World War I Power Point

World War I (1914-1919)

I. War in Europe • 1. Conflicts in European nations

grew over the years leading up to 1914. 2. Expansion caused tensions because many countries in Europe had disputes over land. 3. Countries built up their militaries and formed alliances. 4. Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.

5. The countries fight to help their allies. An Ally is a friend, especially in war. 6. The Allied Powers were Great Britain, France, and Russia. 7. The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain France Russia

Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire

8. Improved technology was used in World War I. 9. Airplanes were first used in combat during World War I. 10. Poison Gas was first used by the Germans. The gas could kill anyone who breathed it. 11. The armored tank was first used in WWI. Baron Von Richthofen “Red Baron” was Germany’s most famous pilot. He won 80 victories.

• British soldier

wearing gas mask

Treating a mustard gas victim

Gas shells exploding

Original British tank prototype “little Willie”

In the trenches: infantry with gas masks

America’s Road to War 12. President Woodrow Wilson wanted America to remain neutral in the war. 13. Many Americans felt sympathetic to the allies because of our ties with Great Britain. 14. To gain support of the Americans, propaganda was used. This propaganda told horror stories about the Germans and was intended to sway Americans to support the British.

President Woodrow Wilson

E.

Germany sinks the Lusitania

15. Americans started sending aide to Britain. 16. To stop this, Germany announced in February 1915 that it would use its u-boats (submarines) to sink any vessels entering Britain’s ports. 17. On May 7, 1915, a German U-boat torpedoed the British passenger ship the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. More that 1000 people died, 128 were Americans. 18. A secret telegram (Zimmerman Note) is intercepted by the British. It told Mexico that if they would help Germany in the war, they would regain land they lost to the United States. • (see page 674-675)

First Class Lounge

Lusitania

Lusitania prepares to depart

The last photo of the Lusitania

1915 depiction of the attack

Depictions of the sinking

F. Americans Join the Allies 19. American troops arrive in France in 1917. The French and British troops were tired and lacked supplies. When the Americans began to fight, they helped turn the war around for the allies. 20. The United States used the draft to enlist soldiers to fight in the war. The draft randomly selects men to be in the military.

(World War I soldiers from Ohio) 21. American soldiers were nicknamed “doughboys”. They helped push the Germans back. 22. Germany realized they have little chance of winning now and agree to an armistice.

G. The War at Home 23. The war created a labor shortage in the United States. This gave women and minorities a chance to get jobs that were previously held by men. 24. World War I was expensive. It cost the U.S. $32 billion. 25. The U.S. not only had to produce food for its own needs but also for the allies. The government encouraged volunteer rationing.

H. Searching For Peace 26. After the war, world leaders gathered in Paris, France, for a peace conference. 27. Woodrow Wilson wanted to create a League of Nations to preserve peace. 28. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war and pay billions of dollars to the allies. 29. The U.S. congress voted against joining the League of Nations because Henry Lodge believed that if they joined, American troops could be sent anywhere in the world. In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S