02 His To Pathological Diagnosis

Histopathological diagnosis • Definition – repreyents the diagnosis settled by microscopic examination • For diagnosis we use specimens collected by:  Biopsy  Surgical excision  Tissues collected from autopsy

Biopsy Could be of different types : • Microbiopsy  Needle biopsy  Curettage  Endobiopsies • Surgical biopsies

Microbiopsy  Needle biopsy – it use needles of different types – investigation of liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes  Curretagge – it is used for investigation of the uterine cavity  Endobiopsies – collect bioptic specimens during an endoscopy of a cavitary organ (bronchi, stomach, bladder)

Surgical biopsies • We can obtain tissue samples by a surgical procedure. • It could be obtained  by incision – only a part of the lesion  by excision – all the lesion is removed together with healthy tissue • Extemporaneous biopsy – is a particular form of biopsy which is performed during the operation – it is applied, especially in breast pathology

Surgical excision • The pieses are obtained after a surgical resection • After the surgery all the extracted organs are examined macroscopically and all the pathological lesion are noted

Autopsy • The pieses are obtained during the autopsy

Histological sections • Fixation – the fragments are fixed in one of the following fixative solutions : formaline, Carnoy’s fluid, Bouin’s fluid