100 Discoveries
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- Words: 1,556
- Pages: 15
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Discovery 10. Geological Change (1830s) 6. Troposphere and Stratosphere (1890s) 1. Earth's Core (1906) 9. Magnetic Field Reversal (1906) 11. Radiometric Dating (1907) 3. Continental Drift (1911) 8. Cosmic Radiation (1911 onward) 2. Earth's Inner Core (1930s) 12. Periodic Ice Ages (1930s) 4. Seafloor Spreading (1950s – 1960s) 5. Plate Tectonics (1960s) 7. Global Warming (late 20th century)
Year 1835 1895 1906 1906 1907 1911 1911 1935 1935 1960 1965 1975
10 6 1 9 11 3 8 2 12 4 5 7
10. Geological Change (1830s) 1. Earth's Core (1906) 11. Radiometric Dating (1907) 8. Cosmic Radiation (1911 onward) 12. Periodic Ice Ages (1930s) 7. Global Warming (late 20th century) 1800
Year
1850
1900
1950
2000
Year 1250 1543 1607 1610 1731 1807 1917 1926 1932 1964 1983 1999 2000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Year
1 0. C 1 13 os 2. . m Pl Th ic a e Mi n U cr et ni 1 o s ve 1. w Ar rs G a o e a v u Is m e n Ac m B d ce a- ac Ot ler R kg h at- ay ro er in B u St g ur n ar (1 st d s 99 s R (1 8 (1 a 9 – 9 di 9 20 6 ati 5 00 9 o – ) – n 2 1 (1 0 9 9 0 9 6 4) 7) 4)
5. 9. 6. H T T alh h le e e y' C Mi s e 8. lk C nt T y o er h Wm of e ay et th U Is H e ni a as Mi v 7. Gi a lk er G g Pr 4. y se e a ed Ju W Is n nti ict pit ay E er c ab er E xp al Di le H m a R sk Or as its n el of bit M R di ati St (1 o a n vit ar 70 o di g y s 5 ns o (1 (1 (1 – (1 W 9 9 7 17 6 a 2 1 8 58 0 v 4 5 0 ) 9 es – – – – (1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 8 6 3 2 1 3 1 2) 9) 9) 4) 2)
3. Pl a n et ar y O rb its Ar e El lip tic al (1 6 0 5 – 1 6 0 9)
2. T h e E ar th M o v es (1 5 4 3)
1. T h e Pl a n et s M o v e (2 0 0 0 B. C. – 5 0 0 B. C. )
Discovery 1. The Planets Move (2000 B.C. – 500 B.C.) 2. The Earth Moves (1543) 3. Planetary Orbits Are Elliptical (1605 – 1609) 4. Jupiter Has Moons (1609 – 1612) 5. Halley's Comet Has a Predictable Orbit (1705 – 1758) 6. The Milky Way Is a Gigantic Disk of Stars (1780 – 1834) 7. General Relativity (1915 – 1919) 8. The Universe Is Expanding (1924 – 1929) 9. The Center of the Milky Way Emits Radio Waves (1932) 10. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (1964) 11. Gamma-Ray Bursts (1969 – 1997) 13. The Universe Is Accelerating (1998 – 2000) 12. Planets Around Other Stars (1995 – 2004)
1200 1600 2000
– ) 2 0 0 4)
– 1 9 9 7)
n (1 9 6 4)
es (1 9 3 2)
– 1 9 2 9)
– 1 9 1 9)
Year
1200 1600 2000
– 1 8 3 4)
– 1 6 1 2)
– 1 6 0 9)
es (1 5 4 3)
0 0 B. C. )
Year 1604 1666 1687 1805 1812 1838 1840 1905 1905 1918 1935 1949 1962
1 2 3 9 13 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12
Year
1 2. Q u ar ks (1 9 6 2)
1 1. S u p er co n d uc to rs (1 9 1 1 – 1 9 8 6)
1 0. T h e N e ut ro n (1 9 3 5)
8. T h e Q u a nt u m L e a p (1 9 0 0 – 1 9 3 5)
7. E = m c^ 2 (1 9 0 5)
4. T h e S ec o n d L a w 5. of El T ec h tro er m m ag o ne dy 6. tis n S m a p (1 m ec 80 ic ial 7 s R – (1 el 18 8 ati 73 2 vit ) 4 y – (1 1 9 8 0 5 5) 0)
1 3. N uc le ar F or ce s (1 6 6 6 – 1 9 5 7)
9. T h e N at ur e of Li g ht (1 7 0 4 – 1 9 0 5)
2. U ni 3. v L er a sa w l s G of ra M vit oti ati o o n n (1 (1 6 6 8 6 7) 6)
1. T h e L a w of F all in g B o di es (1 6 0 4)
Discovery 1. The Law of Falling Bodies (1604) 2. Universal Gravitation (1666) 3. Laws of Motion (1687) 9. The Nature of Light (1704 – 1905) 13. Nuclear Forces (1666 – 1957) 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1824 – 1850) 5. Electromagnetism (1807 – 1873) 6. Special Relativity (1905) 7. E = mc^2 (1905) 8. The Quantum Leap (1900 – 1935) 10. The Neutron (1935) 11. Superconductors (1911 – 1986) 12. Quarks (1962)
1600 1750 1900
(1 9 6 2)
1 9 8 6)
(1 9 3 5)
1 9 3 5)
(1 9 0 5)
(1 9 0 5)
Year
1600 1750 1900
1 8 5 0)
1 9 5 7)
1 9 0 5)
(1 6 8 7)
(1 6 6 6)
(1 6 0 4)
Discovery 1. Human Anatomy (1538) 2. Blood Circulation (1628) 10. Vaccination (1796) 6. Germ Theory (1800s) 4. Anesthesia (1842–1846) 5. X-rays (1895) 3. Blood Groups (1902) 7. Vitamins (early 1900s) 11. Insulin (1920s) 8. Penicillin (1920s–1930s) 9. Sulfa Drugs (1930s) 12. Oncogenes (1975) 13. The Human Retrovirus HIV (1980s)
Year 1538 1628 1796 1805 1844 1895 1902 1905 1925 1930 1935 1975 1985
1 2 8 4 9 13 3 5 10 6 7 11 12
2. Blood Circulation (1628) 6. Germ Theory (1800s) 5. X-rays (1895) Year
7. Vitamins (early 1900s) 8. Penicillin (1920s–1930s) 13. The Human Retrovirus HIV (1980s) 1500 1600
1700
1800 1900
2000
Year
2000
Discovery 1. Rules of Heredity (1850s) 2. Genes Are Located on Chromosomes (1910 – 1920s) 3. Genes Control Biochemical Events (1930) 4. Some Genes Can Jump (1940) 5. DNA Is the Genetic Material (1928, 1944, 1952) 6. DNA Is a Double Helix (1953) 9. Restriction Enzymes (1950s – 1960s) 7. Cracking the Genetic Code (1960s) 8. RNA Conveys Genetic Information (1960s) 10. RNA Splicing (1976) 11. DNA Polymorphism (1985) 13. RNA Interference (1998) 12. Humans Have 20,000 to 25,000 Genes (2003)
Year 1855 1918 1930 1940 1944 1953 1960 1965 1965 1976 1985 1998 2003
1 2 3 9 13 4 7 5 6 8 10 12 11
1. Rules of Heredity (1850s) 4. Some Genes Can Jump (1940) 9. Restriction Enzymes (1950s – 1960s)
Year
10. RNA Splicing 12. Humans Have 20,000 to 25,000 Genes
0
1000
2000
000
Year
Discovery 6. Classification of Species (1735) 2. First Dinosaur Fossils Identified (1820s – 1840s) 7. Theory of Natural Selection (1858) 5. The Burgess Shale (1909) 3. Potential for Life Created (1953) 8. Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy" (1974) 4. New Life-forms Discovered Around Hydrothermal Vents (1977) 9. Laetoli Footprints (1978) 1. K-T Asteroid Theory of Dinosaur Extinction (1980) 10. Toumai skull (2002)
Year 1735 1835 1858 1909 1953 1974 1977 1978 1980 2002
4 2 5 13 3 6 9 7 1 8
2. First Dinosaur Fossils Identified (1820s – 1840s) 5. The Burgess Shale (1909) 8. Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy" (1974) 9. Laetoli Footprints (1978) 10. Toumai skull (2002) 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Year
50 2000 2050
Year
Discovery 1. Microorganisms (1674) 13. Tropical Biodiversity (15th century to the present) 11. Photosynthesis (1770s) 2. The Cell Nucleus (1831) 6. Cell Differentiation (late 19th century) 4. Cell Division (1879) 5. Sex Cells (1884) 7. Mitochondria (late 19th century to the present) 9. Neurotransmission (late 19th to early 20th century) 10. Hormones (1903) 12. Ecosystem (1935) 8. The Krebs Cycle (1937) 3. Archaea (1977)
Year 1674 1750 1775 1831 1875 1879 1884 1900 1900 1903 1935 1937 1977
1 12 10 2 4 9 13 5 7 8 11 6 3
1. Microorganisms (1674) 11. Photosynthesis (1770s) 6. Cell Differentiation (late 19th century) 7. Mitochondria (late 19th century to the present) 12. Ecosystem (1935) 3. Archaea (1977) 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Year
Year
1950 2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
Column B
1750
1700
1650
1600 Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 6
Row 7
Row 8
Row 9
Row 10
Row 11
Column B
Discovery 10. Geological Change (1830s) 6. Troposphere and Stratosphere (1890s) 1. Earth's Core (1906) 9. Magnetic Field Reversal (1906) 11. Radiometric Dating (1907) 3. Continental Drift (1911) 8. Cosmic Radiation (1911 onward) 2. Earth's Inner Core (1930s) 12. Periodic Ice Ages (1930s) 4. Seafloor Spreading (1950s – 1960s) 5. Plate Tectonics (1960s) 7. Global Warming (late 20th century)
Year 1835 1895 1906 1906 1907 1911 1911 1935 1935 1960 1965 1975
10 6 1 9 11 3 8 2 12 4 5 7
10. Geological Change (1830s) 1. Earth's Core (1906) 11. Radiometric Dating (1907) 8. Cosmic Radiation (1911 onward) 12. Periodic Ice Ages (1930s) 7. Global Warming (late 20th century) 1800
Year
1850
1900
1950
2000
Year 1250 1543 1607 1610 1731 1807 1917 1926 1932 1964 1983 1999 2000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Year
1 0. C 1 13 os 2. . m Pl Th ic a e Mi n U cr et ni 1 o s ve 1. w Ar rs G a o e a v u Is m e n Ac m B d ce a- ac Ot ler R kg h at- ay ro er in B u St g ur n ar (1 st d s 99 s R (1 8 (1 a 9 – 9 di 9 20 6 ati 5 00 9 o – ) – n 2 1 (1 0 9 9 0 9 6 4) 7) 4)
5. 9. 6. H T T alh h le e e y' C Mi s e 8. lk C nt T y o er h Wm of e ay et th U Is H e ni a as Mi v 7. Gi a lk er G g Pr 4. y se e a ed Ju W Is n nti ict pit ay E er c ab er E xp al Di le H m a R sk Or as its n el of bit M R di ati St (1 o a n vit ar 70 o di g y s 5 ns o (1 (1 (1 – (1 W 9 9 7 17 6 a 2 1 8 58 0 v 4 5 0 ) 9 es – – – – (1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 8 6 3 2 1 3 1 2) 9) 9) 4) 2)
3. Pl a n et ar y O rb its Ar e El lip tic al (1 6 0 5 – 1 6 0 9)
2. T h e E ar th M o v es (1 5 4 3)
1. T h e Pl a n et s M o v e (2 0 0 0 B. C. – 5 0 0 B. C. )
Discovery 1. The Planets Move (2000 B.C. – 500 B.C.) 2. The Earth Moves (1543) 3. Planetary Orbits Are Elliptical (1605 – 1609) 4. Jupiter Has Moons (1609 – 1612) 5. Halley's Comet Has a Predictable Orbit (1705 – 1758) 6. The Milky Way Is a Gigantic Disk of Stars (1780 – 1834) 7. General Relativity (1915 – 1919) 8. The Universe Is Expanding (1924 – 1929) 9. The Center of the Milky Way Emits Radio Waves (1932) 10. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (1964) 11. Gamma-Ray Bursts (1969 – 1997) 13. The Universe Is Accelerating (1998 – 2000) 12. Planets Around Other Stars (1995 – 2004)
1200 1600 2000
– ) 2 0 0 4)
– 1 9 9 7)
n (1 9 6 4)
es (1 9 3 2)
– 1 9 2 9)
– 1 9 1 9)
Year
1200 1600 2000
– 1 8 3 4)
– 1 6 1 2)
– 1 6 0 9)
es (1 5 4 3)
0 0 B. C. )
Year 1604 1666 1687 1805 1812 1838 1840 1905 1905 1918 1935 1949 1962
1 2 3 9 13 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12
Year
1 2. Q u ar ks (1 9 6 2)
1 1. S u p er co n d uc to rs (1 9 1 1 – 1 9 8 6)
1 0. T h e N e ut ro n (1 9 3 5)
8. T h e Q u a nt u m L e a p (1 9 0 0 – 1 9 3 5)
7. E = m c^ 2 (1 9 0 5)
4. T h e S ec o n d L a w 5. of El T ec h tro er m m ag o ne dy 6. tis n S m a p (1 m ec 80 ic ial 7 s R – (1 el 18 8 ati 73 2 vit ) 4 y – (1 1 9 8 0 5 5) 0)
1 3. N uc le ar F or ce s (1 6 6 6 – 1 9 5 7)
9. T h e N at ur e of Li g ht (1 7 0 4 – 1 9 0 5)
2. U ni 3. v L er a sa w l s G of ra M vit oti ati o o n n (1 (1 6 6 8 6 7) 6)
1. T h e L a w of F all in g B o di es (1 6 0 4)
Discovery 1. The Law of Falling Bodies (1604) 2. Universal Gravitation (1666) 3. Laws of Motion (1687) 9. The Nature of Light (1704 – 1905) 13. Nuclear Forces (1666 – 1957) 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1824 – 1850) 5. Electromagnetism (1807 – 1873) 6. Special Relativity (1905) 7. E = mc^2 (1905) 8. The Quantum Leap (1900 – 1935) 10. The Neutron (1935) 11. Superconductors (1911 – 1986) 12. Quarks (1962)
1600 1750 1900
(1 9 6 2)
1 9 8 6)
(1 9 3 5)
1 9 3 5)
(1 9 0 5)
(1 9 0 5)
Year
1600 1750 1900
1 8 5 0)
1 9 5 7)
1 9 0 5)
(1 6 8 7)
(1 6 6 6)
(1 6 0 4)
Discovery 1. Human Anatomy (1538) 2. Blood Circulation (1628) 10. Vaccination (1796) 6. Germ Theory (1800s) 4. Anesthesia (1842–1846) 5. X-rays (1895) 3. Blood Groups (1902) 7. Vitamins (early 1900s) 11. Insulin (1920s) 8. Penicillin (1920s–1930s) 9. Sulfa Drugs (1930s) 12. Oncogenes (1975) 13. The Human Retrovirus HIV (1980s)
Year 1538 1628 1796 1805 1844 1895 1902 1905 1925 1930 1935 1975 1985
1 2 8 4 9 13 3 5 10 6 7 11 12
2. Blood Circulation (1628) 6. Germ Theory (1800s) 5. X-rays (1895) Year
7. Vitamins (early 1900s) 8. Penicillin (1920s–1930s) 13. The Human Retrovirus HIV (1980s) 1500 1600
1700
1800 1900
2000
Year
2000
Discovery 1. Rules of Heredity (1850s) 2. Genes Are Located on Chromosomes (1910 – 1920s) 3. Genes Control Biochemical Events (1930) 4. Some Genes Can Jump (1940) 5. DNA Is the Genetic Material (1928, 1944, 1952) 6. DNA Is a Double Helix (1953) 9. Restriction Enzymes (1950s – 1960s) 7. Cracking the Genetic Code (1960s) 8. RNA Conveys Genetic Information (1960s) 10. RNA Splicing (1976) 11. DNA Polymorphism (1985) 13. RNA Interference (1998) 12. Humans Have 20,000 to 25,000 Genes (2003)
Year 1855 1918 1930 1940 1944 1953 1960 1965 1965 1976 1985 1998 2003
1 2 3 9 13 4 7 5 6 8 10 12 11
1. Rules of Heredity (1850s) 4. Some Genes Can Jump (1940) 9. Restriction Enzymes (1950s – 1960s)
Year
10. RNA Splicing 12. Humans Have 20,000 to 25,000 Genes
0
1000
2000
000
Year
Discovery 6. Classification of Species (1735) 2. First Dinosaur Fossils Identified (1820s – 1840s) 7. Theory of Natural Selection (1858) 5. The Burgess Shale (1909) 3. Potential for Life Created (1953) 8. Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy" (1974) 4. New Life-forms Discovered Around Hydrothermal Vents (1977) 9. Laetoli Footprints (1978) 1. K-T Asteroid Theory of Dinosaur Extinction (1980) 10. Toumai skull (2002)
Year 1735 1835 1858 1909 1953 1974 1977 1978 1980 2002
4 2 5 13 3 6 9 7 1 8
2. First Dinosaur Fossils Identified (1820s – 1840s) 5. The Burgess Shale (1909) 8. Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy" (1974) 9. Laetoli Footprints (1978) 10. Toumai skull (2002) 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Year
50 2000 2050
Year
Discovery 1. Microorganisms (1674) 13. Tropical Biodiversity (15th century to the present) 11. Photosynthesis (1770s) 2. The Cell Nucleus (1831) 6. Cell Differentiation (late 19th century) 4. Cell Division (1879) 5. Sex Cells (1884) 7. Mitochondria (late 19th century to the present) 9. Neurotransmission (late 19th to early 20th century) 10. Hormones (1903) 12. Ecosystem (1935) 8. The Krebs Cycle (1937) 3. Archaea (1977)
Year 1674 1750 1775 1831 1875 1879 1884 1900 1900 1903 1935 1937 1977
1 12 10 2 4 9 13 5 7 8 11 6 3
1. Microorganisms (1674) 11. Photosynthesis (1770s) 6. Cell Differentiation (late 19th century) 7. Mitochondria (late 19th century to the present) 12. Ecosystem (1935) 3. Archaea (1977) 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Year
Year
1950 2000
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