Zep

Zm. g§. BZm_Xma

Pon

BZm_Xmam§À`m BVa H$mX§~è`m Pw§O, _§ÌmdoJim, amD$, ehoZehm, {eH$ñV, amOolr

H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>c àH$meZ {dO`mZJa, nwUo 411 030

àH$meH$ F$VwnU© A{ZéÕ Hw$cH$Uu H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>c àH$meZ {dO`mZJa, nwUo 411 030.

_w Ð H$ lrH$m§V _wÐUmc` 690 gXm{ed noR>, Hw§$Q>o Mm¡H$, nwUo 411 030.

AjaOwiUr gm¡. _mo{hZr Hw$cH$Uu 997/10 Zdr noR>, nwUo 411 030. _w I n¥ ð > H¡$. X. J. JmoS>go àH$meZ H«$_m§H$ : 440 © gd© hŠH$ gwa{jV àW_md¥Îmr : 1963 nwZ_w©ÐUo : 1965, 1967, 1975, 1979 1983, 1989, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2005

qH$_V : 150 én`o

Ñ{ï>H$moU J

hr _mPr n{hcr H$mX§~ar. Vr dmMH$m§À`m hmVm§V XoVmZm _mÂ`m ^mdZm g§{_l AmhoV. Amncr n«W_ H$cmH¥$Vr a{gH$m§Zm gmXa H$aVmZm H$cmd§Vmcm Oo g_mYmZ dmQ>V§ Ë`mMm Va _r AZw^d KoVmo AmhoM. nU `m g_mYmZmÀ`m _mJo EH$ àH$maMr CËgwH$Vmhr XS>cocr Amho. qÌ~H$Or S>|Jù`mM§ OrdZ Á`m VèhoZ§ _r `m H$mX§~arV a§Jdc§ Amho Vo _amR>r dmMH$m§À`m {H$Ë`oH$ nyd©J«hm§Zm Y¸$m XoUma§ Amho. Eo{Vhm{gH$ ì`º$sM§ Amnë`mcm An[a{MV Ag§ na§Vw B{Vhmgmer B_mZ amIyZ Ho$coc§ aoImQ>Z dmMH$m§Zm {H$VnV éMoc `m~Ôc _cm CËH§$R>m Amho. AmOÀ`m gd©gm_mÝ` _amR>r dmMH$mcm qÌ~H$Or S>J| io hm Xwï> àd¥ÎmrMm Am{U Ý`m`mÝ`m` Z nmhVm Xwgè`m ~mOramd noeì`m§Mo ~aodmB©Q> hwHy$_ A_cmV AmUUmam EH$ hñVH$ EdT>§M _mhrV Amho. hm dmMH$m§Mm Xmof Zmhr. _amR>çm§nmgyZ amÁ` {hgH$mdyZ KoVmZm Am_Mo amÁ`H$V}, Ë`m§Mo gmhm`H$ ho gd© AË`§V Zmcm`H$ hmoVo Ag§ a§JdU§ OoË`m§Zm H«$_àmáM hmoV§. Vo Ë`m§Zr AJXr _ZmnmgyZ Ho$c§. Xwgè`m ~mOramd noeì`m§À`m H$maH$sXu~Ôc B§J«O coIH$m§Zr {chÿZ R>odcocr gmYZ§ A_`m©X AmhoV. BVH§$M Zìho Va noedmB© Zï> Pmë`mda noeì`m§Mm àM§S> XâVaImZm Am{U {Za{Zamù`m gaXmam§Mr Am{U Ohm{JaXmam§Mr XâVa§ Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z Am{U

4 : Pon

J°«§Q> `m OmoS>JmoirÀ`m hmVm§V AZm`mgoM nS>cr. Ë`m§Zr Vr {H$Vr gm\$gy\$ H$ê$Z R>odcr AgVrc ho AmVm H$ënZodaM gmondc§ nm{hOo. `mcm AmUIr EH$ H$maU Amho. nadmnadmn`ªV _moR>çm {X_mImZ§ C^§ Agcoc§ _amR>r amÁ` AH$ñ_mV c`mcm Joë`m_wi§ _amR>r _ZmV {dñ_``wº$ g§Vmn XmQ>cm hmoVm. CKS>nUo Ë`mM§ Imna B§J«Om§À`m S>moŠ`mda \$moS>Vm `oV ZìhV§. Ë`m_wi§ Z H$iV Amåhr Am_À`mM cmoH$m§Zm Xmofr Yê$Z Ë`m§À`m~Ôc Am_Mm g§Vmn ì`º$ H$ê cmJcmo. Aem g§VmnmMm gdmªV _moR>m ~ir Xwgao ~mOramd noedo. amÁ`H$Ë`m©À`m {R>H$mUr ZgmdoV Ago AZoH$ XwJw©U ~mOramd~mho~m§À`m A§Jr hmoVo ho Ia§. na§Vw OJmÀ`m B{VhmgmV `m{hnojm A{YH$ XwJU ©w r nwéfm§Mr amÁ`§ ì`dpñWV Mmcë`mMr CXmhaU§ AmhoV. nU `m noeì`m§À`m hmVyZ amÁ` Joë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m ì`{º$_ÎdmÀ`m Mm§Jë`m ~mOyH$S>ohr Xwc©j Pmc§. {µÌ§~H$OrZ§ `m noeì`m§Mr godm Odi Odi AR>am df© Ho$cr. `m H$mcmdYrV Ë`mZ§ AZoH$ CÚmoJ _moR>çm C^marZ§ Ho$co. `m àË`oH$mV Ë`mcm WmoS>m doi `ehr `oV Joc§. nU àË`oH$ ~m~VrV Vmo AIoarg Anoer R>acm. Ë`m_wi§ ~mOramd noeì`m§~Ôc g§Vmn ì`º$ H$aVmZm Ë`mMm \$ma _moR>m dmQ>m gmh{OH$M qÌ~H$OrH$S>ohr `oD$ cmJcm. B{VhmgmV qÌ~H$OrM§ Oo {MÌ h„r a§J{dcoc§ {XgV§ Vo `m_wioM. qÌ~H$Or~Ôc _mPrhr YmaUm àW_ AerM hmoVr. J§JmYaemñÍ`m§À`m IwZm~Ôc Eo{Vhm{gH$ _m{hVrMm emoY KoVmZm àW_ hr ì`{º$aoIm _mÂ`m _ZmV ^acr. IwZmMo H$mhr Vnerc Jmoim H$arV AgVmZm _cm qÌ~H$OrÀ`m ì`{º$_Îdm~Ôc Hw$Vyhc CËnÞ Pmc§, _r A{YH$ ImocmV {eacmo Vg§ _mP§ Hw$Vyhc dmT>V Joc§. AZoH$ B§J«Or Am{U _amR>r Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZm§Mm ~maH$mB©Z§ Aä`mg Ho$ë`mda _r M{H$V Pmcmo. EH$ Xwï> nwéf hr qÌ~H$Or~Ôc _mÂ`m _ZmV R>mU _m§Sy>Z ~gcocr à{V_m Añnï> Pmcr. Am{U Jocr nmM ghm df© _r Ooìhm 1814 d 1815 `m XmoZM dfmªVë`m ~mOramd noeì`m§À`m H$maH$sXuVcr ~hþVoH$ gd© Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmYZ§

Ñ{ï>H$moU : 5

S>moù`m§ImcyZ KmVcr, qhSy>Z H$mhr _m{hVr Jmoim Ho$cr, Voìhm _mÂ`m ZOaog_moa EH$ doJi§M ì`{º$_Îd gmH$ma hmoD$ cmJc§. Vo Xwï>~wÕr Am{U ZrM Aem gmWrXmamM§ ZgyZ B§J«Om§~Ôc Á`mÀ`m amo_amo_m§V Ûof ^acocm Amho Am{U Amnë`m YÝ`m~Ôc Á`mMr ñdm{_{Zð>m AVwcZr` Amho Aem EH$m gƒm _amR>r _mUgmM§ hmoV§. hr ZdrZ à{V_m _mP§ _Z cdH$a ñdrH$marZm. Ë`mgmR>r eodQ>À`m ~mOramdmMr H$maH$sX© _cm AWnmgyZ B{Vn`ªV {M{H$ËgoZ§ Aä`mgmdr cmJcr. _J {H$Ë`oH$ VwQ>coco Xwdo {_imco. {dg§JV dmQ>Umè`m KQ>Zm§V _moR>r g§JVr {Xgy cmJcr. An`emZ§ gX²JwUm§Mrhr H$er _mVr Pmcr Vo àH$fm©Z§ _mÂ`m cjmV Amc§ Am{U Ë`m~amo~a hohr cjmV Amc§ H$s `m AIoaÀ`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ ^mJmV Hw$UrVar ~w{Õnwañga T>dimT>di Ho$cocr Amho. _J _mÂ`m _ZmZ§ qÌ~H$OrMr hr ZdrZ à{V_m ñdrH$macr. AJXr KmgyZ nwgyZ Ë`mZ§ qÌ~H$OrÀ`m A§Va§JmV S>moH$mdyZ nmhÿZ ImÌr H$ê$Z KoVcr. qÌ~H$OrMr hr Zì`m ñdê$nmVcr _cm AmH$icocr à{V_m `m H$mX§~arV a{gH$m§À`m g_moa _r _m§S>cocr Amho. qÌ~H$Or hm gm_mÝ` KamÊ`mVcm _mUyg. _amR>r amÁ`mgmR>r Ë`mZ§ H$mhrhr Ho$c§ ZgV§ Var B{VhmgH$mam§Zm Ë`mcm Xmof XoVm Amcm ZgVm. nU ~mOramdgmho~m§À`m Z{e~mer `mZ§ Amnë`m Z{e~mMr JmR> _macr. Ë`m H$mir Xw_ui Agcoë`m ñdm{_{Zð>oZ§ Vmo àW_ ~mOramd noeì`m§À`m cjmV ^acm. ~mOramd noedo nwU§ gmoSy>Z _hmS>cm Joco Voìhm qÌ~H$Or Ë`m§À`m~amo~a hmoVm. {VWyZ Ë`mZ§ ~mOramdgmho~m§M§ Jwá nÌ _moR>çm {hH$_VrZ§ nwÊ`mV nmohmoM{dc§ åhUyZ Vmo àW_ noeì`m§À`m cjmV Amcm Ag§ [a`mgVH$ma åhUVmV. Iw Ô qÌ~H$OrÀ`m Jmdr `m~Ôc do J irM Am»`m{`H$m àM{cV Amho. H$mX§~arV {VMm C„oI Amho. Vo H$g§hr Agc§ Var qÌ~H$OrZ§ noeì`m§À`m nS>Ë`m H$mimV Ë`m§Mr AZoH$ H$m_§ _moR>çm H$m¡eë`mZ§ nma nmSy>Z Ë`m§Mr _Ou g§nmXZ Ho$cr `mV e§H$m Zmhr. gmVmaÀ`m N>ÌnVtda XoIaoI H$aÊ`mM§ H$m_ ho qÌ~H$Orda gmon{dcoc§ n{hc§ _moR>§

6 : Pon

amOH$s` H$m_. Vo Ë`mZ§ MmoI nma nmS>c§. hr VmaodaMr H$gaV H$arV AgVmZmM Ë`mMm YmoaUrnUm noeì`m§À`m cjmV Amcm. nwÊ`mV noeì`m§Mm Vmo\$ImZm gaXma nmZem§H$S>o hmoVm. Ë`mMr ì`dñWm ZrQ> hmoV Zmhr, Ag§ nmhVmM noeì`m§Zr Vmo nmZem§H$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z qÌ~H$OrH$S>o gmon{dcm. B§J«Om§M§ gm_Ï`© Ë`m§À`m Vmo\$ImÝ`mV Amho ho AmoiIyZ qÌ~H$OrZ§ _moR>çm {h[aarZ§ ^m§~wS>çm©cm Vmo\$m§Mm H$maImZm gwê$ Ho$cm. Ë`mZ§Va emñÍ`m§M§ àH$aU CX²^dc§. Jm`H$dmS> Xa~mamV\}$ ~mocUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§JmYaemñÌr nQ>dY©Z ho 1814 À`m \o$~«dw mar_Ü`o nwÊ`mcm Amco. noeì`m§V\}$ Jm`H$dmS> Ah_Xm~mX gwä`mMr d{hdmQ> nmhV hmoVo. Vr _wXV g§nV hmoVr. Vr dmT>dyZ ¿`mdr Am{U BVa XoUrKoUr {_Q>dyZ Q>mH$mdr hm emñÍ`m§À`m AmJ_ZmMm hoVy hmoVm. nU noeì`m§À`m _ZmV Jm`H$dmS>m§H$S>o Vr d{hdmQ> VerM R>odm`Mr ZìhVr. Ë`m§Zr Vr qÌ~H$Or S>|Jù`mH$S>o {Xcr. qÌ~H$Or hm Ah_Xm~mX gwä`mMm gw^oXma Pmcm, Am{U B§J«Om§Zm Vmo EH$X_ AS>Ji dmQy> cmJcm. `m doir nwÊ`mV B§JO « m§Mm ao{gS>Q| > _mD§$Q> ñQw>AQ>© Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z hm H$gcocm _wËgÔr g§J_mda Vi R>moHy$Z ~gcm hmoVm. noeì`m§V\}$ gmho~mer ~mocUr H$am`cm qÌ~H$Or OmV Ago. qÌ~H$OrMr ^mfm gS>oVmoS>. Vmo gmho~mMr ^rS>_wd©V Z R>odVm amoIR>moH$ ~mocV Ago. _wËgÔo{Jar Ë`mÀ`m A§JdiUr nS>cocr ZìhVr. Ec{\$ÝñQ>Zcm ~mocÊ`mV {ZéÎma H$aUmam AÚmn Hw$Ur ^oQ>cm ZìhVm. qÌ~H$OrÀ`m ê$nmZ§ Vo g§H$Q> Ë`mÀ`mnwT>§ C^§ am{hc§. XmoK§hr AË`§V _hÎdmH$m§jr. nU Hw$Um Var EH$mMm Zme Pmë`mdmMyZ Xwgè`mMr _hÎdmH$m§jm {gÕrg OmÊ`mOmoJr n[apñWVr Ë`m doir ZìhVr. ~S>moÚmÀ`m Jm`H$dmS>m§er doJim Vh H$ê$Z B§J«Om§Zr Vo amÁ` Amnë`m KemV KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ Mmc{dcm hmoVm. VoWrc amÁ`H$ma^mamda B§J«Om§M§ nyU© dM©ñd hmoV§. Ë`m H$m_r Ë`m§Zm emñÍ`m§M§ \$ma gmhmæ` Pmc§ hmoV§. ~S>moÚmcm Jm`H$dmS>m§Mr Pmcocr XwX©em noeì`m§À`m H$mZmda `oVmM qÌ~H$OrZ§ ñdV:Mr _mUg§ ~S>moÚmcm nmR>dyZ dñVwpñWVr H$m` Amho Vo

Ñ{ï>H$moU : 7

nmhÊ`mM§ R>adc§. Ec{\$ÝñQ>ZZ§ Ë`mcm OmoamMr haH$V KoVcr. Ë`mM§ åhUU§ VhmZ§ Jm`H$dmS> Am_Mo _m§S>{cH$ Pmco AmhoV. qÌ~H$OrZ§ gmho~mcm ~Omdc§ H$s Jm`H$dmS> ho nydm©nma noeì`m§Mo Vm~oXma AgyZ Ë`m§À`m nadmZJr{edm` B§J«Om§er nañna Vh H$am`Mm Ë`m§Zm h¸$M Zmhr Am{U Amnë`m Vm~oXmamMr dmñVnwñV H$aU§ ho noeì`m§M§ H$V©ì` Amho. nU Jm`H$dmS>m§da noeì`m§Mm H$mhrM h¸$ Zmhr Ag§ Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z noeì`m§Zm R>mgyZ gm§JV hmoVm. `mda Jm`H$dmS>mZ§ m Ë`m§À`m nXmMr dó§ XoÊ`mMm _yc^yV h¸$ noeì`m§Mm Agë`mZ§ Ec{\$ÝñQ>ZÀ`m H¥$VrZ§ noeì`m§À`m gmd©^m¡_ h¸$mdaM JXm `oVo Agm Xmdm qÌ~H$OrZ§ _m§S>cm. qÌ~H$OrMm hm H$mo{Q>H«$_ gmho~mcm {ZéÎma H$aUmam Va hmoVmM nU Vmo Ë`mcm AË`§V AS>MUrMmhr hmoVm. `mM doir qÌ~H$OrZ§ AmUIr EH$ CnH«$_ gwê$ Ho$cm. Zonmir `wÕmV B§J«Om§Mm O~aXñV nam^d Pmcm hmoVm. Ë`mMm \$m`Xm KoD$Z gmè`m qhXwñWmZ^a gmho~mÀ`m {déÕ amZ CR>dVm Amc§ Va nmhmd§ Agm Ë`mMm {dMma hmoVm. Ë`mH$aVm n§Om~mV aU{OVqgh Am{U nyd}H$S>o ~«÷XoeÀ`m amOmer gyV O_{dÊ`mMm Ë`mMm à`ËZ Mmcy hmoVm. B§J«Om§Mr amOYmZr H$cH$Î`mcm hmoVr. ~«÷XoeÀ`m amOmZ§ H$cH$Î`mda h„m H$amdm Ag§ gwMdyZ nmhÊ`mn`ªV qÌ~H$OrÀ`m H$ënH$VoMr ^amar Jocr hmoVr. IwÔ noeì`m§Mo gaXma qeXo, hmoiH$a Am{U ^mogco `m§Mr EH$OyQ> H$aÊ`mMohr à`ËZ Ë`mZ§ Mmcy Ho$co. hmoiH$am§er ~mOramdgmho~m§Mm C^m Xmdm. nU noeì`m§M§ _Z didyZ hmoiH$am§er dmQ>mKmQ>r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mZ§ Amncm dH$sc hmoiH$a Xa~mar nmR>dyZ {Xcm. `mM H$mañWmZmV Ë`mcm ~S>moÚmÀ`m Jm`H$dmS>m§M§ gmhmæ` nm{hOo hmoV§. J§JmYaemñÍ`m§M§ ~S>moÚmVc§ dOZ cjmV KoD$Z {̧~H$Or emñÍ`m§_m\©$V ho {H$VnV eŠ` Amho Vo AO_mdy cmJcm. _amR>_§S>imMr nwÝhm EH$OyQ> KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m qÌ~H$OrÀ`m à`ËZmcm `e `oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Ñ{ï>nWmV `oD$ cmJcr. qÌ~H$OrÀ`m `m hmcMmcr nwÊ`mÀ`m ao{gS>Q§o >À`m ZOaoVZy gwQ>V ZìhË`m.