Zolai Grammar - Punctuation - Space

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation:

Mun-awng (Space) By Taang Zomi Khialhna (Error) Khialhna (Error) pen, hih ka laigelh tawh kisai-in, nam nih-in khen pak ni: (1) Khialh khaak pakna (Accidental Error; Careless Error; Inadvertent Error; Unintentional Error) I theih hi napi, i khial kha pahpah hi. Pasian in mihingte hong it hi. Pasian in a Tapa khat neihsun hong piak zah dongin mihingte hong it hi. Mi hingte in ahih leh Paisan a it kik khol kei uh hi. Pasian’ hong itna i theih ding kisam hi. Hih mun-ah, sentence thumna-a “Paisan” pen, a kikhial kha pak ahi hi. “Pasian” ding, ahi hi. (2) Theih loh man-a khialhna (Error through Ignorance; Error through Being Uninformed) Pa sian in mi hing te hong it hi. Pa sian in a Ta pa khat neih sun hong piak zah dong in mi hing te hong it hi. Mi hing te in a hih leh Pa sian a it kik khol kei uh hi. Pa sian hong it na i theih ding ki sam hi. Hih mun-ah, laigelhpa in grammar, malgawm zia (orthography), punctuation, cihte tel lo a hihna kithei hi. “Pa sian” cih ding hi lo-in, “Pasian” cih ding, ahi hi. “Mi hing” hi lo-in “mihing” hi ding hi. “Ta pa” zong “Tapa” cih ding hi. A tam lahna-a a kizang kammal ahi “te” pen, a vei lam-a om kammal tawh i kimatsak ding, ahi hi: mihing + te = mihingte. Neihsa lahna-in apostrophe zat ding ahi hi. Noun pian’sakna-a a kizangh “na” pen a vei lam-a kammal tawh kimat ding hi. “Ki” pen a taklam-a kammal tawh kimat ding hi.

Thursday, March 15, 2007

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Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Hih bang hi leh, maan zawdiak ding hi: Pasian in mihingte hong it hi. Pasian in a Tapa khat neihsun hong piak zah dongin mihingte hong it hi. Mi hingte in ahih leh Pasian a it kik khol kei uh hi. Pasian’ hong itna i theih ding kisam hi.

Computer leh Word Processing Program zangh-a lai gelhna Tu laitak-in word processing program a thupi thum (3) kinei hi: Corel WordPerfect, Microsoft Word leh OpenOffice.org Writer. I laigelh a maan leh a khial, computer screen tung-ah, i muh pak theih nadingin, word processor program-ah non-printing character a kimu thei dingin bawl in. A bawl zia na theih kei leh menu bar-a om Help menu sung-ah kimu thei ding hi. Gentehna-in, tu laitak-a ka zat OpenOffice.org Writer 2.1 sung-ah, ka screen tung-ah non-printing character-te a suak ding ka deih ciangin, (1) View menu-ah pai-in, Nonprinting Characters ka meek hi; or (2) Ctrl + F10 [Ctrl key leh function key ahi F10 meek khat-in] ka meek hi; or (3) Tool bar tung-a om Nonprinting Character sign ahi ¶ ka meek hi. Non-printing character i cih pen, screen tung bek-a a kimu, i print ciang-a hong suakkhia lo character peen hi. Gentehna-in space a om lam i theih nadingin center dot ahih kei leh middle dot ahih kei leh interpunct [·] pen kammal khat leh kammal khat kikaal-ah [kammal·khat·leh·kammal·khat·kikaal-ah] om hi. Tua pen na printer tawh print khia lecin, hong dawkkhia lo ding hi. Nonprinting character-te leh computer keyboard tung-a a kilangh-a a kikoih lo character-te, na screen tung-ah hi taleh, na print khiatna-ah hi taleh, na suahsak nop leh, keyboard shortcut pawlkhat kizangh thei hi. [·] = Middle dot or center dot or interpunct. Alt + 0183 (Main keyboard tung-a om Alt key meek inla, khahkhia nailo-in, keypad tung-a om 0, 1, 8, 3-te meek in. Tua khit ciangin a vek-in khahkhia lecin, na screen tung-ah, middle dot hong om ding hi. Keypad pen, na keyboard a tak lam-ah om hi. [¶] = Paragraph sign. Alt + 0182 [–] = en-dash. Alt + 0150 [—] = em-dash. Alt + 0151 Hyphen [-] bel, keyboard tung-ah om hi. Thursday, March 15, 2007

Page 2 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

En-dash pen hyphen zah nih bang, em-dash pen en-dash zah nih (2) bang leh hyphen zah li (4) bang sau hi. - = hyphen – = en-dash — = em-dash Hih ka lai gelhna-ah, a khialte font a san (red) tawh lak-in, a maante pen vanmeel (blue) tawh ka lak hi.

Punctuation Mark-te Punctuation mark-te hih a nuai-a-te hi-a a dangdang zong om lai hi. Sentence tawpsakna-a a kizangh punctuation mark-te (end punctuation marks): period [x.] question mark [x?] exclamation point [x!] Khawlna-a a kizangh punctuation mark-te (pause punctuation marks): comma [x,] semicolon [x;] colon [x:] A kop-a akizangh punctuation mark-te (puntuation marks used in pairs): open quotation mark leh closed quotation mark [“x”] open bracket leh closed bracket [(x)] em-dash [—x—] (a kuulna mun-ah) open quotation mark na zat leh closed quotation mark zangh hamtang ding. open bracket na zat leh closed bracket zangh hamtang ding. em-dash na zat leh a kuulna mun-ah a koppih em-dash zangh ding. A dangdangte: apostrophe [x’] ellipsis points [x . . .] hyphen [x-y] en-dash [x–y] ampersand [x & y] slash [x/y]

Thursday, March 15, 2007

Page 3 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

A kisaipih a dangdangte: Hihte pen punctuation a kicih lian loh hangin, punctuation tawh a kisaipihte ahi hi: capitalization [capital letter zatna] abbreviation [tomlaakna] space [mun-awng]

Mun Awng (Space) koih zia Typewriter keyboard or computer keyboard-ah, space bar om hi. Laimal (letter) ahi zongin, kammal (word) ahi zongin, simmal (numeral) ahi zongin, punctuation mark ahi zongin, i kihalsak nop ciangin, tua space bar i zangh hi. Hih spacing thu pen, English grammar bu a tam peen-ah kigelh kha lo hi. Zolai grammar bu nih, bu thum sung-ah, kigelh kha vet lo hi. Ei Zomite’ laigelhna-ah i khialhna tuamtuamte lak-ah hih spacing pen a kitam khialh peen khat ahi hi. Laibu, labu a kibawl tuamtuamte en kik leeng, hih thu (i khialh mahmah thu) kimu thei hi. Tu mahmah-in zong, ZoNet sung-a lai kigelhte en lehang, kimu thei hi. 1. Kammal (word) khat leh a dang kammal khat kikaal-ah space KHAT om ding hi. Pasian in kei hong it hi.

Pasian·in·kei·hong·it·hi. Hih kamvui (sentence) sung-ah kammal 6 om hi. “Pasian” leh “in” kikaal-ah space khat om hi. Tua mah bangin, “in leh “kei” kikaal, “kei” leh “hong” kikaal, “hong leh “it” kikaal, leh “it” leh “hi” kikaal-ah space khat ta om hi. Pasian in kei hong it hi.

[Maan]

Pasian·in·kei·hong·it·hi.

[Maan]

Pasianinkeihongithi.

[Khial]

Pasianinkeihongithi.

[Khial]

Pasianinkei hongithi.

[Khial]

Pasianinkei·hongithi.

[Khial]

Pasianin keihong ithi.

[Khial]

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Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Pasianin·keihong·ithi.

[Khial]

Pasian inkei hongithi.

[Khial]

Pasian·inkei·hongithi.

[Khial]

2. Period (=full stop) [.], comma [,], colon [:], semi-colon [;], closed quotation mark [”], closed bracket [)], question mark [?], exclamation point [!] cihte leh a nung-a om laimal/kammal-te kikaal-ah space KHAT om ding hi. (Space bar khat vei kheen suk in.) Period: Pasian in thupha hong pia hen.Na hawhna na ciahna-ah daupai in.

.Na·hawhna·na·ciahna-ah·daupai·in.

[Khial]

Pasian·in·thupha·hong·pia·hen

[Khial]

Pasian in thupha hong pia hen. Na hawhna na ciahna-ah daupai in.

[Maan]

.·Na·hawhna·na·ciahna-ah·daupai·in.

Pasian·in·thupha·hong·pia·hen

[Maan]

Comma: Vantung-a om kote’ Pa aw,na min siangtho hong kiphat ta hen.

,na·min·siangtho·hong·kiphat·ta·hen.

Vantung-a·om·kote'·Pa·aw

Vantung-a om kote’ Pa aw, na min siangtho hong kiphat ta hen.

,·na·min·siangtho·hong·kiphat·ta·hen.

Vantung-a·om·kote'·Pa·aw

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

[Maan]

Colon: A thupi peen thu thum:upna, lametna leh itna

:upna,·lametna·leh·itna

[Khial]

A·thupi·peen·thu·thum

[Khial]

A thupi peen thu thum: upna, lametna leh itna

[Maan]

A thupi·peen·thu·thum

:·upna,·lametna·leh·itna

Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Maan] Page 5 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Semi-Colon: Pasian in mite it hi;mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi.

Pasian·in·mite·it·hi

;mite·in·bel·Pasian·it·kik·khol·lo·uh·hi.

Pasian in mite it hi; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi.

Pasian·in·mite·it·hi

;·mite·in·bel·Pasian·it·kik·khol·lo·uh·hi.

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

[Maan]

Closed Quotation Mark: “Itna”i cih bang hiam?

[Khial]

”i·cih·bang·hiam?

[Khial]

“Itna” i cih bang hiam?

[Maan]

“Itna

“Itna

”·i·cih·bang·hiam?

[Maan]

Closed Bracket: Pilna (wisdom)pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi.

Pilna·(

wisdom)pen·hauhna·(wealth)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi. [Khial]

Pilna (wisdom)·pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi.

Pilna·(

[Khial]

[Maan]

wisdom)·pen·hauhna·(wealth)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi. [Maan]

Question Mark: Bang deih na hi hiam?Hong gen in.

Bang·deih·na·hi·hiam

?Hong·gen·in.

Bang deih na hi hiam? Hong gen in.

Bang·deih·na·hi·hiam

?·Hong·gen·in.

Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

[Maan] Page 6 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Exclamation Point: Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai!Thukham i kipsak hi.

[Khial]

Tua·ahih·leh·hehpihna·hangin·thukham·a·kipaaikhia·hiam?· Deksuai

!Thukham·i·kipsak·hi.

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai! Thukham i kipsak hi.

[Khial] [Maan]

Tua·ahih·leh·hehpihna·hangin·thukham·a·kipaaikhia·hiam?· Deksuai

!·Thukham·i·kipsak·hi.

[Maan]

Double quotation marks [“ ”] leh single quoatation marks [‘ ’] pen space tawh kisai-ah a zat dan kibang hi. Curved Brackets [( )], Braces or Squiggly Brackets [{ }] leh Square Brackets [[ ]] pen, space tawh kisai-ah a zat dan kibang hi. 3. Period (full stop) [.], comma [,], colon [:], semi-colon [;], closed quotation mark [”], closed bracket [)], question mark [?], exclamation point [!] cihte leh a mai-a om laimal/kammal-te kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. Period: Pasian in eite hong it hi .

[Khial]

hi·.

Pasian·in·eite·hong·it·

[Khial]

Pasian in eite hong it hi.

[Maan]

hi.

Pasian·in·eite·hong·it·

[Maan]

Comma:

Thursday, March 15, 2007

Page 7 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Vantung-a om kote’ Pa aw ,

aw·,

[Khial]

Vantung-a·om·kote’·Pa·

[Khial]

Vantung-a om kote’ Pa aw,

[Maan]

aw,

Vantung-a·om·kote’·Pa·

[Maan]

Colon: A thupi peen thu thum : upna, lametna leh itna

thum·:·upna,·lametna·leh·itna

[Khial]

A·thupi·peen·thu·

[Khial]

A thupi peen thu thum: upna, lametna leh itna

[Maan]

thum:·upna,·lametna·leh·itna

A thupi·peen·thu·

[Maan]

Semi-Colon: Pasian in mite it hi ; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi.

hi·;·mite·in·bel·Pasian·it·kik·khol·lo·uh·hi.

[Khial]

Pasian·in·mite·it·

[Khial]

Pasian in mite it hi; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi.

[Maan]

hi;·mite·in·bel·Pasian·it·kik·khol·lo·uh·hi.

Pasian·in·mite·it·

[Maan]

Closed Quotation Mark: “Itna ” i cih bang hiam?

Itna·”·i·cih·bang·hiam?

“

“Itna” i cih bang hiam?

Itna”·i·cih·bang·hiam?

“

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

[Maan]

Closed Bracket: Pilna (wisdom ) pen hauhna (wealth ) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Khial] Page 8 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

Pilna·(

by Taang Zomi

wisdom·)·pen·hauhna·(wealth·)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi. [Khial]

Pilna (wisdom) pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi.

Pilna·(

[Maan]

wisdom)·pen·hauhna·(wealth)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi. [Maan]

Question Mark: Bang deih na hi hiam ?

hiam·?

Bang·deih·na·hi·

Bang deih na hi hiam?

hiam?

Bang·deih·na·hi·

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

[Maan]

Exclamation Point: Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai ! Thukham i kipsak hi. [Khial]

Tua·ahih·leh·hehpihna·hangin·thukham·a·kipaaikhia·hiam?·

Deksuai·!·Thukham·i· kipsak·hi.

[Khial]

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai! Thukham i kipsak hi.

[Maan]

Tua·ahih·leh·hehpihna·hangin·thukham·a·kipaaikhia·hiam?·

Deksuai!· Thukham·i·kipsak·hi.

[Maan]

4. Open quotation mark [“], open bracket [(] leh a nung-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. Open Quotation Mark: “ Itna” i cih bang hiam? Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Khial] Page 9 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

“·Itna”·i·cih·bang·hiam?

[Khial]

“Itna” i cih bang hiam?

[Maan]

“Itna”·i·cih·bang·hiam?

[Maan]

Open Bracket: Pilna ( wisdom) pen hauhna ( wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi.

[Khial]

(·wisdom)·pen·hauhna·(·wealth)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi.

Pilna·

[Khial] Pilna (wisdom) pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi.

[Maan]

(wisdom)·pen·hauhna·(wealth)·sangin·thupi·zaw·hi,·kici·hi.

Pilna·

[Maan] 5. Open quotation mark [“], open bracket [(] leh a nung-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. (A tung-a #4 en in.) Closed quotation mark [”], closed bracket [)] leh a mai-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. (A tung-a #3 en in.) Open Quotation mark leh Closed Quotation Mark: “ Zeisu in Topa hi ” na ci hiam?

[Khial]

“·Zeisu·in·Topa·hi·”·na·ci·hiam?

[Khial]

“Zeisu in Topa hi” na ci hiam?

[Maan]

“Zeisu·in·Topa·hi”·na·ci·hiam?

[Maan]

Open Bracket leh Closed Bracket: Mangmatna ( dream ), mangmuhna ( vision ) cihte na nei hia?

[Khial]

(·dream·),·mangmuhna·(·vision·)·cihte·na·nei·hia?

Mangmatna·

[Khial] Thursday, March 15, 2007

Page 10 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

by Taang Zomi

Mangmatna (dream), mangmuhna (vision) cihte na nei hia?

[Maan]

(dream),·mangmuhna·(vision)·cihte·na·nei·hia? [Maan]

Mangmatna·

6. Hyphen [-] leh a mai-a om kammmal, kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. Hyphen leh a nung-a om kammal kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. November- January sung, vot mahmah hi.

[Khial]

November-·January·sung,·vot·mahmah·hi.

[Khial]

November -January sung, vot mahmah hi.

[Khial]

November·-January·sung,·vot·mahmah·hi.

[Khial]

November - January sung, vot mahmah hi.

[Khial]

November·-·January·sung,·vot·mahmah·hi.

[Khial]

November-January sung, vot mahmah hi.

November-January·sung,·vot·mahmah·hi.

[Maan]

[Maan]

7. Em-Dash leh a nung-a om kammal kikaal-ah space a om KEI leh, a koppih em-dash leh a nung-a om kammal kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. Em-Dash leh a nung-a om kammal kikaal-ah space a om leh, a koppih em-dash leh a nung-a om kammal kikaal-ah space om ding hi. Space Om LO: Ka lawmte nih—Thang Ho leh Lian Do —hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih—Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

Do·—hong·hawh·uh·hi.

Ka lawmte nih—Thang Ho leh Lian Do— hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih—Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

Do—·hong·hawh·uh·hi.

Ka lawmte nih—Thang Ho leh Lian Do — hong hawh uh hi.

Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Khial]

[Khial] [Khial]

[Khial] [Khial]

Page 11 of 12

Zolai Grammar: Punctuation: Space

Ka·lawmte·nih—Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

by Taang Zomi

Do·—·hong·hawh·uh·hi.

Ka lawmte nih—Thang Ho leh Lian Do—hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih—Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

[Khial] [Maan]

Do—hong·hawh·uh·hi.

[Maan]

Space Om: Ka lawmte nih — Thang Ho leh Lian Do—hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih·—·Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

[Khial]

Do—hong·hawh·uh·hi.

[Khial]

Ka lawmte nih — Thang Ho leh Lian Do —hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih·—·Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

[Khial]

Do·—hong·hawh·uh·hi.

Ka lawmte nih — Thang Ho leh Lian Do— hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih·—·Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

[Khial]

Do—·hong·hawh·uh·hi.

Ka lawmte nih — Thang Ho leh Lian Do — hong hawh uh hi.

Ka·lawmte·nih·—·Thang·Ho·leh·Lian·

Thursday, March 15, 2007

[Khial]

[Khial] [Maan]

Do·—·hong·hawh·uh·hi.

[Maan]

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