039. Lancashire Lrf Community Risk Register
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
THE CONTEXT: A PROFILE OF LANCASHIRE CONTENTS THE CONTEXT: A PROFILE OF LANCASHIRE ................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2 1. SOCIAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS 3 1.2 ETHNICITY 5 1.3 EMPLOYMENT 7 1.4 DEPRIVATION 8 1.5 ADMINISTRATION 9 1.6 RELIGION 10 2. THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1 GEOGRAPHY 11 2.2 ECOLOGY 11 2.3 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITES 14 2.4 AREAS OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY 14 2.5 HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS 16 2.6 RESERVOIRS 16 2.7 FLOODING 17 2.8 INLAND WATERWAYS 17 3. INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 18 3.1 TRANSPORT 18 3.2 FOOTBALL STADIA 19 3.3 HEALTH PROVISION 20 3.4 MINERAL EXTRACTION AND LANDFILL SITES 21 4. HAZARDOUS SITES ..................................................................................................... 23 4.1 COMAH Sites 23 4.2 NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 23 4.3 PIPELINES 23 4.4 HM PRISONS 23 5. REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 2001 – 2008 ....................................................... 24
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION This document describes the characteristics of Lancashire that may affect the likelihood and impact of an emergency in the community and places the register of hazards and threats in context. The county of Lancashire is one of the largest shire counties in England. Located in the north west of the country, the area is diverse and includes coastal resorts, the historic city of Lancaster, beautiful countryside and moorland, the industrial areas of Burnley and Accrington, and the new city of Preston as well as small market towns, ports and commuter settlements. There are 13 parliamentary constituencies within the county. Lancashire has a population of 1.2 million and about 34,600 VAT-registered businesses. With a £21bn per annum economy, Lancashire is one of the largest sub-regions in Britain in respect of its contribution to national output. Lancashire has moved forward considerably from its cotton industry roots to its present mixed economy made up of international and local companies like BAE Systems, Springfields Fuels Ltd, Leyland Trucks, Rolls Royce, Gold Medal Travel, Matalan and Homeserve Claims Management Ltd. However, manufacturing is still an important provider of the area’s wealth. It accounts for 17% of the 489,200 employees in the Lancashire county area, and a quarter of local GDP. Overall, unemployment, measured by means of the Annual Population Survey, at 5.2% is the same as the national average It is a diverse area covering 3069 square kilometres. Its geography comprises heavily populated urban areas with a legacy of historical industrial buildings contrasting with the sparsely populated uplands of the Bowland Fells and Pennine Moors and over 400 kilometres of coastline, including the vast mudflats of Morecambe Bay. Approximately 22 million day trips are made to Lancashire each year and tourism is reckoned to support more than 51,000 employee jobs (8.6% of all local jobs) and to generate £1.75bn of visitor expenditure – more than half of the total volume of tourism spend across the North West. Tourist attractions include Blackpool Pleasure Beach, Camelot Theme Park at Charnock Richard and the East Lancashire Steam Railway. Major annual events include the Royal Lancashire Show and the Blackpool Illuminations (September and October) and, in addition, the Blackpool Winter Gardens frequently host Political Party Conferences. Blackpool is the most visited resort in the UK.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
1. SOCIAL CONTEXT 1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Population estimate at mid 2006 Unitaries • Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council • Blackpool Council
141,200 142,700
Districts • Burnley Borough Council • Chorley Borough Council • Fylde Borough Council • Hyndburn Borough Council • Lancaster City Council • Pendle Borough Council • Preston City Council • Ribble Valley Borough Council • Rossendale Borough Council • South Ribble Borough Council • West Lancashire District Council • Wyre Borough Council Total County of Lancashire
88,000 103,700 75,700 82,200 143,000 90,100 132,000 57,800 66,700 106,400 109,800 110,400 1,165,800
Lancashire Total (including Unitaries)
1,449,700
Notes Some numbers do not sum exactly due to rounding.
Age of Resident Population In comparison with the England and Wales average, Lancashire reveals a small bias towards a higher proportion of people in the 65+ age-group and also a higher proportion in the 0-14 age-group. In the 25-44 prime working age group, the County has a smaller proportion than the England and Wales average. At the district level, the figures reveal that in the youngest age group (0-14 years), two East Lancashire authorities – Blackburn with Darwen (22.8%) and Hyndburn (20.3%) – had more than one-in-five of their residents in this category, a characteristic presumably reflecting above-par birth rates. In comparison, the percentage of 0-14 year-olds was only 14.8% in Fylde and 16.0% for North Lancashire as a whole. At the other end of the age spectrum, Fylde (22.7%) and Wyre District (22.5%) had the highest rates for the oldest 65+ age group. These proportions were well in excess of the Lancashire Blackburn & Blackpool (16.7%) and national (16.0%) averages, and reflect the attraction of these areas to retired inward migrants. Blackburn with Darwen (12.7%) and Rossendale (14.2%) by comparison had the lowest proportion of residents within the oldest age groups.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Preston (17.2%), together with Lancaster (18.4%), had high proportions of young people aged 15-24 years, reflecting the fact that these two districts contain sizeable universities. Resident Population by Age Group, Mid-2006 (%) Age Band 0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
Total
NORTH LANCASHIRE Blackpool Fylde Lancaster Wyre
16.0 17.0 14.8 15.7 15.9
13.8 12.5 10.6 18.4 11.7
24.6 25.5 23.8 25.5 22.8
25.7 25.8 28.1 23.4 27.0
19.8 19.1 22.7 17.0 22.5
471,800 142,700 75,700 143,000 110,400
CENTRAL LANCASHIRE Chorley Preston South Ribble West Lancashire
17.7 17.4 18.0 17.3 17.9
13.7 11.7 17.2 12.2 12.8
27.0 28.1 28.0 27.3 24.7
25.9 27.8 22.3 26.8 27.5
15.7 15.1 14.4 17.0 17.0
451,900 103,700 132,000 106,400 109,800
LANCASHIRE WEST
16.8
13.7
25.8
25.8
17.8
923,700
EAST LANCASHIRE Blackburn with Darwen Burnley Hyndburn Pendle Ribble Valley Rossendale
20.2 22.8 19.3 20.3 19.4 17.5 19.3
13.4 14.5 14.1 12.9 13.5 11.2 12.4
26.7 27.9 25.9 27.0 26.1 25.1 27.4
24.9 22.1 25.3 24.5 25.6 28.4 26.5
14.8 12.7 15.3 15.3 15.3 17.8 14.2
526,000 142,700 88,000 82,200 90,100 57,800 66,700
LANCASHIRE NUTS-2
18.0
13.6
26.1
25.5
16.7
1,449,600
North West
17.9
13.8
27.2
25.0
16.2
6,853,200
England and Wales 17.7 13.2 28.4 24.6 16.0 53,728,800 Note Percentages may not sum exactly due to rounding. Source ONS – Mid-Year Population Estimates Lancashire NUTS-2 is Lancashire County plus Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool Unitary Authorities
Population Projections The population growth in the County is projected to be positive (7.6%) resulting in a population total of 1,234.2 million by 2028. This projected increase in Lancashire is greater than that of the North West as a whole by more than three percentage points. The figures for the district councils are more prone to statistical error and therefore should be treated with caution. However, within Lancashire County, population growth over the 2003-2028 period is projected to occur in 10 of the 12 districts. The districts with the greatest projected increase are Ribble Valley (23.3%), Wyre (20.1%) and Fylde
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT (19.7%). The two districts with projected population decrease are Burnley (-6.6%) and Pendle (-0.2%). Blackburn with Darwen is expected to record a 4.1 per cent population increase over the period 2003-2028 whilst Blackpool is expected to record an increase over the period 2003-2028 of 8.4 per cent Population Projections, 2004-2029 2004 Burnley Chorley Fylde Hyndburn Lancaster Pendle Preston Ribble Valley Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire Wyre Lancashire County (NUTS-3) Blackburn with Darwen UA Blackpool UA
2009
2014
2019
2024
2029
% Change
88.1 103.0 75.8 81.6 136.7 89.3 131.0 56.6 65.9 105.5 109.2 109.3
85.7 106.9 79.8 81.8 140.3 89.4 132.1 59.8 65.8 108.2 110.5 115.1
84.1 110.9 83.5 82.1 143.4 89.7 133.4 62.5 65.9 110.8 111.8 120.6
83.1 115.0 87.2 82.7 146.3 90.2 134.8 64.9 66.4 113.6 113.2 126.0
82.2 118.4 90.8 83.2 149.5 90.6 136.3 67.1 66.9 116.1 114.4 131.0
81.4 121.0 93.8 83.4 152.4 90.7 137.7 68.7 67.3 118.0 115.1 135.3
-7.6 17.5 23.7 2.2 11.5 1.6 5.1 21.4 2.1 11.8 5.4 23.8
1,152.0
1,175.5
1,198.6
1,223.1
1,246.5
1,265.1
9.8
140.2
141.0
142.1
143.7
145.1
146.1
4.2
142.7
145.8
149.4
153.1
156.7
159.9
12.1
1,434.9 1,462.3 1,490.1 1,519.9 1,548.3 1,571.1 Lancashire NUTS-2(1) Source Office for National Statistics Note (1) The Lancashire NUTS-2 figures are summations of the Lancashire County and two Unitary Authority results.
9.7
These projections are trend-based and therefore show what the population will be if recent trends continue. Future levels of births, deaths and migration are therefore based on previously observed levels. The projections are produced on a consistent basis across all local authorities in England and do not reflect the impact of any future policy changes or local development policies on the population of an area. Please note that care must be taken when interpreting the figures especially for the local authorities and unitary authorities. These are less robust than the projections for the more populous geographical areas.
1.2 ETHNICITY From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Across the whole of Lancashire there is a higher percentage of people from a white ethnic background (92.1%) than is the average for England (89.1%) and the great bulk of these are "White British". Aside from these, the most significant ethnic group is "Asian or Asian British" who comprise nearly 6% of the resident population, a proportion marginally above the national average. All other broad ethnic groups have a lesser representation in Lancashire that nationally. This is particularly marked in the case of Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT "Black or Black British" who comprise just 0.4% of Lancashire's population against a share of 2.7% in England. Population by Broad Ethnic Group, 2005
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 1.3 EMPLOYMENT From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team 59% of the resident population aged 16 to 74 are employed, 3% are unemployed and 15% are retired. The remainder are accounted for by students, those permanently sick and “others”. The Annual Business Inquiry survey in December 2006 provided estimates suggesting that there were more than 610,000 employee jobs in the whole Lancashire area (including the two unitary authorities). This number was about 43,000 higher (+7.6%) than in 1998 when the Inquiry was first introduced. The 2006 employee workforce (less farm-based agricultural jobs) was divided almost equally between males and females. More than two-thirds of these employees worked on a full-time basis though there were gender differences. Close to 47% of the employee jobs filled by women were of a parttime nature (i.e. working for 30 or fewer hours per week. The profile for men remained much more heavily weighted towards full-time jobs with 85% working on a full-time basis. Of the total 2006 employee jobs in the whole Lancashire area, over 21% were classified to the production and construction industries, less than 1% were in agriculture, forestry and fishing, and the remainder (78%) were in service activities of one sort or another, of which the wholesale and distributive trades, health and social work, other business activities, education, and hotels and restaurants were the largest individual components.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 1.4 DEPRIVATION From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Four areas within Lancashire are ranked within the “top 50” most deprived areas in England (out of 354) on one or more of the six district level measures. They are Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool and Burnley (each of which have scores of less than 50 in four of the six measures), together with Preston which scores below 50 in two of the measures. Lancashire also has four further districts within the top 20% of deprived areas - Hyndburn (with scores of less than 70 in three of the six measures), together with Lancaster, Pendle and West Lancashire – all of which have a score of less than 70 in at least one of the measures). Only three local districts appear in the top 50% of least deprived areas - Fylde, Ribble Valley and South Ribble. The County’s least deprived district – Ribble Valley, ranks amongst the top 2% to 14% “least deprived” Districts in England, depending on the measure used. In the case of Lancashire County itself, the area exhibits highly average characteristics on four of the six measures out of the 149 County and Unitary authority areas in England, falling mid-way in the rankings. Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004 (FULL - All IMD Domains) for Lancashire Super Output Areas by Ranking Position in England
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The Indices of Deprivation 2004 (ID 2004) is based on 32,482 “Super Output Areas” (SOAs), which is a new small geographical unit introduced with the 2001 Census of Population, each covering between 1,000-3,000 people. This provides for an in-depth appreciation of variations in deprivation at a very local level, thereby providing the means to target support and funding. The model of relative multiple deprivation is based on the idea of distinct dimensions of deprivation which can be recognised and measured separately. Summarised information for local authority districts and county council areas uses six measures which give rise to six different sets of relative ranking intended to capture the complex pattern of deprivation found at these geographical levels. However, it should be stressed that when examining these rankings, no single measure is favoured over another as there is no single best way of describing or comparing England’s 354 districts.
LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
1.5 ADMINISTRATION From the Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service Lancashire’s political structure encompasses the two unitary authorities of Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool and the two-tiered County Council and 12 District Councils, which include such closely-spaced and functionally interlinked towns and cities as Burnley, Lancaster, Preston and Skelmersdale.
There are over 200 Parish and Town Councils in Lancashire that have a limited number of duties. They do, however, have wide powers, should they decide to use them and they may, with agreement of the district or county council, exercise certain functions normally carried out by those councils.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
1.6 RELIGION Collated by the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Area
Percentage of Total Population in Area Christian
Buddhist
Hindu
Jewish
Muslim
Sikh
Other religion
No religion
Religion not stated
England
71.74
0.28
1.11
0.52
3.10
0.01
0.29
14.59
7.69
Lancashire Total
76.90
0.15
0.41
0.09
4.68
0.00
0.18
10.28
7.22
Blackburn with Darwen
63.29
0.12
0.31
0.04
19.40
0.10
0.14
7.99
8.62
Blackpool
78.63
0.17
0.12
0.21
0.44
0.03
0.23
11.39
8.78
Burnley
74.46
0.11
0.28
0.03
6.58
0.03
0.18
11.04
7.27
Chorley
84.04
0.20
0.18
0.05
0.64
0.05
0.14
9.08
5.63
Fylde
82.42
0.12
0.16
0.54
0.25
0.04
0.19
9.63
6.65
Hyndburn
76.30
0.08
0.05
0.03
7.19
0.05
0.13
9.20
6.98
Lancaster
76.31
0.25
0.13
0.09
0.59
0.05
0.27
13.63
8.68
Pendle
65.40
0.14
0.08
0.03
13.43
0.02
0.20
13.08
7.61
Preston
71.46
0.17
2.59
0.05
8.24
0.56
0.17
9.80
6.98
Ribble Valley
85.31
0.12
0.14
0.05
0.61
0.01
0.14
8.22
5.41
Rossendale
75.68
0.13
0.10
0.06
2.87
0.02
0.21
13.91
7.02
South Ribble
84.71
0.14
0.43
0.03
0.32
0.04
0.11
8.65
5.58
West Lancashire
83.77
0.12
0.20
0.04
0.18
0.06
0.16
8.89
6.59
Wyre
83.06
0.15
0.14
0.10
0.18
0.05
0.22
9.40
6.73
Source: 2001 Census
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
2. THE ENVIRONMENT 2.1 GEOGRAPHY Complied by Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service The geography of Lancashire includes heavily populated urban areas with a legacy of historical industrial buildings contrasting with the sparsely populated uplands of the Bowland Fells and Pennine Moors and over 400 kilometres of coastline, including the vast mudflats of Morecambe Bay. The total area for the whole of Lancashire (County plus two Unitary Authorities) is 3,069 square kilometres with 461 average number of people per square kilometre (4.61 per hectare). The total area for the County of Lancashire excluding the two Unitary Authorities is 2,897 square kilometres with 1,015 average number of people per square kilometre. Source: ONS Mid-2001 Population Estimates Coastline The total length of coastline is 418.34 kilometres. Radiation levels declined significantly in fish and shellfish catches between 1990 and 2000. These reductions were the result of increasingly strict regulation of discharges from the nuclear industry. Major Rivers There are 5 major rivers: • Douglas (Asland) • Irwell • Lune • Ribble • Wyre In total, 88% of rivers and canals in Lancashire were classed as having a good or fair water quality in 2000, but the figure is lower than the 94% average for England as a whole. The Lancashire result however, represents a substantial improvement over figures recorded in the early and mid-1990s.
2.2 ECOLOGY From the Lancashire County Ecology Service These include Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas and Ramsar sites. They are identified under various European Community Directives and international conventions. English Nature carries out consultations in respect of the identification of these sites, on behalf of the DEFRA.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Internationally Important Sites In Lancashire Site Designations Bowland Fells Calf Hill and Cragg Woods Leighton Moss Martin Mere Morecambe Bay Morecambe Bay Pavements North Pennine Dales and Meadows Ribble and Alt Esturies South Pennine Moors
Other Status in Lancashire
SSSI, SPA SSSI, SAC SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA
RSPB reserve Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserve SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA, Includes RSPB Morecambe SAC (part only) Bay reserve SSSI, SAC Limestone Pavement Orders SSSI, SAC SSSI, Ramsar Site, SPA Includes Ribble Marshes National Nature Reserve SSSI, SPA, SAC
International Designations in Lancashire
Ramsar site -Listed under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance signed at Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. - UK Statutory Designation -SSSI
Special Protection Areas (SPAs) -Classified under the European Community Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (1979). - UK Statutory Designations - SSSI; SPA
Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) -To be designated under the European Community Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Flora and Fauna (the Habitats Directive) (1992). - UK Statutory Designation SSSI; SAC
The wildlife sites in the County which English Nature considers to be the most important are likely to have been designated as statutory wildlife sites (SSSIs etc.). However, in Lancashire there are also over 1100 Biological Heritage Sites at present, covering 25000 ha. and representing 8% of the County area. The BHSs contain valuable habitats such
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT as ancient woodland, species-rich grassland and bogs, many of which provide a refuge for rare and threatened plants and animals.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 2.3 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITES From the Lancashire County Ecology Service English Nature also conserves about 1300 nationally important geological research locations. In Lancashire there are presently some 93 Geological Heritage Sites covering 3000 ha.
2.4 AREAS OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY From the Lancashire County Countryside Service Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT The Forest of Bowland and Pendle Hill were designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in February 1964. The AONB covers some 802 square kilometres of rural Lancashire and North Yorkshire. It is an area of national and international importance because of its unspoiled and richly diverse landscapes and wildlife. Thirteen per cent of Bowland is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The moors are a major breeding ground for upland birds and the major part of the Bowland Fells is designated as a Special Protection Area under the European Birds Directive. Beacon Fell Country Park also lies within the AONB. The eleventh largest of the 37 designated AONBs in England and Wales, the area is shown on the map below:
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
In addition, Arnside and Silverdale AONB is also partly located within Lancashire:
2.5 HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS From the Lancashire County Archaeological Service The Lancashire County Archaeological Service maintains the Lancashire Sites and Monuments Record - a database of over 17,500 known archaeological and historical sites in the county. Included in this are about 5,400 Listed Buildings, classified in grades to denote their relative importance (Grades I, II* and II). These are historic buildings protected because of their special architectural or historic interest. The principal legislation is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and guidance on the implementation of the Act is set out in Planning Policy Guidance 15, Planning and the Historic Environment (1994). There are also approximately 140 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Lancashire and an additional 19,000 other archaeological sites.
2.6RESERVOIRS From the Environment Agency There are 114 registered dams/reservoirs in Lancashire. The oldest reservoir dates back to 1748 while the majority were constructed in the 1800’s. The newest reservoir was constructed in 1991. The largest under the responsibility of United Utilities has a capacity of 1,500,000 cubic metres and the smallest holds 45,000 cubic metres of water. United Utilities owns 75 reservoirs and the others are privately owned. All reservoirs are subject to safety inspections as required by the Reservoirs Act 1975 for reservoirs over 25,000 m3. The Environment Agency regulates these reservoirs under the Water Act 2004. Further information from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/flood/896276/896368/907848/?lang=_e
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 2.7FLOODING From the Environment Agency In Lancashire, there are 65,000 properties at risk from flooding from rivers and/or from the sea. The Environment Agency offers a flood warning service to 47,487 (or 73%) properties that are within 35 formal flood warning areas and 25 contingency “breach” areas. There are 15 areas considered to be at risk from flooding from rivers and 19 areas considered to be at risk from flooding from the sea. The level of risk for these areas is varies between 1 in 5 and 1 in 1000 years. Further information on flooding from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/flood/826674/ or for specific details for a postal address from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/maps/?lang=_e
2.8INLAND WATERWAYS From British Waterways Lancaster Canal The Lancaster Canal is 72.4 kilometres long and is unique. Being a contour canal (built along the natural lie of the land), it has 41 miles without locks, the longest stretch in the country. The only locks on the main length are at Tewitfield, the southernmost point of the Northern Reaches and part of the restoration scheme to reopen the 14 miles of canal to Kendal. The canal includes an aquaduct over the River Lune and a short branch to Glasson Dock via six locks. This connection to the sea was for many years the Lancaster Canal's only link to the outside world. However, in 2002, the Millennium Ribble Link was opened: the first new canal for 95 years. It allows inland craft to cross between the Lancaster Canal and the national canal network, connecting the southern end of the Lancaster Canal at Preston with the River Douglas and then the Rufford Branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.
Leeds / Liverpool Canal This is the longest canal in Britain built as a single waterway with 162.5 kilometres within Lancashire. One of three trans-Pennine waterways, landmarks include the Burnley Embankment and Foulridge Tunnel.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
3. INFRASTRUCTURE 3.1 TRANSPORT Complied by Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service
Road Network A first rate road communications infrastructure includes the M6, M55, M58, M61, M65 and A601(M) with a total length of 172 kilometres (Source: Dept. of Transport Road Lengths in Great Britain 2001) providing both north-south and east-west rapid access to other parts of the region and beyond. The motorways and trunk roads in Lancashire fall within the Highways Agency’s Area 13 (covering the north of the county) and Area 10 (south of the county). The Managing Agent Contractor for both areas until 30 June 2008 is AmeyMouchel. Traffic flows on major roads in Lancashire generally increased by between 10% and 30% between 1990 and 2000. The busiest stretch of motorway in the County, the M6 east of Preston, saw a 69% increase to nearly 150,000 vehicles an hour in 2000.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Railways The total length of track in the County is 326 kilometres. The West Coast Main Line is a high speed electrified line (25kv overhead system) of 53.09 kilometres that has received major investment to allow capacity improvements and faster line speeds. Virgin Trains have new Pendolino, Voyager and Super Voyager trains for West Coast and Cross-Country franchises. The Ormskirk to Liverpool line is electrified using the third rail system (750v). Airports There are 2 in Lancashire: • BAE Systems, Warton: Military, Cargo and Company passengers • Blackpool – Civil including heliport for offshore industry. Owned by City Hopper Airports Ltd and Mar Properties, Blackpool is due to expand from 250k passengers in 2004 to 1m passengers in 2008. It provides daily fights to London (Stanstead), Dublin and Barcelona (Girona) by low-cost airline Ryanair. Other regular services operate to Belfast and the Isle of Man whilst there is also charter traffic to European holiday destinations. It is also the base for a major helicopter operation serving the North West's offshore industry. Sea Ports There are 3 ports: • Heysham – currently owned by Mersey Docks & Harbour Company but due to be taken over by Peel Ports by end of July 2005. 14 ferry sailings per day plus high speed services (SEACAT) make the port of Heysham a major freight link to Ireland and the Isle of Man. • Fleetwood is important for ro-ro traffic to and from Northern Ireland with 3 ferry sailings per day. • The small port of Glasson Dock, near Lancaster, provides facilities for cargos (mainly grain and cement) to Ireland and the Isle of Man.
3.2 FOOTBALL STADIA From Lancashire County Council Property Services (Special Services)
Six stadia in Lancashire are designated grounds under the Safety at Sports Grounds Act as Amended and have full safety certificates: Blackburn Rovers FC Burnley FC Preston North End FC Blackpool FC Morecambe FC Chorley FC & RFC
Premier League First Division First Division Second Division Conference League Unibond League
(capacity 31,367) (capacity 22,610) (capacity 20,861) (capacity 10,316) (capacity 6,030) (capacity 4,190)
In addition the following grounds have at least one stand with a capacity of 500+ which are regulated Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987: Accrington Stanley FC Bamber Bridge FC Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Blackpool Stanley Park Great Harwood Town FC Lancaster City FC Lancashire Football Association (Leyland) Rossendale United FC.
3.3 HEALTH PROVISION From NHS Choices: http://www.nhs.uk/england/default.aspx
The NHS was set up in 1948 and is now the largest organisation in Europe. The NHS is changing the way it works to make sure patients always come first. This has brought about some fundamental changes in the way the NHS is structured and the way in which the different organisations within the NHS relate to each other. The diagram below shows you how the NHS structure works in England.
Strategic Health Authority (NHS North West) NHS North West was established on 1st July 2006 as part of the move by the Department of Health to strengthen primary care trusts. NHS North West has replaced the three former strategic health authorities in Cumbria and Lancashire, Cheshire and Merseyside and Greater Manchester.The strategic health authority is responsible for: • • • •
Developing plans for improving health services in their local area Making sure local health services are of a high quality and are performing well Increasing the capacity of local health services - so they can provide more services Making sure national priorities - for example, programmes for improving cancer services - are integrated into local health service plans
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
Primary Care Trusts The Primary Care Trusts ensure that there are enough services for people within their area and that these services are accessible. They must also make sure that all other health services are provided, including hospitals, dentists, opticians, mental health services, NHS Walk-In Centres, NHS Direct, patient transport (including Accident & Emergency), population screening, and pharmacies. They are also responsible for getting health and social care systems working together to the benefit of patients. Lancashire is covered by five Primary Care Trusts: • • • • •
Blackburn with Darwen PCT Blackpool PCT North Lancashire Teaching PCT East Lancashire Teaching PCT Central Lancashire PCT
Major Hospitals Hospitals are managed by NHS Trusts (also known as Acute Trusts). The major hospitals with A & E facilities are: • • • • • •
Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Burnley General, Burnley Chorley and South Ribble District General, Chorley Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster Royal Preston, Preston (a Foundation Trust hospital with more financial and operational independence than an Acute Trust) • Ormskirk District General, Ormskirk
3.4 MINERAL EXTRACTION AND LANDFILL SITES From Lancashire County Council Waste and Minerals Policy Group
Lancashire is the North West's largest producer of aggregate minerals. This is demonstrated by the important minerals worked, such as sand and gravel, gritstone and limestone. Furthermore, Lancashire contains major industrial facilities in the form of a major cement works and three substantial brickworks. There is also an active interest in other minerals, such as coal, oil and gas, metaliferous minerals, salt, peat, industrial and horticultural sands. Some 40 kilometres west of the coast, off Blackpool, the North and South Morecambe gas fields are the source of the largest offshore natural gas reserves outside the North Sea with recoverable reserves of 179bn cubic metres. Discovered in 1974 the fields have been developed by the British Gas subsidiary Hydrocarbon Resources Ltd. and are capable of supplying 15% of Britain's daily peak gas demand. As well as the rigs, the operation has an onshore support base at the port of Heysham which provides administrative and logistical support for the field operation. Elsewhere across the County, various industrial minerals such as brine and silica sand, together with limited deposits of peat and metalliferous minerals have been worked in the past but are no longer of any economic significance. The remaining extractive operations Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT are now based around non-metallic construction materials - limestone and gritstone for crushed rock aggregates, sand and gravel and materials for the manufacture of bricks and cement serving mainly local markets. The waste management industry is also highly developed in Lancashire ranging from disposal operations at landfill and landraise sites to the treatment and recycling/reuse of waste materials.
Minerals and Waste Sites Burnley
Chorley
Fylde Hyndburn Lancaster
Ribble Valley
Rossendale
South Ribble West Lancashire
Wyre
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Back Lane Quarry, Over Kellet, near Carnforth Claughton Moor Quarry, Claughton Dunald Mill, Nether Kellet Ellel Crag Quarry, Galgate Leaper’s Wood Quarry, Over Kelley Salt Ayre Landfill Site, Lancaster Bankfield Quarry, near Clitheroe Bellman Quarry, near Clitheroe Henthorne, near Clitheroe Leeming Quarry, Stoneyhurst Waddington Fell Quarry, Waddington Fletcher Bank Quarry, Rossendale Hutch Bank Quarry, Haslingden Jamestone Quarry, near Haslingden Middle Hill Quarries, Shawforth, Rossendale Scout Moor Quarry, Rossendale Tong Farm, Bacup Whitworth Quarry Complex, Rossendale Lydiate Lane, Cuerden, Bamber Bridge Dalton Quarry, Dalton, Skelmersdale
extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction + landfill landfill landfill extraction extraction extraction + landfill extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction landfill extraction extraction landfill extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction
Nipe Lane Peat Working, Skelmersdale Ravenhead Quarry and Brickworks, Upholland Simonswood Moss Peat Workings, Kirkby West Quarry, Appley Bridge Jameson Road Landfill Site, Fleetwood
extraction extraction extraction extraction landfill
Greenclough Colliery, Cliviger Hill Top Colliery, near Bacup Twist Hill and Delf Hill Quarry, Briercliffe Brinscall Quarry, near Chorley Clayton Hall Quarry, Euxton Withnell Landfill, near Abbey Village Clifton Marsh Landfill Site, Freckleton St Annes Foreshore, Lytham St Annes Mitchell’s House Quarry, Accrington Whinney Hill, Accrington
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4. HAZARDOUS SITES From Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service
4.1 COMAH Sites (see http://www.hse.gov.uk/chemicals/index.htm for further information)
There are 8 Top Tier COMAH (Control of Major Hazard Regulations 1999) sites in Lancashire designated by the Competent Authority (Health and Safety Executive / Environment Agency).
4.2 NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS There are 2 nuclear power generating sites, Heysham 1 and 2 (Morecambe) covered by the Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001 (REPPIR). Each of these has two reactors, making Heysham the largest nuclear generating site in the country. Springfield Fuels Ltd., Salwick, Preston is a fuel reprocessing plant, also covered by COMAH (see 4.1). For further information: http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/reppir.htm
4.3 PIPELINES The types and lengths of major accident hazard pipelines in Lancashire are: Ethylene (Sabic UK Petrochemicals) Ethylene (Shell) Natural Gas (National Grid Gas) Natural Gas (S.P. Generation) Natural Gas (NPower Cogen)
101.3 88.4 563.1 2.9 1.6
They are maintained under the Pipeline Safety Regulations 1996.
4.4 HM PRISONS There are 6 in Lancashire: Garth, Leyland Kirkham Lancaster Castle Lancaster Farms Preston Wymott, Leyland
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Cat. B & C Cat D Cat C Ages 17-21 (with juvenile wing 14-17) Cat B & C Cat C
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kilometres kilometres kilometres kilometres kilometres
LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
5. REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 2001 – 2008 During the period 2001 to date, the organisations that comprise the Lancashire Resilience Forum have had to deal with the following significant incidents and consequences and the learning and experience of those events has been incorporated into their planning for future incidents and the compilation of the register. Foot and Mouth Disease Fuel Dispute and Shortages Public Disorder, East Lancashire Upper Rivington Reservoir leakage HM The Queen – Jubilee Visit Commonwealth Games Cycling Events Blackpool Political Conferences Fire Service Industrial Action Morecambe Bay Cockling Tragedy Fatal helicopter crash into Irish Sea Rail crash, Grayrigg, Cumbria Major fires, Fleetwood & Red Scar Industrial Estate Gas leak, Preston Water shortages in Blackpool, Wyre & Lancaster County wide flooding Maritime Rescue of personnel from Riverdance ferry, Irish Sea Beaching of Riverdance ferry at Blackpool and subsequent disposal
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2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007 2002/2003 2004 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007/2008 2008 2008 2008
THE CONTEXT: A PROFILE OF LANCASHIRE CONTENTS THE CONTEXT: A PROFILE OF LANCASHIRE ................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2 1. SOCIAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS 3 1.2 ETHNICITY 5 1.3 EMPLOYMENT 7 1.4 DEPRIVATION 8 1.5 ADMINISTRATION 9 1.6 RELIGION 10 2. THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1 GEOGRAPHY 11 2.2 ECOLOGY 11 2.3 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITES 14 2.4 AREAS OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY 14 2.5 HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS 16 2.6 RESERVOIRS 16 2.7 FLOODING 17 2.8 INLAND WATERWAYS 17 3. INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 18 3.1 TRANSPORT 18 3.2 FOOTBALL STADIA 19 3.3 HEALTH PROVISION 20 3.4 MINERAL EXTRACTION AND LANDFILL SITES 21 4. HAZARDOUS SITES ..................................................................................................... 23 4.1 COMAH Sites 23 4.2 NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 23 4.3 PIPELINES 23 4.4 HM PRISONS 23 5. REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 2001 – 2008 ....................................................... 24
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION This document describes the characteristics of Lancashire that may affect the likelihood and impact of an emergency in the community and places the register of hazards and threats in context. The county of Lancashire is one of the largest shire counties in England. Located in the north west of the country, the area is diverse and includes coastal resorts, the historic city of Lancaster, beautiful countryside and moorland, the industrial areas of Burnley and Accrington, and the new city of Preston as well as small market towns, ports and commuter settlements. There are 13 parliamentary constituencies within the county. Lancashire has a population of 1.2 million and about 34,600 VAT-registered businesses. With a £21bn per annum economy, Lancashire is one of the largest sub-regions in Britain in respect of its contribution to national output. Lancashire has moved forward considerably from its cotton industry roots to its present mixed economy made up of international and local companies like BAE Systems, Springfields Fuels Ltd, Leyland Trucks, Rolls Royce, Gold Medal Travel, Matalan and Homeserve Claims Management Ltd. However, manufacturing is still an important provider of the area’s wealth. It accounts for 17% of the 489,200 employees in the Lancashire county area, and a quarter of local GDP. Overall, unemployment, measured by means of the Annual Population Survey, at 5.2% is the same as the national average It is a diverse area covering 3069 square kilometres. Its geography comprises heavily populated urban areas with a legacy of historical industrial buildings contrasting with the sparsely populated uplands of the Bowland Fells and Pennine Moors and over 400 kilometres of coastline, including the vast mudflats of Morecambe Bay. Approximately 22 million day trips are made to Lancashire each year and tourism is reckoned to support more than 51,000 employee jobs (8.6% of all local jobs) and to generate £1.75bn of visitor expenditure – more than half of the total volume of tourism spend across the North West. Tourist attractions include Blackpool Pleasure Beach, Camelot Theme Park at Charnock Richard and the East Lancashire Steam Railway. Major annual events include the Royal Lancashire Show and the Blackpool Illuminations (September and October) and, in addition, the Blackpool Winter Gardens frequently host Political Party Conferences. Blackpool is the most visited resort in the UK.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
1. SOCIAL CONTEXT 1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Population estimate at mid 2006 Unitaries • Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council • Blackpool Council
141,200 142,700
Districts • Burnley Borough Council • Chorley Borough Council • Fylde Borough Council • Hyndburn Borough Council • Lancaster City Council • Pendle Borough Council • Preston City Council • Ribble Valley Borough Council • Rossendale Borough Council • South Ribble Borough Council • West Lancashire District Council • Wyre Borough Council Total County of Lancashire
88,000 103,700 75,700 82,200 143,000 90,100 132,000 57,800 66,700 106,400 109,800 110,400 1,165,800
Lancashire Total (including Unitaries)
1,449,700
Notes Some numbers do not sum exactly due to rounding.
Age of Resident Population In comparison with the England and Wales average, Lancashire reveals a small bias towards a higher proportion of people in the 65+ age-group and also a higher proportion in the 0-14 age-group. In the 25-44 prime working age group, the County has a smaller proportion than the England and Wales average. At the district level, the figures reveal that in the youngest age group (0-14 years), two East Lancashire authorities – Blackburn with Darwen (22.8%) and Hyndburn (20.3%) – had more than one-in-five of their residents in this category, a characteristic presumably reflecting above-par birth rates. In comparison, the percentage of 0-14 year-olds was only 14.8% in Fylde and 16.0% for North Lancashire as a whole. At the other end of the age spectrum, Fylde (22.7%) and Wyre District (22.5%) had the highest rates for the oldest 65+ age group. These proportions were well in excess of the Lancashire Blackburn & Blackpool (16.7%) and national (16.0%) averages, and reflect the attraction of these areas to retired inward migrants. Blackburn with Darwen (12.7%) and Rossendale (14.2%) by comparison had the lowest proportion of residents within the oldest age groups.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Preston (17.2%), together with Lancaster (18.4%), had high proportions of young people aged 15-24 years, reflecting the fact that these two districts contain sizeable universities. Resident Population by Age Group, Mid-2006 (%) Age Band 0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
Total
NORTH LANCASHIRE Blackpool Fylde Lancaster Wyre
16.0 17.0 14.8 15.7 15.9
13.8 12.5 10.6 18.4 11.7
24.6 25.5 23.8 25.5 22.8
25.7 25.8 28.1 23.4 27.0
19.8 19.1 22.7 17.0 22.5
471,800 142,700 75,700 143,000 110,400
CENTRAL LANCASHIRE Chorley Preston South Ribble West Lancashire
17.7 17.4 18.0 17.3 17.9
13.7 11.7 17.2 12.2 12.8
27.0 28.1 28.0 27.3 24.7
25.9 27.8 22.3 26.8 27.5
15.7 15.1 14.4 17.0 17.0
451,900 103,700 132,000 106,400 109,800
LANCASHIRE WEST
16.8
13.7
25.8
25.8
17.8
923,700
EAST LANCASHIRE Blackburn with Darwen Burnley Hyndburn Pendle Ribble Valley Rossendale
20.2 22.8 19.3 20.3 19.4 17.5 19.3
13.4 14.5 14.1 12.9 13.5 11.2 12.4
26.7 27.9 25.9 27.0 26.1 25.1 27.4
24.9 22.1 25.3 24.5 25.6 28.4 26.5
14.8 12.7 15.3 15.3 15.3 17.8 14.2
526,000 142,700 88,000 82,200 90,100 57,800 66,700
LANCASHIRE NUTS-2
18.0
13.6
26.1
25.5
16.7
1,449,600
North West
17.9
13.8
27.2
25.0
16.2
6,853,200
England and Wales 17.7 13.2 28.4 24.6 16.0 53,728,800 Note Percentages may not sum exactly due to rounding. Source ONS – Mid-Year Population Estimates Lancashire NUTS-2 is Lancashire County plus Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool Unitary Authorities
Population Projections The population growth in the County is projected to be positive (7.6%) resulting in a population total of 1,234.2 million by 2028. This projected increase in Lancashire is greater than that of the North West as a whole by more than three percentage points. The figures for the district councils are more prone to statistical error and therefore should be treated with caution. However, within Lancashire County, population growth over the 2003-2028 period is projected to occur in 10 of the 12 districts. The districts with the greatest projected increase are Ribble Valley (23.3%), Wyre (20.1%) and Fylde
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT (19.7%). The two districts with projected population decrease are Burnley (-6.6%) and Pendle (-0.2%). Blackburn with Darwen is expected to record a 4.1 per cent population increase over the period 2003-2028 whilst Blackpool is expected to record an increase over the period 2003-2028 of 8.4 per cent Population Projections, 2004-2029 2004 Burnley Chorley Fylde Hyndburn Lancaster Pendle Preston Ribble Valley Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire Wyre Lancashire County (NUTS-3) Blackburn with Darwen UA Blackpool UA
2009
2014
2019
2024
2029
% Change
88.1 103.0 75.8 81.6 136.7 89.3 131.0 56.6 65.9 105.5 109.2 109.3
85.7 106.9 79.8 81.8 140.3 89.4 132.1 59.8 65.8 108.2 110.5 115.1
84.1 110.9 83.5 82.1 143.4 89.7 133.4 62.5 65.9 110.8 111.8 120.6
83.1 115.0 87.2 82.7 146.3 90.2 134.8 64.9 66.4 113.6 113.2 126.0
82.2 118.4 90.8 83.2 149.5 90.6 136.3 67.1 66.9 116.1 114.4 131.0
81.4 121.0 93.8 83.4 152.4 90.7 137.7 68.7 67.3 118.0 115.1 135.3
-7.6 17.5 23.7 2.2 11.5 1.6 5.1 21.4 2.1 11.8 5.4 23.8
1,152.0
1,175.5
1,198.6
1,223.1
1,246.5
1,265.1
9.8
140.2
141.0
142.1
143.7
145.1
146.1
4.2
142.7
145.8
149.4
153.1
156.7
159.9
12.1
1,434.9 1,462.3 1,490.1 1,519.9 1,548.3 1,571.1 Lancashire NUTS-2(1) Source Office for National Statistics Note (1) The Lancashire NUTS-2 figures are summations of the Lancashire County and two Unitary Authority results.
9.7
These projections are trend-based and therefore show what the population will be if recent trends continue. Future levels of births, deaths and migration are therefore based on previously observed levels. The projections are produced on a consistent basis across all local authorities in England and do not reflect the impact of any future policy changes or local development policies on the population of an area. Please note that care must be taken when interpreting the figures especially for the local authorities and unitary authorities. These are less robust than the projections for the more populous geographical areas.
1.2 ETHNICITY From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Across the whole of Lancashire there is a higher percentage of people from a white ethnic background (92.1%) than is the average for England (89.1%) and the great bulk of these are "White British". Aside from these, the most significant ethnic group is "Asian or Asian British" who comprise nearly 6% of the resident population, a proportion marginally above the national average. All other broad ethnic groups have a lesser representation in Lancashire that nationally. This is particularly marked in the case of Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT "Black or Black British" who comprise just 0.4% of Lancashire's population against a share of 2.7% in England. Population by Broad Ethnic Group, 2005
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 1.3 EMPLOYMENT From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team 59% of the resident population aged 16 to 74 are employed, 3% are unemployed and 15% are retired. The remainder are accounted for by students, those permanently sick and “others”. The Annual Business Inquiry survey in December 2006 provided estimates suggesting that there were more than 610,000 employee jobs in the whole Lancashire area (including the two unitary authorities). This number was about 43,000 higher (+7.6%) than in 1998 when the Inquiry was first introduced. The 2006 employee workforce (less farm-based agricultural jobs) was divided almost equally between males and females. More than two-thirds of these employees worked on a full-time basis though there were gender differences. Close to 47% of the employee jobs filled by women were of a parttime nature (i.e. working for 30 or fewer hours per week. The profile for men remained much more heavily weighted towards full-time jobs with 85% working on a full-time basis. Of the total 2006 employee jobs in the whole Lancashire area, over 21% were classified to the production and construction industries, less than 1% were in agriculture, forestry and fishing, and the remainder (78%) were in service activities of one sort or another, of which the wholesale and distributive trades, health and social work, other business activities, education, and hotels and restaurants were the largest individual components.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 1.4 DEPRIVATION From the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Four areas within Lancashire are ranked within the “top 50” most deprived areas in England (out of 354) on one or more of the six district level measures. They are Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool and Burnley (each of which have scores of less than 50 in four of the six measures), together with Preston which scores below 50 in two of the measures. Lancashire also has four further districts within the top 20% of deprived areas - Hyndburn (with scores of less than 70 in three of the six measures), together with Lancaster, Pendle and West Lancashire – all of which have a score of less than 70 in at least one of the measures). Only three local districts appear in the top 50% of least deprived areas - Fylde, Ribble Valley and South Ribble. The County’s least deprived district – Ribble Valley, ranks amongst the top 2% to 14% “least deprived” Districts in England, depending on the measure used. In the case of Lancashire County itself, the area exhibits highly average characteristics on four of the six measures out of the 149 County and Unitary authority areas in England, falling mid-way in the rankings. Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004 (FULL - All IMD Domains) for Lancashire Super Output Areas by Ranking Position in England
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The Indices of Deprivation 2004 (ID 2004) is based on 32,482 “Super Output Areas” (SOAs), which is a new small geographical unit introduced with the 2001 Census of Population, each covering between 1,000-3,000 people. This provides for an in-depth appreciation of variations in deprivation at a very local level, thereby providing the means to target support and funding. The model of relative multiple deprivation is based on the idea of distinct dimensions of deprivation which can be recognised and measured separately. Summarised information for local authority districts and county council areas uses six measures which give rise to six different sets of relative ranking intended to capture the complex pattern of deprivation found at these geographical levels. However, it should be stressed that when examining these rankings, no single measure is favoured over another as there is no single best way of describing or comparing England’s 354 districts.
LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT
1.5 ADMINISTRATION From the Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service Lancashire’s political structure encompasses the two unitary authorities of Blackburn with Darwen and Blackpool and the two-tiered County Council and 12 District Councils, which include such closely-spaced and functionally interlinked towns and cities as Burnley, Lancaster, Preston and Skelmersdale.
There are over 200 Parish and Town Councils in Lancashire that have a limited number of duties. They do, however, have wide powers, should they decide to use them and they may, with agreement of the district or county council, exercise certain functions normally carried out by those councils.
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1.6 RELIGION Collated by the Lancashire County Council Economic Intelligence Team Area
Percentage of Total Population in Area Christian
Buddhist
Hindu
Jewish
Muslim
Sikh
Other religion
No religion
Religion not stated
England
71.74
0.28
1.11
0.52
3.10
0.01
0.29
14.59
7.69
Lancashire Total
76.90
0.15
0.41
0.09
4.68
0.00
0.18
10.28
7.22
Blackburn with Darwen
63.29
0.12
0.31
0.04
19.40
0.10
0.14
7.99
8.62
Blackpool
78.63
0.17
0.12
0.21
0.44
0.03
0.23
11.39
8.78
Burnley
74.46
0.11
0.28
0.03
6.58
0.03
0.18
11.04
7.27
Chorley
84.04
0.20
0.18
0.05
0.64
0.05
0.14
9.08
5.63
Fylde
82.42
0.12
0.16
0.54
0.25
0.04
0.19
9.63
6.65
Hyndburn
76.30
0.08
0.05
0.03
7.19
0.05
0.13
9.20
6.98
Lancaster
76.31
0.25
0.13
0.09
0.59
0.05
0.27
13.63
8.68
Pendle
65.40
0.14
0.08
0.03
13.43
0.02
0.20
13.08
7.61
Preston
71.46
0.17
2.59
0.05
8.24
0.56
0.17
9.80
6.98
Ribble Valley
85.31
0.12
0.14
0.05
0.61
0.01
0.14
8.22
5.41
Rossendale
75.68
0.13
0.10
0.06
2.87
0.02
0.21
13.91
7.02
South Ribble
84.71
0.14
0.43
0.03
0.32
0.04
0.11
8.65
5.58
West Lancashire
83.77
0.12
0.20
0.04
0.18
0.06
0.16
8.89
6.59
Wyre
83.06
0.15
0.14
0.10
0.18
0.05
0.22
9.40
6.73
Source: 2001 Census
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2. THE ENVIRONMENT 2.1 GEOGRAPHY Complied by Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service The geography of Lancashire includes heavily populated urban areas with a legacy of historical industrial buildings contrasting with the sparsely populated uplands of the Bowland Fells and Pennine Moors and over 400 kilometres of coastline, including the vast mudflats of Morecambe Bay. The total area for the whole of Lancashire (County plus two Unitary Authorities) is 3,069 square kilometres with 461 average number of people per square kilometre (4.61 per hectare). The total area for the County of Lancashire excluding the two Unitary Authorities is 2,897 square kilometres with 1,015 average number of people per square kilometre. Source: ONS Mid-2001 Population Estimates Coastline The total length of coastline is 418.34 kilometres. Radiation levels declined significantly in fish and shellfish catches between 1990 and 2000. These reductions were the result of increasingly strict regulation of discharges from the nuclear industry. Major Rivers There are 5 major rivers: • Douglas (Asland) • Irwell • Lune • Ribble • Wyre In total, 88% of rivers and canals in Lancashire were classed as having a good or fair water quality in 2000, but the figure is lower than the 94% average for England as a whole. The Lancashire result however, represents a substantial improvement over figures recorded in the early and mid-1990s.
2.2 ECOLOGY From the Lancashire County Ecology Service These include Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas and Ramsar sites. They are identified under various European Community Directives and international conventions. English Nature carries out consultations in respect of the identification of these sites, on behalf of the DEFRA.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Internationally Important Sites In Lancashire Site Designations Bowland Fells Calf Hill and Cragg Woods Leighton Moss Martin Mere Morecambe Bay Morecambe Bay Pavements North Pennine Dales and Meadows Ribble and Alt Esturies South Pennine Moors
Other Status in Lancashire
SSSI, SPA SSSI, SAC SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA
RSPB reserve Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserve SSSI, Ramsar site, SPA, Includes RSPB Morecambe SAC (part only) Bay reserve SSSI, SAC Limestone Pavement Orders SSSI, SAC SSSI, Ramsar Site, SPA Includes Ribble Marshes National Nature Reserve SSSI, SPA, SAC
International Designations in Lancashire
Ramsar site -Listed under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance signed at Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. - UK Statutory Designation -SSSI
Special Protection Areas (SPAs) -Classified under the European Community Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (1979). - UK Statutory Designations - SSSI; SPA
Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) -To be designated under the European Community Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Flora and Fauna (the Habitats Directive) (1992). - UK Statutory Designation SSSI; SAC
The wildlife sites in the County which English Nature considers to be the most important are likely to have been designated as statutory wildlife sites (SSSIs etc.). However, in Lancashire there are also over 1100 Biological Heritage Sites at present, covering 25000 ha. and representing 8% of the County area. The BHSs contain valuable habitats such
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT as ancient woodland, species-rich grassland and bogs, many of which provide a refuge for rare and threatened plants and animals.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 2.3 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITES From the Lancashire County Ecology Service English Nature also conserves about 1300 nationally important geological research locations. In Lancashire there are presently some 93 Geological Heritage Sites covering 3000 ha.
2.4 AREAS OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY From the Lancashire County Countryside Service Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT The Forest of Bowland and Pendle Hill were designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in February 1964. The AONB covers some 802 square kilometres of rural Lancashire and North Yorkshire. It is an area of national and international importance because of its unspoiled and richly diverse landscapes and wildlife. Thirteen per cent of Bowland is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The moors are a major breeding ground for upland birds and the major part of the Bowland Fells is designated as a Special Protection Area under the European Birds Directive. Beacon Fell Country Park also lies within the AONB. The eleventh largest of the 37 designated AONBs in England and Wales, the area is shown on the map below:
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In addition, Arnside and Silverdale AONB is also partly located within Lancashire:
2.5 HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS From the Lancashire County Archaeological Service The Lancashire County Archaeological Service maintains the Lancashire Sites and Monuments Record - a database of over 17,500 known archaeological and historical sites in the county. Included in this are about 5,400 Listed Buildings, classified in grades to denote their relative importance (Grades I, II* and II). These are historic buildings protected because of their special architectural or historic interest. The principal legislation is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and guidance on the implementation of the Act is set out in Planning Policy Guidance 15, Planning and the Historic Environment (1994). There are also approximately 140 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Lancashire and an additional 19,000 other archaeological sites.
2.6RESERVOIRS From the Environment Agency There are 114 registered dams/reservoirs in Lancashire. The oldest reservoir dates back to 1748 while the majority were constructed in the 1800’s. The newest reservoir was constructed in 1991. The largest under the responsibility of United Utilities has a capacity of 1,500,000 cubic metres and the smallest holds 45,000 cubic metres of water. United Utilities owns 75 reservoirs and the others are privately owned. All reservoirs are subject to safety inspections as required by the Reservoirs Act 1975 for reservoirs over 25,000 m3. The Environment Agency regulates these reservoirs under the Water Act 2004. Further information from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/flood/896276/896368/907848/?lang=_e
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT 2.7FLOODING From the Environment Agency In Lancashire, there are 65,000 properties at risk from flooding from rivers and/or from the sea. The Environment Agency offers a flood warning service to 47,487 (or 73%) properties that are within 35 formal flood warning areas and 25 contingency “breach” areas. There are 15 areas considered to be at risk from flooding from rivers and 19 areas considered to be at risk from flooding from the sea. The level of risk for these areas is varies between 1 in 5 and 1 in 1000 years. Further information on flooding from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/flood/826674/ or for specific details for a postal address from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/maps/?lang=_e
2.8INLAND WATERWAYS From British Waterways Lancaster Canal The Lancaster Canal is 72.4 kilometres long and is unique. Being a contour canal (built along the natural lie of the land), it has 41 miles without locks, the longest stretch in the country. The only locks on the main length are at Tewitfield, the southernmost point of the Northern Reaches and part of the restoration scheme to reopen the 14 miles of canal to Kendal. The canal includes an aquaduct over the River Lune and a short branch to Glasson Dock via six locks. This connection to the sea was for many years the Lancaster Canal's only link to the outside world. However, in 2002, the Millennium Ribble Link was opened: the first new canal for 95 years. It allows inland craft to cross between the Lancaster Canal and the national canal network, connecting the southern end of the Lancaster Canal at Preston with the River Douglas and then the Rufford Branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.
Leeds / Liverpool Canal This is the longest canal in Britain built as a single waterway with 162.5 kilometres within Lancashire. One of three trans-Pennine waterways, landmarks include the Burnley Embankment and Foulridge Tunnel.
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3. INFRASTRUCTURE 3.1 TRANSPORT Complied by Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service
Road Network A first rate road communications infrastructure includes the M6, M55, M58, M61, M65 and A601(M) with a total length of 172 kilometres (Source: Dept. of Transport Road Lengths in Great Britain 2001) providing both north-south and east-west rapid access to other parts of the region and beyond. The motorways and trunk roads in Lancashire fall within the Highways Agency’s Area 13 (covering the north of the county) and Area 10 (south of the county). The Managing Agent Contractor for both areas until 30 June 2008 is AmeyMouchel. Traffic flows on major roads in Lancashire generally increased by between 10% and 30% between 1990 and 2000. The busiest stretch of motorway in the County, the M6 east of Preston, saw a 69% increase to nearly 150,000 vehicles an hour in 2000.
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Railways The total length of track in the County is 326 kilometres. The West Coast Main Line is a high speed electrified line (25kv overhead system) of 53.09 kilometres that has received major investment to allow capacity improvements and faster line speeds. Virgin Trains have new Pendolino, Voyager and Super Voyager trains for West Coast and Cross-Country franchises. The Ormskirk to Liverpool line is electrified using the third rail system (750v). Airports There are 2 in Lancashire: • BAE Systems, Warton: Military, Cargo and Company passengers • Blackpool – Civil including heliport for offshore industry. Owned by City Hopper Airports Ltd and Mar Properties, Blackpool is due to expand from 250k passengers in 2004 to 1m passengers in 2008. It provides daily fights to London (Stanstead), Dublin and Barcelona (Girona) by low-cost airline Ryanair. Other regular services operate to Belfast and the Isle of Man whilst there is also charter traffic to European holiday destinations. It is also the base for a major helicopter operation serving the North West's offshore industry. Sea Ports There are 3 ports: • Heysham – currently owned by Mersey Docks & Harbour Company but due to be taken over by Peel Ports by end of July 2005. 14 ferry sailings per day plus high speed services (SEACAT) make the port of Heysham a major freight link to Ireland and the Isle of Man. • Fleetwood is important for ro-ro traffic to and from Northern Ireland with 3 ferry sailings per day. • The small port of Glasson Dock, near Lancaster, provides facilities for cargos (mainly grain and cement) to Ireland and the Isle of Man.
3.2 FOOTBALL STADIA From Lancashire County Council Property Services (Special Services)
Six stadia in Lancashire are designated grounds under the Safety at Sports Grounds Act as Amended and have full safety certificates: Blackburn Rovers FC Burnley FC Preston North End FC Blackpool FC Morecambe FC Chorley FC & RFC
Premier League First Division First Division Second Division Conference League Unibond League
(capacity 31,367) (capacity 22,610) (capacity 20,861) (capacity 10,316) (capacity 6,030) (capacity 4,190)
In addition the following grounds have at least one stand with a capacity of 500+ which are regulated Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987: Accrington Stanley FC Bamber Bridge FC Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT Blackpool Stanley Park Great Harwood Town FC Lancaster City FC Lancashire Football Association (Leyland) Rossendale United FC.
3.3 HEALTH PROVISION From NHS Choices: http://www.nhs.uk/england/default.aspx
The NHS was set up in 1948 and is now the largest organisation in Europe. The NHS is changing the way it works to make sure patients always come first. This has brought about some fundamental changes in the way the NHS is structured and the way in which the different organisations within the NHS relate to each other. The diagram below shows you how the NHS structure works in England.
Strategic Health Authority (NHS North West) NHS North West was established on 1st July 2006 as part of the move by the Department of Health to strengthen primary care trusts. NHS North West has replaced the three former strategic health authorities in Cumbria and Lancashire, Cheshire and Merseyside and Greater Manchester.The strategic health authority is responsible for: • • • •
Developing plans for improving health services in their local area Making sure local health services are of a high quality and are performing well Increasing the capacity of local health services - so they can provide more services Making sure national priorities - for example, programmes for improving cancer services - are integrated into local health service plans
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Primary Care Trusts The Primary Care Trusts ensure that there are enough services for people within their area and that these services are accessible. They must also make sure that all other health services are provided, including hospitals, dentists, opticians, mental health services, NHS Walk-In Centres, NHS Direct, patient transport (including Accident & Emergency), population screening, and pharmacies. They are also responsible for getting health and social care systems working together to the benefit of patients. Lancashire is covered by five Primary Care Trusts: • • • • •
Blackburn with Darwen PCT Blackpool PCT North Lancashire Teaching PCT East Lancashire Teaching PCT Central Lancashire PCT
Major Hospitals Hospitals are managed by NHS Trusts (also known as Acute Trusts). The major hospitals with A & E facilities are: • • • • • •
Blackburn Royal Infirmary, Blackburn Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Burnley General, Burnley Chorley and South Ribble District General, Chorley Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster Royal Preston, Preston (a Foundation Trust hospital with more financial and operational independence than an Acute Trust) • Ormskirk District General, Ormskirk
3.4 MINERAL EXTRACTION AND LANDFILL SITES From Lancashire County Council Waste and Minerals Policy Group
Lancashire is the North West's largest producer of aggregate minerals. This is demonstrated by the important minerals worked, such as sand and gravel, gritstone and limestone. Furthermore, Lancashire contains major industrial facilities in the form of a major cement works and three substantial brickworks. There is also an active interest in other minerals, such as coal, oil and gas, metaliferous minerals, salt, peat, industrial and horticultural sands. Some 40 kilometres west of the coast, off Blackpool, the North and South Morecambe gas fields are the source of the largest offshore natural gas reserves outside the North Sea with recoverable reserves of 179bn cubic metres. Discovered in 1974 the fields have been developed by the British Gas subsidiary Hydrocarbon Resources Ltd. and are capable of supplying 15% of Britain's daily peak gas demand. As well as the rigs, the operation has an onshore support base at the port of Heysham which provides administrative and logistical support for the field operation. Elsewhere across the County, various industrial minerals such as brine and silica sand, together with limited deposits of peat and metalliferous minerals have been worked in the past but are no longer of any economic significance. The remaining extractive operations Version 2.0 Issued 16 May 2008
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LANCASHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM COMMUNITY RISK REGISTER THE CONTEXT are now based around non-metallic construction materials - limestone and gritstone for crushed rock aggregates, sand and gravel and materials for the manufacture of bricks and cement serving mainly local markets. The waste management industry is also highly developed in Lancashire ranging from disposal operations at landfill and landraise sites to the treatment and recycling/reuse of waste materials.
Minerals and Waste Sites Burnley
Chorley
Fylde Hyndburn Lancaster
Ribble Valley
Rossendale
South Ribble West Lancashire
Wyre
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Back Lane Quarry, Over Kellet, near Carnforth Claughton Moor Quarry, Claughton Dunald Mill, Nether Kellet Ellel Crag Quarry, Galgate Leaper’s Wood Quarry, Over Kelley Salt Ayre Landfill Site, Lancaster Bankfield Quarry, near Clitheroe Bellman Quarry, near Clitheroe Henthorne, near Clitheroe Leeming Quarry, Stoneyhurst Waddington Fell Quarry, Waddington Fletcher Bank Quarry, Rossendale Hutch Bank Quarry, Haslingden Jamestone Quarry, near Haslingden Middle Hill Quarries, Shawforth, Rossendale Scout Moor Quarry, Rossendale Tong Farm, Bacup Whitworth Quarry Complex, Rossendale Lydiate Lane, Cuerden, Bamber Bridge Dalton Quarry, Dalton, Skelmersdale
extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction + landfill landfill landfill extraction extraction extraction + landfill extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction landfill extraction extraction landfill extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction extraction
Nipe Lane Peat Working, Skelmersdale Ravenhead Quarry and Brickworks, Upholland Simonswood Moss Peat Workings, Kirkby West Quarry, Appley Bridge Jameson Road Landfill Site, Fleetwood
extraction extraction extraction extraction landfill
Greenclough Colliery, Cliviger Hill Top Colliery, near Bacup Twist Hill and Delf Hill Quarry, Briercliffe Brinscall Quarry, near Chorley Clayton Hall Quarry, Euxton Withnell Landfill, near Abbey Village Clifton Marsh Landfill Site, Freckleton St Annes Foreshore, Lytham St Annes Mitchell’s House Quarry, Accrington Whinney Hill, Accrington
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4. HAZARDOUS SITES From Lancashire County Council Emergency Planning Service
4.1 COMAH Sites (see http://www.hse.gov.uk/chemicals/index.htm for further information)
There are 8 Top Tier COMAH (Control of Major Hazard Regulations 1999) sites in Lancashire designated by the Competent Authority (Health and Safety Executive / Environment Agency).
4.2 NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS There are 2 nuclear power generating sites, Heysham 1 and 2 (Morecambe) covered by the Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001 (REPPIR). Each of these has two reactors, making Heysham the largest nuclear generating site in the country. Springfield Fuels Ltd., Salwick, Preston is a fuel reprocessing plant, also covered by COMAH (see 4.1). For further information: http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/reppir.htm
4.3 PIPELINES The types and lengths of major accident hazard pipelines in Lancashire are: Ethylene (Sabic UK Petrochemicals) Ethylene (Shell) Natural Gas (National Grid Gas) Natural Gas (S.P. Generation) Natural Gas (NPower Cogen)
101.3 88.4 563.1 2.9 1.6
They are maintained under the Pipeline Safety Regulations 1996.
4.4 HM PRISONS There are 6 in Lancashire: Garth, Leyland Kirkham Lancaster Castle Lancaster Farms Preston Wymott, Leyland
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Cat. B & C Cat D Cat C Ages 17-21 (with juvenile wing 14-17) Cat B & C Cat C
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kilometres kilometres kilometres kilometres kilometres
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5. REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 2001 – 2008 During the period 2001 to date, the organisations that comprise the Lancashire Resilience Forum have had to deal with the following significant incidents and consequences and the learning and experience of those events has been incorporated into their planning for future incidents and the compilation of the register. Foot and Mouth Disease Fuel Dispute and Shortages Public Disorder, East Lancashire Upper Rivington Reservoir leakage HM The Queen – Jubilee Visit Commonwealth Games Cycling Events Blackpool Political Conferences Fire Service Industrial Action Morecambe Bay Cockling Tragedy Fatal helicopter crash into Irish Sea Rail crash, Grayrigg, Cumbria Major fires, Fleetwood & Red Scar Industrial Estate Gas leak, Preston Water shortages in Blackpool, Wyre & Lancaster County wide flooding Maritime Rescue of personnel from Riverdance ferry, Irish Sea Beaching of Riverdance ferry at Blackpool and subsequent disposal
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2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007 2002/2003 2004 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007/2008 2008 2008 2008
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