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺸﻪ َ ﱢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٤١٨٤‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪ ،(١٣١٤‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن‬ ‫)‪ ،(٥٧٠٤‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٥٢ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« ن‪.(٤٦٨) ١‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻻ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﲠﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٠٠٢‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ .(٥٦٩٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻌﲆ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪» ،‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺪرداء ◙ ﳐﺘﴫا ٍ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ٍ‬ ‫َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳾء َأ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ« وﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻗﺪ ُﳛ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺰان ْ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٤٤‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫راﻳﺔ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺎت ِ َ ً‬ ‫وﻓﺎرق ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﲈت َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﲈﻋﺔ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ َ َ ﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ِ َإﱃ َ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﺔ َ ِ ِ ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺘﻞ َ ِ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺔ َ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ْﴫ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪.«..‬‬ ‫أو َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺒﺔ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻀﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫أو َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة َﲢْ َﺖ ِﻣﻨ َ ِْﱪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫زﻳﺎد ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪوي ♫ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻴﺐ َ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳜ ُﻄﺐ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ ٍِ‬ ‫رﻗﺎق‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎب ِ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎب‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮوا ِ َإﱃ َ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﲑﻧﺎ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ ِ َﺑﻼل‪ُ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎق‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻫﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻜﺖ َ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮة‪ْ ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ا ﱠ ِ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أﻫﺎﻧﻪ ا ﱠ ُ «)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫رض َ َ َ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪي ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٧٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٢٢٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪،(٤٨ ،٤٢ /٥‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ أوس اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ ﻛﺴﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ«‬ ‫)‪.(١٠٥٤ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪\ [ Z YX W V U T S R Q P S :‬‬ ‫] ^_ ` ‪R n m lk j i hg f e d c b a‬‬ ‫)`‪.(٩٧ :‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﺘﺒﺖ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ♫ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨ َِﺔ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ‪ُ ْ ِ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ﱠ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺖ ِ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ اﻟﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲏ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََِ ُ‬ ‫َﻬﺎﲏ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻲ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاد ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﲔ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳌﴩ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﴩ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺜﺮون َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ َ » :‬ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ِ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﴬب‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻠﻪ ـ ـ َ ْأو ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ‪ُ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﲑﻣﻰ ِﺑﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﻴﺐ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻬﻢ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﱠ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻞ« ـ ـ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ََُُْ‬ ‫ﺰل ا ﱠ ُ ‪.(١)(٩٧ :`) R U T S R Q P S :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ♫)‪ ُ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮاﲏ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻗﺎم ﺑﲔ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﴩﻛﲔ وﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ َﻇﺎﱂ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ُ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﲨ ِ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﴎﻳﺔ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫رﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺜﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺚ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺘﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻮد‪َ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ ِ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺼﻢ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﴎع ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺎس ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﳍﻢ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻇﻬﺮ ْ ُ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﲔ«‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﴩ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮيء ْ‬ ‫ُْ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ ﱢ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َﺎ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ِ َﱂ؟ َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺎراﳘﺎ«)‪ ،(٣‬وﻟﻪ أ ﻔﺎظ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮاءى َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٤٥٩٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ« )‪.(٣٨٩ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ إﻋﻼﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٦٤٥‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٦٠٤‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺳﻼ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﻋﻠﻪ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري وأ ﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ واﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻻ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪» ،(٩٤٢‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪ .(٤٦٤ /١٣‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬إرواء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ« )‪(١٢٠٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﳉﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ أ ﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْﺖ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﺑِﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ‪ْ َ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ْ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎش ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﳉﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ أ ﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎص ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺘﻪ«)‪ .(٤‬وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ٌ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺮم ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺮم َ ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﳛﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﳾء َﱂ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل ﻋﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺮ َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ«‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﴏﻳﻦ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﳾء َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ََ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬واﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮي‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱞ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(١٩٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ »اﳌﻮﻃﺄ« )‪ ،(٤٤‬واﳊﺮﰊ ﰲ »ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ«‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻼ‪ ،‬واﳌﺮﺳﻞ أﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل أﺋﻤﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٨٤٠ /٢‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻴﲇ واﻟﺒﻴﻴﻬﻘﻲ واﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪ ،(٤١٦ /١٤‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪.(٢١٤٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٠٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٢٨٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٣٥٨‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬ﲢﺬﻳﺮ ذوي اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤١٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮ ُل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄل َﲨ ًْﺮا‪ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﲈ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻜﺜﺮ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﻘﻞ َ ْأو َ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡً‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮا َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄل َ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻪ«‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺪوح ﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺧﺪوش‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲬﻮش‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻨﻴﻪ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫درﳘﺎ‪َ ،‬أو ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ! وﻣﺎ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻨَﻰ؟‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﻮن ْ َ ً ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ ُ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫واﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ واﺟﺒﺎت ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻤﺄ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮى اﻟﻮﺟﻮب َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أو ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻮع أو ِ‬ ‫ﻛﱰك ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ ِﰲ َ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎم ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ِ َ ْ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﻊ وﻳﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ َ‬ ‫ﺮون َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ » :‬أ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻮده‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻘﺮ ﰲ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻧﲈ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮ ُ‬ ‫ْﻘﺮ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺎت َ َ ْ‬ ‫اب ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻘﺮ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٤١‬‬ ‫ﳾء‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(١٦٢٦‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٦٥٠‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺧﻼف‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٥٩٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٨٤٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٣٨٨ /١‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪.(٢١٥ /٥‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٤ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣١ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﲈذا ُ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮة َ ﱠ ْ َ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳉﺎﺋﻊ َﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻨﻴﺎن َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ‪ُ ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻮدهِ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺳﺒﻐﻮا‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ِ ﱠإﻻ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻤﺮﺗﲔ‪َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻘﺮ ﰲ ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻞ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻮء‪ٌ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻮد«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻮع َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫أﲤﻮا ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻘﺎب َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر‪ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُْ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﻴﻤﻲ ◙‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺎن ﱡ َ ْ ّ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ّ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼةِ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﺳﺠﻮده«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫رﻛﻮﻋﻪ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﷲ ِ َإﱃ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ َﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺎن ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن؛ ﻓﺴﻘﻂ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﲠﲈ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﻗﻮى ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ أن اﻹﺧﻼل ﺑﺈﲤﺎم اﻟﺮﻛﻮع واﻟﺴﺠﻮد‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﺳﻮأ ُ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻒ َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ ِ ُ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻮ َ َ‬ ‫رﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ وﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ؟ ﻗﺎل‪َ» :‬ﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة أو ُ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﴐب َ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎرق‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب؛ أﻻ ﺗﺮى أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰاﲏ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ أَو َأﺳﻮأ ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻧﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫أن ﱠ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﴪق‬ ‫اﻟﴪﻗﺔ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﴍ ﱠ ِ َ ْ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻛﺄ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫وﴍ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻮدﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﴪق َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ُ َ‬ ‫رﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ وﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ َُ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ؛ ﻓﻼ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲤﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺧﻼل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻧﲈ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ ♫ ‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮر ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺠﻮد‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻮع ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أﺳﻮأ ُ ﱠﳑﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪ ،(٦٦٥‬وأ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪ ،(٧١٨٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﲠﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ .(٤٦٥ /٥ ،٢٢ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ أ ﻮب ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻼزم ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺻﻼة اﻟﱰاوﻳﺢ« ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﲏ )‪ .(١١٨‬وﺧﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒ ُﻪ ﰲ ﱡ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬي َ ْ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺠﻮد«‪ ،‬وﻟﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮواه ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻮع َ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ﳌ َْﻦ َﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٣ /٤‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ .(١٠٠٣ ،٨٧١‬وﺳﻨﺪه ﳛﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(١٨٨٨‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(٢٢٩ /١‬وﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ُﳛ ﱠﺴﻦ ﲠﺎ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪.(٤١١ /٢٣‬‬ ‫)‪» (٥‬اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ﴍح اﳌﻮﻃﺈ« )‪.(٢٩٨ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﹾﻢِ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒ‪‬ﺎﺋﺮِ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﹶﺮ‪‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ُ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎب؛ ‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺬي ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﱠإﻧﲈ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ّ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﲑة ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺳﻴﲈ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟ َﺔ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫داﺧﻠﺔ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ّ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﻛﺒﲑة َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إذا َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِ ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ؛ ﻓﻼ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫راﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ وإن ﻛﺎن َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ُ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب وﻻ ﻣﻦ ُﺳﻨ ٍﱠﺔ ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫أول َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﺖ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪﺗﻪ ُ َ ُ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﰲ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮأ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآ ِن ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪه َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز ﺑﻼ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮأي ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة »اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲇ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱄ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺪرج ﲢﺖ َ َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﻮوي واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎء)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْﺴﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِْ ِ‬ ‫أﺟﺬم«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬

‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َُ ََ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا ﱠ َ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ﱠإﻻ َ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٦٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٩٥٠‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٣٣ /١‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻷﻋﲆ اﻟﺜﻌﻠﺒﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٠٠ /٨‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٦٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪» ،(٨٦ /٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٩٩ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(١٤٧٤‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٨٤ /٥‬واﻟﺪارﻣﻲ )‪ .(٣٣٨٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﳎﻬﻮل‪ ،‬وﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ زﻳﺎد ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺖ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ◙‪ْ َ ِ ُ » :‬‬ ‫ﺲ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮب ُ ِ‬ ‫اﳌ ِ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُأﺟﻮر ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺬاة ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺠﺪ‪ْ َ ِ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﳜِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ُ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََﱠ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﺿﺖ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ذﻧﺒﺎ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أو َآﻳﺔ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة َ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ َ َأر َ ْ ً‬ ‫أوﺗﻴﻬﺎ َ ُ ٌ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أَ ﻮ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﺐ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﻲ ♫‪ُ » :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َ َﻧﺮى ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫ُْْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﺎم َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ ُ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َﻳﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺴﺎه‪َ ،‬ﻻ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﻳﻨ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل أﰊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺜﺎن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺔ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺳﻨﱠﺔ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫أدﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن اﻟﻘﺮآن ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪ ،(٣)‬ﻗﺎل ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺠﺎوي ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺠﻮد ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﺑﺪﻋﻮى ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻨ َِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ اﷲ ﱠإﻣﺎ أن‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺠﻮد إ َ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﺎﻋﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ إﲨ ً‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻷول ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺠﻮد ﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص ﰲ ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ؛‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ ْ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﳌﻄﺐ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٦١‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٩١٦‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﺣﻨ َْﻄﺐ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ أ ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ ﰲ »اﻟﺰﻫﺪ« )‪ ،(١٧٤٦‬واﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت )‪.(١١٦ /٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٦٨ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ ،(١‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫دون اﻷ َﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‪ ،‬وﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﱰك ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﺘﺎن ﺑﻼ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ .‬و َ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻏﲑ َ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ُﲨ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻬﺎ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮك ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ؛ ﱠ َ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺸﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺴﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ اﺳﺘِﻨ َْﺠﺎؤه ﺣﺘﻰ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ♫ ﻟﻴﺲ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؛ ﻓﺎﳋﺘﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮب‪ً ،‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‪َ .‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ .‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﱰﻛﻪ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻫﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﳋﺘﺎن أم ﻻ؟ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬا ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡﻌﲈن ْﺑﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﲑ ◙‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ َ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل أﳖﺎ ﻛﺒﲑة‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ َ ُ َ » :‬ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺎﻟﻔﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أو َ ُ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮﻓﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻮن ُ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٦٨ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﺤﲆ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎر« )‪» ،(٣٧٤ /٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤١ /١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲥﺪﻳﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ«؛ ْإذ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺎﻟﻔﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫أو َ ُ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫أو ُ ُ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫أو اﳌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﺴﺦ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂْ َأر ً‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ً ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه ﻻ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧١٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٤٣٦‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٥٧ /٤‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‪َ ُ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﲑ َ ِ‬ ‫واﻷﻇﻬﺮ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﻫﺎ‪َ ِ ،‬‬ ‫وﳛ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ اﻟﻌﺪاوة‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﲥﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮﳍﺎ ﻋﻦ ُ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ َ ُ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎء‪ ،‬واﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻘﻠﻮب‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺗﻐﲑ وﺟﻪ ﻓﻼن ﻋﲇ أي ﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬﻪ ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ ﱄ وﺗﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﲇ؛ ﻷن ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﻮف ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮﻫﻢ واﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺒﻮاﻃﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن إﻻ ِﰲ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم ♫‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ ُ َ » :‬ﱡ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻮن‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻛﻢ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫أو َ ُ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻛﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ‪ ُ ْ ُ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أو َ ُ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﻮف َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻔﻦ أَ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻐﻤﻀﻦ َأ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻤﺴﻦ ُ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﻷن‬ ‫أن اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻟﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاوة‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ«‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗِ ُﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺨﺎﻟﻔﻦ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‪ َ َ ُ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ْ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ َﺻﻔﺎ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﻪ ا ﱠ ُ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﺻﻞ َﺻﻔﺎ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ«‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ َﺻﻔﺎ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫رﲪﺘﻪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﺎه ـ ـ ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٤‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ِﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻋﻨ ََﺎﻳﺘِﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٥٨ /٥‬واﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ )‪ .(١٢٠٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َزْﺣﺮ اﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ً‬ ‫وﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻷﳍﺎﲏ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤١ /١‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ا ﱠ ُ « إذ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻤﻌﻨَﻰ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻨَﻪ اﷲ أو‬ ‫أﺣﺪا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ َأر ً‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ َﺻﻔﺎ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫☺‪ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﱠإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٦٦٦‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٨١٩‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٩٧ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد )‪.(٢٥٨ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ورده)‪.(١‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻮع‬ ‫رﻓﻊ ا‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ َ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ ْ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫ﺄﻣﻮم َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪه اﺑﻦ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺠﻮد َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫رأس ِﲪ ٍ‬ ‫ﳚََ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم َ ْ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬أﻣﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫َﺎر‪ْ َ ،‬أو‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ا ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ْ‬ ‫ﳜ َﺸﻰ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة ِﲪ ٍ‬ ‫ﳚََ‬ ‫َﺎر«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻪ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ ا ﱠ ُ ُ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ أن ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﻋﲇ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤٢ /١‬ﻗﺎل‪ َ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ َ ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳎﺮد رﻓﻊ اﻟﺮأس ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﻣﺎم أو اﻟﻘﻴﺎم أو اﳍﻮي ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺮوه ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫أن ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺈن ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ ـ ـ ﻛﺄن رﻛﻊ واﻋﺘﺪل‪ ،‬واﻹﻣﺎم ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ـ ـ ﺣﺮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ أن ﳛﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪(٢٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻠﻆِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن َِ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٩١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٤٢٧‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ )‪ :(١٥١ /٤‬ﻫﺬا ُ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ورده)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ذﻛﺮه ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل أﳖﺎ ﻛﺒﲑة‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ َﺲ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪َ» :‬ﻣﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎل َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ِﰲ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﲥﻢ« ‪ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْﺘﻬﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟﻴَﻨ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﲈء ﰲ َ َ ِ ِ ْ‬ ‫َأ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻫﻢ ِ َإﱃ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎرﻫﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫أو َ ُ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻔﻦ َأ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ُﺑﻨ ﱠَﻲ! إِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫واﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎت ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎك َ ِ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮع َﻻ ِﰲ َ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻜﺔ‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ َ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎت ِﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َﻻ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ِ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر ِﰲ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬ ‫راﺣﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺎر«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻷول ﻻ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﻵﺧﺮان ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤٣ /١‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوﻫﺎت ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ َﺗﻨﺰﻳﻪ‪ٍ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳾء ﻣﻨﻪ‪ً ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ُ َ‬ ‫وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪.(٧٥٠‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٥٨٩‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻷوﺳﻂ )‪ ،(٥٩٩١‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎن ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺜﻨﻰ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺷﺎذ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ )‪ ،(٩٠٩‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪ ،(٢٢٨٦‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ .‬وﻗﺪ رواه اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻷوﺳﻂ« )‪ ،(٦٩٢٥‬ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫راو‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫وﻫﺸﺎم‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳖﻰ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﲨﻬﻮر اﻟﺮواة ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲇ ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﴫا «‪ ،‬وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ أ ﻮب وﻏﲑه ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻫﻜﺬا‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪،(١٢٢٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٥٤٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫)‪،(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻳﻮم ْ ِ‬ ‫إن ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﻢ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫رﻗﺎب اﻟﻨ ِ َ ْ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻄﻰ ِ َ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺒﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ِ ْ‬ ‫ََُﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج ْ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫َﲔ َ ْ َ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺮق َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳉﺎر ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم َ ْ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎذ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َأ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ◙ َ َ‬ ‫رﻗﺎب‬ ‫ﲣﻄﻰ ِ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﱠ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﴪا ِ َإﱃ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﲣﺬ ﺟ ْ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أن ﱢ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲣﻄﻲ‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﺎب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻮ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫وإن َ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﺄ ﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬا‬ ‫أﺧﺬه ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ إﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮوه‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﳚ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎس أذى‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َآذى ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﰲ »ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٧٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٦١ /٥‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٤١٧ /٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد ﻣﱰوك‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٥١٣‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١١١٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٣٧ /٣‬وﻓﻴﻪ ِرﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﺿﻌﻔﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫وزﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ وﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ ُ‬ ‫أﰊ رﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٥٠ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ » ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زوارات ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫☺ََ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﻠﻒ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ زﻳﺎرة اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻮر‪ ،‬واﻷﻇﻬﺮ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫زﻳﺎرةِ ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﺎن ً‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ ُ ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰوروﻫﺎ«)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺘﻜ ْﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زوروا ْ ُ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻮت«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻤﻮم اﳋﻄﺎب ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ☺‪ُ ُ » :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر؛ َ ﱠ َ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ ‫زﻳﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(٣٠٥‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٧٢ /٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﴏح اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺷﻤﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﱢﻢ ﱠأﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻣﴫح ﺑﻜﺮاﻫﺘﻬﺎ َ‬ ‫♫‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻼم أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨَﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫دون ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻤﻞ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ْ َ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﻮﳖﺎ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ إذا ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻻﻗﱰاﳖﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ أو‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﺟﺪا‪ ،‬ﱠإﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲠﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫وﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﳋﺮوج إﱃ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ُﳜ َﺸﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫زﻳﺎرة‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(١٠٥٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٥٧٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٣٣٧ /٢‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﲠﺎ إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٩٧٧‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٩٧٧‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻛﴪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ▲‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪﻻ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫إن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻣﻦ ً ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﴪه َﺣﻴﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُْ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺎ‪ْ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱂ َأره‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﴪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻤﻪ َ ﺎ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ أ ﱠﻪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻜﴪ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ أ ﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﳊﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﴪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؟ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﺎم ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻷن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻠﺲ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳚ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ ْ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪه‪َ ،‬ﺧﲑ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺨﻠﺺ ِ َإﱃ ِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﲨْﺮةٍ َ ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻠﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﱪ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﳚ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ٌْ ُ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‪َ ُ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺮق َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﱂ َأره‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻧﺄﺧﺬ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ♫‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ إذ ﻫﻮ ِ ﱠﳑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ؛‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪق ﱢ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٩٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٥٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٢٠٧‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(١٦١٦‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٨ ،٥٨ /٦‬وﰲ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪.(٤٠٨ /١٤‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٥٠ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٩٧١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﲈ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل‪،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ٌ‬ ‫زﺟﺮ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب أو ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ ،(١‬وﻻ دﻟﻴ َﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ْ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ َأره إﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫؛ ﻗﺎل)‪ :(٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪى‬ ‫أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮر ﻣﻦ أ ﱠﻪ إذا َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﺎ؛ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ َ ﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪ ،‬وﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫أﺧﺮه ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺬر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻮرا؛‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ ٌ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﲈدي ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺘﲈدﻳﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﴚ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑة ﰲ‬ ‫ذﻧﻮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻷدﺧﻠﻨَﺎ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻟﻮ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‬ ‫ارﺗﻀﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺳﺎر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﺑﻪ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫آﻳﺔ أو‬ ‫ً‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٢٩ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﺒﻴﲔ اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ )‪ ، ،(٢٢٢ /٤‬اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﴍح اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ )‪» ،(١٤٨ /٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢١١ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٤٦‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺪري َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎروا إﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ْ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ِﻣﻨْﻬﲈ ِ َإﱃ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎن َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘَﻨَﺎﺟﻰ ْاﺛﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻮرة َ‬ ‫ْﻈﺮ ُ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﻄﻬﲈ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ا ﱠ َ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻘﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ِ َ َ :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﻨﻰ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﴫي ♫ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ا ﱠ ُ‬ ‫واﳌﻨ ُْﻈﻮر ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻇﺮ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﲠﲈ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‬ ‫وإن ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻄﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﺒﻴﲔ اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ )‪ ، ،(٢٢٢ /٤‬اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﴍح اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ )‪» ،(١٤٨ /٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢١١ /١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(١٥‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻜﱪى )‪ ،( ٣٦‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣٤٢‬أﲪﺪ )‪.(٣٦ /٣‬‬ ‫وﻣﺪاره ﻋﲆ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وأﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاب ﻣﺎ رواه اﻟﺜﻮري‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﲈر‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﻲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﺎض ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼل‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﻟﻠﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ )‪ .(٢٩٦ /١١‬وﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻀﻄﺮب ﰲ ﳛﻴﻰ‪ ،‬وﳛﻴﻰ ﻣﺪﻟﺲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻋﻨﻌﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺎض ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻹرﺳﺎل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ ،(٩٩ /٧‬وأ ﻮ داود ﰲ اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ )‪.(٤٧٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻋﺪه اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻟﻌﺪم ورود‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫إﻻ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ْﺑﻦ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫رأس َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر َ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻷن ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ َﺧﲑ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺨﻴﻂ ِﻣﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ﻻ َ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«)‪ .(٣‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﲤﺴﻪ ْ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﲢﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ْ‬ ‫ٌْ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ أ ﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺮر ّ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫وﳑﺎ ﱡ‬ ‫أن ﺻﻐﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠأﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻴﺎم‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔ ُﺮﻫﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﲈل ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻼ ُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة ﱢ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺲ‪ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﳉﻤﻌﺔ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت؛‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ » :‬ﱠ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻮات ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﻨَﺐ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻬﻦ ِ َ‬ ‫ورﻣﻀﺎن ِ َإﱃ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫رﻣﻀﺎن‪ َ ُ ،‬ﱢ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إذا ا ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻔﺮات َﻣﺎ َﺑﻴْﻨ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ َأﺻﺎب ِﻣﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ َﻰ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ُ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﺻﺢ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺰﻟﺖ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪¤ £ ¢ ¡ ~ } | { z y S :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄ ْ ِ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪َ :‬أ ِﻲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َِ» :‬ﳌ ْﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه؟ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪َ َ (١١٤ :g) R © ¨ § ¦¥‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ِ َ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٥ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﻣﺪارج اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻜﲔ« )‪.(٣٣٣ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه )‪ ،(١٢٨٣‬واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ .(٤٨٦ /٢٠‬وﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٤٦٨٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٧٦٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻪ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤ َﻊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ َﻟﻴﺲ ِﻣﻨْﻬﻢ‪ِ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫آﻳﺔ ْ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻼﻋﻨ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﲔ‪َ » :‬أ ﱡ َﲈ ْ َ َ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﺖ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأةٍ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻟﺖ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ٍ َ ْ ْ َ ُ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ا ِ ِﰲ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻟﺪه‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﻨْ ُﻈﺮ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺘﻪ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وأ ﱡ َﲈ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫رﺟﻞ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﺪ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ا ﱠ ُ َﺟﻨ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻟﻦ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫وﻓﻀﺤﻪ َ َ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫رءوس ْ َ ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺠﺐ ا ﱠ ُ ﻣﻨ ُْﻪ‪ُ َ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻻ رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا داﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ إﻓﺮاد ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﺰﻧﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻴﺪ‪ً ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮن اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﱡ‬

‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٨٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٠٠ /٢‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٥٧‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٢٢٦٣‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ .(٣٤٨١‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف إﻻ ﲠﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل‪ .‬وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٧٤٣‬وﳛﻴﻰ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮل أ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬه ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪة ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻗﺎل ﰲ اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك‬ ‫)‪ :(٢٠٢ /٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﲆ ﴍط ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪،(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺒﻬﻮن ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪..‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳐﻨﱠﺜﻲ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﺒﺘﻼت ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺰوج‪ َ ْ ،‬ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َْ ﱢِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺋﻲ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن‪َ :‬ﻻ َ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫واﳌﺘﺒﺘﻠﲔ َ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َِ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ«)‪ ،(٢‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ :‬ﱠ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫)‪َ :(٣‬‬ ‫وﺗﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺘﻞ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدة اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻜﺎح‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺰور‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫زورا‪ ،‬ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﲈه ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻬﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُِ‬ ‫أن ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪  :‬أن ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮأ ﻪ‪ :‬أ ﺖ ﻋﲇ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ أﻣﻲ‪ .‬واﻟﻈﻬﺎر‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؟ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٥ /٢‬‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٨٩ /٢‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳﲈن )‪ ،(٤٤٠٠‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺐ ْﺑﻦ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﲈﻣﻲ ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬ﴍح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪.(١٧٦ /٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪ ،(٧ /١٣‬روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪» ،(٢٠٠ /٨‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج« )‪،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪ ،(١٦٧‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٤٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ﺳﻨﺪه ﰲ ﺑﺤﺜﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﴏ‪ ،‬واﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪A @ ? > =< ; : 9 8 7 6 5 S :‬‬

‫‪ ،(٢ :¹) R N M L K JI H G F E D CB‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أرى ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎ ِﺋﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪B A @ ? > = < ; S :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮام؛‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫ﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺒ ً‬ ‫‪ ،(٦ :s) R D C‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺪي ﳍﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل)‪ :(٢‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﱪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰوﺟﺔ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻔﻨَﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﻷن ﻓﻴﻪ ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫وإن ﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫وطء‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫أن ﳛ ِ َ‬ ‫زوﺟﺘﻪ أ ًﺪا‪ ،‬أو ُ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻫﲑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫واﺿﺢ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؛‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٥٣‬وﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻛﺢ اﻟﻜﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٨٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ َ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪:(١‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﲆ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫رﺿﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺐ أو‬ ‫ﳏﺮﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ َ :(٢‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻫﺮة‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺄ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ وإن ﱂ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم وﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻢ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﱂ ُ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮا ٌم ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٠١ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫وطء اﳌﺮأة اﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﲑي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪ِ ُ ،‬‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬وﻧﻘﻞ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬ ‫ﲨﺎع‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ َ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺒﲑة ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠأﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺪل ﻟﻪ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ َأو َ ً ِ‬ ‫»ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫دﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬أو َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺮ ِ َﺑﲈ ُأ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺰل َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨًﺎ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأة ﰲ ُ ُ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻀﺎ ﰲ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﳏ ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل؛‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺔ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ« )‪» ،(٢٠٤ /٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٠ /٦‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﻫﺎج«‬ ‫)‪ ،(٢٩٠ /١٠‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(١٧٠‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢١٦ /١‬اﻟﴩح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﻤﻮع‪ :‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫)‪» ،(٥٣‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٣٤٦‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي ♫‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﳌ ََﺤﺎﻣﲇ ﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ♫‪ :‬ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺋﺾ‬ ‫وطء‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻞ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺮه‪ .‬اﳌﺠﻤﻮع )‪.(٣٥٩ /٢‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٨٣ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻻﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﲆ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻛﱰاث‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ َ :(١‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ورﻗﺔ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ِ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ أو‬ ‫إﻓﺴﺎده‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي ﻇﻨﱠﺎ ﺑﻞ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ؛ وﻷ ﱠﻪ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻴﻠﺘِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻓﺴﺎد‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺣﺮام ﻻ رﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ﳚﺮي ﻋﲆ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪.‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ رﲪﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳉﲈع ﻗﺒﻞ َ ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺮام‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪه ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪه ﰲ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ﱡ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﻏﲑ ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪ِ :(٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ أ ًﻀﺎ؛‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﺎب‬ ‫وﺿﻴﺎع اﻷ‬ ‫اﳌﻴﺎه‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﻼط َ‬ ‫َﺎ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺧﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﴫﻳﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ إن ْ‬ ‫رأ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٤٧ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٣١ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٠١ /٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠﻪ َأ َﻰ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرداء ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳎﺢ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأة ُ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب ُ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ« ‪ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻄﺎط‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ َ َ » :‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا ‪ْ َ َ :‬‬ ‫أن ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨًﺎ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﳘﻤﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؟ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﱪه‪َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫»َ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻻ َﳛ ﱡﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮرﺛﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ َ َ ُ‬ ‫أن َأ ْ َﻌﻨ َُﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ؟«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َﻻ َﳛ ﱡﻞ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ ُُ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳚﻮز وﻃﺆﻫﺎ وﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﰲ اﳌﺮأة اﳊﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻼ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻪ ﻛﺎن أول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﳛﺮﻣﻮن ﻧﻜﺎح اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮوﻧﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﺪي؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ إذا َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم ﺛﻢ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ ﻫﺬا ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ)‪ْ .(٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﻬﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ٍ َ ِ » .(١٤٤١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ«‪ :‬ﳚﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأة ُ ِ ﱟ‬ ‫ﳎﺢ«‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮب وﻻدﲥﺎ‪ّ ُ » .‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻢ ِ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٣٦ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻹﲨﺎع ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺎح‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎل اﳋﻄﺎﰊ ♫ ﰲ »ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪:(١٩٠ /٣‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﱠ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ ♫ ﰲ »اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ« )‪ُ :(١٢١ /١٠‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎل ♫ ـ ـ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﻬﺎء اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻟﻔﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﰲ »ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري« )‪ :(١٧٣ /٩‬روى ُ‬ ‫وي ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫ور ِ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إﺑﺎﺣﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وأﲨﻌﻮا ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﺘﻰ‬ ‫أﺻﺢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وإﺟﺎزة اﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﴩوط اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫زﻓﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه‪ ،‬إﻻ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ اﻵن ُأ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻄﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل أم َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل ُ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪ِ :(١‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ُ‬ ‫زوﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إذﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‪ٌ ُ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َأ َﻰ َ ِ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮه َ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫واﻗﺘﻠﻮﻫﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﻴﻤﺔ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﲠﻴﻤﺔ«‪ ،‬وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ)‪ .(٣‬وذﻛﺮوا أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٠١ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪ ،(٢٨٦‬اﻹﻗﻨﺎع )‪ ،(٤٣٨ /٤‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٥٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﱠاﻟﺬي َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ أ ﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ْ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ أ ﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻬﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺣﺪ«‪ .‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٤٦٥‬وﺑﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ‬ ‫أﻋﻞ أ ﻮ داود واﻟﱰﻣﺬي وﻏ ﲑﳘﺎ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‪،‬‬ ‫َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أن اﳌﺮﻓﻮع ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى« ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪» ،(٧٣٠١‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى« ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٢٣٤ /٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎم ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ ،(٢‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﱡ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﲑ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫رﺿﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫إذﻧﻪ وﻻ ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ ِ ً‬ ‫دﻋﻮةٍ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﺧﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺎرﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ََ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﴡ ا ﱠ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ُﳚِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫دﻋﻲ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﲑا «)‪ ،(٣‬وﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﺧﺮج ُ ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﺧﻼف ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﳌ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺪق‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا إن‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﻮ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٥١ /٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎد ﻫﺬا ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺶ أو ِ ٍ‬ ‫ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وإذاﻋﺘﻪ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻫﺬا ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﳍﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٥٧ /٢‬‬ ‫درﺳﺖ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٧٤١‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻨﻦ« )‪ ،(٦٨ /٧‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ُ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻢ ﰲ اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫زﻳﺎد ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وأ ﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎرق ﻣﱰوك‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮه ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٣٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ :(١‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻼة ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إﺧﺮاج‬ ‫ﻗﲈر أو‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻪ إذا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء وﻛﺬا َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻗﱰن ﺑﻪ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎب أو ً‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻬﺎ أو ﺳ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ اﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ إذا ﻛﺎن ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﻴﴪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﴪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮض ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮز ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎع‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ ﺑﺪون ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮض ﻓﻘﺎل ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻓﺮدﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﳛﺮم‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻳﻜﺮه‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ُ :‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ ،(٢‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺮد ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب أو ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪   ‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٣٢ /٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻼم وﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻊ ِ ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ أ ﱠﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺸﻘﻪ أو‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٤٩ /٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ُ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎد ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮأة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺤﺶ أو‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ وإن ﱂ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﴐب َ ٍ‬ ‫وﺗﺮ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٣٣٩ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٤٥‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ُ ْ َ :‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﲈﻋﻪ وﴐب ُ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻨﱢﻲ ﻟﻠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬وﺗﻐﻨﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺰﻣﺎر‬ ‫وزﻣﺮ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﲈﻋﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﲈﻋﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺮأة‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل أ ﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ ♫)‪ :(١‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻴﺨﻲ ـ ـ وﻫﻮ واﻟﺪه أ ﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻷوﺗﺎر ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺗﺒﺔ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺪر ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﻹدﻣﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ُ ّ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﲈع إﱃ‬ ‫اﳉﻮﻳﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﻖ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺤﺎب ﺑﺄ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﻮن‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻَُ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻨﱢﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﳚﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﲏ ♫)‪ّ :(٢‬أﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ وإن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﴩب؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮ ﻻ َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﱠ‬ ‫رأس َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺪف وﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إن ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ُﻣﺴﺘﺸﻨ ًَﻌﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺼﺐ ﱡ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻼﻫﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب ً‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻮد وﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎ ِن ُﻣﺴﺘﺸﻨ ًَﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻄﺖ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻘﻂ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻻ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ا ﺎوردي ♫)‪ :(٣‬إن َ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ اﻷﻏﺎﲏ واﳌﻼﻫﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة إﻻ ﻣﻊ اﻹﴏا ِر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ إﱃ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺗﺮد ﲠﺎ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ َ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ِ :‬ﻣﺰﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﲈع ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﺧﻼف ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ودف اﻟﺼﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮِ‪.‬‬ ‫أﳖﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺄﳖﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﺮة أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﺎزف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﺑﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪J I H G F E D C B A @ S :‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫‪ ،(٦ :{) RR Q P O NM L K‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ دراﻳﺔ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ« )‪.(٢٤ /١٩‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ« )‪.(٢٦٩ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﳊﺎوي اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪.(١٩٢ /١٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ )ص ‪ ،(٤٠‬واﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪.(٣٠٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫إن ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬إﳖﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴩك‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ـ ـ اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﳍﻮ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﷲ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻬﺰأ َ ﺑﺂ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ـ ـ ‪ ُ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎت اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻀﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أ ﻰ ً‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب أ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي ♫ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻰ َأ ُﻮ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ َ ْأو َأ ُﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻏﻨ ٍْﻢ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‪ِ َ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻊ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳﺎن‪َ ،‬أ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﰲ ُ ﱠأﻣﺘﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام ِ َإﱃ َﺟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْﺐ َ َ ٍ‬ ‫واﳌﻌﺎزف‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َْ َ ِﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﳋﻤﺮ‪َ ِ َ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‪ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴَﻨ ِ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﺮوح َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْﺰﻟﻦ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪َ ْ َ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻮن ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎرﺣﺔ َﳍﻢ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺟﺘﻪ‪َ ُ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻨَﺎ َ ً‬ ‫اﷲ‪ُ َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮن‪ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻢ َ ُ ٌ َ َ‬ ‫َ ِ َ ٌ ُْ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺪا‪ َ ُ َ ،‬ﱢ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﻴﺘﻬﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺮدة َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ِ َ َ ً‬ ‫وﻳﻤﺴﺦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫َﺎزﻳﺮ ِ َإﱃ َ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫وﺧﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ ِﰲ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻗﻮام َ ْ َ ِ ﱡ َ‬ ‫واﳌﻌﺎزف«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﳋﻤﺮ َ ْ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺮﻳﺮ َ ْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻮن ْ َ ِ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ َ ُ َ َ » :‬ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ واﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻳﺄ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻦ ٍ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫وأن ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﳋﱪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻮن ﰲ ﻫﺬه ﱠ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻞ ﻫﺬه ُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳞﺪم اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻼ‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻮن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎب ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻗﺮدة‬ ‫وﺧﻨﺎزﻳﺮ‪ .‬وﻟﻮ ﻗﺎل ٌ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺴﺨﻮن ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﲨﻴًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﺘﻬﻢ اﷲ«‪ :‬ﳞﻠﻜﻬﻢ ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪َ َ » .(٢٢١ /١٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ«‪ :‬اﳉﺒﻞ‪ َ ُ » .‬ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرﺣﺔ«‪ :‬ا ﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ♫ ﰲ »ﻧﻴﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر«‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ » .‬ﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ«‪ُ :‬‬ ‫» َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ َ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻒ واﳌﺴِﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫)‪:(١٠٩ /٢‬‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻷﻣﻮر اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ً (٥٥٩٠‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ووﺻﻠﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن )‪(٦٧٥٤‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﲢﺮﻳﻢ آﻻت اﻟﻄﺮب«‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ♫‪ .‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‪ َ » :‬ﱡ‬ ‫واﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪.«..‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ َ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺦ«‪ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ُ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف َ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ذاك؟‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ َ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إذا َ ِ‬ ‫وﴍب ْ ُ ُ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﺮت ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ أﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋﻤﻮر«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﲠﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮت ا ْﳌ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎن‪ُ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻌﺎزف‪َ ُ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ِﰲ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﳛ ﱠﺴﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ُ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻗﺬف َ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺦ« ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ♫‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ َ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﺑﺸﻮاﻫﺪه ﰲ »اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪ ،(٢٢٠٣‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ َأ َﺲ ﺑﻦ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ◙ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﺎن‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ورﻧﺔ ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻣﺎر ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ِِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﺎن ﰲ ﱡ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮة‪ٌ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ ،(٢‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وﻳﻔﺴﻖ‪ .‬وﻻ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﺮد ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ ُ ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺎرﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫واﳊﺠﺎوي‪،‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉَﻨ َﱠﺔ َ ِ ٌ‬ ‫‪ .(٣)‬واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺋﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﺐ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺊ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻜﺔ ‪.«..‬‬ ‫َ ﱢُ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻜﺔ« أي‪ِ ْ ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬و»ﺳﻴﺊ ْ َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﴘء‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ُ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠاﻟﺬي ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ﱢُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ْ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وأذﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﳛﺴﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا إن ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪى إﱃ ُﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳌﲈﻟﻴﻚ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ََ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﲈﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام وﻣﺬﻣﻮم‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫وﺳﻮء‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪،‬‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺠﲇ ﻫﻮ إﱃ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺑﴩ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺰار ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻷﺳﺘﺎر )‪ ،(٧٩٥‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ٍ‬ ‫أﻗﺮب‪ .‬وﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٤٠ /٤‬ﻋﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻮف ◙‪ ،‬وﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ » :‬ﱢإﲏ َﱂ َأ ْ َﻪ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‪ِ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎء َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫أﲪ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﻣﺰاﻣﲑ ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮت ﻋﻨ َْﺪ ﻧﻐﻤﺔ َ ْﳍﻮ َ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﲔ َ ْ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﺐ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ ﱢﻲ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫َﻘﲔ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﳖﻴﺖ َ ْ‬ ‫ُْ َ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺻﻮت ِﻋﻨ َْﺪ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫وﺷﻖ ُ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ‬ ‫وﺟﻮه َ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻢ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮب«‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻟﻴﲆ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫»اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ« )‪ ،(٤٢٧‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﲈ ﱂ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻃﺮاء ﰲ ﱢ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻞ أو‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﲡﺮ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٥١ /٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏف ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬم ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة ﻋﺎ ً ﺎ أو ً‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺤﺶ إذا ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﱠ ً‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ وﻗﺘﻪ وﺑﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺘﻪ ﰲ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‪ ،‬ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪» ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٩٣‬ﴍح ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٢٩‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ ☺ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ♫‪ :‬وﻗﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ٌ ُ ْ َ ..» :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﻰ َ ْ‬ ‫َََ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻪ َ ْ َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫اﻃﻠﻊ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫وردت ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺄ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮوا ً‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫إذﳖﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪي‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻃﻠﻊ ِﰲ‬ ‫رﺟﻼ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ٍْ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﺮ ِﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﲈ‬ ‫ﳛ ﱡﻚ ِﺑﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪرى َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺ ْ ً‬ ‫وﻣﻊ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب َ ُ‬ ‫رأﺳﻪ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ َأ ﱠ َﻚ َﺗﻨ َ ِ ُ ِ‬ ‫َﻴﻚ«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﺘﻈﺮﲏ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫رآه َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻄ َﻌﻨ ُْﺖ ِ ِﺑﻪ ِﰲ َﻋﻴْﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬ﻟﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ِ ْ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫إﻧﲈ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﴫ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫اﻹذن ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﻋﻼم اﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ« )‪ ،(٥٧٩ /٦‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ )‪» ،(٢٨٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٤٢٩ /١‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(١٤٩‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٦٦ /٢‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(٥٥‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺪر اﻟﻌﲔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ وإن ﱂْ َأر َﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻣﺎرات اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ً‬ ‫ﻷن َ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻖ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ﻓﻜﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳊﺪ ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻫﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻌﻬﺎ َ ﱢ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٩٠١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ .(٢١٥٦‬وﰲ اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ أ ﺲ أ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ ‫)‪ ،(٦٢٤٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٥٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َأ ُﻮ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫اﻃﻠﻊ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻣﺮأ ً ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫أن ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ِ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َِِْ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺎح«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺼﺎةٍ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻘﺄت َﻋﻴْﻨ َُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺬﻓﺘﻪ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إذن َ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ـ ـ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ـ ـ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻷن ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫دال ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﺟﺮ واﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ورده)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ رواه َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ْﺑﻦ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ َﻟﻴﺲ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ ﱢ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ«)‪ ،(٣‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺎر‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ َ ْ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎت َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٦٩٠٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٥٨‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٣٠ /١‬وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﱠﻮم ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫أﺧﺬ ُ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ إﱃ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاءة ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ ُ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه إﻻ أ ﱠﻪ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳏﻮط ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻼك ً‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ َ‬ ‫ﻻرﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺿﻌﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥٠٤١‬واﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ »اﻷدب اﳌﻔﺮد« )‪ (١١٩٢‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُ َ‬ ‫ووﻋﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ٍِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪ َِﻦ ﳎﻬﻮﻻن‪ .‬وﻧﻘﻞ اﳌﺰي ﰲ ﲥﺬﻳﺐ اﻟﻜﲈل )‪ (٢٨٧ /٢١‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري أ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺮ َ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻮﲏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ زﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﰲ إﺳﻨﺎده ﻧﻈﺮ‪ .‬وﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٧١ /٥‬ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮان َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺‪ ،‬وزﻫﲑ ﻫﺬا ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬إرﺷﺎد اﳊﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ،(٢٩‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٥٧ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻦ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺎرث ◙‪،‬‬ ‫وﳑﺎ اﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺷﺔ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ُ ِ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ِ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻻَ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻴﻼ‪ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﱠن َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﻂ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫َُ َُ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙ َ َ‬ ‫أﻋﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ َﻋﻴﻨ َِﻴﻪ‪ِ ِ :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻄﺮ َ ِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫رﲪ َِﺔ ا ﱠ ِ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا ﱠ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫آﻳﺲ ْ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮب َﺑ ْ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻮ ِ َ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻔﻦ َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮا َﻋﻨْﻪ‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨ ََﺔ َﺗﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ ُ ٌ‬ ‫َُُْ‬ ‫ْﺰل َ َ‬ ‫ﻘﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﴬ ِ َ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َﱂ ْ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ ْ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﴬب ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ٌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻌﻨ ََﺔ َﺗﻨ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﲈ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻜﻢ َ ْ ِ ً‬ ‫ْﺰل َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﴬه ِ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َﱂ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮا َﻋﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ََُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﲠﺎ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٧ /٤‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺰء‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻌﻠﻞ« )‪.(٤٢٠ /١٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢٦٢٠‬وأ ﻮ ﻳﻌﲆ )‪ ،(٥٩٠٠‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد اﻟﻘﺮﳾ ﻣﱰوك‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ واﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﺒﲑ« )‪ ،(١١٦٧٥‬واﻟﻌﻘﻴﲇ ﰲ »اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء« )‪ ،(٢٣ /١‬وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺪل ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ ﻣﱰوك‪ ،‬وأﺳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎء ﳎﻬﻮل‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أ ﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪي‪ ،‬وأ ﻮ اﳌﻜﺎرم ﱡ َ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ً‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻇﻬ َﺮ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ِ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻣﺮئ ُ ْ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎن«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻲ ا ﱠ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺮد َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫»َ ْ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ َ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻻ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ َ ﱟ‬ ‫وﴐب‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪ :(٣‬ﻛﺬا َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬

‫)‪» (١‬ﻋﻴﻮن اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ« )‪» ،(٤٨٨-٤٨٧ /٢‬اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﴍح اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ« )‪» ،(٧ /١٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪،(١٦٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻢ أو‬ ‫ﴐب‬ ‫»ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪» ، (٣٦‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(١٥٨ /٢‬وﻟﻔﻆ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﺑﻐﲑ ﱢ ٍ‬ ‫ﴍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮغ‬ ‫ﱟ‬ ‫ﱢﱢ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻤـﺎن ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻷوﺳﻂ« )‪ ،(٢٣٣٩‬و»ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﲔ« )‪ ،(٨٢٥‬وﻓﻴﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪي‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ ّ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٢٨٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻣﺘﻨﺎع‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻷ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل)‪ :(١‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎع ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أداء ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أداء ﱟ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ أ ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻓﺮاد ﻫﺬا ﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ َ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ُ :‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﻴﻮم ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫¶‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲِ َ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺮأة‪ُ ْ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ُ َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑة َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث َ َ ٍ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻬﺎ ُذو َ ْ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم«)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫َ ِ ََ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎل‪ ِ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻫﺬا اﳋﱪ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺣﺮاﻣﺎ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫أن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٠٦ /٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻔﺴﻮق واﳌﻼﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﴍﺑﺔ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٣٢٧ /٢‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﻊ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻪ‪ُ ُ ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺎرﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﻬﻲ أو‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﲈ إذا َ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺑﺠﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠَ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﺴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ »اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٢٤٧ /١‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗﱰﺗﺐ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪة‬ ‫ﴐر أو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫وﻓﺴﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﲠﺎ‪ُ .‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻼء َ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٠٨٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٣٣٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺪه ﺑﻤﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﴐر‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫‪ ،‬ﱠ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ِ ☺ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﳐﻨﱠﺜﻲ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ُ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺒﻬﻮن ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼةِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء‪ِ ِ َ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﲔ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ََ َ ﱠُ َ‬ ‫وراﻛﺐ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫واﳌﱰﺟﻼت َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎء‪ َ َ ُ ْ ،‬ﱢ ِ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه«‪ .‬وﺳﺒﻖ ُ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫َ ْ َُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻼﻧﺎ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺑﻦ ُ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ َ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫وﱂ ْ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮر ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﲆ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻓﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ وﺟﻮب اﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ ﱢأم َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرض ﺑﲈ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫أﺻﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻨ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫دﺧﻠﺖ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ﻛﻼم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﴏﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ ﻻ ُ ِ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٤٦ /١‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻨَﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮاﻫﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪ْ َ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﴐر‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﴫﺣﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻔﺮه َ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه أو َ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺿﺎر أو ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ُ ٌ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٤٥ /١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎده ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٣٢١ /٢‬واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٣١٢٣‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٣١ /٤‬وﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ أﻗﺮب‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎش‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎش‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ إﱃ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ رﻓﻊ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ووﻗﻔﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ أن اﺑﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲣﺮﻳﺞ أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﲏ )ص ‪.(٦٧‬‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮب ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﻤﺲ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮه َ َ َ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻛﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ«)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎل أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﴩ ِه َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺤﻲ‪ َ َ َ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫َََ َ‬ ‫أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫وأراد َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ :‬اﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ ُﺳﻨ ٌﱠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪،(٢‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ ُ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ُ ْ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫أﺿﺤﻴﺘﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎع ِ ْ َ‬ ‫أﺿﺤﻴﺔ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫◙‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﱂ أره ﻟﻜﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﴤ ذﻟﻚ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاب َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺪا‬ ‫أن ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻹﺑﻄﺎﻟﻪ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ رواﻳﺎت ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻓﻼ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬واﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﻛﲈ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة؛ ﻓﻌﻔﺎ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ أ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﺋﺐ«‪.‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲠﺬا ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮام‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﺐ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻴﻴﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،(١٠٣ :a) R Ð Ï Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ S :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٩٧٧‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٤٦ /١‬‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٥١ /١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫‪ٌ ‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎة‪ ،‬إذا َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮة‪ ،‬أو ٌ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬أو ٌ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ً‬ ‫اﺻﻄﻠﺤﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وﻻ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺐ وﻻ ُﳛ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﻨﺬر ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُْ َ ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(١)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎس ¶‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ا ِ وﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ِﻣﻨْﻪ َ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ً ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أن ِ ْ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼ َ‬ ‫وأﻋﻠﻢ ِ َ ِ ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫أوﱃ ِ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫وﲨِ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن ا ﱠ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ِﱄ َأ ُﻮ َ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َ ِأﰊ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺜﻨﻲ ِ َإﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﱢ ﱢ ُ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ◙ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮﻫﻢ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻴﺖ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ َ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ! ِ ﱠ‬ ‫أﺧﺎف َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎرة َ ِ َ‬ ‫إن َ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ َﻣﺎ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺸﺎم‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أن ُ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺑﺎة‬ ‫أﺣﺪا ُ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ َ َ ً‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ْ ُ ْ ِ ِ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫وﱄ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ َ َ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ َﻟﻌﻨَ ُﺔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴏﻓﺎ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َ َ ْ ً‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ا ﱠ ُ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻻ َ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨ َﱠﻢ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َْ ْ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺑﺎة ُ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ؛ َ ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم أو اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻧﻈﺮ؛ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻮن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﱄ‬ ‫)‪» (١‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(٢٢٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪» ،(١٨٤ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪ .(١٨٩‬وﻟﻔﻆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ :‬أن ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬أو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺑﺎة ُ ِ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﱠإﻳﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ؛‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎم أو اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺎﺑﺎة ﰲ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫رﲪﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻫﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫أﻣﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫أﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٩٢ /٤‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ »اﻟﻜﱪى« )‪ ،(١١٨/١٠‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻳﻦ ﰲ أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﲔ اﻟﺮﺣﺒﻲ ﻣﱰوك‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻵﺧﺮ اﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٦/١‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(٩٣/٤‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬وﻟﻪ إﺳﻨﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ »اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﲔ« )‪(٣٥٧٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ُﺧﻨ َﻴﺲ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬ ‫واﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻐﺰاﱄ ♫)‪ُ َ َ :(١‬‬ ‫وﺳﻮء ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮﻫﺎب ♫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪ُ :(٢‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱄ‪R+ * ) ( ' & % $ # " ! S :‬‬ ‫)¯‪.(١٢ :‬‬ ‫واﻟﻈﻦ؛ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫إﻳﺎﻛﻢ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ ِ » :‬ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ ْ َ‬ ‫أﻛﺬب ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻦ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل ﻋﲇ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا ﻻ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱄ واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫أن ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎن ◙‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺ َأ ﱠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺪل ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫أﻗﻮاﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ َ َ ْ َ َ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻠﻤﻦ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ِﺑﺤﺴﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﺎل ِ َ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت َ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎل ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﻲ َﻳﺄْ ُ َ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ا ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲥﺎﻣﺔ ِ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﺎ‪َ ُ َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻮم ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻮن َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫أن َﻻ َ ُ َ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻬﻢ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْﺜﻮرا«‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻮن ﻣﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻬﻢ َﻟﻨَﺎ‪ َ ،‬ﱢ ِ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ! ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎن‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﺎء َﻣﻨ ُ ً‬ ‫ََ ً‬ ‫)‪» (١‬إﺣﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ« )‪.(٢٢٧ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (٥١٤٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٢٥٦٣‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﻷن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ .(٢٠٩ /٢‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫وإن ﱂ َأر ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺤﻼل َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻇﻬﺎر َ َ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ؛‬ ‫وإﻏﻮاؤه‬ ‫ﴐره‬ ‫ﴎا ُر‬ ‫ﻛﺎن دأ ُﻪ‬ ‫رﺑﻘﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻈﻢ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻴﺢ ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ وإ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳋﻮف ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ ُِﻘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﺪﺗﻜﻢ‪ِ َ ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫وﻳﺄﺧﺬون َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫إﺧﻮاﻧﻜﻢ‪ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫إﳖﻢ ِ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ » :‬أﻣﺎ ِ ﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻦ َﻻ َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ َ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺬون‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮام ِ َ‬ ‫َُْ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻜﻮﻫﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺎرم ا ﱠ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻮا ِ َ َ‬ ‫إذا َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠﻬﻢ َ ْ َ ٌ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ـ ـ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ـ ـ إن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ُ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫راﻗﺐ اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﳜ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ وﻻ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس‪ ،‬وإذا َﺧﻼ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺟﻪ اﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا َ ْ‬ ‫وﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﲠﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا أﺷﺒﻪ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻐﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﳐﻠﺼﺎ ﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ُ ْ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺗﻀﻌﻒ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮاه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ وﻻ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺢ أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت ﻓﻼ ﱡ‬ ‫ذﻳﻮع ُ ﱠ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻘﺎدر اﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﲇ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻋﲇ‬ ‫أﻗﺮﲠﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮا‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ َ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻟﺐ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫اﳋﻄﺎب ◙ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺮزوق‪،‬‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪ُ َ ْ » :‬‬ ‫رو َي َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﳌﺤﺘﻜﺮ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻌﻮن«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻓﻴﻪ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﳾء‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٤٢٤٥‬واﻟﺮوﻳﺎﲏ )‪ُ .(٦٥١‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﲑوﰐ وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬا اﳋﱪ وﻻ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺛﻘﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺑﻤﻜﺎن ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺪ أ ﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ اﻷﳍﺎﲏ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٨٧ /١‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮة أوﱄ اﻟﺒﺼﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪.(٢٨٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ ،(٢١٥٣‬واﻟﺪراﻣﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٨٦) (١٦٥٧‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١١ /٢‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﲔ اﺑﻦ اﳌﺴﻴﺐ وﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﺑﻀﻌﻒ اﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ☺‪ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻜﺮ َ َ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﲔ َ ْ َ ً‬ ‫وﺑﺮئ ا ﱠ ُ ِﻣﻨ ُْﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ََْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﷲ َ َ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮئ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﱡ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ ﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒـ ـ ـ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴـ ـﻮاﳼ ‪َ ِ ُ .‬‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻨﺎف)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ً‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ أﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﲇ َ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﳏﱠ ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫)‪ :(٤‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ـ ـ أي اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬أن َ‬ ‫ﳞﺪى إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ُ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ إن َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢ /٣٣‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(٢ /١١‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ أ ﻮ ﺑﴩ اﻟﺮاوي ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﻫﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ أو ﳎﻬﻮل‪ .‬وﰲ ﺳﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ اﳊﺼﲔ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﲇ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﳌﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﱪﻫﺎﲏ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻟﻨﻌﲈﲏ« )‪» ،(٣١٢ /٨‬ﴍح رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ« )‪.(٤٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ِ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺘﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﴏح ﺑﻪ ُ‬ ‫)‪» (٣‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣١٦ /٢‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ )‪ .(١٩٢‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬل ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑه ً‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ َ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻨَﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻔﻊ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻻ ِ ُ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫أن ﻣﻦ ُ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﺬ ُ‬ ‫َﱠ َ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ َ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ﰲ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎز‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰة‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬي ﱠﻳﺘﺠﻪ َﲪ ُْﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ َﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﺎل ﰲ ُ َ‬ ‫ﰲ ُ ﱠ ٍ‬ ‫ﳏﺮم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪.(٢٧٧‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻊ ِ َ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﺔ ◙ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َ ِأﰊ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ☺‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ أَ َﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ َ ِ ﱠ ً‬ ‫َ َ ًَ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ‪َ ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﲈ َ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ َ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻫﺪى َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ِ ـ ـ ـ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ◙ ـ ـ ـ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﴪوق ♫ َ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ْ ُﺖ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺪى ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺤﺖ‪َ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ْ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺔ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ َ :‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ¶ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ روى َ ْ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﱠ ْﺑﻦ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻮه‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺄل ِﺑﺎ ﱠ َ َ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻴﺬوه‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺎذ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ ْ ِ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻓﺌﻮه‪ْ ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻜﻢ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﱂ ْ َ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺌﻮﻧﻪ‪ُ ْ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎدﻋﻮا َ ُ‬ ‫ﲡﺪوا َﻣﺎ ُ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺎ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﻴﺒﻮه‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ََ ِ ُ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﺻﻨ ََﻊ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺄﲤﻮه«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻜﻢ َ ْ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺗﺮوا َأ ﱠ ُ ْ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.(٤)‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫اﳉﻠﻮس وﺳﻂ اﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺤﺎس ♫‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٣٥٤١‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٦١ /٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻜﻢ َ ْ ُ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻓﺌﻮه«‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬وﻳﻌﺎرﺿﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺎ َ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ☺ ﻗﺎل‪ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ َﻰ ِ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫أﺻﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﻨﺪه ﱡ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﺪه ﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪي ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑه )‪.(٤٣٠ /٨‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٥١٠٩‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٦٧‬وأﲪﺪ )‪.(٦٨ /٢‬‬ ‫)‪» (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﲔ« )‪» ،(١٥٨‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(٣٢٢ /٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻦ َ ْ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ☺‪َ َ َ » :‬‬ ‫وﺳﻂ ْ ْ َ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻘﺔ«)‪ ،(١‬وﻫﻮ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ واﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ ‪.(٢)‬‬ ‫أﻛﱪ ْ َ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﴍ ُ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل ا ﱠ ِ ☺ َ َ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪة ◙‪ َ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪ُ َ ْ َ » :‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨْﻊ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ ُْﻊ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎ َ ﱠ ِ‪ُ ُ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻞ«)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫وﻋﻘﻮق ْ َ ِ َ ْ ِ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ا ْ َ ﺎء‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳉﻼل ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻪ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﴐر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬وﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ‬ ‫إﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﴐره َ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ َ ُ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٨٢٦‬واﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ ،(٢٧٥٣‬وأﲪﺪ )‪ .(٣٨٤ /٥‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺰ وﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ »ﻋﻮن اﳌﻌﺒﻮد« )‪ :(١١٩ /١٣‬ﻗﺎل اﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ُ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﲔ أﰊ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄول َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻦ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﻌﺪ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻸذى‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫وﺳﻄﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُ ُ‬ ‫رﻗﺎﲠﻢ‪ُ ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﳌﺠﻠﺲ‪َ ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﺨﻄﻰ َ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ ْ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫اﳊﻠﻘﺔ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﴬرون‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ؛‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ أ ﱠﻪ إذا َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺠﺐ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺑﲔ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺪ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك‪..‬‬ ‫وﺑﻤﻘﻌﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺎﻧﻪ َ َ‬ ‫)‪» (٢‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪ ،(٣٨٢ /١‬إﻳﻘﺎظ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة )‪.(٤٩٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺰار ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪه )‪ ،(٤٤٣٧‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َ ِ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ْﺪي‪ِ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺮس ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ً‬ ‫ﱠﺒﻲ ☺‬ ‫ﻋﻤﲑة ْاﻟﻜﻨ ﱢ‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إذا ُ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ ِﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﻫﻬﺎ ـ ـ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻷرض‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ْ َ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‪َ ِ » :‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻜﺮﻫﺎ ـ ـ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل َ ﱠ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‪َ :‬أ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪﻫﺎ َ َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻬﺎ‪َ َ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺪﻫﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻏﺎب َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻏﺎب َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪ْ َ َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ َ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬أ ﺎ ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮل ﻋﲆ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ َ ﱠ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ‪.(٣)‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻟﻄﺔ ﱠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮت ﰲ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻋﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊﻀﻮر ﻣﻊ ِ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫واﳊﻀﻮر ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وإن َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺠﻮر ﻓﻬﺬا ﺣﺮام‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ُ ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ ً‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ؛‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑة ٌ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪» (١‬اﻟﺰواﺟﺮ« )‪.(١٩٥ /١‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮل‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ أ ﻮ داود )‪ ،(٤٣٤٥‬وﻏﲑه‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬أ ﺎ ﰲ رﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﳋﱪ؛ ﻟﺘﻔﺮد اﳌﻐﲑة ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻷ ﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻼ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أﺷﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ روي‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ اﳌﻄﺮي ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ا ﺎﺋﺔ« )‪.(٢٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻴﻢ ♫)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺒﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮاﳼ ♫‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي َ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ وأﺧﻔﻰ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َِ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﻴﻞ‪ُ َ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﻋﺠﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ؛‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻛﻞ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪم َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻷﻪ ِ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆذن‬ ‫إﺧﻔﺎء ِ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ِ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺶ ُ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﱢ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم َ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﺮم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬

‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ اﳌﻄﺮي ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ا ﺎﺋﺔ« )‪.(٢٥‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻭﺧـﺘــــﺎﻣ‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻓﻤﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻨﻲ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﲈ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻬﺪت‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺻﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬وأﺳﺄل اﷲ أن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﻛﻮن ﻗﺪ ُوﻓﻘﺖ ﻓﻴﲈ ُ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫وأﺳﺄ ﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻛﻠﲈﰐ وأوﻗﺎﰐ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وأﻻ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﻋﲈﻟﻨﺎ ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وأن ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻌﺪوي ‪٣ .................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ‪٥ .................................................................................‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ‪١٤ ....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ‪٢٠ ...................................................‬‬ ‫ً‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬وﺟﻮب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﺑﻴﺎﳖﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﲠﻢ ‪٤٣ ...................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬أﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ‪٤٥ ............................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬وﻋﺪ اﷲ ﳌﻦ اﺟﺘﻨﺐ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب أن ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ‪٤٦ ..............‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت ﻳﻜﻔﺮ اﷲ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ دون اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٤٨ ...................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٥‬وﺟﻮب اﳊﺬر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب ﺻﻐﲑﻫﺎ وﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ ‪٥١ .........................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٦‬ﺧﻮف اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﰲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ وﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ اﺟﺘﻨﺎﲠﺎ ‪٥٣ .........‬‬ ‫‪ - ٧‬وﻗﻮع اﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﺒﺎدرﲥﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ‪٥٥ .............‬‬ ‫‪ - ٨‬اﻹﴏار ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻐﲑة اﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﲑة ‪٥٧ ........................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٩‬اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ درﻛﺎت ‪٦٠ .....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٠‬أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ اﻟﴩك ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪٦٤ .....................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١١‬أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻜﻔﻨﻮن وﻳﺼﲆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ وﻳﺪﻓﻨﻮن ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪٦٧ ....‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ - ١٢‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻻ ﳜﻠﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺎر ‪٧٠ ....................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٣‬ﻧﻘﺺ إﻳﲈن ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٧٢ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٤‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ‪٧٥ ..............................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٥‬ﻫﺠﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ‪٧٨ ..............................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٦‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﺮد ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة؟ ‪٨٠ ...................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٧‬اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ‪٨١ .......................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٨‬ﻋﺼﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻣﻦ اﻗﱰاف اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٨٣ ...................‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٩‬اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٨٥ ...........................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢٠‬اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪٨٧ ..................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢١‬اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٩٠ ..................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎت وﱂ ﻳﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪٩٣ .......................................‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوﻻ ـ ـ ‪٩٨ .......................................................... ‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﴩك اﻷﻛﱪ ‪٩٩ ........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻄﲑة ‪١٠٦ ..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎء ‪١٠٨ ..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬إﻳﺬاء اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ‪١١٤ .......................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺮ وﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ ‪١١٧ ......................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻨﺠﻴﻢ ‪١٢٠ ...................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧‬إﺗﻴﺎن اﻟﻜﻬﺎن واﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﺎ ﳍﻢ ‪١٢٣ ................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬اﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر ‪١٢٧ ....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﺳﺐ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ☺ أو ﺑﻐﻀﻪ ‪١٣٠ ...............................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺗﻌﻤﺪ اﻟﻜﺬب ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ‪١٣٥ ...............‬‬ ‫‪ -١١‬اﻟﺘﺄ ﻲ ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ‪١٣٩ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬اﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺮ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪١٤٠ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬اﻟﻴﺄس ﻣﻦ رﲪﺔ اﷲ ‪١٤٢ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤‬اﲣﺎذ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ‪١٤٤ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥‬ﻣﻮاﻻة اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ وﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪١٤٧ .........................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٦‬ﻣﻦ دﻋﺎ إﱃ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ وﺑﺪﻋﺔ أو ﺳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ‪١٥١ ........................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٧‬أن ﻳﻘﺪم ﳏﺒﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أو أي ﳾء ﻋﲆ ﳏﺒﺔ اﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ☺ ‪١٥٣ ..........‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨‬اﻟﻐﻠﻮ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪١٥٥ ...................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ـ ـ ‪١٥٧ ......................................................... ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -١٩‬ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻨﺰه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮل ‪١٥٨ ..............................................‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ‪١٦٠ ...................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٠‬ﺗﺮك اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺳﻼ‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ وﻗﺘﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫‪ -٢١‬ﺗﺮك ﺻﻼة اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺬر ‪١٦٨ ...................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﺎ وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﴍﻋﻲ ‪١٧٠ ....................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢‬ﻣﻦ أم ً‬ ‫‪ -٢٣‬ﻓﻌﻞ أﻓﻌﺎل أﻫﻞ اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ‪١٧٢ ............................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤‬ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة ‪١٧٥ ........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥‬اﳌﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ واﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ ‪١٨١ ...........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦‬اﳌﻜﺲ ‪١٨٣ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٧‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﻓﻀﻞ ا ﺎء ﻋﻤﻦ اﺣﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ ‪١٨٦ ...................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨‬إﻓﻄﺎر ﻳﻮم ﻣﻦ رﻣﻀﺎن ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬر ‪١٨٧ ....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٩‬ﺗﺮك اﳊﺞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪١٨٩ .........................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ ـ ـ ‪١٩٠ ........................................................... ‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠‬اﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻋﺬر ‪١٩١ ......................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣١‬اﻟﻐﻠﻮل ‪١٩٥ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٢‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮب ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﺠﺮة ‪٢٠١ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٣‬ﺗﺮك اﳉﻬﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺪرة ‪٢٠٣ ..................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٤‬اﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن ‪٢٠٨ ...............................................‬‬ ‫راﺑﻌﺎ ـ ـ ‪٢٠٩ ........................................................ ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٣٥‬أذﻳﺔ اﳉﺎر ‪٢١٠ .........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٦‬أﻛﻞ ا ﺎل اﳊﺮام ‪٢١٣ ..................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٧‬أﻛﻞ أﻣﻮال اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ‪٢١٦ .........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٨‬اﻟﺮﺑﺎ ‪٢١٨ ..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٩‬أﻛﻞ ﻣﺎل اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٢٢٣ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٠‬ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻜﻴﻞ واﳌﻴﺰان ‪٢٢٥ ..............................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ -٤١‬ﻏﺶ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪٢٢٨ ....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷﱪا ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٢٢٩ ...........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٢‬ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض وﻟﻮ ً‬ ‫‪ -٤٣‬اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪة ووﻟﺪﻫﺎ ‪٢٣١ .......................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٤‬ﺑﻴﻊ اﳊﺮ ‪٢٣٢ ..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ـ ـ ‪٢٣٣ ......................................................... ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٤٥‬ﻫﺠﺮ اﳌﺮأة ﻓﺮاش زوﺟﻬﺎ وﻛﻔﺮاﳖﺎ إﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ ‪٢٣٤ ........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٦‬إﺗﻴﺎن اﳌﺮأة ﰲ اﻟﺪﺑﺮ ‪٢٣٧ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٧‬اﳌﺤﻠﻞ واﳌﺤﻠﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪٢٣٩ ................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٨‬إﻓﺸﺎء أﺣﺪ اﻟﺰوﺟﲔ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ أن ﻳﺴﱰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﳉﲈع وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ‪٢٤١ ..‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٩‬ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت ﻋﲆ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻇﻠﲈ ‪٢٤٢ ........................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ـ ـ ‪٢٤٣ ................................................ ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٥٠‬اﻟﻮﺷﻢ ‪٢٤٤ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥١‬وﺻﻞ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪٢٤٧ ......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٢‬اﻟﻨﻤﺺ ‪٢٥٠ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٣‬اﻟﺘﻔﻠﺞ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ‪٢٥٢ ...................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٤‬ﺗﱪج اﳌﺮأة وإﺑﺪاؤﻫﺎ زﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﳏﺎرﻣﻬﺎ ‪٢٥٣ ...........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٥‬إﺳﺒﺎل اﻹزار ﺧﻴﻼء ‪٢٥٧ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٦‬ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل اﳊﺮﻳﺮ ‪٢٦٠ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٧‬ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﳋﺎﺗﻢ ‪٢٦٣ ................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ ـ ـ ‪٢٦٥ ............................................. ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٥٨‬ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺮم اﷲ ﻋﻤﺪا ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٢٦٦ ..........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٩‬ﲪﻞ اﻟﺴﻼح ﻋﲆ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ وﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ‪٢٧٤ ................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٠‬أن ﻳﺸﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺴﻼح ﻓﲑوﻋﻪ ‪٢٧٥ ...................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺪا ‪٢٧٦ ....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦١‬أن ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ أو ﳚﺮﺣﻬﺎ ً‬ ‫‪ -٦٢‬اﳋﻤﺮ ‪٢٨٠ .............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٣‬اﻟﴪﻗﺔ ‪٢٨٩ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٤‬ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ‪٢٩١ ......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٥‬اﻟﺰﻧﺎ ‪٢٩٤ ..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٦‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﻮم ﻟﻮط ‪٢٩٨ ....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٧‬ﻗﺬف اﳌﺤﺼﻦ أو اﳌﺤﺼﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪٣٠٢ ...........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٨‬إﺷﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﰲ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ وﳏﺒﺔ ذﻟﻚ ‪٣٠٥ ............................‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٩‬اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ إﺳﻘﺎط ﺣﺪود اﷲ ‪٣٠٦ .....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٠‬اﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ اﻷ ﺴﺎب ‪٣٠٨ ...............................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨًﺎ ـ ـ ‪٣١٠ ..................................... ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ ‪٣١١ .....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧١‬اﻟﻴﻤﲔ اﻟﻐﻤﻮس واﳊﻠﻒ ً‬ ‫‪ -٧٢‬ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺰور ‪٣١٥ ......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٣‬أﺧﺬ اﻟﺮﺷﻮة وإﻋﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ ‪٣١٨ .....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٤‬اﻟﻘﺎﴈ اﻟﺴﻮء واﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ اﳊﻖ ‪٣٢٠ ..................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٧٥‬اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ أ ﺰل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪٣٢٢ ......................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ ـ ـ ‪٣٢٥ ................................................. ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٧٦‬اﳋﺮوج ﻋﲆ وﱄ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺎدل اﻟﺬي اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮن وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ وﲨﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ ‪٣٢٦ .........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٧‬ﻏﺶ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ وﻇﻠﻤﻪ ﳍﻢ واﺣﺘﺠﺎﺑﻪ دوﳖﻢ ‪٣٢٩ ....................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٨‬ﴐب اﻟﴩﻃﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس وﺗﻌﺬﻳﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٣٣٢ .........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٩‬ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٣٣٣ ...........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٠‬إﻋﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ ‪٣٣٤ .........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨١‬ﻛﺘﲈن اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ إﻇﻬﺎره ‪٣٣٦ ................................‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺒﺎرا‬ ‫‪ -٨٢‬أن ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف وﻻ ﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺮ وﻳﺄ ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﺎ ‪٣٣٩ .......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٣‬ﺗﺮك اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف واﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺪرة ‪٣٤١ .................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٤‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮم اﷲ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻞ ‪٣٤٣ ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﴍا ـ ـ ‪٣٤٥ ....................................................... ‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٨٥‬اﻟﻈﻠﻢ ‪٣٤٧ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٦‬ﻋﻘﻮق اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪٣٥١ ...................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٧‬ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺮﺣﻢ ‪٣٥٤ .......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٨‬أن ﻳﺴﺄل رﺟﻞ ﻣﻮﻻه ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻌﻪ إﻳﺎه ‪٣٥٧ ................‬‬ ‫وﻃﻤﻌﺎ ‪٣٥٨ ...................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﺮا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٨٩‬ﺳﺆال اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ا ﺎل ً‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٩٠‬اﻟﻜﺬب ﰲ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ أﻗﻮاﻟﻪ واﻟﻜﺬب اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻈﻢ ﴐره ‪٣٥٩ ...............‬‬ ‫‪ -٩١‬اﻟﻜﱪ واﳋﻴﻼء ‪٣٦٤ ....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٢‬اﺣﺘﻘﺎر اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ‪٣٦٨ ....................................................‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻇﲈ ‪٣٦٩ .......................‬‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺨﺎرا‬ ‫‪ -٩٣‬ﻣﻦ أﺣﺐ أن ﻳﻘﻮم ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -٩٤‬ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎل وﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎء ‪٣٧٠ ........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٥‬اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺛﺔ ‪٣٧٢ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٦‬اﻟﻨﻤﻴﻤﺔ ‪٣٧٣ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٧‬ﲣﺒﻴﺐ اﳌﺮأة ﻋﲆ زوﺟﻬﺎ واﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺳﻴﺪه ‪٣٧٥ .........................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٨‬اﻟﻜﻼم ﺑﲈ ﻳﺴﺨﻂ اﷲ ‪٣٧٦ .............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٩‬اﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪٣٧٧ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٠‬اﻟﻐﺪر وﻧﻘﺾ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ‪٣٧٩ .............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠١‬اﳌﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻢ وﳐﺎدﻋﺘﻪ ‪٣٨٢ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٢‬اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻼك ‪٣٨٣ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٣‬اﺳﺘﲈع ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﻮم وﻫﻢ ﻛﺎرﻫﻮن ‪٣٨٤ ................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٤‬اﻏﺘﻴﺎب اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ واﳋﻮض ﰲ أﻋﺮاﺿﻬﻢ ‪٣٨٥ ........................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٥‬أن ﻳﻘﻮل ﰲ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﻬﺘﺎن ‪٣٨٩ ......................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٦‬اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺑﺰ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻘﺎب اﳌﻜﺮوﻫﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ‪٣٩٠ ............................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٧‬ذا اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ‪٣٩١ .....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨‬ﺳﺒﺎب اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ‪٣٩٣ ...................................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫وزورا ‪٣٩٤ .......................‬‬ ‫ﲠﺘﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٩‬رﻣﻲ اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ أو اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ -١١٠‬ﻟﻌﻦ اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٣٩٦ ............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١١‬اﻷﻟﺪ اﳋﺼﻢ واﳉﺪال واﳌﺮاء ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ‪٣٩٨ ...........................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٢‬إﻳﺬاء اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ وﻣﻌﺎداﲥﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻬﻢ ‪٤٠١ .................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٣‬اﳊﺴﺪ ‪٤٠٣ ..........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٤‬ﻓﺴﺎد ذات اﻟﺒﲔ ‪٤٠٥ .................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٥‬ﻫﺠﺮ اﳌﺴﻠﻢ وﳐﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻮق ﺛﻼث ﻟﻐﲑ ﺳﺒﺐ ﴍﻋﻲ ‪٤٠٦ ............‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٦‬ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ اﳊﻴﻮان وﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ ‪٤٠٩ ..................................‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎدي ﻋﴩ ـ ـ ‪٤١٢ ................................................. ‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٧‬اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ‪٤١٣ ...........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٨‬ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﻨﺎر اﻷرض ‪٤١٥ ..............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٩‬اﳌﻴﴪ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﲈر ‪٤١٦ ...............................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ذوات اﻷرواح ﻟﻐﲑ ﴐورة ‪٤١٨ .............................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢١‬اﻷﻛﻞ واﻟﴩب ﰲ آﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ واﻟﻔﻀﺔ ‪٤٢٢ ..........................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٢‬أﻛﻞ اﳌﻴﺘﺔ واﻟﺪم واﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ اﺿﻄﺮار ‪٤٢٣ .......................‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ‪٤٢٤ ...................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٣‬اﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎب إﱃ ﻏﲑ اﻷب ً‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪا ‪٤٢٦ ..................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٤‬اﻧﺘﲈء اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ ً‬ ‫‪ -١٢٥‬ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ وﻟﺪه ﻟﻴﻔﻀﺤﻪ ‪٤٢٧ .....................................‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٦‬إﺑﺎق اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ‪٤٢٨ ......................................................‬‬

 

  

 



 

ً ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺎ أو آوى‬ ً ‫ ﻣﻦ أ ﻰ‬-١٢٧ ٤٣٠ ..... ☺ ‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ رﺳﻮل اﷲ‬ ٤٣٣ ............................. ‫ اﻹﳊﺎد ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﳊﺮام واﺳﺘﺤﻼﻟﻪ‬-١٢٨ ٤٣٥ ................................ ‫ إﺧﺎﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ وإرادﲥﻢ ﺑﺴﻮء‬-١٢٩

   ٤٣٨ ......................................................... ‫ ﻛﺒﲑة‬٣٦ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ‬

   ٤٧٨ ......................................................... ‫ ﻛﺒﲑة‬٦٢ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ‬