Yaw Sayadaw
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t&Sif od&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m) \
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wdyd#u"& "r®vufaqmif (13)
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earm arwåmykyæzkv’ó or*¾geH wayg okacg ("r®y'-'k-162) a,mp arawåe pdawåe? oAÁygPmEkurÜwd/ A[Hk [d aom yo0wd? yknH wm'doaum ea&m/ ( 0g&P ax&*gxm-265 )
2
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
(1) tvS&wem omoem Ä þomoem? Nidrf;csrf;pGm? urÇmBuD;udk vSaponf/ Ä jrefrmüom? omoem? cdkifrmjynfhpHkonf/ Ä Ak'©0g'? jrwf"r®aMumifh? urÇmhtv,f? *kPf &nf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
3
ay;&ayonf/ Ak'¨omoemESifh aumif;aumif;awGUBuHK ol onf vl\rSeu f efaom vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf aumif;rGeaf om cHpm;cGifhtm;vHk;udk pdwfBudKuf&,lEdkifonf/ omoemh tcGit hf a&;ESihf wefz;kd udk wkid ;f wm uefo Y wfí r&Edik f ay/ vlYavmuudk ½kyf0w¬Kypönf; 1 rsdK;wnf; tvS qif½rkH Qjzifh tvSrpHv k ifyg? rNird ;f csr;f Edik yf g/ omoemh vrf;ñTefcsufw&m;yg tvSqifay;rS avmutvS pHk vifí Nidrf;csrf;rnf jzpfonf/ w&m;rygbJ ½kyf0w¬K 1 rsKd ;wnf;jzifo h m tvSqifaevQif tcsed rf a&G; rD;x awmuf aygufuGJjymusoGm;Ekdifonf/ w&m;todrygbJ ypönf;t&Sd 1 rsdK;wnf;jzifh vnf; vlYb0 rcsrf;omEdkifao;yg/ t&Sdudk todjzifh rxdef;Ekdifygu &Sdjcif;aMumifhyif yl&? aMumuf&? idk&? &efjzpf&? ponfjzifh rqHk;Ekdifaom tylrD;awGom awmufavmifaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ rodvQif t&Sdu jyefvnf Ncdrf;ajcmuforQ cHae&rnf/ xdkuJhodkYaom tylr;D rsKd ;pHu k kd Nird ;f ay;Edik af omt&mum; w&m;a&at; omwnf;/ xdNk ird ;f at;apEdik af omw&m;um; Ak'o ¨ mo
4
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
emüom twdtus tjynfht0 &Sdonf/ tdkemao qif;&JawGESifh vlrIa&; tylrsdK;pHkudk &ifqdkifawGUBuHKae Mu&aom vlwdkY\ aemufqHk;axmufwnf tm;udk; p&mum; w&m; 1 rsdK;wnf;om jzpfayonf/ owå0gwdkif csrf;omudk vdkcsifMuonf jzpfí xdv k ckd siv f aS om vlewfeAd mÁ ef 3 wefcsr;f om aumif; pGm&aMumif; w&m;aumif;rsm; 'kuv © w G af Mumif; vrf; rSefaumif;rsm;udk bk&m;&Sifu azmfxkwfay;cJh&onf/ w&m;tod wyfqifay;aom vl\rsufpdonfom tMunfhrSefí tvkyfrSefum pdwfat;&rnfjzpfonf/ cE¨mESihf ruif;Edik o f nfh pm;0wfaea&; pD;yGm;a&; vlraI &;tvkyrf sm;onf rD;&xm;blwmü acgif;wGJ r&Sd ojzifh &yfxm;&onfh vlp;D wGJ ukew f ifwGJ &xm;wJBG u;D 2-wGJESifh wlavonf/ tcsdeftwkdif;twm wpfckxd avhvmem,l rSwo f m;jcif;? tcsed t f ueft Y owf wpf ckjzifh avhusihf tm;xkwx f m;jcif;um; rD;&xm;acgif;wGJ ESifh wlonf/ or®m'dXdtodÓPf acgif;wGJESifh csdwfqufay; vdkufvQif pm;0wfaea&;&xm;wJGBuD;onf odu©m 3 yg;? r*¾if 8 yg; vrf;aMumif;twkdif; vdkufyg aygif;rd
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
5
oGm;ygonf/ jzpftdkemao blwmrsm;udk ausmfvGefNyD; edAÁmefblwmta&muf o,faqmifoGm;Edkifrnf jzpf onf/ cE¨mxrf;aqmifa&;wGJESifh w&m;wJG wpfquf wnf; wpfom;wnf; aygif;rdoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ Ak'o ¨ moemonf (0g-odum© 3 yg; w&m;onf) wpfckwnf;aom 'ku©tyl xGufaygufjzpfonf/ rqHk; Edkifatmif rsm;jym;vSaom vlrIa&; 'ku©tyl jyóem rsKd ;pHu k kd ukeMf urf;tjzpfo;kH í omoemhvyk if ef;pOfpuf xJ xnfo h ;kH vdu k v f Qif tylNird ;f aMumif; csr;f omaMumif; jzpfaom ukefacsmpGrf;tm;rsm; ay:xGufvmrnf jzpf onf/ ,aeY rsufarSmufavmuü rl;,pfaq;0g; t &ufaopmrsm;udk raumif;rSe;f odvsuf oH;k pJaG eMujcif; onf pdwu f kd arhaq;? xHak q;ay;onfo h abmom jzpf onf/ tcuftcJ rajyvnf½HkrQru tyl 1 ckudk tyl 100 yGm;,ljcif;om jzpfonf/ ao;i,faomtyludk BuD;xGm;atmif vkyfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ vlYb0cE¨m tcuftcJudk w&m;uvJGí rnfonfht&murQ ajy vnfatmif ajz&Si;f Edik pf rG ;f r&Sad cs/ oefpY ifwu d s ppfreS f aom omoemonf jrefrmjynfüom tjynfhtpHk&Sd
6
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
onf/ tpd;k &ESihf jynfo?l q&mESi'hf um? nDnmMunfjzL pGm apmifha&SmufEdkifonfh aus;Zl;aMumifhyif jzpfonf/ omoemonf at;csrf;aom bk&m;&Sif\ arwåmESv;kH om;rS ay:xGuv f mcJí h at;csr;f aom ol awmfaumif;BuD;wdkY\ arwåmESvHk;om; tqufquf jzifh o,faqmifvmcJhonf/ tat;"mwf jzpfonf/ omoemonf urÇmavmuBuD;udk Nidrf;csrf;pGm tvS qifay;onf/ omoemjyefEY o YHS avmuf Nird ;f csr;f rI wd;k yGm;vmrnf jzpfonf/ omoemESifh xdkufwefaom arwåmESvHk;om; xm;&Srd aI Mumifh jrefrmüom omoem ckid rf monf/ jynfh pHo k nf/ oefpY ifonf/ arwåmESv;kH tvSq;kH jzifh &TiNf yKH ; Munfom omoemudk 0dkif;0ef;tm;ay; csD;ajr§mufrI aMumifh urÇmt h v,fü jrefrm*kP&f nf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
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(2) arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif Ä Ä Ä Ä
jyol-oifol? csD;ajr§mufol? pdwfwlnDñGwfMu/ oHCmESifhvl? tkyfcsKyfol? MunfjzLnDñGwfrS/ arwåmyef;cdkif? oHk;yGifhqdkif? jyefYvdIifwdk;wuf&/ omoema&mif? xGef;vif;ajymif? jrifhacgif pGrf;jynfh0/ Ä arwåmESvHk;? tvSqHk;aMumifh? &TifNyHK; Munfom wkdYjrefrm urÇmuyif armfMunhf&/ avmuü omoemay:aygufvm&ef cufcJ oavmuf bk&m;r&Sdonfhaemuf omoem ruG,f aysmufatmif apmifah &Smufxed ;f odr;f &onfh wm0efu vnf; BuD;av;vSonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufaumif; tiftm;jzifh xrf;aqmifEikd af om wm0efrsKd ; r[kwaf y/ rnfonfyh pön;f rQ ryg0ifaom paum? vifyef; (Asw)f paom ayghyg;aomt&mrsm;udk zdkcaemuf 1-vHk;? 2vH;k ay:wifí vG,u f al omfvnf; pm;zG,t f jynfx h nfh xm;onfh ',ft;dk Bu;D rsKd ;udu k m; ckid rf maom zdck aemuf (zdkcHkavmuf) 3-vHk;&SdrS wifí jzpfEkdifonf/ Ak'¨omo emonf tBu;D rm;qH;k aom tiftm;jzpfí tESpo f m&
8
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
jynf0h qH;k vnf; jzpfojzifh pdwcf eG t f m;aumif;rGef oefY pif ½dk;ajzmifhol arwåm&SifwdkY\ arwåmzdkcaemuf (zdk cHkavmuf) 3-vHk;ay:wifxm;rS wm&SnfcHrnfjzpf onf/ omoemhwm0efudk pdwfcGeftm;aumif;olrsm; om Edkifatmif o,fydk;xrf;aqmifEkdifMuonf/ jrefrmjynfü vljzpf&olrsm;onf tjcm;Ekid if rH sm; xufydkí omoemhtusdK;udk o,fydk;xrf;aqmifcGifh &Muojzifh ydkí uHaumif;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ omo emhpGrf;tm;udk rSDcdkcGifh &Muojzifhvnf; pdwf"mwf ydkrdk &ifu h suí f cHEikd &f nfprG ;f tm;rsm; &&Sx d m;MuNy;D aumif; qdk; 2 wef avmu"Hudk pdefac:&Javmufatmif pdwf "mwfBuHhcdkifolrsm; jzpfcGifh&Muonf/ avmuü vloHk;ukefypönf;rsm;onf (1) xkwf vkyfa&;? (2) xdef;odrf;a&;? (3) jzefYa0a&;tm;jzifh tydkif; 3-ydkif; tqufrjywf vnfywfay;EdkifrS vl trsm; jynh0f vHak vmufatmif oH;k aqmifciG &hf ouJo h Ykd omoemvnf; ¤if;enf;wlyif tydkif; 3 ydkif; tquf rjywf vnfywfay;Edik rf S w&m;ESix hf u kd w f efot l m;vH;k w&m;ESifh awGUum w&m;pGrf;tm;udk &&SdEkdifMurnf jzpfonf/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
9
xdk 3 yg;wdw Yk iG f omoemhxw k v f yk af &;tydik ;f rSm Ak'\ ¨ udpo ö m jzpfonf/ Ak'o ¨ nf Ak'\ ¨ udpö Ny;D qH;k oGm; jcif;aMumifhom y&dedAÁmefpHjcif; jzpfonf/ usef 2 ydkif; um; Ak'¨\udpö r[kwfawmhbJ omoemudk ,HkMunf vufcHol &[ef; &SifvlwdkY\ wm0efom jzpfonf/ xdk aMumifh omoemjyKvkyfief;[lonf (1) rdrdudk,fwdkif todw&m;
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t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
wdkY aywnf;/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh (1) omoemh0efxrf;&Sif &[ef;[laom oHCm? (2) ypönf; 4-yg; csD;ajr§muf axmufyHhol wdkif;&if;om; jynfolvltaygif;ESifh (3) EdkifiHawmftpdk;& paom tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0efcH yk*¾dKvf? þ (3) rsdK;aywnf;/ þ arwåmyef; (3) yGifh rsufESm csif;qHkum pdwfxm; MunfjzL nDñGwfpGmjzifh 0dkif;0ef; cs;D ajrm§ uf apmifah &Smuf tm;ay;jcif;aMumifo h m omo em wnfae&ayonf/ q&mESifh'umonf a&ESifhMumyrm tcsif;csif; arwåmjzifh tvSqifay;aeolrsm; jzpfonf/ a&aMumifh Mumaygufí MumaMumifah &vS ouJo h Ykd 'um\ at;jr Munfvifaom arwåma&aMumifh q&m\ oefYpifrGef jrwfat;csrf; wnfNidrfvSyaom arwåmyef; ayguf a&mufí q&m\ arwåmMumyef;aMumifhyif 'um\ arwåma&rSm ydkí xnf0gvSycGifh &avonf/ cs;D ajrm§ ufow l \ Ykd arwåm? cs;D ajrm§ ufc&H olw\ Ykd arwåmpGrf;tm;rsm;onf twGif;wGif Nidrf0yfykef;vQdK; aeMuonf r[kwfbJ t&Sdefwufum avmutwGif; xk;d azmufjyefEY v YHS suf A[d'u ¨ v kd nf; "mwfcu kd af eNro J m
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
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jzpfonf/ &efukefNrdKU? A[ef; eE´0efvrf;? r[m0dok'¨g½Hk a&Tusifwdkufopf (ygVdwuúodkvf) ausmif;wkdufonf arwåmyef;cdkif (3) yGifhqdkifaMumifh £päo,ukef;ajr ay:0,f 1320 jynfhESpfu xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ay:ayguf vmcJí h arwåmyef; (3) yGijhf zifh tvSqifum wifw h ,f xnf0gvSypGmjzifh ESpf (40) jynfo h Ykd a&muf&v dS mcJjh cif; jzpfonf/ arwåmjynfh
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t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
vlprG ;f aumif; vkyEf idk o f al vmuf rnforl Q rpGr;f Edik af cs/ w&m;om taumif;qHk; vlpGrf;aumif; vkyfenf; jzpf onf/ Ak'¨omoemawmfonf pdwfaumif; xkwfvkyf onfhpuf? pdwfoefYpifonhfpuf? pdwftyludk tat;cH onfhpuf? ÓPfaumif; xkwfvkyfonfhpuf? pdwfysuf udk jyifonfhpufBuD; jzpfayonf/ vlcsrf;om\ tESpf csKyfrSm ]]pdwfpifMu,frI}} omwnf;/ w&m;onf jrefrmht"du xGuu f ek yf pön;f jzpfí xGufukeftqufrjywf &&Sda&;twGuf Ak'¨omoem wdusjynhf0 ckdifrmpGm wnfwHhzdkYvdkygonf/ xkdwm0ef ausyeG af &;twGuf y&d,wdpå moifwu dk rf sm; ay:ayguf a&; Mum&SnfwnfwHha&;onf ta&;tBuD;qHk; jzpfay onf/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
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(3) pmcsyef;cdkif? at;jrvdIif 1 Ä pmayusrf;*ef? vrf;trSef? {uef uRrf;usif&/ 2 Ä tusdK;vdkum? apwem? arwåmtm;BuD;&/ 3 Ä oifjyvdkjim;? xl;jcm;vSpGm? 0goem? pdwfyg0if pm;&/ 4 Ä udk,fusdK;pGefYcGm? onf;cHum? epfemcHwwfrS/ Ä pmcsq&m? &wem? aumif;pGmjzpfvm&/ Ä pmcsyef;cdkif? at;jrvdIif? BuHhckdifpGrf;tm;&/ Ä opf 1-yifaumif;? iSufaygif;rsm;pGm? rSDcdk&modkY q&maumif;rI? pdwfMunfjzLvQif? &Sifvl&[ef; pdwfat;csrf;? rSDjirf;cdkvHI&/ Ä ESdyfuGyfxdkufol? ESdyfuGyfrl? awmfolawGUvQif csD;ajr§muf&/ Ä omoema&mif? xGef;vif;atmif? usifhaqmif &rnfh vrf;pOfjy/ Ä rawmfraumif;? tusifhapmif;? raESmif;& atmif? ESdyfuGyf&/ Ä awmfaomfaumif;aomf? pGrf;tm;ay:pifawmf aumufí csD;ajr§muf&/
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t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
Ä olu Y kd cs;D ajrm§ uf? ud, k *hf P k af jrmuf? xGe;f awmuf pGrf;tm;&/ Ä ypönf;w&m;? þ 2-yg; ay;jim;csD;ajr§muf&/ Ä xdk 2-yg;rSm? w&m;om? ay;wmjrifhjrwfvS/ Ä ypönf;ay;rl? bHkqdkif[l? &efol0dkif;í tyl&/ Ä w&m;ay;aomf? pGrf;tm;ay:? &Tifaysmftm; wuf&/ opfyif 1-yifü rsdK;aphaumif; raumif; tyif udk MunfhvQif odEdkif\/ tyifaumif;raumif; toD; tyGifhudk Munfh&onf/ q&maumif;raumif; odvdk vQifum; wynfhudk Munhfí tuJjzwf&onf/ toD;tyGiahf umif;udk tyifaumif;rS &&So d nf/ tyifaumif;udk rsdK;aphaumif;u azmfxkwfay;onf/ wynhfaumif;udkum; q&maumif;uom azmfxkwf ay;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/ rsdK;aphaumif;í tyifaumif;onf/ tyif aumif;rS toD;aumif;Ekid o f nf/ toD;aumif;rSvnf; rsdK;aphaumif;udk tqufrjywf &&SdEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ q&maumif;rSom wynhfaumif;rsm; tqufrjywf ay:xGufvmEdkifvdrfhrnf/ q&maumif;rsm; tquf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
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rjywf &&SdEdkif&ef wnfhaumif;rsm; tqufrjywf azmf xkwfay;zdkY txl;vdktyfonf/ tajccHusí cdik rf m&ifu h suaf om tod? tusihf bufpHkjynfh0aom omoemudk vufqifhurf; o,f aqmifrnfh a'gifa'gifjrnf omoemjyK tmZmenf yk*Kd¾ vx f ;l rsm; pOfqufrjywf ay:aygufvmatmif azmf xkwfay;EdkifolwdkYum; y&d,wdåpmoifwkdufBuD;rsm;&Sd t&nftcsi;f jynf0h onfh pmcsq&mawmfrsm;om jzpf onf/ pnf;urf;pepfjzifh odyfonf;uspfvpfpGm tkyf csKyfí omoemhpuf,EÅ&m;udk aeYpOfyHkrSef vnfywf ay;aeaom y&d,wdåpmoifwkdufBuD;rsm;onf pHcsdefrD omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfrsm; xkwfvkyfay;aeaom XmeBuD; rsm; jzpfonf/ EkdifiH 1-ck\ tEÅ&m,f umuG,fa&;twGuf vufeufaumif;&Sdaom ppfol&Jaumif;rsm;udk ta&; wBu;D vdt k yfouJo h Ykd omoem\ tEÅ&m,f umuG,f a&;twGuv f nf; y&d,wdv å ufeufaumif; &Sad om y&d ,wdt å mZmenf ol&aJ umif;rsm;udk txl;vdt k yfvaS y onf/ xdky&d,wdåol&Jaumif;rsm;udk y&d,wdåpmoif wdkufrsm;uom azmfxkwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/
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t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
omoemhopfyifBu;D ü y&d,wdo å nf a&aomuf jrpfjzpf\/ y#dywådonf yifpnftudkif;tcufwnf;/ y#da0"um; toD;tyGifh jzpfonf/ ypönf; 4-yg; a& vHak vmufatmif&rS omoemhopfyif &Sio f efrnf jzpf onf/ pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf y&d,wdpå moifwu dk \ f t"du trmcHtiftm;rsm; jzpfonf/ omoemtwGuf wu,ftm;udk;&aom pmcsq&mawmfonf (1) y&d ,wådpmayusrf;*efudk vrf;rSeftwdkif; ESHYpyfuRrf;usif wwfajrmuf&onf/ (2) trsm;tusdK;udk wu,fvkd vm;í wynfrh sm;udk wwfajrmufuRr;f usiaf pvdak om apwem arwåmtm;Bu;D &onf/ (3) rdrw d wfuRr;f em; vnfxm;onfh y&d,wdåtwwfynmudk wynfhrsm; wwfodem;vnfatmif oifjyay;vdkaom 0goemt xHk&Sd&onf/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rI &Sd&onf/ (4) udk,fusdK;udk pGefYí onf;cHcGifhvTwf tepfemcHEdkif &onf/ vrf;jyaumif;onfh pmcsq&m &wemaumif; jzpf&ef tvGecf ufcv J o S nf/ pdwaf umif; pmwwfonfh tusifhjrwfocif pmcst&Sifrsm;udk &&Sdygrlum; opf 1-yifaumif;vQif iSuf 1-aomif;cdk&ouJhodkY &Sifvl
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
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&[ef; pdwfat;csrf;pGm rSDjirf;cdkvdIcGifh&avonf/ arwåm&Sif pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf pmoifwkdufudk xnf0gapaom tvS&wemrsm; jzpfonf/ pmoifwdkufrsm;onf 1-yGJwdk; &ufwdkoifwef; Xmersm; r[kwb f J ESpEf iS chf sí D ZGv J v YkH Bu;D rm;pGm BuKd ;pm; &aom ESp&f n S pf rD u H ed ;f vkyif ef;Xmersm; jzpfonf/ pm oifwdkuftwGif; vrf;ñTeftkyfcsKyf oifjyydkYcsay;ae aom a&SUaqmifvrf;jy pmcstm;vH;k onf txl;uRr;f usif&onf/ txl; pdwf0ifpm;&onf/ txl; Ekd;Mum; wuf
18
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
oGm;&m udk,fygNyD; vGifhpifysufpD;oGm;Edkifonf/ vSyarT;BuKd io f nfh yef;yGiu hf av;rsm;onf vSy cdik cf o hH nfh oDwBH uKd ;uav;jzifh oDu;kH ay;vdu k v f Qif av wkduf&mrvGifhawmhbJ tqif;&Sdoavmuf vSyEkdifí teHY&Sdoavmuf arT;ysHUEdkifonf/ tvScsif;vnf;qHk teHYcsif;vnf; pkyHkí ydkívnf;vS ydkívnf;arT;um cefYnm;xnf0g usufoa&wdk;Edkifonf/ xdkYtwl pmoifom; yef;yGifhuav;rsm;onf pnf;urf;oDwHBudK;jzifh xdef;ausmif;yJhjyif oDuHk;ay;rS wm&Sncf NH y;D vSyxnf0gEdik Mf urnf jzpfonf/ pnf;urf; onf vludk csKyfcs,fxm;jcif; r[kwf/ vSywifhw,f xnf0gatmif tvSqifay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ omo em\ toufonf pnf;urf;om jzpfojzifh tppt &m&m pnf;urf;&SdrSvnf; omoem oefY&Sif;wnfwHh jyefYyGm;Edkifrnf jzpfonf/ pmoifwkduf\t&dyfonf arwåmjzpfonf/ pm csq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdt&dyfudk vmcdkvHIMuonfh wynfhpmoifom;rsm;tay: BuD;rm;vHkNcHKat;jronfh arwåm&dyfudk tpOfay;xm;Mu&onf/ arwåmudk axmufuefxm;onfh cEDÅvnf; tm;aumif;atmif
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
19
avhusix hf m;&onf/ cEDEÅ iS hf arwåmr&Sv d Qif p½du k af ygif; pHk vlaygif;pHk pdwx f m;aygif;pHu k kd pkNyKH tyk cf sKyaf e&aom pmoifwu kd \ f tvSysuo f mG ;Edik o f nf/ tukov kd t f yl yHkMum;xJrS ylylavmifavmif ajcmufajcmufuyfuyf pdwaf eusO;f usypf mG jzifh t"dygÜ ,f uif;rJo h mG ;Ekid o f nf/ pmoifwdkuf\ *kPfusufoa&onf y&d,wdå pmayjzpfonf/ wpfomoemvHk;udk wm0ef,l tmrcH NyD; tvSqifay;&aom tvkyfjzpfonf/ pmcsq&m awmfrsm;onf pmoifom;rsm; y&d,wfpmay uRrf; usifatmif rdrdwwfodorQ ydkYcsoifjyay;Mu&onf/ jzpfEkdifvQif rdrdxufyif omvGefxl;cRefoGm;atmif arwåm apwem BuD;BuD;rm;rm;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;oifjy ay;Mu&onf/ pmoifom;rsm;xHrS rnfonft h &mudrk Q arQmv f ifch surf xm;bJ pmayudv k nf; oifjy? ypön;f udk vnf; ay;urf;csD;jr§ifh? aeenf;xkdifenf; pnf;pepfus atmifvnf; vrf;ñTef? pdwfaepdwfxm;wwfatmif vnf; oGefoifí rsufcsnfrjywf apmifha&Smufay;ae Mu&onf/ omoemhvkyfief;pOfonf todESifh tusifh t csif;csif; tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKae&onf/ pmod y&d
20
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
,wfudk usifhod y#dywfjzifh toufoGif;í tvSqif ay;&onf/ usio hf yd #dywfukd pmody&d,wfjzifh rwdr;f apmif;atmif xde;f ausmif;ay;&onf/ y#dywfrygaom y&d,wfonf (tusifhrygaom todonf) todw &m;rsm; aoí ajcmufuyfBuD; jzpfoGm;Edkifonf/ y&d ,wf rygaom y#dywfonfvnf; wdrf;yg;cRwfacsmf oGm;Edkifonf/ q&maumif;jzpfvdkvQif wynhfaumif;jzpf atmif BudK;pm;Mu&pNrJjzpfonf/ pmoifwdkufwdkif;ü (1) rwnft h wlaeoabmrsKd ; r&Sad pbJ? arwåmw&m; jzifh aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUpGm rdom;pk pdwf"mwfxm;um t wlvufwGJaexdkifa&;? (2) tqifhrrDao;ol? tcuf tcJBuHKae&olrsm;udk u½kPmjzifh az;r? ulnFapmifh a&Smufa&;? (3) wu,fawmfol aumif;olrsm;udk vuf raES;bJ rk'dwmjzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om *kPfwifcsD; ajr§mufa&;? (4) rawmfraumif; wdrf;apmif;oGm;ol tjypf&Sdolrsm;udk pdwfqdk;rI? ylavmifrkef;wD;rI? ryg0if apbJ Oayu©mjzifh at;jrpGm jypf'Pfay;a&;[laom jA[®0[ d m&vrf;pOf (4) csuu f kd csrw S u f m vdu k ef musihf oHk;Mu&ygonf/ tjypf&Sdoludk 'Pfwyf&müyif a'go
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
21
tylukd ryg0ifap&yg/ ud, k u f taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif jyKvkyfulnDay;ygvsuf rvdkufemEdkifvQif olYuHESifh ol omjzpfí at;jrpGm MunfvifpmG vufvw T ½f o kH m &Syd g onf/ pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf wynhpf moifom;rsm; tay:üomru rdrdwdkYudk omoemhtvkyf tm;xkwf Edkifatmif rdbyrm arwåmapwemxm;í ypönf; (4) yg; vSL'gef;axmufyHh tm;ay;aeMuaom tvSL&Sif 'um? 'umrrsm;tay:üvnf; at;jraom arwåm "mwfudk tpOfjzefYa0 vTrf;NcHKxm;&ygonf/ pdwfjzifh vnf; arwåm"mwf pdrfh0ifjyefYESHYaeatmif jzefYay;ae& ouJhodkY udk,fEIwfjzifhvnf; arwåmoabmudk tNrJ aqmifae&ygonf/ vlcsi;f awGUvQif avmupum;rsm; jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ b0aeenf; toHk;csenf; vrf; ñTefw&m;rsm;udkom ajymjyoifhygonf/ wwfodem; vnfatmif vlYb0&cdkuf ukodkvf,lwwfatif tcg tm;avsmfpGm a[majymay;&onf/ pma&;ívnf; vrf;ñTefay;Mu&ygonf/ udk,fht&dyfudk vHkavmuf atmif ay;&ygonf/
22
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
(4) pmoifyef;cdkif arT;jyefYBudKif Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä 1/ Ä 2/ Ä 3/ Ä 4/ Ä Ä Ä
EGm;arT;yrm? rsm;vSpGm? ynmoifMum;Mu/ xl;cRefolum;? OD;csdKvm;? &Sm;yg;&cJvS/ ynm&Smawmif;? vltaygif;? taMumif;nDcpJ mG / uH-ÓPf-qE´? vHkYv-usef;rm? q&m-tm;ay;? aMumif;nDa&;? raES;vdktyfvS/ pdwEf idk o f avmuf? pGr;f tm;a&muf? xGe;f awmuf ay:vm&/ jyXmef;csufpHk? pGrf;tm;xHk? tukefBudK;pm;&/ tMum;r&Sd? pGrf;tm;jynhf&ef? pdwftm;oef? rSefrSefBudK;pm;&/ umv&SnfMum? BudK;pm;um? vGefpGmZGJ&Sd&/ tvkyfav;pm;? ½dkaojim;? pGrf;tm; vGefwuf rowå0gvnf;? vdk&mudkajy;? a&mufEikd af o;\/ OD;acgif;ryg ykpeG (f *Pef;)rSm vnf;? vdk&mudkajy;? a&mufEdkifao;\/ ighrSm vufajc? pHkvifayrJh? wpfaxGOD;acgif; jynfhpHk
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
23
a&Smif;cJh? taygif;t*Fg pHkvifygaomf? vdk&m yef;wdkif? igvSrf;udkif? tEdkif&zdkYaocsmvS/ Ä Muufwla&G;yif? pum;oifay;? ajymwwfao; \/ arsmufuav;yif? vlwdkYoifay;? uwwf ao;\/ igum; vlom;? igvlom;wnf;? vl om;wdkYrmef? vHkYvoefí? ÓPf&nfudkjyK ZGJjzifh wkaomf? þvljY ynfrmS rpGr;f &m? b,f[mr&SMd u/ ,aeYtcg pmoifom;i,fuav;rsm;onf aemiftem*wfü omoemudk OD;aqmifMurnfh q&m awmfBu;D rsm; jzpfvmMuvdrrhf nf/ q&maumif; jzpfvkd vQif wynfhaumif; jzpfatmif BudK;pm;&NrJjzpfonf/ taumif; 1-ck jzpfvm&ef taMumif;aygif;pHpk í k tcsed f aygif;rsm;pGm ay;NyD; ZGJ&Sd&Sd BudK;pm;&onf/ ynma&;avmuü qd½k ;kd pum; 1-ck&o dS nf/ ]]pm oif EGm;arG;? pmwwf EGm;OD;csdK}} [lí jzpfonf/ EGm; 1-aumifü tarG;rsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf; OD;csdKum; 2acsmif;wnf;om&So d nf/ xdt Yk wl ynmoifMum;olrsm; EGm;arG;avmufrsm;jym;Muaomfvnf; wu,fxl;cRef aygufa&mufwwfajrmufolum; EGm;OD;csdKtvm; t vGefenf;yg;vSacsonf/
24
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
ynm&SmazGoifMum;&mü taMumif;nDzdkY cufcJ vSonf/ taMumif;vHkavmufjynhfpHkrS EGm;csdKyrm xl; cReo f rl sm; jzpfciG &hf Edik Mf uonf/ (1) twdwu f o k v kd u f H aumif;&onf/ (2) qkdif&mtwwfESifh xdkufwefaom xufjrufxl;cRefaom uHt&if;cHonfh ÓPfvnf;&Sd &onf/ (3) wwfajrmufuRr;f usif vdck siv f o S nfh qE´ aumif;vnf; xufoefpmG xm;&S&d onf/ (4) &nfreS ;f csuf yef;wdkifta&muf ydkYaqmifay;Edkifaom Edk;Mum; wuf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
25
aom taMumif;rsm; nDñGwfjynfhpHkrS xl;cRefEdkifMu onf/ pdwfEdkifoavmufom pGrf;tm;a&mufí xGef; awmufjrifhrm;EdkifMuonf/ ynmvdkvm; pmoifom;onf (1) tydkif;vdkuf qdkif&mjyXmef;csuftm;vHk;udk tcsdefrD BudK;pm;Edkif&ef vHak vmufaom tcsed &f &Sad &;twGuf tcsed u f kd BuKd wif cJaG 0xm;&rnf/ (2) a&SUtodEiS hf aemuftod qufpyf rdatmif a&SUtodu aemuftodtm; aus;Zl;jyKae atmif tqufrjywf BuKd ;pm;Edik &f rnf/ (3) uefo Y wf csed f (yef;0ifcsed )f ra&mufrcsi;f &Snv f sm;aom y&d,wdå c&D;udk ZJG&Sd&Sd BudK;pm;Ekdifaom owdå&Sd&rnf/ (4) y&d ,wåv d yk if ef;twGi;f pdwu f kd ESpjf rK§ yí f (tcsed yf if ukef rSe;f rod&avmufatmif) vkyif ef;tay: pdwyf g0ifpm; av;pm;rI &S&d rnf/ þenf;vrf; (4) oG,t f wkid ;f vdu k f emEdkifvQif {uef ynm
26
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
&rnf/ (2) w&m;ESifhxdkufwefaom rdrdpGrf;&nf? rdrd ESix hf u dk w f efaom w&m;pGr;f &nfukd ,HMk unfr[ I al om "mwfBuKd ;yrm qufo, G rf t I m;aumif;&rnf/ (3) owd txdef;jzifh tqufrjywf rSefuefpGm tm;xkwfrI [l aom 0D&d,cvkwfudk ESdyfay;Edkif&rnf/ (4) owdESifh wJGaom 0D&d,onf orm"dudk jzpfapEkdifonfjzpfí orm"du ynmtm; aus;Zl;jyKonfjzpf&um; ynmrD; a&mifvif;vmrnf {uefjzpfonf/ ykxZk Ofonf ud, k t hf ay: MoZmanmif;onfh t xdef;? wGef;tm;? vrf;ñTef tNrJ&SdaerS wdk;wufBuD;yGm; Edik \ f / y&d,wdpå moifwu dk f zGiv hf pS w f nfaxmifí y&d owfjzifh pkpnf;aexdkifjcif;onf ta&twGufxuf aumif;aom t&nftaoG;udk vdck sií f om jzpfonf/ omoemhqefaumif;udk vdck sií f omoemhpufxJ xnfh Budwfay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf zJGonf zJGomjzpf &onf/ ok*wd edAmÁ ef oGm;&rnfh y&d,wdaå jryHu k m;csyf raysmufatmif xdef;aejcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ pmoifom;onf vSyarT;BudKifaom yef; 1-cdkif jzpfojzifh pnf;urf;jzifh tvSqifí arwåm&eHu Y kd arT; ysHUBudKifvdIifatmif jzefYae&rnf jzpfonf/ arwåm&dyf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
27
ay;í tkycf sKyv f rf;ñTeaf y;onfh q&morm;udk arwåm jzifh wHkYjyefaus;Zl;qyf&rnf/ ypönf;xkyfBuD;rsm; ay;rS q&morm;udk aus;Zl;qyfonf[k ac:onfr[kwf/ q&morm;rsm;onf xdkypönf;xkyfBuD;rsm;udk vHk;0 rrufarm? vHk;0 arQmfvifhcsufrxm;? vrf;ñTefcsufudk at;jrMunfvifpmG vufcv H u kd ef monfh arwåmudo k m q&mrsm;u wynfx h rH S awmifw h vdv k m; tm;xm;Mu onf/ oufryhJ pön;f rsm;jzifh omoemudk jyí rjzpfyg/ oufro hJ nf trSwt f om;ESihf toH;k taqmifom jzpf onf/ ouf&SdtpGrf;jzifhom omoemudk jyEdkifonf/ pmoifom; oHCy&dowfonf ausmif;wku d \ f tvS? ausmif;wkduf\jywdkuf jzpfonf/ apwDykxdk; bk&m; ausmif;uefrsm;udk omoemh txdrf;trSwftjzpf t ouf*kPfoGif;ay;aeMuonfrSm ouf&Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ w&m;pGrf;tm;omwnf;/ ÓPf&Sdol ouf&SdpGrf;tm; aMumifh oufr0hJ w¬Krsm; vSyí tzd;k wefMuonf/ ouf rJh0w¬KaMumifh ÓPf&Sdol ouf&Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm; pGrf;tm;&&Sd wdk;wufMu&onf/ avmuü aumif;aom *kPf 1-ckukd &&S&d ef ESpf
28
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
ESichf sí D tcsed rf sm;pGm,lNy;D raerem; BuKd ;pm;Mu&onf/ odaYk omf *kPu f awmh ajz;ajz; ajz;ajz;om a&mufvm wwfonf/ *kPfysufzdkY? tjypf&zdkYtwGufum; tcsdef rsm;rsm; ray;&/ csucf si;f yif jyefo Y mG ;wwfonf/ *kPf wufcsifvdkY wpfoufvHk; cJxm;aomfvnf; *kPfysuf csifawmh wpf&ufwnf;jzifh tukefygoGm;wwfonf/ odjYk zpfí *kP&f zdYk BuKd ;pm;&oavmuf *kPrf ysuaf tmif xde;f xm;&onfh wm0efuvnf; Bu;D av;vSacsonf/ tysif;ESifh tzsif;aemufu jypf'Pfrsm;onf xyfcsyrf uGm yl;uyfvu kd af eMuonf/ awmfol aumif; ol\ a&SUrSmum; qkvmbfrsm;u tNrv J ufurf;BuKd qkd aeMuonf/ pmoifwu kd \ f oGm;aeaomvrf;pOfum; þtwdkif;om jzpfonf/ ESdyfuGyfxdkufoludk ESdyfuGyfí cs;D ajrm§ ufxu kd o f u l kd cs;D ajrm§ ufay;&jcif;onfyif omo emjyKtvkyf\ t½dk;cHvrf;aMumif; jzpfayonf/ twdwfuHudk t&if;tESD;vkyfí ÓPf0D&d,udk rxdefrcsef xkwfoHk;Edkifolrsm;onf xl;jcm;aom vl jzpfonf/ uH½kyfudk ÓPftvkyfjzifh tvSqif&rnf/ omoemhvrf;aMumif;ay:a&mufvQif (t*FkvdrmvtZmwowfrif;-taomurif;ponfwu Ykd o hJ )Ykd vlru kd f
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
29
rsm;yif emrnfaumif;udk jyefvnf&&SdEdkifMuonf/ vlY cE¨m puf,EÅ&m;onf txl;qef;qHk;pGrf;tm;jzpfí pufukd aeYwikd ;f ppfaq;ay;aezdYk txl;vdt k yfonf/ uH rsufvHk;wGif ÓPfrsufvHk; wyfqifay;&rnf/ ÓPf rsuv f ;kH &Srd o S m ud, k [ hf mud, k f qH;k rwwfonf/ aysm&f m rSm raebJ awmf&m (oifhavsmf avsmufywf&m) ü aewwfatmif avhusiahf y;&rnf/ jymxJ zHx k rJ mS aysmf onfhacG;onf arGU,m aumfaZmay: odyf&cuf\/ udavomESihf aysmaf ompdwo f nf w&m;tm½Hak y: wif &cufonf/ &Si&f [ef;rsm;onf bk&m;\w&m;udk taMumif; jyKí ouFef;0wfvmcJhMuojzifh bk&m;\&ifESpfonf; csm om;t&if;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ rnfou l rkd Q aMumufí tm;emí 0wfcJhMuonfr[kwfbJ udk,fh[mudk,f o abmus qH;k jzwfí ud, k o hf abmESiu hf , kd f 0wfcMhJ ujcif; om jzpfonf/ omoemESifh xdkufwefíom 0wfEdkif jcif;jzpfí xkdufwefíom ouFef;0wfjzifh aeEdkifMu jcif; jzpfonf/ &Sif&[ef;b0onf o'¨gw&m;jzifh &yf wnf&onfjzpfí o'¨gw&m;udk jzKwfvdkufvQif &Sif &[ef;\aep&m ae&mr&Sad wmhacs/ trSet f m;jzifh om
30
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
oemyifv,fBuD;onf bkef;uH? o'¨g? ynm ponf BuD;rm;onfh BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfolwdkY\ ae&mom jzpf onf/ tzd;k wef0w¬Konf wefz;kd odot l wGuo f m tzd;k wefpNrJ/ Ak'¨omoem = Ak'¨&wemESifh awGUolonf uH taumif;qH;k jzpfonf/ ypöKyeÜ b f 0? vuf&ydS pön;f &w emrsm;onf rdrdudk wpfb0om t0auR;Edkifrnf/ wpfb0twGufyif raocsm/ Ak'¨&wemonf um; edAmÁ eftxd t0auR;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ todpw d f ESifh w&m;rxdawGUvQif &Sif&[ef;b0onf ysif;p&m? aMumufp&m? taumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ todpdwfESifh w&m;xdawGUcGi&hf vQiu f m; &Si&f [ef;b0om aysmpf &m tm;udk;p&m taumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ avmu vmb ouúm&rsm;onf &Sif&[ef;\ wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom Nidrf;csrf;rIudk zsufqD;ypfwwf onfudk txl;owdjyKwwf&onf/ avmuü bk&m; w&m;avmuf bmwpfckrQ txifBuD;p&mr&Sdyg/ &Sif &[ef;rsm;onf pm;zdkYtvkyfvkyfaeMuonf r[kwfbJ tvkyfvkyfzdkYom pm;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/ olawmfrS udk,fu aumif;&rnfr[kwfbJ? olawmfatmif udk,f
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
31
u aumif;jyae&aom olawmfaumif;b0 tppf vnf; jzpfonf/ pmoifom; &Si&f [ef;rsm;\ pmay y&d,wfvyk f ief;[lonf trsK;d rSef ausmufrsu&f wemudk tzd;k wef tqifah &mufatmif wl;azmfaoG;ay;ae&aom tvkyf jzpfonf/ aumif;aumif;aexdik jf cif;jzifh wpfomoem vHk;udk *kPfjyKae&aom b0vnf; jzpfonf/ pmay todonf y#dywf tusifhjzifh toufoGif;í tvS qifay;rS xnf0g vSy&Sio f efonf/ tusiyhf #dywfryg vQif w&m;aomufa&yH;k Bu;D udk tem;rSmxm;Ny;D udav om tnpftaMu;rsm;jzifh ylavmifnpfywfum w&m; a& qmavmif iwfjywfaernfom jzpfonf/ odu©m 3-jzm omoemudk ud, k yf ikd &f atmif usiahf om wu,fh omoemydkif tppfrsm; jzpfatmif BudK;pm;jr§ifhwifay; ae&rnf/ y&d,wfonf wm0efausvQif pmtkyfxJodkY jyefomG ;wwfonfh tiSm;wm0efjzpfwwfí y#dywfom udk,fydkiftvkyfjzpfonf/ q&mrsm;u ]]vkyfrvkyf? [kwfr[kwf}} 2-csuf om vrf;ñTefapmifhMuyfEdkifNyD; udk,fydkif todjzifh w u,ftm;xkwaf &;rSm pmoifom;wd\ Yk wm0efom jzpf
32
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
onf/ ud, k Ef iS x hf u kd w f efíom vky&f aomtvkyjf zpfí wu,fvkyfvQif {uefjzpfvm&rnfomwnf;/ ajc axmufrygonfh a>r? OD;acgif;rygonfh ykpGef(*Pef;) onfyif vd&k ma&mufatmif ajy;Ekid af o;vQif vufajc OD;acgif; jynfhpHkaom rdrdrSm vkyfvQif tb,frSm rjzpfEikd b f J &S&d rnfenf;/ Muufwal &G;yif vlwo Ykd ifay; u pum;ajymwwfao;vQi?f arsmufuav;yif oifjy ay;ol&Sdu uwwfao;vQif? vltppfvnf;jzpf &Sif &[ef;vnf;jzpfaom rdrt d wGuf enf;rSev f rf;rSef BuKd ; pm;vQif tb,frSm ratmifjrifbJ &SdygtHhenf;/ pmoifom;wynhfrsm;onf pmcs q&mrsm;\ vrf;ñTerf u I kd arwåmjzifh vufcí H tpOfrjywf arwåm "mwfjzifh vTr;f NcKH wek jYf yefae&rnfjzpfonf/ todynm omru tvdrm® udyk g arwåmjzifh ay;a0aeonfh q&m tm; arwåmw&m;jzifh aus;Zl;qyfrS aus>yefayvdrfh rnf/ rdrdwdkY pmayynmudk aMumifhMur&Sd at;csrf; ajzmifhwef;pGm oif,ltm;xkwfEdkifatmif arwåma&SU xm;um rdbyrm ypönf; 4-yg;jzifh csD;ajr§mufapmifh a&SmufaeMuaom 'um'umrrsm;udkvnf; arwåm
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
33
vTrf;NcHK aus;Zl;*kPfudk wkefYjyefay;Mu&rnf jzpfonf/ tcgtm;avsmfpGmvnf; vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm; tenf; i,fpD ajymMum;ay;&rnf/ tvSL&Sif auseyfMunfvif arwåmouf0ifatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf usifhoHk;ae xdkif&rnfjzpfonf/ tvSLU&Sif Munfvifatmif rae vQif MunfjzLpGmay;vSLonfh olYypönf;udk 'jr('g;jy) wdkuf,lonfESifh wlaevdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf ta&;BuHK vQif &Sif&[ef;udkom tm;udk;Mu&onf/ tm;udk;&avmufatmif avhusifhxm;rS udk,fh wm0efausrnfjzpf\/ rdrdcE¨monf arwåmxyfqifh xkwfqifhxkwfvTifhonfh puf½HkozG,f jzpfojzifh pGrf; tm;xufjrufí oefY&Sif;aezdkY txl;vdktyfonf/ arwåmjzifh om,mpdkajy0ajymatmif wnfaxmifzef wD;xm;aom arwåmavmuudk wPSmu 0ifa&muf zsufqD;ypfwwfonfudkvnf; txl;owdjyK&rnf jzpf\/ pmoifwdkuftwGif; xdk;pnf? xdk;armif;? oH acsmif;? acgif;avmif;? wHk;acgufoHrsm;onf r*Fvm tcgay; q&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ pmoifom;rsm;\ todpw d u f kd wuf
34
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
awmfcsed rf sm;wnf;? tcsed ef m&Donf wm0efaus\/ vl rsm;aemufukd vdu k í f em;csed ?f pm;csed ?f tdycf sed yf if ray; MubJ vlaY vmutwGuf vnfywfvyI &f mS ;ay;Muonf/ olwrYkd mS ysi;f csed rf &S?d cdu k yfrv I ;kH 0r&S?d tcsed jf ynhf tvkyf vkyo f nf/ tcsed ef m&D? wm0efausaomaMumifo h m wd usaom tcsed u f kd od&onf/ xdt Yk wl omoemü q&mh wm0ef? wynfhwm0ef? 'umwm0ef? wduspGm ausyGef MuvQif arwåmyef; 3-ckdifjzifh tvSqifaeMuvQif Ak'¨ omoem jrefrmhajray:rS raysmufuG,fEdkifao;yg/ urÇmodkYyif wpfpwpfp jyefYyGm;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ (5) tvSLtpGrf; arwåmyef; Ä avmursufjrif? ysm;ESifh,if? EdIif;,SOfMunfh EkdifMu/ Ä ,ifaumifyrm? ½IwfaxG;pGm? aumif;wm rpku/ Ä cka&maemifyg? ylavmifum? csrf;omqHk;½HI;&/ Ä ysm;aumifyrm? ajzmifhrSefpGm? aumif;wm pkxm;rS/ Ä cka&maemifyg? at;jrum? csrf;om&EdkifMu/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
35
1/ Ä wdusav;euf? cH,lcsuf? jrifhwufwlnD&/ 2/ Ä pnf;urf;opöm? apmifhxdef;um? ajzmifhpGm BudK; pm;&/ 3/ Ä udk,fhusKd;pGefYcGm? ay;urf;um? epfemcHwwfrS/ 4/ Ä todrSefuef? ynmÓPf? a0zefEdIif;csdef&/ Ä 4-rsKd ;&Sv d Qi?f pGr;f tm;&Si?f atmifjrifw;kd wuf&/ Ä trsm;aygif;pk? þ 4-ck? a&S;½InDñGwf&/ Ä cka&maemifyg? at;jrum? aumif;pGmawGUqH&k / Ä owd-ynm? csdefoD;rSm? aumif;pGmwyfxm;rS/ Ä vHkYv-o'¨g? vufwHrSm? rSefpGmvnfywfMu/ Ä vl\pGrf;tm;? jrwfw&m;? pdwfxm;aumif;rS &EkdifMu/ Ä tvSLtpGrf;? arwåmyef;? &Tifvef;tm;wuf&/ o'¨g ynm arwåm a&SUoGm;jyKí ypön;f udk vuf xJrS vTwfí tvSLcHxHta&muf wGef;ydkYay;Edkifaom xufoefxl;jcm;vSonfh apwempGrf;tm;onf t&Sdef t0g Bu;D rm;vSonf/ omoemudk oef&Y iS ;f wnfwjhH yefY yGm;atmif aus;Zl;jyKEikd af om pGr;f tm;jzpfonf/ ypö,m Ek*[ ¾ 'geudk vufvw T v f u kd o f nfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf om oem uG,faysmufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
36
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
avmuü vlYtzGJU 2-rsdK; &Sd\/ ,ifaumifESifh wlaomvl? ysm;aumifEiS hf wlaomvlwaYkd ywnf;/ ,if aumifrsm;onf trsm;aygif;pkí aewwfMuaomf vnf; (1) trsKd ;twGuf cH,Ol ;D wnfcsuf r&S?d trsKd ;udk rcspf? (2) pnf;urf;r&Sd? trsm;tay: opömr&Sd? (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs tepfemcH pGev Yf w T rf rI &S?d (4) obm0tod w&m;r&Sd? wpf½kef;½kef; wpftHk;tHk;jzifh BuHK&moGm; BuHK &mem; BuKH &mpm;í t"dymÜ ,fuif;rJph mG jzifh ylavmif½yI f axG;pGm aeMuonf/ ,ifaumifü tqdyfr&Sdaomf vnf; tqdyfxufaMumufzdkYaumif;onfh pnf;urf; opömrJrh aI Mumifh rnforl Q t,Ht k Munf r&SMd uacs/ ,if rem;atmif zHk;xm;Muonf/ em;vQifajcmufypfMu onf/ ,ifem;pmudk rpm;bJ a&SmifMuonf/ ,if aumifudk okwfoifz,f&Sm;ypf&rnfhtEÅ&m,faumif tjzpfom jrifMuonf/ xdkYtwl (1) trsdK;bmom omoemtwGuf cH ,lO;D wnfcsurf &So d ?l rdrEd iS hf trsKd ;udk rcspo f ?l (2) pnf; urf;opömr&Sdol? (3) cJGa0toHk;cscsifhcsdefwdkif;wm qHk; jzwfEikd af om todynmr&So d o l nf ,ifaumifyrm ½Iyf axG;pGm aeaomvljzpfonf/ rdro d w l yg; avmu om
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
37
oemudk tvSqifEdkifpGrf;r&SdbJ trsm;udk ylavmif atmif vkyrf w d wfonf/ &Smvdu k &f vdu k f ukeo f mG ;vdu k ?f tukefpm&if;omjyí t&pm&if;ESifh tvSpm&if; rjy Edik b f J wpfb0ukeo f mG ;wwfonf/ ud, k u f olu Y rkd ,H?k olu ud, k u hf rkd ,H?k ud, k u f olu Y pkd w d rf cs? olu ud, k u hf kd pdwfrcs? oHo,rsm; tylyGm;umom aeMu&onf/ xdo k rl sKd ;udk ypön;f rnfrQyif aygrsm;jynfph akH pumrl rnf olrQ wefbdk;rxm;? rav;pm;Mu/ vl&mroGif; tm; rud;k Mu/ xdo k rl sm;onf ypöKyeÜ üf vnf; &So d m&Sí d rcsr;f omMu/ aemifa&;pdwaf t;p&mudv k nf; rvkyjf zpfMu/ rdrdtwGuf *kPf,lzG,f[lí bmrQjyp&mr&Sd/ vlYpGrf; tm;ESifh vlYtvSudk r&EdkifMu/ ysm;aumifrsm;onf trsm;aygif;pkí aewwf Mu&m (1) trsKd ;twGuf cH,Ol ;D wnfcsu&f o dS nf/ trsKd ; udk cspo f nf/(2) pnf;urf;&So d nf/ trsm;tay:opöm &So d nf/ (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs tepfemcH pGev Yf w T rf &I o dS nf/ rdom;pkpdwf"mwf&Sdonf/ (4) obm0 todw&m;&Sd onf/ ysm;aumifü tqdy&f adS omfvnf; pnf;urf;opöm &Sdí ajzmifhrwfrIaMumifh trsm;\,HkMunfpdwfcsrIudk cH,&l onf/ ysm;\vrf;pOfpepfukd oabmusí vlt
38
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
rsm;u ysm;arG;jrLa&;vkyfMuonf/ ysm;aumifpkxm; aom ysm;&nfukd aq;tjzpf ,HMk unfpw d cf spmG oH;k pGMJ u onf/ ysm;aumifonf ysm;&nftwkudk rvkyfwwf/ tppfudkom jyKvkyfazmfxkwfwwfonf/ ysm;&nfppfppfrppf pdppfar;jref;Mujcif;onf ysm;aumifukd r,Hí k r[kwyf g/ rormaom (,ifaumifEiS w hf al om) vlrsm; udk r,HkMuíom pdppfar;jref;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ ysm;aumifonf obm0todw&m;&Sdonf/ pnf;urf;opöm&Sdí emrnfaumif;udk xdef;Edkifonf/ ,ifaumifrsm;uJhodkY tckpm;csifrS tckx&SmMuonf r[kwb f J BuKd wif&mS azGpak qmif;Muonf/ rcdrk uyf nD nDñw G ñ f w G f tvkyv f yk Mf uonf/ rnfonfyh sm;aumif rQ tysif;xl tyg;cdkum rormpdwfjzifh vrf;ab;t rdu I x f rJ S r[kww f ,kwt f ykyrf sm;udk o,f,rl vmcJyh g/ csKd Nred af umif;jrwfaom ysm;&nfuo kd m &,lvMkd uojzifh tm;vH;k yef;yGi&hf &dS m oGm;Muonf/ ysm;aumifrsm;onf pnf;urf;opömrJrh jI zifh emrnfysurf cHMuyg/ aumif;wm udkom pkjcif;? BudKwifpkjcif;? nDñGwfjcif;? pnf;urf; opöm&Sdjcif;wdkYjzifh emrnfaumif;udk xdef;xm;EkdifMu onf/ yef;0wf&nfpkyf,ljcif;aMumifh yef;yGifhtvS r
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
39
ysufpD;ap&/ vdk&myef;0wf&nfudk pkyf,lí tHk&Sd&mt a&muf opöm&Sd&Sd o,faqmifMuonf/ rormpdwfjzifh udk,f&Smwmudk wdwfwdwfcdk;pm;rypf/ trsm;csrf;om a&;udk OD;pm;ay;onf/ tHx k aJ &mufawmhvnf; abmif wHwikd ;f cwfrxm;/ usO;f ajrmif;pdwrf &S/d ]]ig&Smwm rif; wdv Yk pJ m;MuayghumG / rif;wd&Yk mS wm igvnf; pm;rSmaygh/ wdu Yk wpfro d m;pkwnf;twlaeMuwmbJ}} [laomo abmjzifh tm;vH;k aygif;pka&maESmxm;um tm;vH;k cspf cifnñ D w G pf mG cJaG 0toH;k cs pm;oH;k wwfMuonf/ ]]ysm; onf arwåm&Sif}} [k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; arwåm&SifvlY rsuv f ;kH jzifh Munhv f Qif cspcf ifjrwfE;dk zG,f tvGeaf umif; vSonf/ xdkYtwl o'¨g? ynm? arwåm (omoemjyKcGef tm; 3-ck) tm;aumif;aom vltrsm;onf trsm; aygif;pkí aqmif&u G w f wfMu&m (1) trsKd ;bmom om oemtwGuf cH,lOD;wnfcsuf&SdMuonf/ rdrdESifhtrsdK; udk enf;rSefvrf;rSef cspfwwfMuonf/ (2) udk,fusifh pnf;urf; &SMd uonf/ tcsi;f csi;f trsm;tay: opöm&Sd Muonf/ tjyefjyeftvSefvSef ,HkMunfpdwfcsMu& onf/ tcsi;f csi;f tm;ud;k Mu&onf/ (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs
40
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
tepfemcH pGefYvTwfrI&Sdonf/ udk,fh&Sdwm olYudk ay; onf/ olY&Sdwm udk,fhudk ay;onf/ udk,fodwm olYudk ajymonf/ olodwm udk,fhudkajymonf/ ukd,fpGrf;Edkif onft h cg olu Y kd ulno D nf/ olprG ;f Ekid o f nft h cg ud, k hf udk ulnDonf/ rdom;pkpdwf"mwf &SdMuonf/ (4) pOf; pm;EdIif;csdef csifhcsdef csdefwG,f qHk;jzwfEdkifaom tody nm &Sdonf/ xdv k rl sm;onf ylavmifajcmufuyfpmG raexdik f MubJ cE¨mESifhypönf;udkvnf; ylavmifajcmufuyfpGm roH;k MubJ jzKe;f wD;rIbufoYkd ra&mufapbJ ÓPfowd jzifh xdef;odrf;um w&m;ysm;&nfudk pkum pdkjynfvef; qef;at;csr;f pGm aexdik w f wfMuonf/ w&m;ysm;&nf &,lvdkMuojzifh Ak'¨? "r®? oHC [laom yef; 3-yGifhxH aeYpOfyHkrSef csOf;uyfMuonf/ xdkvlrsm;\ cE¨monf omoem&wemaMumay: a&mufaeojzifh &wemcE¨m jzpfcGifh&onf/ ypönf;tm;vHk; &wemypönf;rsm; jzpf oGm;Muonf/ tcsed t f m;vH;k r*FvmpHawmfcsed f &wem tcsdefrsm; jzpfoGm;Muonf/ omoem&wemaMumESifh awGUoltwGuf vufnK§d ;xd;k &m &wemcsn;f omwnf;/ jzKef;ypf&ufp&m 1-ckrQr&Sd/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
41
xd k v l r sm;onf ysm;&nf E S i f h w l a om w&m; aumif;rsm;udk jznfu h siphf ak qmif;um ypöKyeÜ w f ikd ;f aysmf &Ticf sr;f ajrah tmif aewwfMuonf/ rdr\ d ud, k -f ÓPfypön;f tm;jzifh rdro d w l yg;avmu omoemudk arwåm a&SUxm;Ny;D tvSqifwwfMuonf/ b0ul; pdwaf t;& atmif udk,fydkifw&m;udk tcsdefrD pkaqmif;xm;Mu onf/ b0vGwfajrmufa&;txd wdusjywfom;aom OD;wnfcsuf&Sdxm;Muonf/ xdv k rl sm;udk rdom;pkuvnf; ,HMk unfcspcf ifMu onf/ avmuvltrsm;uvnf; av;pm;jrwfEdk;Mu onf/ omoemzufuvnf; txl;yif wefb;kd xm;Mu onf/ xdak rwåm&Sirf sm;uom omoemudk wnfatmif aqmif&Gufay;EdkifpGrf; &Sdygonf/ ysm;aumifyrm ajzmifrh wfpmG w&m;ysm;&nfjzifh tvSqifay;vdkolü owdynm csdefoD;ESifh o'¨g0d&d, vufwHudk txl;vdktyfygonf/ owdynmonf b0 ESifhtvkyf rwdrf;atmif xdef;ay;Edkifaom vlYb0csdef oD;jzpfonf/ owdjzifh tm½HEk iS phf w d u f kd tuGucf sxed ;f ay;NyD; ynmjzifh pGrf;tm;t&Sdudk cJGjcm;Munfh&onf/ owdjzifh vrf;azmfNy;D 0D&, d jzifh pdwt f ajy;avhusiahf y;
42
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
&onf/ tm½HkESifh pdwfjyóem rjzpf&atmif ajz&Sif; ay;onf/ udk,fhpdwfrnfonfhae&m a&mufaerSef;od atmif tNraJ xmufveS ;f pl;prf;ay;onf/ o'¨gESihf 0D&d ,um; vlpY rG ;f tm;ay:vmatmif yHrk eS v f nfywfay;ae aom vlYb0 vufwH 2-acsmif;jzpfonf/ owdynmcsed o f ;D ESihf o'¨g0D&, d vufww H w Ykd iG f o'¨gu pdwaf umif; azmfxw k af y;onf/ r*Fvm wHcg; aygufziG ahf y;onf/ pdwu f se;f rmatmif vkyaf y;onf/ aumif;aom tpm;taomuf\t&omudk use;f rmol om t&omawGUatmif cHpm;Edik o f uJo h Ykd o'¨gaumif; í pdwfusef;rmolom w&m;t&om awGUEkdifrnfjzpf onf/ owdonf pdwfaumif;udk xdef;odrf;ay;onf/ pm;0wfaea&;ESihf w&m;wpfom;wnf;aygif;ay;onf/ tcsed Ef iS t hf iftm; jzKe;f wD;rIukd xde;f csKyaf y;onf/ 0D&d ,u pdwfaumif;udk tcsdefrDatmif wGef;ay;onf/ tm;udk ab;rSmxkwfrypfbJ twGif;rSm xkwf,lxm; vdkufonf/ csdefoD;rygaom 0D&d,onf tm;udk ab; rSm xkwfypfí csdefoD;wyfxm;aom 0D&d,uom tm;udk twGif;rSm xkwf,lxm;EkdifpGrf; &Sdonf/ ynmonf pGrf;tm;udk jrifatmifjyí vkyfc&v'fudk
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
43
xkwfay;onf/ vlonf o'¨gaysmufvQif ajcmufuyfuyfjzpf oGm;onf/ pdjk ynfxnf0grIrsm; cef;ajcmufaysmufu, G f oGm;onf/ ukov kd x f yk Bf u;D rsm; udik x f m;aomfvnf; uk odv k yf pkH jH zifh 0ifrvmMuawmh/ owdaysmufvQif ½l;wl; wl;jzpfomG ;onf/ tm½HEk iS t hf odpw d f uGmNy;D [mwmwm jzpfoGm;\/ vdktyfonfhyHkpHaysmufoGm;í tcsdefrD t vkyfrNyD;wwf? avmuü rawmfwq[lorQonf owdrygaom t½l;pdwfaMumifhom jzpf&onf/ 0D&, d aysmufvQif ewwjzpfomG ;onf/ tm;ud;k p&m w&m;pGrf;tm;rsm;ESifh atmifyef;rsm; vufwpf urf;wGif vSrf;BudKqdkaeMuygvsuf vufvGwfqHk;½HI;& wwf\/ ynmaysmufvQif tww jzpfoGm;onf/ uH t&Sd ½kyef mrft&Sd tm½Ht k &Su d kd bmrQrod? tm½Hv k rd o f rQ cH&rnf/ udk,fh[mudkyif tvdrfcH&wwf\/ omoemESifhawGUBuHKcdkuf cE¨mwm0efESifh w&m; tvkyaf ygif;rdzYkd ta&;Bu;D onf/ rcsujf yKwb f J xif;yHk udk rD;½dUI ovdk bmrQtvum;rukeaf p&/ rD;xd;k qdu k Nf y;D csufjyKwfovdk pm;0wfaea&; xif;rD;qkdufNyD; w&m; xrif; csufwwf&rnf/ ukefoGm;onfh ypönf;xJrS
44
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
rukefEdkifonfh w&m;pGrf;tm; usefcJh&rnf/ todryg vQif t&SdESdyfpuforQ cH&rnf/ tcuftcJudk [efjzifh &Sif;ír&yg/ omoem onf [efomoem r[kwo f jzifh [ef ukov kd f [efw &m;rsm;jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ wu,ftESpfjynfh uk odv k w f &m;rsm;udk tcGiahf umif;wke;f t,luRr;f usizf Ykd txl;vdt k yfonf/ oHo&mc&D;onfrsm;ü jzpf-td-k emao cvkwfwdkufacsmfvJp&m 4-ck? avmb-a'goarm[ pl;p&mql; 3-acsmif;? t0dZÆm-wPSm Nidp&m aMumhuiG ;f 2-ck &So d nf/ csed o f ;D ygrS tuGuaf phí tESpf jynfhrnf/ csdefoD;ESifhvufwHjyKwfvQif b0udk ul;cwfae jcif;r[kwfbJ b0rSm tpDtpOfuif;rJhpGm jrKyfarsmae jcif;om jzpfomG ;rnf/ csed o f ;D ESiv hf ufwH wyfqifvnf ywfaerS rjrKyrf arsmbJ tpDtpOfjzifh wpfbufurf;odYk ul;cwfEikd rf nf jzpfonf/ wpfbufurf;odYk ul;cwfMu &mü y&d,wåpd moifwu kd w f nfaxmifí arwåmyef;cdik f 3-yGiq hf ikd f yHpk jH zifh aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrph mG ul;cwfBuKd ;pm;Mu jcif;onf Al;awmif;jzifh wpfudk,fwnf; ul;jcif;vnf; r[kwf? avSorÁefi,fjzifh vltenf;i,fom wif
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
45
aqmifu;l jcif;vnf; r[kwb f J 3-xyf oabFmBu;D jzifh vlaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm ygatmifwifaqmifí ul;cwf aeMujcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkYESifh xdkufwefaom b0 ordkif;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcGifh&ojzifhvnf; 0rf;om tm;& *kPf,lzG,fjzpf&ygonf/ q&mu arwåmjzifh vrf;ñTef? wynhfu arwåmjzifh vufcH? oHCmu arwåmjzifh vTrf;NcHK? 'um 'umru arwåmjzifh csD; ajr§mufae&onfh arwåmvrf;pOfum; at;csrf;vSay onf/ Ä pmayydkYcs? a[mñTefjyjim;? oem;iJhn§m? jrwfq&m? csrf;omMuygap/ Ä þomoem? t&SnMf uzk?Yd ynmBuKd ;pm;? pmoifom;? 2-yg;udk,fpdwf csrf;omap/ Ä rdbyrm apmifah &Smufumjzif?h o'¨gazG;jzL? arwåmul í? ay;vSLwwfjim;? vltrsm;? 2-yg; ud, k pf w d cf sr;f omap/ Ä qif;&J&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/
t&Sif od&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m) \
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wdyd#u"& "r®vufaqmif (13)
"r®;ge (tkyfa& 10000) omoem 2542 aumZm 1360 wykdYwGJv 1999 Zefe0g&Dv &efukefNrdKU? A[ef; r[m0dok'¨g½Hk ESpf 40 jynfh txdrf;trSwf
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0dok'¨g½Hk wdyd#u"& t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
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2
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
(1) tvS&wem omoem Ä þomoem? Nidrf;csrf;pGm? urÇmBuD;udk vSaponf/ Ä jrefrmüom? omoem? cdkifrmjynfhpHkonf/ Ä Ak'©0g'? jrwf"r®aMumifh? urÇmhtv,f? *kPf &nf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
3
ay;&ayonf/ Ak'¨omoemESifh aumif;aumif;awGUBuHK ol onf vl\rSeu f efaom vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf aumif;rGeaf om cHpm;cGifhtm;vHk;udk pdwfBudKuf&,lEdkifonf/ omoemh tcGit hf a&;ESihf wefz;kd udk wkid ;f wm uefo Y wfí r&Edik f ay/ vlYavmuudk ½kyf0w¬Kypönf; 1 rsdK;wnf; tvS qif½rkH Qjzifh tvSrpHv k ifyg? rNird ;f csr;f Edik yf g/ omoemh vrf;ñTefcsufw&m;yg tvSqifay;rS avmutvS pHk vifí Nidrf;csrf;rnf jzpfonf/ w&m;rygbJ ½kyf0w¬K 1 rsKd ;wnf;jzifo h m tvSqifaevQif tcsed rf a&G; rD;x awmuf aygufuGJjymusoGm;Ekdifonf/ w&m;todrygbJ ypönf;t&Sd 1 rsdK;wnf;jzifh vnf; vlYb0 rcsrf;omEdkifao;yg/ t&Sdudk todjzifh rxdef;Ekdifygu &Sdjcif;aMumifhyif yl&? aMumuf&? idk&? &efjzpf&? ponfjzifh rqHk;Ekdifaom tylrD;awGom awmufavmifaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ rodvQif t&Sdu jyefvnf Ncdrf;ajcmuforQ cHae&rnf/ xdkuJhodkYaom tylr;D rsKd ;pHu k kd Nird ;f ay;Edik af omt&mum; w&m;a&at; omwnf;/ xdNk ird ;f at;apEdik af omw&m;um; Ak'o ¨ mo
4
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
emüom twdtus tjynfht0 &Sdonf/ tdkemao qif;&JawGESifh vlrIa&; tylrsdK;pHkudk &ifqdkifawGUBuHKae Mu&aom vlwdkY\ aemufqHk;axmufwnf tm;udk; p&mum; w&m; 1 rsdK;wnf;om jzpfayonf/ owå0gwdkif csrf;omudk vdkcsifMuonf jzpfí xdv k ckd siv f aS om vlewfeAd mÁ ef 3 wefcsr;f om aumif; pGm&aMumif; w&m;aumif;rsm; 'kuv © w G af Mumif; vrf; rSefaumif;rsm;udk bk&m;&Sifu azmfxkwfay;cJh&onf/ w&m;tod wyfqifay;aom vl\rsufpdonfom tMunfhrSefí tvkyfrSefum pdwfat;&rnfjzpfonf/ cE¨mESihf ruif;Edik o f nfh pm;0wfaea&; pD;yGm;a&; vlraI &;tvkyrf sm;onf rD;&xm;blwmü acgif;wGJ r&Sd ojzifh &yfxm;&onfh vlp;D wGJ ukew f ifwGJ &xm;wJBG u;D 2-wGJESifh wlavonf/ tcsdeftwkdif;twm wpfckxd avhvmem,l rSwo f m;jcif;? tcsed t f ueft Y owf wpf ckjzifh avhusihf tm;xkwx f m;jcif;um; rD;&xm;acgif;wGJ ESifh wlonf/ or®m'dXdtodÓPf acgif;wGJESifh csdwfqufay; vdkufvQif pm;0wfaea&;&xm;wJGBuD;onf odu©m 3 yg;? r*¾if 8 yg; vrf;aMumif;twkdif; vdkufyg aygif;rd
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
5
oGm;ygonf/ jzpftdkemao blwmrsm;udk ausmfvGefNyD; edAÁmefblwmta&muf o,faqmifoGm;Edkifrnf jzpf onf/ cE¨mxrf;aqmifa&;wGJESifh w&m;wJG wpfquf wnf; wpfom;wnf; aygif;rdoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ Ak'o ¨ moemonf (0g-odum© 3 yg; w&m;onf) wpfckwnf;aom 'ku©tyl xGufaygufjzpfonf/ rqHk; Edkifatmif rsm;jym;vSaom vlrIa&; 'ku©tyl jyóem rsKd ;pHu k kd ukeMf urf;tjzpfo;kH í omoemhvyk if ef;pOfpuf xJ xnfo h ;kH vdu k v f Qif tylNird ;f aMumif; csr;f omaMumif; jzpfaom ukefacsmpGrf;tm;rsm; ay:xGufvmrnf jzpf onf/ ,aeY rsufarSmufavmuü rl;,pfaq;0g; t &ufaopmrsm;udk raumif;rSe;f odvsuf oH;k pJaG eMujcif; onf pdwu f kd arhaq;? xHak q;ay;onfo h abmom jzpf onf/ tcuftcJ rajyvnf½HkrQru tyl 1 ckudk tyl 100 yGm;,ljcif;om jzpfonf/ ao;i,faomtyludk BuD;xGm;atmif vkyfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ vlYb0cE¨m tcuftcJudk w&m;uvJGí rnfonfht&murQ ajy vnfatmif ajz&Si;f Edik pf rG ;f r&Sad cs/ oefpY ifwu d s ppfreS f aom omoemonf jrefrmjynfüom tjynfhtpHk&Sd
6
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
onf/ tpd;k &ESihf jynfo?l q&mESi'hf um? nDnmMunfjzL pGm apmifha&SmufEdkifonfh aus;Zl;aMumifhyif jzpfonf/ omoemonf at;csrf;aom bk&m;&Sif\ arwåmESv;kH om;rS ay:xGuv f mcJí h at;csr;f aom ol awmfaumif;BuD;wdkY\ arwåmESvHk;om; tqufquf jzifh o,faqmifvmcJhonf/ tat;"mwf jzpfonf/ omoemonf urÇmavmuBuD;udk Nidrf;csrf;pGm tvS qifay;onf/ omoemjyefEY o YHS avmuf Nird ;f csr;f rI wd;k yGm;vmrnf jzpfonf/ omoemESifh xdkufwefaom arwåmESvHk;om; xm;&Srd aI Mumifh jrefrmüom omoem ckid rf monf/ jynfh pHo k nf/ oefpY ifonf/ arwåmESv;kH tvSq;kH jzifh &TiNf yKH ; Munfom omoemudk 0dkif;0ef;tm;ay; csD;ajr§mufrI aMumifh urÇmt h v,fü jrefrm*kP&f nf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
7
(2) arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif Ä Ä Ä Ä
jyol-oifol? csD;ajr§mufol? pdwfwlnDñGwfMu/ oHCmESifhvl? tkyfcsKyfol? MunfjzLnDñGwfrS/ arwåmyef;cdkif? oHk;yGifhqdkif? jyefYvdIifwdk;wuf&/ omoema&mif? xGef;vif;ajymif? jrifhacgif pGrf;jynfh0/ Ä arwåmESvHk;? tvSqHk;aMumifh? &TifNyHK; Munfom wkdYjrefrm urÇmuyif armfMunhf&/ avmuü omoemay:aygufvm&ef cufcJ oavmuf bk&m;r&Sdonfhaemuf omoem ruG,f aysmufatmif apmifah &Smufxed ;f odr;f &onfh wm0efu vnf; BuD;av;vSonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufaumif; tiftm;jzifh xrf;aqmifEikd af om wm0efrsKd ; r[kwaf y/ rnfonfyh pön;f rQ ryg0ifaom paum? vifyef; (Asw)f paom ayghyg;aomt&mrsm;udk zdkcaemuf 1-vHk;? 2vH;k ay:wifí vG,u f al omfvnf; pm;zG,t f jynfx h nfh xm;onfh ',ft;dk Bu;D rsKd ;udu k m; ckid rf maom zdck aemuf (zdkcHkavmuf) 3-vHk;&SdrS wifí jzpfEkdifonf/ Ak'¨omo emonf tBu;D rm;qH;k aom tiftm;jzpfí tESpo f m&
8
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
jynf0h qH;k vnf; jzpfojzifh pdwcf eG t f m;aumif;rGef oefY pif ½dk;ajzmifhol arwåm&SifwdkY\ arwåmzdkcaemuf (zdk cHkavmuf) 3-vHk;ay:wifxm;rS wm&SnfcHrnfjzpf onf/ omoemhwm0efudk pdwfcGeftm;aumif;olrsm; om Edkifatmif o,fydk;xrf;aqmifEkdifMuonf/ jrefrmjynfü vljzpf&olrsm;onf tjcm;Ekid if rH sm; xufydkí omoemhtusdK;udk o,fydk;xrf;aqmifcGifh &Muojzifh ydkí uHaumif;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ omo emhpGrf;tm;udk rSDcdkcGifh &Muojzifhvnf; pdwf"mwf ydkrdk &ifu h suí f cHEikd &f nfprG ;f tm;rsm; &&Sx d m;MuNy;D aumif; qdk; 2 wef avmu"Hudk pdefac:&Javmufatmif pdwf "mwfBuHhcdkifolrsm; jzpfcGifh&Muonf/ avmuü vloHk;ukefypönf;rsm;onf (1) xkwf vkyfa&;? (2) xdef;odrf;a&;? (3) jzefYa0a&;tm;jzifh tydkif; 3-ydkif; tqufrjywf vnfywfay;EdkifrS vl trsm; jynh0f vHak vmufatmif oH;k aqmifciG &hf ouJo h Ykd omoemvnf; ¤if;enf;wlyif tydkif; 3 ydkif; tquf rjywf vnfywfay;Edik rf S w&m;ESix hf u kd w f efot l m;vH;k w&m;ESifh awGUum w&m;pGrf;tm;udk &&SdEkdifMurnf jzpfonf/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
9
xdk 3 yg;wdw Yk iG f omoemhxw k v f yk af &;tydik ;f rSm Ak'\ ¨ udpo ö m jzpfonf/ Ak'o ¨ nf Ak'\ ¨ udpö Ny;D qH;k oGm; jcif;aMumifhom y&dedAÁmefpHjcif; jzpfonf/ usef 2 ydkif; um; Ak'¨\udpö r[kwfawmhbJ omoemudk ,HkMunf vufcHol &[ef; &SifvlwdkY\ wm0efom jzpfonf/ xdk aMumifh omoemjyKvkyfief;[lonf (1) rdrdudk,fwdkif todw&m;
10
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
wdkY aywnf;/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh (1) omoemh0efxrf;&Sif &[ef;[laom oHCm? (2) ypönf; 4-yg; csD;ajr§muf axmufyHhol wdkif;&if;om; jynfolvltaygif;ESifh (3) EdkifiHawmftpdk;& paom tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0efcH yk*¾dKvf? þ (3) rsdK;aywnf;/ þ arwåmyef; (3) yGifh rsufESm csif;qHkum pdwfxm; MunfjzL nDñGwfpGmjzifh 0dkif;0ef; cs;D ajrm§ uf apmifah &Smuf tm;ay;jcif;aMumifo h m omo em wnfae&ayonf/ q&mESifh'umonf a&ESifhMumyrm tcsif;csif; arwåmjzifh tvSqifay;aeolrsm; jzpfonf/ a&aMumifh Mumaygufí MumaMumifah &vS ouJo h Ykd 'um\ at;jr Munfvifaom arwåma&aMumifh q&m\ oefYpifrGef jrwfat;csrf; wnfNidrfvSyaom arwåmyef; ayguf a&mufí q&m\ arwåmMumyef;aMumifhyif 'um\ arwåma&rSm ydkí xnf0gvSycGifh &avonf/ cs;D ajrm§ ufow l \ Ykd arwåm? cs;D ajrm§ ufc&H olw\ Ykd arwåmpGrf;tm;rsm;onf twGif;wGif Nidrf0yfykef;vQdK; aeMuonf r[kwfbJ t&Sdefwufum avmutwGif; xk;d azmufjyefEY v YHS suf A[d'u ¨ v kd nf; "mwfcu kd af eNro J m
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
11
jzpfonf/ &efukefNrdKU? A[ef; eE´0efvrf;? r[m0dok'¨g½Hk a&Tusifwdkufopf (ygVdwuúodkvf) ausmif;wkdufonf arwåmyef;cdkif (3) yGifhqdkifaMumifh £päo,ukef;ajr ay:0,f 1320 jynfhESpfu xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ay:ayguf vmcJí h arwåmyef; (3) yGijhf zifh tvSqifum wifw h ,f xnf0gvSypGmjzifh ESpf (40) jynfo h Ykd a&muf&v dS mcJjh cif; jzpfonf/ arwåmjynfh
12
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
vlprG ;f aumif; vkyEf idk o f al vmuf rnforl Q rpGr;f Edik af cs/ w&m;om taumif;qHk; vlpGrf;aumif; vkyfenf; jzpf onf/ Ak'¨omoemawmfonf pdwfaumif; xkwfvkyf onfhpuf? pdwfoefYpifonhfpuf? pdwftyludk tat;cH onfhpuf? ÓPfaumif; xkwfvkyfonfhpuf? pdwfysuf udk jyifonfhpufBuD; jzpfayonf/ vlcsrf;om\ tESpf csKyfrSm ]]pdwfpifMu,frI}} omwnf;/ w&m;onf jrefrmht"du xGuu f ek yf pön;f jzpfí xGufukeftqufrjywf &&Sda&;twGuf Ak'¨omoem wdusjynhf0 ckdifrmpGm wnfwHhzdkYvdkygonf/ xkdwm0ef ausyeG af &;twGuf y&d,wdpå moifwu dk rf sm; ay:ayguf a&; Mum&SnfwnfwHha&;onf ta&;tBuD;qHk; jzpfay onf/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
13
(3) pmcsyef;cdkif? at;jrvdIif 1 Ä pmayusrf;*ef? vrf;trSef? {uef uRrf;usif&/ 2 Ä tusdK;vdkum? apwem? arwåmtm;BuD;&/ 3 Ä oifjyvdkjim;? xl;jcm;vSpGm? 0goem? pdwfyg0if pm;&/ 4 Ä udk,fusdK;pGefYcGm? onf;cHum? epfemcHwwfrS/ Ä pmcsq&m? &wem? aumif;pGmjzpfvm&/ Ä pmcsyef;cdkif? at;jrvdIif? BuHhckdifpGrf;tm;&/ Ä opf 1-yifaumif;? iSufaygif;rsm;pGm? rSDcdk&modkY q&maumif;rI? pdwfMunfjzLvQif? &Sifvl&[ef; pdwfat;csrf;? rSDjirf;cdkvHI&/ Ä ESdyfuGyfxdkufol? ESdyfuGyfrl? awmfolawGUvQif csD;ajr§muf&/ Ä omoema&mif? xGef;vif;atmif? usifhaqmif &rnfh vrf;pOfjy/ Ä rawmfraumif;? tusifhapmif;? raESmif;& atmif? ESdyfuGyf&/ Ä awmfaomfaumif;aomf? pGrf;tm;ay:pifawmf aumufí csD;ajr§muf&/
14
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
Ä olu Y kd cs;D ajrm§ uf? ud, k *hf P k af jrmuf? xGe;f awmuf pGrf;tm;&/ Ä ypönf;w&m;? þ 2-yg; ay;jim;csD;ajr§muf&/ Ä xdk 2-yg;rSm? w&m;om? ay;wmjrifhjrwfvS/ Ä ypönf;ay;rl? bHkqdkif[l? &efol0dkif;í tyl&/ Ä w&m;ay;aomf? pGrf;tm;ay:? &Tifaysmftm; wuf&/ opfyif 1-yifü rsdK;aphaumif; raumif; tyif udk MunfhvQif odEdkif\/ tyifaumif;raumif; toD; tyGifhudk Munfh&onf/ q&maumif;raumif; odvdk vQifum; wynfhudk Munhfí tuJjzwf&onf/ toD;tyGiahf umif;udk tyifaumif;rS &&So d nf/ tyifaumif;udk rsdK;aphaumif;u azmfxkwfay;onf/ wynhfaumif;udkum; q&maumif;uom azmfxkwf ay;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/ rsdK;aphaumif;í tyifaumif;onf/ tyif aumif;rS toD;aumif;Ekid o f nf/ toD;aumif;rSvnf; rsdK;aphaumif;udk tqufrjywf &&SdEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ q&maumif;rSom wynhfaumif;rsm; tqufrjywf ay:xGufvmEdkifvdrfhrnf/ q&maumif;rsm; tquf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
15
rjywf &&SdEdkif&ef wnfhaumif;rsm; tqufrjywf azmf xkwfay;zdkY txl;vdktyfonf/ tajccHusí cdik rf m&ifu h suaf om tod? tusihf bufpHkjynfh0aom omoemudk vufqifhurf; o,f aqmifrnfh a'gifa'gifjrnf omoemjyK tmZmenf yk*Kd¾ vx f ;l rsm; pOfqufrjywf ay:aygufvmatmif azmf xkwfay;EdkifolwdkYum; y&d,wdåpmoifwkdufBuD;rsm;&Sd t&nftcsi;f jynf0h onfh pmcsq&mawmfrsm;om jzpf onf/ pnf;urf;pepfjzifh odyfonf;uspfvpfpGm tkyf csKyfí omoemhpuf,EÅ&m;udk aeYpOfyHkrSef vnfywf ay;aeaom y&d,wdåpmoifwkdufBuD;rsm;onf pHcsdefrD omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfrsm; xkwfvkyfay;aeaom XmeBuD; rsm; jzpfonf/ EkdifiH 1-ck\ tEÅ&m,f umuG,fa&;twGuf vufeufaumif;&Sdaom ppfol&Jaumif;rsm;udk ta&; wBu;D vdt k yfouJo h Ykd omoem\ tEÅ&m,f umuG,f a&;twGuv f nf; y&d,wdv å ufeufaumif; &Sad om y&d ,wdt å mZmenf ol&aJ umif;rsm;udk txl;vdt k yfvaS y onf/ xdky&d,wdåol&Jaumif;rsm;udk y&d,wdåpmoif wdkufrsm;uom azmfxkwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/
16
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
omoemhopfyifBu;D ü y&d,wdo å nf a&aomuf jrpfjzpf\/ y#dywådonf yifpnftudkif;tcufwnf;/ y#da0"um; toD;tyGifh jzpfonf/ ypönf; 4-yg; a& vHak vmufatmif&rS omoemhopfyif &Sio f efrnf jzpf onf/ pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf y&d,wdpå moifwu dk \ f t"du trmcHtiftm;rsm; jzpfonf/ omoemtwGuf wu,ftm;udk;&aom pmcsq&mawmfonf (1) y&d ,wådpmayusrf;*efudk vrf;rSeftwdkif; ESHYpyfuRrf;usif wwfajrmuf&onf/ (2) trsm;tusdK;udk wu,fvkd vm;í wynfrh sm;udk wwfajrmufuRr;f usiaf pvdak om apwem arwåmtm;Bu;D &onf/ (3) rdrw d wfuRr;f em; vnfxm;onfh y&d,wdåtwwfynmudk wynfhrsm; wwfodem;vnfatmif oifjyay;vdkaom 0goemt xHk&Sd&onf/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rI &Sd&onf/ (4) udk,fusdK;udk pGefYí onf;cHcGifhvTwf tepfemcHEdkif &onf/ vrf;jyaumif;onfh pmcsq&m &wemaumif; jzpf&ef tvGecf ufcv J o S nf/ pdwaf umif; pmwwfonfh tusifhjrwfocif pmcst&Sifrsm;udk &&Sdygrlum; opf 1-yifaumif;vQif iSuf 1-aomif;cdk&ouJhodkY &Sifvl
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
17
&[ef; pdwfat;csrf;pGm rSDjirf;cdkvdIcGifh&avonf/ arwåm&Sif pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf pmoifwkdufudk xnf0gapaom tvS&wemrsm; jzpfonf/ pmoifwdkufrsm;onf 1-yGJwdk; &ufwdkoifwef; Xmersm; r[kwb f J ESpEf iS chf sí D ZGv J v YkH Bu;D rm;pGm BuKd ;pm; &aom ESp&f n S pf rD u H ed ;f vkyif ef;Xmersm; jzpfonf/ pm oifwdkuftwGif; vrf;ñTeftkyfcsKyf oifjyydkYcsay;ae aom a&SUaqmifvrf;jy pmcstm;vH;k onf txl;uRr;f usif&onf/ txl; pdwf0ifpm;&onf/ txl; Ekd;Mum; wuf
18
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
oGm;&m udk,fygNyD; vGifhpifysufpD;oGm;Edkifonf/ vSyarT;BuKd io f nfh yef;yGiu hf av;rsm;onf vSy cdik cf o hH nfh oDwBH uKd ;uav;jzifh oDu;kH ay;vdu k v f Qif av wkduf&mrvGifhawmhbJ tqif;&Sdoavmuf vSyEkdifí teHY&Sdoavmuf arT;ysHUEdkifonf/ tvScsif;vnf;qHk teHYcsif;vnf; pkyHkí ydkívnf;vS ydkívnf;arT;um cefYnm;xnf0g usufoa&wdk;Edkifonf/ xdkYtwl pmoifom; yef;yGifhuav;rsm;onf pnf;urf;oDwHBudK;jzifh xdef;ausmif;yJhjyif oDuHk;ay;rS wm&Sncf NH y;D vSyxnf0gEdik Mf urnf jzpfonf/ pnf;urf; onf vludk csKyfcs,fxm;jcif; r[kwf/ vSywifhw,f xnf0gatmif tvSqifay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ omo em\ toufonf pnf;urf;om jzpfojzifh tppt &m&m pnf;urf;&SdrSvnf; omoem oefY&Sif;wnfwHh jyefYyGm;Edkifrnf jzpfonf/ pmoifwkduf\t&dyfonf arwåmjzpfonf/ pm csq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdt&dyfudk vmcdkvHIMuonfh wynfhpmoifom;rsm;tay: BuD;rm;vHkNcHKat;jronfh arwåm&dyfudk tpOfay;xm;Mu&onf/ arwåmudk axmufuefxm;onfh cEDÅvnf; tm;aumif;atmif
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
19
avhusix hf m;&onf/ cEDEÅ iS hf arwåmr&Sv d Qif p½du k af ygif; pHk vlaygif;pHk pdwx f m;aygif;pHu k kd pkNyKH tyk cf sKyaf e&aom pmoifwu kd \ f tvSysuo f mG ;Edik o f nf/ tukov kd t f yl yHkMum;xJrS ylylavmifavmif ajcmufajcmufuyfuyf pdwaf eusO;f usypf mG jzifh t"dygÜ ,f uif;rJo h mG ;Ekid o f nf/ pmoifwdkuf\ *kPfusufoa&onf y&d,wdå pmayjzpfonf/ wpfomoemvHk;udk wm0ef,l tmrcH NyD; tvSqifay;&aom tvkyfjzpfonf/ pmcsq&m awmfrsm;onf pmoifom;rsm; y&d,wfpmay uRrf; usifatmif rdrdwwfodorQ ydkYcsoifjyay;Mu&onf/ jzpfEkdifvQif rdrdxufyif omvGefxl;cRefoGm;atmif arwåm apwem BuD;BuD;rm;rm;xm;NyD; BudK;pm;oifjy ay;Mu&onf/ pmoifom;rsm;xHrS rnfonft h &mudrk Q arQmv f ifch surf xm;bJ pmayudv k nf; oifjy? ypön;f udk vnf; ay;urf;csD;jr§ifh? aeenf;xkdifenf; pnf;pepfus atmifvnf; vrf;ñTef? pdwfaepdwfxm;wwfatmif vnf; oGefoifí rsufcsnfrjywf apmifha&Smufay;ae Mu&onf/ omoemhvkyfief;pOfonf todESifh tusifh t csif;csif; tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKae&onf/ pmod y&d
20
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
,wfudk usifhod y#dywfjzifh toufoGif;í tvSqif ay;&onf/ usio hf yd #dywfukd pmody&d,wfjzifh rwdr;f apmif;atmif xde;f ausmif;ay;&onf/ y#dywfrygaom y&d,wfonf (tusifhrygaom todonf) todw &m;rsm; aoí ajcmufuyfBuD; jzpfoGm;Edkifonf/ y&d ,wf rygaom y#dywfonfvnf; wdrf;yg;cRwfacsmf oGm;Edkifonf/ q&maumif;jzpfvdkvQif wynhfaumif;jzpf atmif BudK;pm;Mu&pNrJjzpfonf/ pmoifwdkufwdkif;ü (1) rwnft h wlaeoabmrsKd ; r&Sad pbJ? arwåmw&m; jzifh aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUpGm rdom;pk pdwf"mwfxm;um t wlvufwGJaexdkifa&;? (2) tqifhrrDao;ol? tcuf tcJBuHKae&olrsm;udk u½kPmjzifh az;r? ulnFapmifh a&Smufa&;? (3) wu,fawmfol aumif;olrsm;udk vuf raES;bJ rk'dwmjzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om *kPfwifcsD; ajr§mufa&;? (4) rawmfraumif; wdrf;apmif;oGm;ol tjypf&Sdolrsm;udk pdwfqdk;rI? ylavmifrkef;wD;rI? ryg0if apbJ Oayu©mjzifh at;jrpGm jypf'Pfay;a&;[laom jA[®0[ d m&vrf;pOf (4) csuu f kd csrw S u f m vdu k ef musihf oHk;Mu&ygonf/ tjypf&Sdoludk 'Pfwyf&müyif a'go
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
21
tylukd ryg0ifap&yg/ ud, k u f taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif jyKvkyfulnDay;ygvsuf rvdkufemEdkifvQif olYuHESifh ol omjzpfí at;jrpGm MunfvifpmG vufvw T ½f o kH m &Syd g onf/ pmcsq&mawmfrsm;onf wynhpf moifom;rsm; tay:üomru rdrdwdkYudk omoemhtvkyf tm;xkwf Edkifatmif rdbyrm arwåmapwemxm;í ypönf; (4) yg; vSL'gef;axmufyHh tm;ay;aeMuaom tvSL&Sif 'um? 'umrrsm;tay:üvnf; at;jraom arwåm "mwfudk tpOfjzefYa0 vTrf;NcHKxm;&ygonf/ pdwfjzifh vnf; arwåm"mwf pdrfh0ifjyefYESHYaeatmif jzefYay;ae& ouJhodkY udk,fEIwfjzifhvnf; arwåmoabmudk tNrJ aqmifae&ygonf/ vlcsi;f awGUvQif avmupum;rsm; jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ b0aeenf; toHk;csenf; vrf; ñTefw&m;rsm;udkom ajymjyoifhygonf/ wwfodem; vnfatmif vlYb0&cdkuf ukodkvf,lwwfatif tcg tm;avsmfpGm a[majymay;&onf/ pma&;ívnf; vrf;ñTefay;Mu&ygonf/ udk,fht&dyfudk vHkavmuf atmif ay;&ygonf/
22
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
(4) pmoifyef;cdkif arT;jyefYBudKif Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä 1/ Ä 2/ Ä 3/ Ä 4/ Ä Ä Ä
EGm;arT;yrm? rsm;vSpGm? ynmoifMum;Mu/ xl;cRefolum;? OD;csdKvm;? &Sm;yg;&cJvS/ ynm&Smawmif;? vltaygif;? taMumif;nDcpJ mG / uH-ÓPf-qE´? vHkYv-usef;rm? q&m-tm;ay;? aMumif;nDa&;? raES;vdktyfvS/ pdwEf idk o f avmuf? pGr;f tm;a&muf? xGe;f awmuf ay:vm&/ jyXmef;csufpHk? pGrf;tm;xHk? tukefBudK;pm;&/ tMum;r&Sd? pGrf;tm;jynhf&ef? pdwftm;oef? rSefrSefBudK;pm;&/ umv&SnfMum? BudK;pm;um? vGefpGmZGJ&Sd&/ tvkyfav;pm;? ½dkaojim;? pGrf;tm; vGefwuf rowå0gvnf;? vdk&mudkajy;? a&mufEikd af o;\/ OD;acgif;ryg ykpeG (f *Pef;)rSm vnf;? vdk&mudkajy;? a&mufEdkifao;\/ ighrSm vufajc? pHkvifayrJh? wpfaxGOD;acgif; jynfhpHk
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
23
a&Smif;cJh? taygif;t*Fg pHkvifygaomf? vdk&m yef;wdkif? igvSrf;udkif? tEdkif&zdkYaocsmvS/ Ä Muufwla&G;yif? pum;oifay;? ajymwwfao; \/ arsmufuav;yif? vlwdkYoifay;? uwwf ao;\/ igum; vlom;? igvlom;wnf;? vl om;wdkYrmef? vHkYvoefí? ÓPf&nfudkjyK ZGJjzifh wkaomf? þvljY ynfrmS rpGr;f &m? b,f[mr&SMd u/ ,aeYtcg pmoifom;i,fuav;rsm;onf aemiftem*wfü omoemudk OD;aqmifMurnfh q&m awmfBu;D rsm; jzpfvmMuvdrrhf nf/ q&maumif; jzpfvkd vQif wynfhaumif; jzpfatmif BudK;pm;&NrJjzpfonf/ taumif; 1-ck jzpfvm&ef taMumif;aygif;pHpk í k tcsed f aygif;rsm;pGm ay;NyD; ZGJ&Sd&Sd BudK;pm;&onf/ ynma&;avmuü qd½k ;kd pum; 1-ck&o dS nf/ ]]pm oif EGm;arG;? pmwwf EGm;OD;csdK}} [lí jzpfonf/ EGm; 1-aumifü tarG;rsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf; OD;csdKum; 2acsmif;wnf;om&So d nf/ xdt Yk wl ynmoifMum;olrsm; EGm;arG;avmufrsm;jym;Muaomfvnf; wu,fxl;cRef aygufa&mufwwfajrmufolum; EGm;OD;csdKtvm; t vGefenf;yg;vSacsonf/
24
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
ynm&SmazGoifMum;&mü taMumif;nDzdkY cufcJ vSonf/ taMumif;vHkavmufjynhfpHkrS EGm;csdKyrm xl; cReo f rl sm; jzpfciG &hf Edik Mf uonf/ (1) twdwu f o k v kd u f H aumif;&onf/ (2) qkdif&mtwwfESifh xdkufwefaom xufjrufxl;cRefaom uHt&if;cHonfh ÓPfvnf;&Sd &onf/ (3) wwfajrmufuRr;f usif vdck siv f o S nfh qE´ aumif;vnf; xufoefpmG xm;&S&d onf/ (4) &nfreS ;f csuf yef;wdkifta&muf ydkYaqmifay;Edkifaom Edk;Mum; wuf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
25
aom taMumif;rsm; nDñGwfjynfhpHkrS xl;cRefEdkifMu onf/ pdwfEdkifoavmufom pGrf;tm;a&mufí xGef; awmufjrifhrm;EdkifMuonf/ ynmvdkvm; pmoifom;onf (1) tydkif;vdkuf qdkif&mjyXmef;csuftm;vHk;udk tcsdefrD BudK;pm;Edkif&ef vHak vmufaom tcsed &f &Sad &;twGuf tcsed u f kd BuKd wif cJaG 0xm;&rnf/ (2) a&SUtodEiS hf aemuftod qufpyf rdatmif a&SUtodu aemuftodtm; aus;Zl;jyKae atmif tqufrjywf BuKd ;pm;Edik &f rnf/ (3) uefo Y wf csed f (yef;0ifcsed )f ra&mufrcsi;f &Snv f sm;aom y&d,wdå c&D;udk ZJG&Sd&Sd BudK;pm;Ekdifaom owdå&Sd&rnf/ (4) y&d ,wåv d yk if ef;twGi;f pdwu f kd ESpjf rK§ yí f (tcsed yf if ukef rSe;f rod&avmufatmif) vkyif ef;tay: pdwyf g0ifpm; av;pm;rI &S&d rnf/ þenf;vrf; (4) oG,t f wkid ;f vdu k f emEdkifvQif {uef ynm
26
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
&rnf/ (2) w&m;ESifhxdkufwefaom rdrdpGrf;&nf? rdrd ESix hf u dk w f efaom w&m;pGr;f &nfukd ,HMk unfr[ I al om "mwfBuKd ;yrm qufo, G rf t I m;aumif;&rnf/ (3) owd txdef;jzifh tqufrjywf rSefuefpGm tm;xkwfrI [l aom 0D&d,cvkwfudk ESdyfay;Edkif&rnf/ (4) owdESifh wJGaom 0D&d,onf orm"dudk jzpfapEkdifonfjzpfí orm"du ynmtm; aus;Zl;jyKonfjzpf&um; ynmrD; a&mifvif;vmrnf {uefjzpfonf/ ykxZk Ofonf ud, k t hf ay: MoZmanmif;onfh t xdef;? wGef;tm;? vrf;ñTef tNrJ&SdaerS wdk;wufBuD;yGm; Edik \ f / y&d,wdpå moifwu dk f zGiv hf pS w f nfaxmifí y&d owfjzifh pkpnf;aexdkifjcif;onf ta&twGufxuf aumif;aom t&nftaoG;udk vdck sií f om jzpfonf/ omoemhqefaumif;udk vdck sií f omoemhpufxJ xnfh Budwfay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf zJGonf zJGomjzpf &onf/ ok*wd edAmÁ ef oGm;&rnfh y&d,wdaå jryHu k m;csyf raysmufatmif xdef;aejcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ pmoifom;onf vSyarT;BudKifaom yef; 1-cdkif jzpfojzifh pnf;urf;jzifh tvSqifí arwåm&eHu Y kd arT; ysHUBudKifvdIifatmif jzefYae&rnf jzpfonf/ arwåm&dyf
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
27
ay;í tkycf sKyv f rf;ñTeaf y;onfh q&morm;udk arwåm jzifh wHkYjyefaus;Zl;qyf&rnf/ ypönf;xkyfBuD;rsm; ay;rS q&morm;udk aus;Zl;qyfonf[k ac:onfr[kwf/ q&morm;rsm;onf xdkypönf;xkyfBuD;rsm;udk vHk;0 rrufarm? vHk;0 arQmfvifhcsufrxm;? vrf;ñTefcsufudk at;jrMunfvifpmG vufcv H u kd ef monfh arwåmudo k m q&mrsm;u wynfx h rH S awmifw h vdv k m; tm;xm;Mu onf/ oufryhJ pön;f rsm;jzifh omoemudk jyí rjzpfyg/ oufro hJ nf trSwt f om;ESihf toH;k taqmifom jzpf onf/ ouf&SdtpGrf;jzifhom omoemudk jyEdkifonf/ pmoifom; oHCy&dowfonf ausmif;wku d \ f tvS? ausmif;wkduf\jywdkuf jzpfonf/ apwDykxdk; bk&m; ausmif;uefrsm;udk omoemh txdrf;trSwftjzpf t ouf*kPfoGif;ay;aeMuonfrSm ouf&Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ w&m;pGrf;tm;omwnf;/ ÓPf&Sdol ouf&SdpGrf;tm; aMumifh oufr0hJ w¬Krsm; vSyí tzd;k wefMuonf/ ouf rJh0w¬KaMumifh ÓPf&Sdol ouf&Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm; pGrf;tm;&&Sd wdk;wufMu&onf/ avmuü aumif;aom *kPf 1-ckukd &&S&d ef ESpf
28
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
ESichf sí D tcsed rf sm;pGm,lNy;D raerem; BuKd ;pm;Mu&onf/ odaYk omf *kPu f awmh ajz;ajz; ajz;ajz;om a&mufvm wwfonf/ *kPfysufzdkY? tjypf&zdkYtwGufum; tcsdef rsm;rsm; ray;&/ csucf si;f yif jyefo Y mG ;wwfonf/ *kPf wufcsifvdkY wpfoufvHk; cJxm;aomfvnf; *kPfysuf csifawmh wpf&ufwnf;jzifh tukefygoGm;wwfonf/ odjYk zpfí *kP&f zdYk BuKd ;pm;&oavmuf *kPrf ysuaf tmif xde;f xm;&onfh wm0efuvnf; Bu;D av;vSacsonf/ tysif;ESifh tzsif;aemufu jypf'Pfrsm;onf xyfcsyrf uGm yl;uyfvu kd af eMuonf/ awmfol aumif; ol\ a&SUrSmum; qkvmbfrsm;u tNrv J ufurf;BuKd qkd aeMuonf/ pmoifwu kd \ f oGm;aeaomvrf;pOfum; þtwdkif;om jzpfonf/ ESdyfuGyfxdkufoludk ESdyfuGyfí cs;D ajrm§ ufxu kd o f u l kd cs;D ajrm§ ufay;&jcif;onfyif omo emjyKtvkyf\ t½dk;cHvrf;aMumif; jzpfayonf/ twdwfuHudk t&if;tESD;vkyfí ÓPf0D&d,udk rxdefrcsef xkwfoHk;Edkifolrsm;onf xl;jcm;aom vl jzpfonf/ uH½kyfudk ÓPftvkyfjzifh tvSqif&rnf/ omoemhvrf;aMumif;ay:a&mufvQif (t*FkvdrmvtZmwowfrif;-taomurif;ponfwu Ykd o hJ )Ykd vlru kd f
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
29
rsm;yif emrnfaumif;udk jyefvnf&&SdEdkifMuonf/ vlY cE¨m puf,EÅ&m;onf txl;qef;qHk;pGrf;tm;jzpfí pufukd aeYwikd ;f ppfaq;ay;aezdYk txl;vdt k yfonf/ uH rsufvHk;wGif ÓPfrsufvHk; wyfqifay;&rnf/ ÓPf rsuv f ;kH &Srd o S m ud, k [ hf mud, k f qH;k rwwfonf/ aysm&f m rSm raebJ awmf&m (oifhavsmf avsmufywf&m) ü aewwfatmif avhusiahf y;&rnf/ jymxJ zHx k rJ mS aysmf onfhacG;onf arGU,m aumfaZmay: odyf&cuf\/ udavomESihf aysmaf ompdwo f nf w&m;tm½Hak y: wif &cufonf/ &Si&f [ef;rsm;onf bk&m;\w&m;udk taMumif; jyKí ouFef;0wfvmcJhMuojzifh bk&m;\&ifESpfonf; csm om;t&if;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ rnfou l rkd Q aMumufí tm;emí 0wfcJhMuonfr[kwfbJ udk,fh[mudk,f o abmus qH;k jzwfí ud, k o hf abmESiu hf , kd f 0wfcMhJ ujcif; om jzpfonf/ omoemESifh xdkufwefíom 0wfEdkif jcif;jzpfí xkdufwefíom ouFef;0wfjzifh aeEdkifMu jcif; jzpfonf/ &Sif&[ef;b0onf o'¨gw&m;jzifh &yf wnf&onfjzpfí o'¨gw&m;udk jzKwfvdkufvQif &Sif &[ef;\aep&m ae&mr&Sad wmhacs/ trSet f m;jzifh om
30
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
oemyifv,fBuD;onf bkef;uH? o'¨g? ynm ponf BuD;rm;onfh BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfolwdkY\ ae&mom jzpf onf/ tzd;k wef0w¬Konf wefz;kd odot l wGuo f m tzd;k wefpNrJ/ Ak'¨omoem = Ak'¨&wemESifh awGUolonf uH taumif;qH;k jzpfonf/ ypöKyeÜ b f 0? vuf&ydS pön;f &w emrsm;onf rdrdudk wpfb0om t0auR;Edkifrnf/ wpfb0twGufyif raocsm/ Ak'¨&wemonf um; edAmÁ eftxd t0auR;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ todpw d f ESifh w&m;rxdawGUvQif &Sif&[ef;b0onf ysif;p&m? aMumufp&m? taumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ todpdwfESifh w&m;xdawGUcGi&hf vQiu f m; &Si&f [ef;b0om aysmpf &m tm;udk;p&m taumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ avmu vmb ouúm&rsm;onf &Sif&[ef;\ wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom Nidrf;csrf;rIudk zsufqD;ypfwwf onfudk txl;owdjyKwwf&onf/ avmuü bk&m; w&m;avmuf bmwpfckrQ txifBuD;p&mr&Sdyg/ &Sif &[ef;rsm;onf pm;zdkYtvkyfvkyfaeMuonf r[kwfbJ tvkyfvkyfzdkYom pm;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/ olawmfrS udk,fu aumif;&rnfr[kwfbJ? olawmfatmif udk,f
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
31
u aumif;jyae&aom olawmfaumif;b0 tppf vnf; jzpfonf/ pmoifom; &Si&f [ef;rsm;\ pmay y&d,wfvyk f ief;[lonf trsK;d rSef ausmufrsu&f wemudk tzd;k wef tqifah &mufatmif wl;azmfaoG;ay;ae&aom tvkyf jzpfonf/ aumif;aumif;aexdik jf cif;jzifh wpfomoem vHk;udk *kPfjyKae&aom b0vnf; jzpfonf/ pmay todonf y#dywf tusifhjzifh toufoGif;í tvS qifay;rS xnf0g vSy&Sio f efonf/ tusiyhf #dywfryg vQif w&m;aomufa&yH;k Bu;D udk tem;rSmxm;Ny;D udav om tnpftaMu;rsm;jzifh ylavmifnpfywfum w&m; a& qmavmif iwfjywfaernfom jzpfonf/ odu©m 3-jzm omoemudk ud, k yf ikd &f atmif usiahf om wu,fh omoemydkif tppfrsm; jzpfatmif BudK;pm;jr§ifhwifay; ae&rnf/ y&d,wfonf wm0efausvQif pmtkyfxJodkY jyefomG ;wwfonfh tiSm;wm0efjzpfwwfí y#dywfom udk,fydkiftvkyfjzpfonf/ q&mrsm;u ]]vkyfrvkyf? [kwfr[kwf}} 2-csuf om vrf;ñTefapmifhMuyfEdkifNyD; udk,fydkif todjzifh w u,ftm;xkwaf &;rSm pmoifom;wd\ Yk wm0efom jzpf
32
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
onf/ ud, k Ef iS x hf u kd w f efíom vky&f aomtvkyjf zpfí wu,fvkyfvQif {uefjzpfvm&rnfomwnf;/ ajc axmufrygonfh a>r? OD;acgif;rygonfh ykpGef(*Pef;) onfyif vd&k ma&mufatmif ajy;Ekid af o;vQif vufajc OD;acgif; jynfhpHkaom rdrdrSm vkyfvQif tb,frSm rjzpfEikd b f J &S&d rnfenf;/ Muufwal &G;yif vlwo Ykd ifay; u pum;ajymwwfao;vQi?f arsmufuav;yif oifjy ay;ol&Sdu uwwfao;vQif? vltppfvnf;jzpf &Sif &[ef;vnf;jzpfaom rdrt d wGuf enf;rSev f rf;rSef BuKd ; pm;vQif tb,frSm ratmifjrifbJ &SdygtHhenf;/ pmoifom;wynhfrsm;onf pmcs q&mrsm;\ vrf;ñTerf u I kd arwåmjzifh vufcí H tpOfrjywf arwåm "mwfjzifh vTr;f NcKH wek jYf yefae&rnfjzpfonf/ todynm omru tvdrm® udyk g arwåmjzifh ay;a0aeonfh q&m tm; arwåmw&m;jzifh aus;Zl;qyfrS aus>yefayvdrfh rnf/ rdrdwdkY pmayynmudk aMumifhMur&Sd at;csrf; ajzmifhwef;pGm oif,ltm;xkwfEdkifatmif arwåma&SU xm;um rdbyrm ypönf; 4-yg;jzifh csD;ajr§mufapmifh a&SmufaeMuaom 'um'umrrsm;udkvnf; arwåm
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
33
vTrf;NcHK aus;Zl;*kPfudk wkefYjyefay;Mu&rnf jzpfonf/ tcgtm;avsmfpGmvnf; vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm; tenf; i,fpD ajymMum;ay;&rnf/ tvSL&Sif auseyfMunfvif arwåmouf0ifatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf usifhoHk;ae xdkif&rnfjzpfonf/ tvSLU&Sif Munfvifatmif rae vQif MunfjzLpGmay;vSLonfh olYypönf;udk 'jr('g;jy) wdkuf,lonfESifh wlaevdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf ta&;BuHK vQif &Sif&[ef;udkom tm;udk;Mu&onf/ tm;udk;&avmufatmif avhusifhxm;rS udk,fh wm0efausrnfjzpf\/ rdrdcE¨monf arwåmxyfqifh xkwfqifhxkwfvTifhonfh puf½HkozG,f jzpfojzifh pGrf; tm;xufjrufí oefY&Sif;aezdkY txl;vdktyfonf/ arwåmjzifh om,mpdkajy0ajymatmif wnfaxmifzef wD;xm;aom arwåmavmuudk wPSmu 0ifa&muf zsufqD;ypfwwfonfudkvnf; txl;owdjyK&rnf jzpf\/ pmoifwdkuftwGif; xdk;pnf? xdk;armif;? oH acsmif;? acgif;avmif;? wHk;acgufoHrsm;onf r*Fvm tcgay; q&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ pmoifom;rsm;\ todpw d u f kd wuf
34
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
awmfcsed rf sm;wnf;? tcsed ef m&Donf wm0efaus\/ vl rsm;aemufukd vdu k í f em;csed ?f pm;csed ?f tdycf sed yf if ray; MubJ vlaY vmutwGuf vnfywfvyI &f mS ;ay;Muonf/ olwrYkd mS ysi;f csed rf &S?d cdu k yfrv I ;kH 0r&S?d tcsed jf ynhf tvkyf vkyo f nf/ tcsed ef m&D? wm0efausaomaMumifo h m wd usaom tcsed u f kd od&onf/ xdt Yk wl omoemü q&mh wm0ef? wynfhwm0ef? 'umwm0ef? wduspGm ausyGef MuvQif arwåmyef; 3-ckdifjzifh tvSqifaeMuvQif Ak'¨ omoem jrefrmhajray:rS raysmufuG,fEdkifao;yg/ urÇmodkYyif wpfpwpfp jyefYyGm;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ (5) tvSLtpGrf; arwåmyef; Ä avmursufjrif? ysm;ESifh,if? EdIif;,SOfMunfh EkdifMu/ Ä ,ifaumifyrm? ½IwfaxG;pGm? aumif;wm rpku/ Ä cka&maemifyg? ylavmifum? csrf;omqHk;½HI;&/ Ä ysm;aumifyrm? ajzmifhrSefpGm? aumif;wm pkxm;rS/ Ä cka&maemifyg? at;jrum? csrf;om&EdkifMu/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
35
1/ Ä wdusav;euf? cH,lcsuf? jrifhwufwlnD&/ 2/ Ä pnf;urf;opöm? apmifhxdef;um? ajzmifhpGm BudK; pm;&/ 3/ Ä udk,fhusKd;pGefYcGm? ay;urf;um? epfemcHwwfrS/ 4/ Ä todrSefuef? ynmÓPf? a0zefEdIif;csdef&/ Ä 4-rsKd ;&Sv d Qi?f pGr;f tm;&Si?f atmifjrifw;kd wuf&/ Ä trsm;aygif;pk? þ 4-ck? a&S;½InDñGwf&/ Ä cka&maemifyg? at;jrum? aumif;pGmawGUqH&k / Ä owd-ynm? csdefoD;rSm? aumif;pGmwyfxm;rS/ Ä vHkYv-o'¨g? vufwHrSm? rSefpGmvnfywfMu/ Ä vl\pGrf;tm;? jrwfw&m;? pdwfxm;aumif;rS &EkdifMu/ Ä tvSLtpGrf;? arwåmyef;? &Tifvef;tm;wuf&/ o'¨g ynm arwåm a&SUoGm;jyKí ypön;f udk vuf xJrS vTwfí tvSLcHxHta&muf wGef;ydkYay;Edkifaom xufoefxl;jcm;vSonfh apwempGrf;tm;onf t&Sdef t0g Bu;D rm;vSonf/ omoemudk oef&Y iS ;f wnfwjhH yefY yGm;atmif aus;Zl;jyKEikd af om pGr;f tm;jzpfonf/ ypö,m Ek*[ ¾ 'geudk vufvw T v f u kd o f nfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf om oem uG,faysmufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
36
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
avmuü vlYtzGJU 2-rsdK; &Sd\/ ,ifaumifESifh wlaomvl? ysm;aumifEiS hf wlaomvlwaYkd ywnf;/ ,if aumifrsm;onf trsm;aygif;pkí aewwfMuaomf vnf; (1) trsKd ;twGuf cH,Ol ;D wnfcsuf r&S?d trsKd ;udk rcspf? (2) pnf;urf;r&Sd? trsm;tay: opömr&Sd? (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs tepfemcH pGev Yf w T rf rI &S?d (4) obm0tod w&m;r&Sd? wpf½kef;½kef; wpftHk;tHk;jzifh BuHK&moGm; BuHK &mem; BuKH &mpm;í t"dymÜ ,fuif;rJph mG jzifh ylavmif½yI f axG;pGm aeMuonf/ ,ifaumifü tqdyfr&Sdaomf vnf; tqdyfxufaMumufzdkYaumif;onfh pnf;urf; opömrJrh aI Mumifh rnforl Q t,Ht k Munf r&SMd uacs/ ,if rem;atmif zHk;xm;Muonf/ em;vQifajcmufypfMu onf/ ,ifem;pmudk rpm;bJ a&SmifMuonf/ ,if aumifudk okwfoifz,f&Sm;ypf&rnfhtEÅ&m,faumif tjzpfom jrifMuonf/ xdkYtwl (1) trsdK;bmom omoemtwGuf cH ,lO;D wnfcsurf &So d ?l rdrEd iS hf trsKd ;udk rcspo f ?l (2) pnf; urf;opömr&Sdol? (3) cJGa0toHk;cscsifhcsdefwdkif;wm qHk; jzwfEikd af om todynmr&So d o l nf ,ifaumifyrm ½Iyf axG;pGm aeaomvljzpfonf/ rdro d w l yg; avmu om
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
37
oemudk tvSqifEdkifpGrf;r&SdbJ trsm;udk ylavmif atmif vkyrf w d wfonf/ &Smvdu k &f vdu k f ukeo f mG ;vdu k ?f tukefpm&if;omjyí t&pm&if;ESifh tvSpm&if; rjy Edik b f J wpfb0ukeo f mG ;wwfonf/ ud, k u f olu Y rkd ,H?k olu ud, k u hf rkd ,H?k ud, k u f olu Y pkd w d rf cs? olu ud, k u hf kd pdwfrcs? oHo,rsm; tylyGm;umom aeMu&onf/ xdo k rl sKd ;udk ypön;f rnfrQyif aygrsm;jynfph akH pumrl rnf olrQ wefbdk;rxm;? rav;pm;Mu/ vl&mroGif; tm; rud;k Mu/ xdo k rl sm;onf ypöKyeÜ üf vnf; &So d m&Sí d rcsr;f omMu/ aemifa&;pdwaf t;p&mudv k nf; rvkyjf zpfMu/ rdrdtwGuf *kPf,lzG,f[lí bmrQjyp&mr&Sd/ vlYpGrf; tm;ESifh vlYtvSudk r&EdkifMu/ ysm;aumifrsm;onf trsm;aygif;pkí aewwf Mu&m (1) trsKd ;twGuf cH,Ol ;D wnfcsu&f o dS nf/ trsKd ; udk cspo f nf/(2) pnf;urf;&So d nf/ trsm;tay:opöm &So d nf/ (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs tepfemcH pGev Yf w T rf &I o dS nf/ rdom;pkpdwf"mwf&Sdonf/ (4) obm0 todw&m;&Sd onf/ ysm;aumifü tqdy&f adS omfvnf; pnf;urf;opöm &Sdí ajzmifhrwfrIaMumifh trsm;\,HkMunfpdwfcsrIudk cH,&l onf/ ysm;\vrf;pOfpepfukd oabmusí vlt
38
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
rsm;u ysm;arG;jrLa&;vkyfMuonf/ ysm;aumifpkxm; aom ysm;&nfukd aq;tjzpf ,HMk unfpw d cf spmG oH;k pGMJ u onf/ ysm;aumifonf ysm;&nftwkudk rvkyfwwf/ tppfudkom jyKvkyfazmfxkwfwwfonf/ ysm;&nfppfppfrppf pdppfar;jref;Mujcif;onf ysm;aumifukd r,Hí k r[kwyf g/ rormaom (,ifaumifEiS w hf al om) vlrsm; udk r,HkMuíom pdppfar;jref;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ ysm;aumifonf obm0todw&m;&Sdonf/ pnf;urf;opöm&Sdí emrnfaumif;udk xdef;Edkifonf/ ,ifaumifrsm;uJhodkY tckpm;csifrS tckx&SmMuonf r[kwb f J BuKd wif&mS azGpak qmif;Muonf/ rcdrk uyf nD nDñw G ñ f w G f tvkyv f yk Mf uonf/ rnfonfyh sm;aumif rQ tysif;xl tyg;cdkum rormpdwfjzifh vrf;ab;t rdu I x f rJ S r[kww f ,kwt f ykyrf sm;udk o,f,rl vmcJyh g/ csKd Nred af umif;jrwfaom ysm;&nfuo kd m &,lvMkd uojzifh tm;vH;k yef;yGi&hf &dS m oGm;Muonf/ ysm;aumifrsm;onf pnf;urf;opömrJrh jI zifh emrnfysurf cHMuyg/ aumif;wm udkom pkjcif;? BudKwifpkjcif;? nDñGwfjcif;? pnf;urf; opöm&Sdjcif;wdkYjzifh emrnfaumif;udk xdef;xm;EkdifMu onf/ yef;0wf&nfpkyf,ljcif;aMumifh yef;yGifhtvS r
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
39
ysufpD;ap&/ vdk&myef;0wf&nfudk pkyf,lí tHk&Sd&mt a&muf opöm&Sd&Sd o,faqmifMuonf/ rormpdwfjzifh udk,f&Smwmudk wdwfwdwfcdk;pm;rypf/ trsm;csrf;om a&;udk OD;pm;ay;onf/ tHx k aJ &mufawmhvnf; abmif wHwikd ;f cwfrxm;/ usO;f ajrmif;pdwrf &S/d ]]ig&Smwm rif; wdv Yk pJ m;MuayghumG / rif;wd&Yk mS wm igvnf; pm;rSmaygh/ wdu Yk wpfro d m;pkwnf;twlaeMuwmbJ}} [laomo abmjzifh tm;vH;k aygif;pka&maESmxm;um tm;vH;k cspf cifnñ D w G pf mG cJaG 0toH;k cs pm;oH;k wwfMuonf/ ]]ysm; onf arwåm&Sif}} [k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; arwåm&SifvlY rsuv f ;kH jzifh Munhv f Qif cspcf ifjrwfE;dk zG,f tvGeaf umif; vSonf/ xdkYtwl o'¨g? ynm? arwåm (omoemjyKcGef tm; 3-ck) tm;aumif;aom vltrsm;onf trsm; aygif;pkí aqmif&u G w f wfMu&m (1) trsKd ;bmom om oemtwGuf cH,lOD;wnfcsuf&SdMuonf/ rdrdESifhtrsdK; udk enf;rSefvrf;rSef cspfwwfMuonf/ (2) udk,fusifh pnf;urf; &SMd uonf/ tcsi;f csi;f trsm;tay: opöm&Sd Muonf/ tjyefjyeftvSefvSef ,HkMunfpdwfcsMu& onf/ tcsi;f csi;f tm;ud;k Mu&onf/ (3) cJaG 0toH;k cs
40
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
tepfemcH pGefYvTwfrI&Sdonf/ udk,fh&Sdwm olYudk ay; onf/ olY&Sdwm udk,fhudk ay;onf/ udk,fodwm olYudk ajymonf/ olodwm udk,fhudkajymonf/ ukd,fpGrf;Edkif onft h cg olu Y kd ulno D nf/ olprG ;f Ekid o f nft h cg ud, k hf udk ulnDonf/ rdom;pkpdwf"mwf &SdMuonf/ (4) pOf; pm;EdIif;csdef csifhcsdef csdefwG,f qHk;jzwfEdkifaom tody nm &Sdonf/ xdv k rl sm;onf ylavmifajcmufuyfpmG raexdik f MubJ cE¨mESifhypönf;udkvnf; ylavmifajcmufuyfpGm roH;k MubJ jzKe;f wD;rIbufoYkd ra&mufapbJ ÓPfowd jzifh xdef;odrf;um w&m;ysm;&nfudk pkum pdkjynfvef; qef;at;csr;f pGm aexdik w f wfMuonf/ w&m;ysm;&nf &,lvdkMuojzifh Ak'¨? "r®? oHC [laom yef; 3-yGifhxH aeYpOfyHkrSef csOf;uyfMuonf/ xdkvlrsm;\ cE¨monf omoem&wemaMumay: a&mufaeojzifh &wemcE¨m jzpfcGifh&onf/ ypönf;tm;vHk; &wemypönf;rsm; jzpf oGm;Muonf/ tcsed t f m;vH;k r*FvmpHawmfcsed f &wem tcsdefrsm; jzpfoGm;Muonf/ omoem&wemaMumESifh awGUoltwGuf vufnK§d ;xd;k &m &wemcsn;f omwnf;/ jzKef;ypf&ufp&m 1-ckrQr&Sd/
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
41
xd k v l r sm;onf ysm;&nf E S i f h w l a om w&m; aumif;rsm;udk jznfu h siphf ak qmif;um ypöKyeÜ w f ikd ;f aysmf &Ticf sr;f ajrah tmif aewwfMuonf/ rdr\ d ud, k -f ÓPfypön;f tm;jzifh rdro d w l yg;avmu omoemudk arwåm a&SUxm;Ny;D tvSqifwwfMuonf/ b0ul; pdwaf t;& atmif udk,fydkifw&m;udk tcsdefrD pkaqmif;xm;Mu onf/ b0vGwfajrmufa&;txd wdusjywfom;aom OD;wnfcsuf&Sdxm;Muonf/ xdv k rl sm;udk rdom;pkuvnf; ,HMk unfcspcf ifMu onf/ avmuvltrsm;uvnf; av;pm;jrwfEdk;Mu onf/ omoemzufuvnf; txl;yif wefb;kd xm;Mu onf/ xdak rwåm&Sirf sm;uom omoemudk wnfatmif aqmif&Gufay;EdkifpGrf; &Sdygonf/ ysm;aumifyrm ajzmifrh wfpmG w&m;ysm;&nfjzifh tvSqifay;vdkolü owdynm csdefoD;ESifh o'¨g0d&d, vufwHudk txl;vdktyfygonf/ owdynmonf b0 ESifhtvkyf rwdrf;atmif xdef;ay;Edkifaom vlYb0csdef oD;jzpfonf/ owdjzifh tm½HEk iS phf w d u f kd tuGucf sxed ;f ay;NyD; ynmjzifh pGrf;tm;t&Sdudk cJGjcm;Munfh&onf/ owdjzifh vrf;azmfNy;D 0D&, d jzifh pdwt f ajy;avhusiahf y;
42
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
&onf/ tm½HkESifh pdwfjyóem rjzpf&atmif ajz&Sif; ay;onf/ udk,fhpdwfrnfonfhae&m a&mufaerSef;od atmif tNraJ xmufveS ;f pl;prf;ay;onf/ o'¨gESihf 0D&d ,um; vlpY rG ;f tm;ay:vmatmif yHrk eS v f nfywfay;ae aom vlYb0 vufwH 2-acsmif;jzpfonf/ owdynmcsed o f ;D ESihf o'¨g0D&, d vufww H w Ykd iG f o'¨gu pdwaf umif; azmfxw k af y;onf/ r*Fvm wHcg; aygufziG ahf y;onf/ pdwu f se;f rmatmif vkyaf y;onf/ aumif;aom tpm;taomuf\t&omudk use;f rmol om t&omawGUatmif cHpm;Edik o f uJo h Ykd o'¨gaumif; í pdwfusef;rmolom w&m;t&om awGUEkdifrnfjzpf onf/ owdonf pdwfaumif;udk xdef;odrf;ay;onf/ pm;0wfaea&;ESihf w&m;wpfom;wnf;aygif;ay;onf/ tcsed Ef iS t hf iftm; jzKe;f wD;rIukd xde;f csKyaf y;onf/ 0D&d ,u pdwfaumif;udk tcsdefrDatmif wGef;ay;onf/ tm;udk ab;rSmxkwfrypfbJ twGif;rSm xkwf,lxm; vdkufonf/ csdefoD;rygaom 0D&d,onf tm;udk ab; rSm xkwfypfí csdefoD;wyfxm;aom 0D&d,uom tm;udk twGif;rSm xkwf,lxm;EkdifpGrf; &Sdonf/ ynmonf pGrf;tm;udk jrifatmifjyí vkyfc&v'fudk
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
43
xkwfay;onf/ vlonf o'¨gaysmufvQif ajcmufuyfuyfjzpf oGm;onf/ pdjk ynfxnf0grIrsm; cef;ajcmufaysmufu, G f oGm;onf/ ukov kd x f yk Bf u;D rsm; udik x f m;aomfvnf; uk odv k yf pkH jH zifh 0ifrvmMuawmh/ owdaysmufvQif ½l;wl; wl;jzpfomG ;onf/ tm½HEk iS t hf odpw d f uGmNy;D [mwmwm jzpfoGm;\/ vdktyfonfhyHkpHaysmufoGm;í tcsdefrD t vkyfrNyD;wwf? avmuü rawmfwq[lorQonf owdrygaom t½l;pdwfaMumifhom jzpf&onf/ 0D&, d aysmufvQif ewwjzpfomG ;onf/ tm;ud;k p&m w&m;pGrf;tm;rsm;ESifh atmifyef;rsm; vufwpf urf;wGif vSrf;BudKqdkaeMuygvsuf vufvGwfqHk;½HI;& wwf\/ ynmaysmufvQif tww jzpfoGm;onf/ uH t&Sd ½kyef mrft&Sd tm½Ht k &Su d kd bmrQrod? tm½Hv k rd o f rQ cH&rnf/ udk,fh[mudkyif tvdrfcH&wwf\/ omoemESifhawGUBuHKcdkuf cE¨mwm0efESifh w&m; tvkyaf ygif;rdzYkd ta&;Bu;D onf/ rcsujf yKwb f J xif;yHk udk rD;½dUI ovdk bmrQtvum;rukeaf p&/ rD;xd;k qdu k Nf y;D csufjyKwfovdk pm;0wfaea&; xif;rD;qkdufNyD; w&m; xrif; csufwwf&rnf/ ukefoGm;onfh ypönf;xJrS
44
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)
rukefEdkifonfh w&m;pGrf;tm; usefcJh&rnf/ todryg vQif t&SdESdyfpuforQ cH&rnf/ tcuftcJudk [efjzifh &Sif;ír&yg/ omoem onf [efomoem r[kwo f jzifh [ef ukov kd f [efw &m;rsm;jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ wu,ftESpfjynfh uk odv k w f &m;rsm;udk tcGiahf umif;wke;f t,luRr;f usizf Ykd txl;vdt k yfonf/ oHo&mc&D;onfrsm;ü jzpf-td-k emao cvkwfwdkufacsmfvJp&m 4-ck? avmb-a'goarm[ pl;p&mql; 3-acsmif;? t0dZÆm-wPSm Nidp&m aMumhuiG ;f 2-ck &So d nf/ csed o f ;D ygrS tuGuaf phí tESpf jynfhrnf/ csdefoD;ESifhvufwHjyKwfvQif b0udk ul;cwfae jcif;r[kwfbJ b0rSm tpDtpOfuif;rJhpGm jrKyfarsmae jcif;om jzpfomG ;rnf/ csed o f ;D ESiv hf ufwH wyfqifvnf ywfaerS rjrKyrf arsmbJ tpDtpOfjzifh wpfbufurf;odYk ul;cwfEikd rf nf jzpfonf/ wpfbufurf;odYk ul;cwfMu &mü y&d,wåpd moifwu kd w f nfaxmifí arwåmyef;cdik f 3-yGiq hf ikd f yHpk jH zifh aysm&f iT cf sr;f ajrph mG ul;cwfBuKd ;pm;Mu jcif;onf Al;awmif;jzifh wpfudk,fwnf; ul;jcif;vnf; r[kwf? avSorÁefi,fjzifh vltenf;i,fom wif
arwåmyef;cdkif oHk;yGifhqdkif
45
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