World War I
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World War I & its aftermath
July 28th 1914 – November 11th 1918
The Stage is Set Causes of WWI: 2. Nationalism 3. Imperial Rivalries 4. Militarism 5. A tangle of alliances
2) Imperial Rivalries
Germany was becoming a superpower Britain felt threatened France & Germany clashed over territories France and Britain grew closer…
…By 1914 Europe was “an open powder keg waiting for a spark to ignite it.”
Tangle of Alliances
Alliances formed out of fear and distrust…! The Central Powers
Germany, AustriaHungary & Italy
The Allies
UK, France, Russia (plus France, Canada, Belgium, NZ, Australia, Japan, U.S & a few more…)
Militarism & Nationalism
European leaders glorified war Social Darwinism
“Only the strong survive!”
Arms Race
Britain vs. Germany
The Guns of August
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Successor to Austrian throne Visited Sarajevo, Bosnia
Black Hand Terrorist Group (Serbian)
Angered over Ferdinand’s visit, because Austria was refusing to give up Bosnia Decided to assassinate him in protest…!
“The Spark”
On June 28, 1914 Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austrian) were assassinated.. Peace unravelled..
Austria gave Serbia ultimatum, to leave their territory of Bosnia etc etc but… Serbia refused, so…
WW1 BEGINS
World War I Begins
Austria was MAD. War was declared. Germany attacked first (Germany are allied with Austria)
Both sides (Germany/Austria vs. the Allies – Russia, France & Britain) settled down for a long war
A New Kind of Conflict
Trench warfare
Thousands of miles dug In between called “No Man’s Land”
Over the top!
Both sides ordered suicidal charges Millions sacrificed
A war of machines
New weaponry added to death toll:
Planes Tanks Submarines Machine guns Poison Gas
A Stalemate
By 1917 Europe was tired of war Russia overthrew their monarchy
Pulled out of the war
Allies on the brink of losing
Winning the War
The U.S. joined war Germany made one final push (1918)
Attack failed
Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down Germany asked for peace
Treaty of Versailles
Germany (who lost 2.5 million people in the war) was ordered to sign Treaty of Versailles which meant they:
Had to accept full blame for the war Had to pay $30 million Could not have a military presence Had to give up a lot of their land
The Damage of the “Great” War
3 ½ years long 70 million military personnel involved 16 million deaths (6.7 million of these were civilians, and mostly from famine) 8 million POWs 21 million wounded
July 28th 1914 – November 11th 1918
The Stage is Set Causes of WWI: 2. Nationalism 3. Imperial Rivalries 4. Militarism 5. A tangle of alliances
2) Imperial Rivalries
Germany was becoming a superpower Britain felt threatened France & Germany clashed over territories France and Britain grew closer…
…By 1914 Europe was “an open powder keg waiting for a spark to ignite it.”
Tangle of Alliances
Alliances formed out of fear and distrust…! The Central Powers
Germany, AustriaHungary & Italy
The Allies
UK, France, Russia (plus France, Canada, Belgium, NZ, Australia, Japan, U.S & a few more…)
Militarism & Nationalism
European leaders glorified war Social Darwinism
“Only the strong survive!”
Arms Race
Britain vs. Germany
The Guns of August
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Successor to Austrian throne Visited Sarajevo, Bosnia
Black Hand Terrorist Group (Serbian)
Angered over Ferdinand’s visit, because Austria was refusing to give up Bosnia Decided to assassinate him in protest…!
“The Spark”
On June 28, 1914 Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austrian) were assassinated.. Peace unravelled..
Austria gave Serbia ultimatum, to leave their territory of Bosnia etc etc but… Serbia refused, so…
WW1 BEGINS
World War I Begins
Austria was MAD. War was declared. Germany attacked first (Germany are allied with Austria)
Both sides (Germany/Austria vs. the Allies – Russia, France & Britain) settled down for a long war
A New Kind of Conflict
Trench warfare
Thousands of miles dug In between called “No Man’s Land”
Over the top!
Both sides ordered suicidal charges Millions sacrificed
A war of machines
New weaponry added to death toll:
Planes Tanks Submarines Machine guns Poison Gas
A Stalemate
By 1917 Europe was tired of war Russia overthrew their monarchy
Pulled out of the war
Allies on the brink of losing
Winning the War
The U.S. joined war Germany made one final push (1918)
Attack failed
Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down Germany asked for peace
Treaty of Versailles
Germany (who lost 2.5 million people in the war) was ordered to sign Treaty of Versailles which meant they:
Had to accept full blame for the war Had to pay $30 million Could not have a military presence Had to give up a lot of their land
The Damage of the “Great” War
3 ½ years long 70 million military personnel involved 16 million deaths (6.7 million of these were civilians, and mostly from famine) 8 million POWs 21 million wounded
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