Zinc - Seminar

The micronutrient - ZINC

By Anand.D

This is how zinc looks!

 It

is a transition metal  Bluish pale grey in color

SOURCES Food Oysters

Zinc (mg) 76.3

Crab, Dungeness

4.7

Beef

6.0

Pork

2.2

Chicken (dark meat)

1.8

Turkey (dark meat)

3.8

Yogurt, fruit

1.8

Cheese, cheddar

0.9

Milk

1.8

Cashews

1.6

Almonds

1.0

Peanuts

0.9

Beans, baked

1.8

Chickpeas (garbanzo beans)

1.3

Biological role – Zinc Intake  Catalytic

Role: 100 types of enzymes in our body depends on zinc to catalyze vital chemical reactions Examples: peptidases, carbonic anhydrases, alcohol dehydrogenases, lactate dehydrogenase.,

Biological role – Zinc Intake  Structural

Role: Stabilizes the structure of proteins and cell membranes Ex: Zinc finger motif  Fetal growth

Biological role – Zinc Intake  Regulatory

Role: Regulates gene expression Immune system Nerve transmission Component of Retinol binding protein  Age related macular regeneration

Zinc secreting cells in our body  2. 3. 4. 5.

IN THE BRAIN Glutamate secreting neurons Glycine secreting neurons in the spinal cord Retinol photoreceptors Activated Microglia

10.

IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM All the granulocytes Mast cells Paneth cells



PROSTATE EPITHELIAL SECRETORY CELLS



SUB MANDIBULAR SALIVARY CELLS



PANCREAS BETA CELLS

 8. 9.

Some of the cells having Zinc receptors  Neurons  Glial

cells  Epithelial cells

Recommended Dietary Allowances of Zinc for Infants over 7 months, Children, and Adults

Age

Infants and Children

Males

Females

Pregnancy

Lactation

7 months to 3 years

3 mg

-

-

-

-

4 to 8 years

5 mg

-

-

-

-

9 to 13 years

8 mg

-

-

-

-

14 to 18 years

-

11 mg

9 mg

13 mg

14 mg

19+

-

11 mg

8 mg

11 mg

12 mg

Signs of Zinc Deficiency     

Growth retardation, Hair loss, Diarrhea. Delayed Sexual maturation. Eye and skin lesions, Loss of appetite. Weight loss, Delayed healing of wounds. Taste abnormalities and lethargy.

These symptoms are associated with other medical conditions also, hence forth consult a doctor for appropriate care.

Factors leading to Zinc deficiency  Individuals

who have had gastrointestinal surgery or who have digestive disorders results in malabsorption.  Low zinc status has been observed in 30% to 50% of alcoholics.  Drugs like penicillamine, diethylenetetra amine pentaacetate,sodium valproate.

Deficiency Leads to…  Maternal

zinc deficiency can slow fetal

growth.  Includes Sprue.  Crohn’s disease.  Short bowel syndrome.

Zinc Toxicity

Zinc Toxicity 

Induces METALLOTHIONEIN



Intakes of 150 to 450 mg of zinc per day have been associated with low copper status, altered iron function, reduced immune function, and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins



Zinc shakes or Zinc Chills can be induced by inhalation of freely formed Zinc oxide evolved during welding of galvanized materials.



Stomach acid contains hydrochloric acid, in which metallic zinc dissolves readily to give corrosive zinc chloride.

Zinc Toxicity Cases 

One case report cited severe nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes after the person ingested four grams of zinc gluconate (570 mg elemental zinc).



In 2001 the National Academy of Sciences gave the tolerable levels of zinc intake (highest intake) associated with no adverse health effects, for zinc for infants, children, and adults.

The Levels for infants, children and adults are: Age

Infants and Children

Males and Females

Pregnancy and Lactation

0 to 6 months

4 mg

-

-

7 to 12 months

5 mg

-

-

1 to 3 years

7 mg

-

-

4 to 8 years

12 mg

-

-

9 to 13 years

23 mg

-

-

14 to 18 years

34 mg

-

34 mg

Ages 19+

-

40 mg

40 mg

Industrial Uses of Zinc •

Lotions made of calamine, a mix of Zn (hydroxy) carbonates and silicates, are used to treat skin rash.

•

Zinc lactate is used in toothpaste to prevent malodour.

•

Zinc pyrithione is widely applied in shampoos because of its anti-dandruff function.

Clinical trials 

COMMON COLD: Zinc gluconate and Zinc gluconate glycine.



GASTEROENTIRITIS: Strong action against pathogens.

Additional Info’s 

Calcium with Phytic acid



Zinc Proteinate – animal protein. Substitute for zinc methionate



Used for the treatment of Anorexia



Used as anti – inflammatory agent