World Health Statistics 2009

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World health statistics 2009. 1.Health status indicators. 2.World health. 3.Health services – statistics. 4.Mortality. 5.Morbidity. 6.Life expectancy. 7.Demography. 8.Statistics. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 97892 4 156381 9

(NLM classification: WA 900.1)

© World Health Organization 2009 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

Acknowledgements This publication was produced by the Department of Health Statistics and Informatics of the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster, under the direction of Ties Boerma and Carla AbouZahr, assisted by Jessica Ho, and in collaboration with WHO technical programmes and regional offices and with other agencies in the United Nations system. The following WHO staff contributed to the content of this publication: Mohammed Ali, Michel Beusenberg, Monika Bloessner, Cynthia Boschi Pinto, Sylvie Briand, Anthony Burton, Alexandra Cameron, Claudia Cappa, Martin Catterall, Claire Chauvin, Mercedes de Onis, Chris Dye, Daniel Ferrante, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Alexandra Fleischmann, Marta Gacic Dobo, Jun Gao, Sandra Garnier, Neeru Gupta, Regina Guthold, Rifat Hossain, Mehran Hosseini, Ahmadreza Hosseinpoor, Chandika Indikadahena, Mie Inoue, Derege Kebede, Gauri Khanna, Teena Kunjumen, Richard Laing, Enrique Loyola, Doris Ma Fat, Fatima Marinho, Ramon Martinez, Liz Mason, Colin Mathers, Chizuru Nishida, Vladimir Pozniak, Dag Rekve, Leanne Riley, Randa Saadeh, Lale Say, Sunil Senanayake, Jonathan Siekmann, Jacqueline Sims, William Soumbey-Alley, Yves Souteyrand, Tessa Tan-Torres, Khin Win Thin, Catherine Watt, Lara Wolfson, Nevio Zagaria and Jelka Zupan. WHO is grateful to UNICEF (Edilberto Loaiza, Tessa Wardlaw), the Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (Gerhard K. Heilig, François Pelletier) and to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Ann Goding, Brandon O’Hara, Wick Warren) for their valuable contributions. Alison Commar, Veronique Joseph and Wahyu Retno Mahanani have kindly assisted in checking tables for accuracy. The publication was edited by Laragh Gollogly. Support for the online database was provided by Katherine O’Neill, Steve Moore, Florence Rusciano and John Rawlinson. Production support was provided by the Department of Knowledge Management and Sharing, including Caroline Allsopp, Ian Coltart and Maryvonne Grisetti. Graphic design and layout was by Sophie Guetaneh Aguettant. We thank Petra Schuster for her administrative support. Cover design: Michel Beusenberg, Denis Meissner and Sophie Guetaneh Aguettant.

Printed in France.

2

Table of Contents Introduction

7

Part I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals

9

Summary of status and trends Regional and country charts

10

1. Children aged <5 years underweight for age (%) 2. Under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) 3. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) 4. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 5. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 6. Contraceptive prevalence (%) 7. Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years) 8. Antenatal care coverage (%): at least 1 visit 9. Unmet need for family planning (%) 10. Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥15 years per 100 000 population 11. Proportion of males aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 12. Proportion of females aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 13. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%) 14. Malaria mortality rate per 100 000 population 15. Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (%) 16. Children aged <5 years who received any antimalarial treatment for fever (%) 17. Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS (%) 18. Access to improved drinking-water sources (%) 19. Access to improved sanitation (%)

Part II. Global Health Indicators Table 1

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

33

Mortality and burden of disease

35

Life expectancy at birth (years) Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births Infant mortality rate (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

3

Table 2

Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

47

Mortality Maternal mortality ratio per 100 000 live births Cause-specific mortality rate per 100 000 population Age-standardized mortality rate by cause per 100 000 population Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes (%) Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%) Morbidity Prevalence of tuberculosis per 100 000 population Incidence of tuberculosis per 100 000 population per year Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥15 years per 100 000 population

Table 3

Selected infectious diseases : number of reported cases

59

Cholera Diphtheria H5N1 influenza Japanese encephalitis Leprosy Malaria Measles Meningitis Mumps Pertussis Plague Poliomyelitis Congenital rubella syndrome Rubella Neonatal tetanus Total tetanus Tuberculosis Yellow fever

Table 4

Health service coverage

71

Antenatal care coverage (%) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Births by caesarean section (%) Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus (PAB) (%) Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%) Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (%)

4

Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%) Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facility (%) Children aged <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%) Unmet need for family planning (%) Contraceptive prevalence (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCT (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%) Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS (%) Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS (%)

Table 5

Risk factors

83

Access to improved drinking-water sources (%) Access to improved sanitation (%) Low-birth-weight newborns (%) Infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life (%) Children aged <5 years stunted for age (%) Children aged <5 years underweight for age (%) Children aged <5 years overweight for age (%) Adults aged ≥15 years who are obese (%) Alcohol consumption among adults (≥15 years) (litres of pure alcohol per year) Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults (≥15 years) (%) Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents (13–15 years) (%) Prevalence of condom use by adults at higher-risk sex (15–49) (%) Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Table 6

Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines

Health workforce and infrastructure Number of physicians and density per 10 000 population Number of nursing and midwifery personnel and density per 10 000 population Number of dentistry personnel and density per 10 000 population Number of community health workers and density per 10 000 population Number of other health service providers and density per 10 000 population Hospital beds per 10 000 population Essential medicines Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%) Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors

5

95

Table 7

Health expenditure

107

Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure External resources for health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $) Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

Table 8

Health inequities

119

Inequalities in skilled birth attendance Inequalities in measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds Inequalities in under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Table 9

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

131

Population: total (000s) Population: median age (years) Population: under 15 (%) Population: over 60 (%) Annual population growth rate (%) Population in urban areas (%) Civil registration coverage (%): births and mortality rate Total fertility rate (per woman) Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 women) Adult literacy rate (%) Net primary school enrolment ratio (%) Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $) Population living on <$1 (PPP int. $) a day (%)

Footnotes

142

6

Introduction World Health Statistics 2009 contains WHO’s annual compilation of data from its 193 Member States, and includes a summary of progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and targets. This edition also contains a new section on reported cases of selected infectious diseases. The contents of this book have been collated from publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO’s technical programmes and regional offices. Indicators have been included on the basis of their relevance to global health, the availability and quality of the data and the reliability and comparability of estimates. This set of indicators provides a comprehensive summary of the current status of national health and health systems, including: mortality and burden of disease, causes of death, reported infectious diseases, health service coverage, risk factors, health systems resources, health expenditures, inequities and demographic and socioeconomic statistics. The section on inequities presents statistics on the distribution of selected health outcomes and interventions within countries, disaggregated by sex, age, urban and rural settings, wealth and educational level. Such statistics are primarily derived from analyses of household surveys and are currently available only for a limited number of countries. All statistics have been cleared, in consultation with Member States, as WHO’s official figures, unless otherwise stated. The estimates published here should, however, still be regarded as best estimates made by WHO rather than the official view of Member States. As the demand for timely, reliable and comparable health statistics continues to increase, so does the necessity to communicate clearly the quality and limitations of these statistics. An online version of this publication and metadata describing the sources, estimation methods and the quality of estimates is available at http://www.who.int/statistics. The online version will be regularly updated as new data become available during 2009. WHO presents World Health Statistics 2009 as an integral part of its ongoing effort to inform better measures of population health and national health systems.

7

Part I Health-related Millennium Development Goals

Summary of status and trends Health is at the heart of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Goals 4, 5 and 6 specifically focus on health, but all the MDGs have health-related aspects; achieving them will not be possible without progress on food security, gender equality, the empowerment of women, wider access to education and better stewardship of the environment. At the midpoint between 2000 and 2015, the analysis shows encouraging signs of progress, particularly in child health; it points to areas where current gains need to be sustained, particularly in relation to AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; and areas where there has been little or no movement, notably maternal and newborn health. More detailed and updated data for 2008, reported in World Health Statistics 2009, show major differences in progress between and within countries and regions. Looking forward to 2015 and beyond, the challenges presented by weak health systems, the health transition and emerging health threats will become increasingly prominent. Overall, the proportion of children under five years of age suffering from under-nutrition (according to the WHO Child Growth Standards) declined from 27% in 1990 to 20% in 2005. However, progress has been uneven and an estimated 112 million children are underweight. Undernutrition is an underlying cause in more than one third of child deaths. In 2007, there were an estimated 9 million child deaths, significantly fewer than the 12.5 million estimated in 1990, with a 27% decline in the under-5 mortality rate over that period to 67 per 1000 live births in 2007. Reducing child mortality increasingly depends on tackling neonatal mortality; globally, an estimated 37% of deaths among children under five occurs in the first month of life, most in the first week. Countries making the least progress are generally those affected by high levels of HIV/ AIDS, economic hardship or conflict. Much of the progress in reducing child mortality can be attributed to increased immunization coverage, use of oral rehydration therapies during episodes of diarrhoea, use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, access to artemisinin-based combination therapies, efforts to eliminate disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b infection and reduced disease incidence due to improved water and sanitation. However, because the availability and use of proven interventions at community level remain low, pneumonia and diarrhoea still kill 3.8 million children under five each year. Every year some 536 000 women die of complications during pregnancy or childbirth, 99% of them in developing countries. The global maternal mortality ratio of 400 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in 2005 has barely changed since 1990. Most maternal deaths occur in the African Region, where the maternal mortality ratio is 900 per 100 000 live births, with no measureable improvement between 1990 and 2005. Progress in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity depends on better access to, and use of, good maternal and reproductive health services. The proportion of pregnant women in the developing world who had at least one antenatal care visit increased from slightly more than half at the beginning of the 1990s to almost three quarters a decade later. Over the period 2000–2008, 65% of births globally were attended by skilled health personnel, 4% more than in 1990–1999. Globally, the contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 59% in 1990–1995 to 63% in 2000– 2006. Nonetheless, in some regions it remains very difficult to reduce the considerable unmet need for family planning and the high rates of adolescent fertility. Globally, there were 48 births for every 1000 women aged 15–19 years in 2006, only a small decline from 51 per 1000 in 2000.

10

In 2006, an estimated 3300 million people were at risk of malaria. Of these, some 1200 million were in the high-risk category (living in areas with more than one reported case of malaria per 1000 population per year). Although it is still too early to register global changes in impact, 27 countries (including five in Africa) have reduced reported cases of the disease and/or deaths resulting from it by up to 50% between 1990 and 2006. Coverage of interventions for the prevention and treatment of malaria has increased. There has been a significant growth in the production and use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, although global targets are still not being met. By June 2008, all but four countries and territories with a high burden of the disease had adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment for falciparum malaria, and use of combination therapies is being scaled up. The MGD target in respect of halting and reversing the incidence of tuberculosis was met globally in 2004. Since then the rate has been falling slowly.1 Tuberculosis prevalence and death rates per 100 000 population declined from 296 in 1990 to 206 in 2007 for the former, and from 28 in 1990 to 25 in 2006 for the latter. Globally, the tuberculosis case-detection rate under the DOTS approach increased from an estimated 11% in 1995 to 63% in 2007. The rate of improvement in case detection slowed after 2004, largely as a result of earlier successes in the countries with the largest number of cases. Data on treatment success rates under the DOTS approach indicate consistent improvement, with rates rising from 79% in 1990 to 85% in 2006. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIVassociated tuberculosis pose particular challenges in some regions. New estimates indicate that 2.7 million people were newly infected with HIV during 2007 and that there were two million deaths related to AIDS, bringing the total number of people living with HIV to 33 million. The percentage of adults living with HIV globally has remained stable since 2000. Use of antiretroviral therapy has increased; in the course of 2007, about one million more people living with HIV received antiretroviral therapy.2 However, despite this, of the estimated 9.7 million people in developing countries that need treatment, only 3 million were receiving the medicines. Progress has been made in prevention, but at the end of 2007 only 33% of HIV-infected women had received antiretroviral drugs to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission. An estimated 1200 million people are affected by neglected tropical diseases, chronic disabling infections that thrive in conditions of impoverishment and weak health systems. In 2007, 546 million people were treated to prevent transmission of lymphatic filariasis. Only 9585 cases of dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) were reported in the five countries in which the disease is endemic, compared with an estimated 3.5 million reported in 20 such countries in 1985. The global prevalence of leprosy at the beginning of 2008 stood at 212 802 reported cases, down from 5.2 million cases in 1985. Lack of safe water and poor sanitation are important risk factors for mortality and morbidity, including diarrhoeal diseases, cholera, worm infestations and hepatitis. Globally, the proportion of the population with access to improved drinking-water sources increased from 76% to 86% between 1990 and 2006. Since 1990, the number of people in developing regions using improved sanitation facilities has increased by 1100 million. Nevertheless, in 2006, there were 54 countries in which information was available where less than half the population used an improved sanitation facility.

1

WHO. Global tuberculosis control 2008 report.

2

WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF. Towards universal access: scaling up priority interventions in the health sector; progress report 2008.

11

Although nearly all developing countries publish an essential medicines list, the availability of medicines at public health facilities is often poor. Surveys in about 30 developing countries indicate that availability of selected medicines at health facilities was only 35% in the public sector and 63% in the private sector. Lack of medicines in the public sector forces patients to purchase medicines privately. In the private sector, however, generic medicines are often sold at several times their international reference price, while originator brands are generally even more expensive. The following charts provide country by country and regional summaries of progress for key MDG indicators for which data are available for most countries. For each indicator, countries are sorted within the relevant WHO region by level of the indicator at latest available year. Countries with no data, or for which a particular indicator is not relevant, are included at the end of each regional list. Depending on the availability of data for each indicator, there are three types of charts.

Chart type I For three indicators: under-5 mortality rate, access to improved drinking-water sources, and access to improved sanitation facilities, the charts show data for the latest available year, index of trends since 1990 (1990=100) , and the index of overall trend between 1990 and 2015 (1990=100) required for the country to achieve the Millennium Development Goal.

Chart type II For five indicators: children under five years who are underweight, measles immunization coverage in children under one year, births attended by skilled health personnel, HIV prevalence in adults 15–49 years, and tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS, the charts show data for the latest available year and index of trends since 1990 (1990=100).

Chart type III For 10 indicators: maternal mortality ratio, contraceptive prevalence rate, adolescent fertility rate, antenatal care coverage (at least one visit), unmet need for family planning, proportion of people aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%), antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection, mortality rate due to malaria, children aged under five years sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and children aged under five years who received any antimalarial treatment for fever, the charts show only data for the latest available year. Further details can be found in the country tables as indicated in each chart.

12

1. Children aged <5 years underweight for age (%)

Swaziland

6.1

Chile

0.6

Belarus

1.3

Jordan

3.6

Gabon

8.8

United States of America

1.3

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.6

Egypt

5.4

Sao Tome and Principe

10.1

Brazil

2.2

Bulgaria

1.6

Iraq

7.1

Algeria

10.2

Argentina

2.3

Serbia

1.8

Morocco

9.9

Equatorial Guinea

10.6

Jamaica

3.1

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

1.8

Syrian Arab Republic

10.0

Botswana

10.7

Mexico

3.4

Czech Republic

2.1

Pakistan

31.3

Congo

11.8

Dominican Republic

4.2

Montenegro

2.2

Somalia

32.8

Ghana

13.9

Trinidad and Tobago

4.4

Kyrgyzstan

2.7

Afghanistan

32.9

Zimbabwe

14.0

Belize

4.9

Republic of Moldova

3.2

Sudan

38.4

Senegal

14.5

Colombia

5.1

Romania

3.5

No Data

Cameroon

15.1

Peru

5.2

Turkey

3.5

Bahrain

…

Gambia

15.8

Bolivia

5.9

Ukraine

4.1

Djibouti

…

Uganda

16.4

Uruguay

6.0

Armenia

4.2

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Kenya

16.5

El Salvador

6.1

Uzbekistan

4.4

Kuwait

…

Lesotho

16.6

Ecuador

6.2

Kazakhstan

4.9

Lebanon

…

Côte d'Ivoire

16.7

Nicaragua

7.8

Albania

6.6

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

United Republic of Tanzania

16.7

Honduras

8.6

Azerbaijan

14.0

Oman

…

Guinea-Bissau

17.4

Guyana

11.9

Tajikistan

14.9

Qatar

…

Namibia

17.5

Guatemala

17.7

No Data

Saudi Arabia

…

Rwanda

18.0

Haiti

18.9

Andorra

…

Tunisia

…

Malawi

18.4

No Data

Austria

…

United Arab Emirates

…

Benin

20.2

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Belgium

…

Yemen

…

Liberia

20.4

Bahamas

…

Croatia

…

Mozambique

21.2

Barbados

…

Cyprus

…

Central African Republic

21.8

Canada

…

Denmark

…

Togo

22.3

Costa Rica

…

Estonia

…

Singapore

3.3

Guinea

22.5

Cuba

…

Finland

…

Mongolia

5.3

Zambia

23.3

Dominica

…

France

…

China

6.8

Comoros

25.0

Grenada

…

Georgia

…

Viet Nam

20.2

Nigeria

27.2

Panama

…

Germany

…

Philippines

20.7

Angola

27.5

Paraguay

…

Greece

…

Cambodia

28.4

Mali

27.9

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Hungary

…

Lao People's Democratic Republic

36.4

Democratic Republic of the Congo

28.2

Saint Lucia

…

Iceland

…

No Data

Sierra Leone

28.3

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Ireland

…

Australia

…

Mauritania

30.4

Suriname

…

Israel

…

Brunei Darussalam

…

Chad

33.9

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Italy

…

Cook Islands

…

Eritrea

34.5

Latvia

…

Fiji

…

Ethiopia

34.6

Lithuania

…

Japan

…

Burkina Faso

35.2

Luxembourg

…

Kiribati

…

Madagascar

36.8

Malta

…

Malaysia

…

Burundi

38.9

Monaco

…

39.9

…

…

Niger

Netherlands

Marshall Islands

Norway

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Nauru

…

Thailand Democratic People's Republic of Korea

17.8

Indonesia

19.7

Sri Lanka

22.8

Poland

…

Maldives

25.7

Portugal

…

New Zealand

…

Myanmar

29.6

Russian Federation

…

Niue

…

Nepal

38.8

San Marino

…

Palau

…

Bangladesh

39.8

Slovakia

…

Papua New Guinea

…

Timor-Leste

40.6

Slovenia

…

43.5

…

…

India

Spain

Republic of Korea

Sweden

…

Samoa

…

Solomon Islands

…

No Data Cape Verde

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

South Africa

…

No Data

Key

Bhutan

Country trend 1990

7.0

…

Latest available

Switzerland

…

Turkmenistan

…

Tonga

…

United Kingdom

…

Tuvalu

…

Vanuatu

…

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of under-5-year-olds who are underweight in each country. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Regional averages are not available at this time. The bold lines indicate trends since a baseline established in 1990–1995 (specific year varies by country). Further details can be found in Table 5. 13

2. Under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Seychelles

16

Canada

6

San Marino

2

United Arab Emirates

8

Mauritius

17

Cuba

6

Iceland

3

Qatar

10

Cape Verde

32

United States of America

8

Sweden

3

Bahrain

10

Algeria

37

Chile

9

Finland

3

Kuwait

11

Botswana

40

Antigua and Barbuda

11

Luxembourg

4

Oman

12

South Africa

59

Costa Rica

11

Norway

4

Syrian Arab Republic

17

Comoros

66

Barbados

12

Andorra

4

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

18

Namibia

68

Saint Lucia

13

Portugal

4

Jordan

20

Eritrea

70

Bahamas

13

Italy

4

Tunisia

21

Lesotho

84

Dominica

14

Slovenia

4

Saudi Arabia

25

Zimbabwe

90

Uruguay

14

Czech Republic

4

Lebanon

29

Swaziland

91

Argentina

16

France

4

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

33

Gabon

91

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

17

Greece

4

Morocco

34

Sao Tome and Principe

99

Saint Kitts and Nevis

18

Spain

4

Egypt

36

Togo

100

Grenada

19

Austria

4

Iraq

45

Gambia

109

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

19

Germany

4

Yemen

73

Malawi

110

Ireland

4

Pakistan

90

Madagascar

112

Senegal

114

Ghana

Regional average

19

Regional average

Peru

20

Colombia

20

Cyprus

4

Sudan

109

Mexico

21

Belgium

4

Djibouti

127

115

Brazil

22

Monaco

5

Somalia

142

United Republic of Tanzania

116

Ecuador

22

Denmark

5

Afghanistan

257

Mauritania

118

Panama

23

Netherlands

5

Ethiopia

119

El Salvador

24

Switzerland

5

Kenya

121

24

Israel

5

Benin

123

25

Malta

6

Congo

125

Suriname

28

United Kingdom

6

Singapore

3

Côte d'Ivoire

127

Paraguay

29

Croatia

6

Japan

4

Uganda

131

Jamaica

31

Estonia

6

Republic of Korea

5

Liberia

133

Nicaragua

35

Hungary

7

Australia

6

Cameroon

148

Trinidad and Tobago

35

Belarus

7

New Zealand

6

Equatorial Guinea

150

Dominican Republic

38

Poland

7

Brunei Darussalam

9

Guinea

150

Guatemala

39

Lithuania

7

Palau

10

Regional average

Honduras Belize

145

Angola

158

Bolivia

57

Slovakia

8

Malaysia

11

Democratic Republic of the Congo

161

Guyana

60

Serbia

8

Viet Nam

15

Mozambique

168

Haiti

76

Montenegro

10

Fiji

18

Zambia

170

Latvia

10

Cook Islands

18

Central African Republic

172

Bulgaria

12

China

22

Niger

176

Russian Federation

12

Tonga

23

Burundi

180

Romania

14

Rwanda

181

Thailand

7

Bosnia and Herzegovina

14

Nigeria

189

Sri Lanka

21

Albania

15

Burkina Faso

191

Maldives

30

Ukraine

Mali

196

Indonesia

31

198 Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Chad

209

Sierra Leone

262

Guinea-Bissau

Samoa

27

Philippines

28

Nauru

30

16

Vanuatu

34

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

17

Tuvalu

37

55

Republic of Moldova

18

Micronesia (Federated States of)

40

Nepal

55

Turkey

23

Mongolia

43

Bangladesh

61

Armenia

24

Niue

46

Georgia

30

Marshall Islands

54

Kazakhstan

32

Kiribati

63

Kyrgyzstan

38

Papua New Guinea

65

Azerbaijan

39

Lao People's Democratic Republic

70

Uzbekistan

41

Solomon Islands

70

Turkmenistan

50

Cambodia

91

Tajikistan

67

Regional average

Key 1990

Country trend MDG target

Regional average

India

72

Bhutan

84

Timor-Leste

97

Myanmar

113

Regional average

65

Latest available 2015

15

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows estimated under-5 mortality for 2007 with countries sorted by level within each WHO region. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to achieve the MDG target of a reduction by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. Further details can be found in Table 1. 14

82

22

3. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

Rwanda

99

Antigua and Barbuda

99

Belarus

99

Bahrain

99

Seychelles

99

Argentina

99

Hungary

99

Kuwait

99

Mauritius

98

Brazil

99

Kazakhstan

99

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

98

Eritrea

95

Cuba

99

Kyrgyzstan

99

Syrian Arab Republic

98

Ghana

95

Ecuador

99

Monaco

99

Tunisia

98

Liberia

95

Nicaragua

99

Russian Federation

99

Egypt

97

Burkina Faso

94

Peru

99

Slovakia

99

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

97

Algeria

92

Saint Kitts and Nevis

99

Turkmenistan

99

Oman

97

Swaziland

91

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

99

Uzbekistan

99

Saudi Arabia

96

Botswana

90

El Salvador

98

Finland

98

Jordan

95

United Republic of Tanzania

90

Grenada

98

Poland

98

Morocco

95

Angola

88

Bahamas

96

Ukraine

98

Qatar

92

Sao Tome and Principe

86

Belize

96

Albania

97

United Arab Emirates

92

Gambia

85

Dominica

96

Azerbaijan

97

Pakistan

80

Lesotho

85

Dominican Republic

96

Czech Republic

97

Sudan

79

Zambia

85

Guyana

96

Georgia

97

Djibouti

74

Senegal

84

Mexico

96

Israel

97

Yemen

74

Malawi

83

Uruguay

96

Latvia

97

Afghanistan

70

South Africa

83

Colombia

95

Lithuania

97

Iraq

69

Madagascar

81

Canada

94

Romania

97

Lebanon

53

Kenya

80

Saint Lucia

94

Spain

97

Somalia

34

Togo

80

Guatemala

93

Bosnia and Herzegovina

96

Democratic Republic of the Congo

79

United States of America

93

Mozambique

77

Guinea-Bissau

76

Burundi

75

Cameroon

74

Cape Verde

74

Regional average

Bulgaria

96

91

Croatia

96

91

Estonia

96

90

Luxembourg

96

Nauru

99

Honduras

89

Netherlands

96

Niue

99

Panama

89

Republic of Moldova

96

Tonga

99

Chile

Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica 74

Regional average

93

Guinea

71

Suriname

85

Slovenia

96

Cook Islands

98

Namibia

69

Bolivia

81

Sweden

96

Japan

98

Mali

68

Paraguay

80

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

96

Mongolia

98

Uganda

68

Jamaica

76

Turkey

96

Brunei Darussalam

97

Congo

67

Barbados

75

Iceland

95

Singapore

95

Côte d'Ivoire

67

Haiti

58

Portugal

95

Tuvalu

95

Mauritania

67

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

55

Serbia

95

Australia

94

Sierra Leone

67

Andorra

94

China

94

Zimbabwe

66

Germany

94

Marshall Islands

94

Comoros

65

Armenia

92

Kiribati

93

Ethiopia

65

Belgium

92

Micronesia (Federated States of)

92

Central African Republic

62

99

Norway

92

Philippines

92

Nigeria

62

Sri Lanka

98

San Marino

92

Republic of Korea

92

Benin

61

Maldives

97

Montenegro

90

Gabon

55

Thailand

96

Denmark

89

Equatorial Guinea

51

Bhutan

95

Greece

Niger

47

Cyprus

Bangladesh

88

Chad

23

Myanmar

Regional average

Regional average

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

91

88

Malaysia

90

87

Viet Nam

83

France

87

Fiji

81

81

Ireland

87

Cambodia

79

Nepal

81

Italy

87

80

86

79

Indonesia

Switzerland

New Zealand

67

86

78

India

United Kingdom

Solomon Islands

Tajikistan

85

Vanuatu

65

Timor-Leste

63

Austria

79

Samoa

63

79

Papua New Guinea

58

Lao People's Democratic Republic

1990

40

73

Malta

Country trend

Regional average

Palau

Regional average

Key

94

Latest available

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of under-1-year-olds fully immunized against measles with countries sorted by 2007 level within each WHO region. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990. Further details can be found in Table 4. 15

84

92

4. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Mauritius

15

Canada

7

Ireland

1

Kuwait

4

Algeria

180

United States of America

11

Bosnia and Herzegovina

3

Qatar

12

Cape Verde

210

Bahamas

16

Denmark

3

Saudi Arabia

18

Namibia

210

Barbados

16

Greece

3

Bahrain

32

Botswana

380

Chile

16

Italy

3

United Arab Emirates

37

Swaziland

390

Uruguay

20

Sweden

3

Jordan

62 64

Comoros

400

Costa Rica

30

Austria

4

Oman

South Africa

400

Cuba

45

Czech Republic

4

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

97

Eritrea

450

Trinidad and Tobago

45

Germany

4

Tunisia

100 130

Madagascar

510

Belize

52

Iceland

4

Egypt

Togo

510

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

57

Israel

4

Syrian Arab Republic

130

Gabon

520

Mexico

60

Spain

4

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

140

Mozambique

520

Suriname

72

Switzerland

5

Lebanon

150

Uganda

550

Argentina

77

Hungary

6

Morocco

240

Ghana

560

Brazil 110

Netherlands

6

Iraq

300

Kenya

560

Colombia 130

Slovakia

6

Pakistan

320

Equatorial Guinea

680

Panama 130

Slovenia

6

Yemen

430

Regional average

99

Regional average

Gambia

690

Dominican Republic 150

Croatia

7

Sudan

450

Burkina Faso

700

Paraguay 150

Finland

7

Djibouti

650

Ethiopia

720

El Salvador 170

Norway

7

Somalia 1 400

Congo

740

Jamaica 170

Belgium

8

Afghanistan 1 800

Côte d'Ivoire

810

Nicaragua 170

France

8

Mauritania

820

Ecuador 210

Malta

8

Zambia

830

Peru 240

Poland

8

Benin

840

Honduras 280

United Kingdom

8

Zimbabwe

880

Bolivia 290

Cyprus 10

Guinea

910

Guatemala 290

Latvia 10

United Republic of Tanzania

950

Guyana 470

Lesotho

960

Haiti 670

Mali

970

No Data

Central African Republic

980

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Portugal 11

Senegal

980

Dominica

…

Luxembourg 12

Cameroon 1 000

Grenada

…

Belarus 18

Burundi 1 100

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Ukraine 18

Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 100

Saint Lucia

…

Republic of Moldova 22

Guinea-Bissau 1 100

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Regional average

900

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

10

Bulgaria 11 Lithuania 11

Regional average

Liberia 1 200

Estonia 25

Russian Federation 28

Rwanda 1 300

9 13

Republic of Korea

14

58

Georgia 66

Chad 1 500

Thailand 110

Armenia 76

Niger 1 800

Maldives 120

Azerbaijan 82

Sierra Leone 2 100

Democratic People's Republic of Korea 370

Albania 92

Myanmar 380

Turkmenistan 130

No Data Sao Tome and Principe

…

Timor-Leste 380

Kazakhstan 140

Seychelles

…

Indonesia 420

Kyrgyzstan 150

Regional average

Bhutan 440

Bangladesh 570

Andorra …

Nepal 830

Monaco …

27

46

Malaysia

62

Philippines 230 Cambodia 540 Lao People's Democratic Republic 660 No Data Cook Islands … Kiribati … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) …

San Marino … Serbia …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the estimated maternal mortality for each country for 2005 with countries sorted by level within each WHO region.

16

Mongolia

Papua New Guinea 470

Montenegro …

Further details can be found in Table 2.

45

Fiji 210

No Data

India 450

14

China

Solomon Islands 220

Tajikistan 170

450

Singapore

Viet Nam 150

Turkey 44 Sri Lanka

Angola 1 400

6

Brunei Darussalam

Romania 24

Nigeria 1 100

4

Japan New Zealand

Regional average

Uzbekistan 24

Malawi 1 100

Australia

Nauru … Niue … Palau … Samoa … Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

420

82

5. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Mauritius

99

Antigua and Barbuda

100

Albania

100

Kuwait

100

Botswana

94

Barbados

100

Belarus

100

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

100

Algeria

95

Canada

100

Cyprus

100

Qatar

100

South Africa

91

Saint Kitts and Nevis

100

Germany

100

United Arab Emirates

100

Congo

86

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

100

Ireland

100

Jordan

99

Gabon

86

Cuba

100

Latvia

100

Bahrain

99

Namibia

81

Chile

100

Lithuania

100

Lebanon

98

Sao Tome and Principe

81

Argentina

99

Luxembourg

100

Oman

98

Cape Verde

78

United States of America

99

Malta

100

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

97

Benin

78

Bahamas

99

Netherlands

100

Saudi Arabia

96

Swaziland

74

Grenada

99

Switzerland

100

Syrian Arab Republic

93

Democratic Republic of the Congo

74

Uruguay

99

Turkmenistan

100

Djibouti

93

Zimbabwe

69

Ecuador

99

Croatia

100

Tunisia

90

Equatorial Guinea

63

Trinidad and Tobago

98

Czech Republic

100

Iraq

89

Cameroon

63

Saint Lucia

98

Finland

100

Egypt

79

Togo

62

Dominican Republic

98

Kazakhstan

100

Morocco

63

Comoros

62

Brazil

97

Poland

100

Sudan

49

Regional average

Mauritania

61

Jamaica

97

Portugal

100

Pakistan

39

Côte d'Ivoire

57

Colombia

96

Slovenia

100

Yemen

36

Gambia

57

Belize

96

Uzbekistan

100

Somalia

33

Lesotho

55

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

95

Estonia

100

Afghanistan

14

Burkina Faso

54

Costa Rica

94

Hungary

100

Bosnia and Herzegovina

100

Republic of Moldova

100

91

Russian Federation

100

90

Slovakia

100

Cook Islands

100

99

Malaysia

100

Malawi

54

Dominica

94

Central African Republic

54

Mexico

94

Rwanda

52

Senegal

52

Madagascar

51

El Salvador

84

Bulgaria

Ghana

50

Guyana

83

Italy

99

Niue

100

Mali

49

Paraguay

77

Serbia

99

Palau

100

Mozambique

48

Nicaragua

74

Romania

99

Republic of Korea

100

Angola

47

Peru

73

Montenegro

99

Samoa

100

Zambia

47

Honduras

67

Ukraine

99

Tuvalu

100

Liberia

46

Bolivia

66

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

98

Japan

100

United Republic of Tanzania Regional average Sierra Leone

46

Guatemala

41

Armenia

98

Brunei Darussalam

100

Haiti

26

Kyrgyzstan

98

Singapore

100

Uganda

42

Georgia

98

Australia

99

Kenya

42

Azerbaijan

89

Mongolia

99

Guinea-Bissau

39

Tajikistan

83

Tonga

99

Guinea

38

Turkey

83

Fiji

99

Nigeria

35

China

98

Burundi

34

Eritrea

28

Niger

18

Maldives

84

Chad

14

Indonesia

73

Ethiopia

6

Myanmar

57

Bhutan

51

India

47

Timor-Leste

19

Nepal

19

Bangladesh

18

Regional average

Panama Suriname

46

42

Regional average

No data

Thailand

97

Andorra

…

Nauru

97

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

97

Austria

…

Marshall Islands

95

Belgium

…

Denmark

…

New Zealand

94

France

…

Vanuatu

93 90

…

Key Country trend 1990

96

99

Sri Lanka

No data Seychelles

92

Regional average

48

Latest available

Regional average

Greece

…

Kiribati

Iceland

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

88

Israel

…

Viet Nam

88

Monaco

…

Norway

…

Philippines

60

San Marino

…

Cambodia

44

Spain

…

Solomon Islands

43

Sweden

…

Papua New Guinea

39

United Kingdom

…

Lao People's Democratic Republic

20

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. The bold lines indicate trends with baselines established between 1990–1999. Further details can be found in Table 4. 17

59

92

6. Contraceptive prevalence (%)

Mauritius 75.9

Colombia 78.2

United Kingdom 82.0

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 73.8

Algeria 61.4

Uruguay 77.0

France 81.8

Morocco 63.0

South Africa 60.3

Cuba 73.3

Albania 75.1

Tunisia 62.6

Zimbabwe 60.2

Paraguay 72.8

Turkey 71.0

Egypt 59.2

Swaziland 46.0

United States of America 72.8

Romania 70.0

Syrian Arab Republic 58.3

Botswana 44.4

Ecuador 72.7

Republic of Moldova 67.8

Jordan 55.8

Congo 44.3

Peru 71.3

Portugal 67.1

Namibia 43.7

Mexico 70.9

Uzbekistan 64.9

Regional average

70.0

Regional average

Iraq 49.8

Dominican Republic 69.8

Turkmenistan 61.8

Yemen 23.1

Kenya 39.3

Jamaica 69.0

Azerbaijan 55.4

Djibouti 17.8

Lesotho 37.3

Afghanistan 10.3

Malawi 41.7

Nicaragua 68.6

Armenia 53.1

Zambia 34.2

El Salvador 67.3

Bosnia and Herzegovina 47.5

Sudan

Gabon 32.7

Argentina 65.3

Georgia 47.3

No Data

7.6

Honduras 65.2

Serbia 41.2

Bahrain

…

Sao Tome and Principe 29.3

Chile 60.7

Tajikistan 37.9

Kuwait

…

Central African Republic 27.9

Bolivia 58.4

13.5

Lebanon

…

Madagascar 27.1

Guatemala 43.3

United Republic of Tanzania 26.4

Suriname 42.1

Cameroon 26.0

Democratic Republic of the Congo 31.4

Regional average

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

No Data

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Oman

… …

Andorra …

Trinidad and Tobago 38.2

Austria …

Qatar

Comoros 25.7

Guyana 34.6

Belarus …

Saudi Arabia

…

Togo 25.7

Haiti 32.0

Belgium …

Somalia

…

Bulgaria …

United Arab Emirates

…

Ghana 25.2

No Data

24.4

Croatia …

Uganda 23.7

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Burundi 19.7

Bahamas

…

Cyprus …

Benin 18.6

Barbados

…

Czech Republic …

Rwanda 17.4

Belize

…

Denmark …

Mozambique 16.5

Brazil

…

Estonia …

Ethiopia 14.7

Canada

…

Finland …

Burkina Faso 13.8

Costa Rica

…

Germany …

Nigeria 12.6

Dominica

…

Greece …

Senegal 11.8

Grenada

…

Hungary …

Niger 11.2

Panama

…

Iceland …

Gambia

9.6

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Ireland …

Guinea

9.1

Saint Lucia

…

Israel …

Mali

8.1

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Italy …

…

Kazakhstan …

Eritrea

8.0

Mauritania

8.0

Kyrgyzstan …

Guinea-Bissau

7.6

Latvia …

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Angola

6.2

Lithuania …

Sierra Leone

5.3

Luxembourg …

Chad

2.8

Thailand 71.5

Malta …

Sri Lanka 70.0

Monaco …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea 68.6

Montenegro … Netherlands …

No Data Cape Verde

…

Côte d'Ivoire

…

Indonesia 60.3

Equatorial Guinea

…

Bangladesh 58.1

Liberia

…

Seychelles

…

Regional average

43.0

Pakistan 27.6

Regional average

Mongolia 69.0 Japan 52.0 Philippines 48.9 Cambodia 40.0 Lao People's Democratic Republic 32.2 No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands … Fiji … Kiribati … Malaysia … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue …

Norway …

57.2

Poland …

India 56.3

Russian Federation …

Nepal 48.0

San Marino …

Maldives 39.0

Palau … Papua New Guinea … Republic of Korea … Samoa …

Slovakia …

Myanmar 37.0

Slovenia …

Bhutan 30.7

Spain …

Timor-Leste 10.0

Singapore … Solomon Islands …

Sweden … Switzerland … Ukraine …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of women married or cohabiting who report current use of at least one method of contraception. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 4. 18

China 90.2 Viet Nam 78.5

Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

85.5

7. Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years)

Algeria

4

Canada

14

San Marino

1

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

4

Burundi

30

Trinidad and Tobago

35

Netherlands

4

Tunisia

6

Mauritius

35

United States of America

41

Switzerland

4

Saudi Arabia

7

Rwanda

40

Cuba

42

Slovenia

5

Oman

11

Botswana

51

Bahamas

43

Cyprus

6

Kuwait

14

Namibia

51

Dominica

48

Denmark

6

Bahrain

15

Seychelles

54

Chile

49

Sweden

6

Qatar

16

South Africa

54

Saint Lucia

49

Italy

7

Lebanon

18

Ghana

74

Barbados

51

France

8

Morocco

18

Eritrea

85

Grenada

53

Finland

9

Pakistan

20

Mauritania

88

Brazil

56

Norway

9

United Arab Emirates

23

Sao Tome and Principe

91

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

57

Andorra 10

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

25

Cape Verde

92

Jamaica

58

Belgium 10

Djibouti

27

Comoros

95

Peru

59

Germany 10

Egypt

27

Lesotho

98

Argentina

62

Luxembourg 10

Jordan

28

Sierra Leone

98

Costa Rica

63

Czech Republic 11

Iraq

68

Suriname

63

Greece 11

Syrian Arab Republic

75

Yemen

80

Regional average

Regional average

61

Regional average

Senegal

100

Zimbabwe

101

Uruguay

63

Austria 12

Gambia

104

Paraguay

65

Spain 12

Somalia

123 151

Ethiopia

109

Antigua and Barbuda

67

Albania 13

Afghanistan

Côte d'Ivoire

111

El Salvador

67

Croatia 13

No Data

Swaziland

111

Haiti

69

Poland 13

Sudan

Benin

114

Saint Kitts and Nevis

74

Iceland 14

Kenya

116

Mexico

82

Israel 15

117

Democratic Republic of the Congo

124

Panama

85

Bosnia and Herzegovina 16

Nigeria

126

Bolivia

88

Montenegro 16

Equatorial Guinea

128

Belize

90

Ireland 17

Burkina Faso

131

Guyana

90

Latvia 17

Congo

132

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

91

Malta 17

Central African Republic

133

Guatemala

92

Portugal 17

Liberia

137

Colombia

96

139

Cameroon

141

Ecuador 100

Belarus 20

Zambia

146

Honduras 108

Estonia 20

Guinea

153

Nicaragua 109

Hungary 20

Madagascar

154

Turkmenistan 20

Uganda

159

Slovakia 21

Angola

165

Guinea-Bissau

170

98

Regional average

Serbia 24

Malawi

178 185

Maldives

8

United Kingdom 26

Mali

190

Sri Lanka

28

Uzbekistan 26

Chad

193

India

45

Kazakhstan 27

Niger

199

Bhutan

46

Tajikistan 27

Thailand

46

Kyrgyzstan 28

Indonesia

54

Timor-Leste

59

Ukraine 30

Nepal 106

Romania 35

Bangladesh 127

Georgia 37

… …

Regional average

56

Bulgaria 38

No Data

Azerbaijan 44

Myanmar …

Turkey 51

13

Australia

15

Tonga

16

Mongolia

19

Tuvalu

22

New Zealand

29

Samoa

29

Fiji

30

Palau

31

Viet Nam

35

Kiribati

39

Cook Islands

47

Micronesia (Federated States of)

51

Cambodia

52

Philippines

55

Nauru

69

Papua New Guinea

70

Marshall Islands

88

Lao People's Democratic Republic 110 No Data Solomon Islands …

Monaco …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows estimated adolescent fertility, also known as the birth rate: births in 15–19-year-old girls per 1000 girls in this age group per year. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000.

19

Malaysia

26

No Data

Further details can be found in Table 9.

6

28

Russian Federation 28

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

5

Niue

Republic of Moldova 25

No Data Togo

24

Japan Singapore

Brunei Darussalam

Armenia 25

Mozambique

Gabon

5

19

United Republic of Tanzania

Dominican Republic

2

China

Lithuania 19 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Republic of Korea

Regional average

35

Vanuatu …

11

8. Antenatal care coverage (%) : at least 1 visit

Cape Verde

98

Antigua and Barbuda 100

Kazakhstan 100

Oman

100

Gambia

98

Barbados 100

Belarus 99

Jordan

99

Botswana

97

Cuba 100

Bosnia and Herzegovina 99

Lebanon

96

Sao Tome and Principe

97

Dominica 100

Turkmenistan 99

Djibouti

92

Rwanda

96

Grenada 100

Ukraine 99

Tunisia

92

Namibia

95

Saint Kitts and Nevis 100

Uzbekistan 99

Iraq

84

Gabon

94

Argentina

99

Republic of Moldova 98

Syrian Arab Republic

84

Uganda

94

Dominican Republic

99

Serbia 98

Egypt

74

Zambia

94

Saint Lucia

99

Albania 97

Morocco

68

Zimbabwe

94

Bahamas

98

Kyrgyzstan 97

Sudan

64

Burundi

92

Brazil

97

Montenegro 97

Pakistan

61

Ghana

92

Uruguay

97

Georgia 94

Yemen

47

Romania 94

Somalia

26

94

Afghanistan

16

Armenia 93

No Data

Regional average

Malawi

92

Trinidad and Tobago

96

South Africa

92

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

95

Lesotho

90

Belize

94

Algeria

89

Colombia

94

Turkey 81

Bahrain

Kenya

88

Paraguay

94

Azerbaijan 77

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Senegal

87

94

Tajikistan 77

Kuwait

…

Sierra Leone

87

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Regional average Costa Rica

92

No Data

Congo

86

Honduras

92

Andorra …

Equatorial Guinea

86

Jamaica

91

Burkina Faso

85

Peru

91

Côte d'Ivoire

85

Nicaragua

90

Bulgaria …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

85

Suriname

90

Croatia …

Mozambique

85

El Salvador

86

Cyprus …

Swaziland

85

Haiti

85

Czech Republic …

Mongolia

Benin

84

Ecuador

84

Denmark …

Viet Nam

91

Togo

84

Guatemala

84

Estonia …

China

90

Cameroon

82

Guyana

81

Finland …

Guinea

82

Philippines

88

Bolivia

77

Angola

80

No Data

Madagascar

80

Canada

…

Greece …

Liberia

79

Chile

…

Hungary …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

94

…

Qatar

…

Austria …

Saudi Arabia

…

Belgium …

United Arab Emirates

…

France …

Guinea-Bissau

78

Mexico

…

Iceland …

78

Panama

…

Ireland …

Mauritania

75

United States of America

…

Israel …

Comoros

75

Malaysia

79 69

Lao People's Democratic Republic

35

Eritrea

70

No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands …

Italy …

73

Fiji …

Latvia …

Mali

70

Lithuania …

Central African Republic

69

Luxembourg …

Nigeria

58

Maldives 100

Niger

46

Sri Lanka

99

Monaco …

Chad

39

Thailand

98

Netherlands …

Ethiopia

28

Indonesia

93

Norway …

Bhutan

88

Poland …

No Data

Malta …

Mauritius

…

Myanmar

76

Portugal …

Seychelles

…

India

74

Russian Federation …

Timor-Leste

61

Bangladesh

51

Nepal

44

Regional average

74

San Marino …

Japan … Kiribati … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue … Palau … Papua New Guinea … Republic of Korea … Samoa …

Slovakia … Slovenia … Spain …

No Data

Singapore … Solomon Islands …

Sweden …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Switzerland … United Kingdom …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of women who received antenatal care from skilled health personnel at least once during pregnancy. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 4. 20

99

Cambodia

Germany …

United Republic of Tanzania

Regional average

…

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Regional average

61

Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

89

9. Unmet need for family planning (%)

Uganda 40.6

Haiti 37.5

Georgia 16.4

Yemen 50.9

Rwanda 37.9

Bolivia 22.7

Armenia 13.3

Syrian Arab Republic 30.6

Ghana 34.0

Honduras 16.9

Romania 11.9

Djibouti 26.3

Ethiopia 33.8

Nicaragua 14.6

Azerbaijan 11.5

Tunisia 12.1

Mauritania 31.6

Dominican Republic 10.9

Turkmenistan 10.1

Jordan 11.0

Senegal 31.6

El Salvador

8.9

Republic of Moldova 6.7

Egypt 10.3

Lesotho 30.9

Peru

8.1

Turkey 6.0

Morocco 10.0

Burundi 29.4

Paraguay

6.6

France 3.2

No Data

Burkina Faso 28.8

Colombia

5.8

Albania 1.2

Afghanistan

…

Mali 28.5

Ecuador

5.0

Bahrain

…

Gabon 28.0

No Data

Malawi 27.6

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Zambia 27.4

Argentina

…

Benin 27.2

Bahamas

…

Eritrea 27.0

Barbados

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Namibia 25.1

Belize

…

Bulgaria …

Oman

…

No Data Andorra …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Austria …

Iraq

…

Belarus …

Kuwait

…

Belgium …

Lebanon

…

Algeria 24.6

Brazil

…

Croatia …

Pakistan

…

Kenya 24.5

Canada

…

Cyprus …

Qatar

…

Madagascar 23.6

Chile

…

Czech Republic …

Saudi Arabia

…

Chad 23.3

Costa Rica

…

Denmark …

Somalia

…

United Republic of Tanzania 21.8

Cuba

…

Estonia …

Sudan

…

Guinea 21.2

Dominica

…

Finland …

United Arab Emirates

…

Cameroon 20.2

Grenada

…

Germany …

Mozambique 18.4

Guatemala

…

Greece …

Nigeria 16.9

Guyana

…

Hungary …

Congo 16.2

Jamaica

…

Iceland …

Niger 15.8

Mexico

…

Ireland …

Zimbabwe 12.8

Panama

…

Israel …

Regional average

Mauritius

24.4

3.3

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

No Data Angola

…

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Botswana

…

Suriname

…

Latvia …

Cape Verde

…

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Central African Republic

…

United States of America

…

Luxembourg …

Comoros

…

Uruguay

…

Malta …

Côte d'Ivoire

…

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

…

Equatorial Guinea

…

Netherlands …

Gambia

…

Norway …

Guinea-Bissau

…

Liberia

…

Maldives 37.0

Portugal …

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Nepal 24.6

Russian Federation …

Seychelles

…

Myanmar 19.1

San Marino …

Sierra Leone

…

South Africa

…

Bangladesh 11.3

Swaziland

…

Indonesia 8.6

Togo

…

Poland …

India 12.8

12.4

Mongolia 4.6 No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … China … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Malaysia … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Nauru … New Zealand …

Serbia …

Spain …

Sri Lanka 8.0

Niue … Palau … Papua New Guinea … Republic of Korea …

Sweden …

Samoa …

Switzerland …

No Data Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Viet Nam 4.8

Slovakia … Slovenia …

Timor-Leste 3.8 Bhutan …

Cambodia 25.1 Philippines 17.3

Monaco … Montenegro …

Regional average

Lao People's Democratic Republic 39.5

Tajikistan … The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Singapore … Solomon Islands …

…

Ukraine …

Thailand …

United Kingdom … Uzbekistan …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of women who are fertile and sexually active but report that they are not using any method of contraception. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000 . Further details can be found in Table 4. 21

Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

10. Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥15 years per 100 000 population

Comoros

<41

Cuba

67

Slovakia

<11

Egypt

18

Algeria

87

Bolivia

132

Turkmenistan

<14

Tunisia

46

Madagascar

116

Nicaragua

211

Czech Republic

17

Pakistan

89

Gambia

741

Chile

244

Slovenia

<29

Morocco

95

Mauritania

744

Mexico

267

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

<30

Lebanon

101

Niger

757

Canada

268

Hungary

39

Senegal

886

Ecuador

275

Finland

55

Benin

1 161

Costa Rica

295

Malta

59

495

Sudan

1 253 2 870

Eritrea

1 264

Peru

382

Poland

59

Djibouti

1 348

Uruguay

391

Germany

73

No Data

Argentina

409

Mali

1 437

Burkina Faso

1 498

Guinea

Regional average

448

163 202

Somalia

Mauritius

Georgia

75

Afghanistan

…

77

Bahrain

…

United States of America

452

Lithuania

1 520

Colombia

490

Romania

77

Iraq

…

Sierra Leone

1 523

Paraguay

501

Norway

79

Jordan

…

Liberia

1 615

Brazil

510

Serbia

79

Kuwait

…

Guinea-Bissau

1 692

Honduras

598

Sweden

82

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Ghana

1 722

Guatemala

691

Uzbekistan

85

Oman

…

Burundi

1 903

El Salvador

743

Israel

98

Qatar

…

Ethiopia

1 907

Panama

810

Armenia

99

Saudi Arabia

…

Angola

1 962

Dominican Republic

902

Kazakhstan

102

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Rwanda

2 342

Barbados

914

Denmark

108

United Arab Emirates

…

Nigeria

2 886

Trinidad and Tobago

1 240

Kyrgyzstan

113

Yemen

…

Chad

3 102

Jamaica

1 386

Greece

115

Haiti

1 823

Azerbaijan

120

1 863

Netherlands

134

2 066

Austria

138

Japan

9

Guyana

2 360

United Kingdom

154

Philippines

14

2 508

Belarus

158

Republic of Korea

33

Ireland

161

New Zealand

42

Belgium

172

Mongolia

<52

Togo

3 184

Congo

3 330

Equatorial Guinea

3 343

Côte d'Ivoire

Belize Suriname

3 697 4 735

Regional average Cameroon

4 580

Bahamas

Uganda

5 155

No Data

Gabon

5 308

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Central African Republic

5 582

Dominica

…

Iceland

<212

Tajikistan

239

United Republic of Tanzania

5 771

Grenada

…

Malawi

11 367

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

France

278

Mozambique

11 761

Saint Lucia

…

Republic of Moldova

286

Namibia

13 885

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Italy

296

Zimbabwe

14 609

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Spain

Zambia

15 087

South Africa

16 293

Regional average

China

65 89

Australia

107

Singapore

113

Lao People's Democratic Republic

149

Malaysia

428

370

Viet Nam

446

Portugal

379

Cambodia

755

Switzerland

398

Papua New Guinea

1 395

Regional average

336

Lesotho

21 548

Latvia

509

No Data

Botswana

22 757

Bangladesh

11

Russian Federation

774

24 301

Sri Lanka

25

871

…

Swaziland

Estonia

Brunei Darussalam

<109

1 082

…

Bhutan

Ukraine

Cook Islands Fiji

…

Indonesia

161

No Data Cape Verde

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

…

Kenya

…

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Seychelles

…

No Data

Country trend

…

Kiribati

…

Andorra

…

Marshall Islands

…

290 295

Nepal

389

Bosnia and Herzegovina

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Myanmar

667

Bulgaria

…

Nauru

…

Thailand

1 191

Croatia

…

Cyprus

…

Niue

…

Luxembourg

…

Palau

…

Monaco

…

Samoa

…

Montenegro

…

Solomon Islands

…

San Marino

…

Tonga

…

Turkey

…

Tuvalu

…

Vanuatu

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

…

Maldives

…

Timor-Leste

…

Key

Albania

India

Regional average

No Data

1990

Iran (Islamic Republic of) Regional average

Latest available

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the estimated prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15–49 years with countries sorted by 2007 level within each WHO region. Limited data availability for the MDG target age group 15–24 has obliged us to report prevalence in the 15+ age group. The bold lines indicate trends since 2001. Further details can be found in Table 2. 22

11. Proportion of males aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Namibia

62

Guyana

47

Ukraine 43

No Data

Rwanda

54

Haiti

40

Armenia 15

Afghanistan

…

Swaziland

52

Dominican Republic

34

Azerbaijan

Bahrain

…

18

No Data

Djibouti

…

Albania …

Egypt

…

…

Andorra …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Argentina

…

Austria …

Iraq

…

37

Bahamas

…

Belarus …

Jordan

…

36

Barbados

…

Belgium …

Kuwait

…

Malawi

36

Belize

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Lebanon

…

Benin

35

Brazil

…

Bulgaria …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Congo

35

Canada

…

Croatia …

Morocco

…

Cameroon

34

Chile

…

Cyprus …

Oman

…

Ethiopia

33

Colombia

…

Czech Republic …

Pakistan

…

Ghana

33

Costa Rica

…

Denmark …

Qatar

…

Mozambique

33

Kenya

47

Bolivia

Zimbabwe

46

No Data

United Republic of Tanzania

40

Antigua and Barbuda

Uganda

38

Zambia Cape Verde

Regional average

5

30

Cuba

…

Estonia …

Saudi Arabia

…

Dominica

…

Finland …

Somalia

… …

Côte d'Ivoire

28

Central African Republic

27

Ecuador

…

France …

Sudan

26

El Salvador

…

Georgia …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Burkina Faso

23

Grenada

…

Germany …

Tunisia

…

Guinea

23

Guatemala

…

Greece …

United Arab Emirates

…

Mali

22

Honduras

…

Hungary …

Yemen

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

21

Jamaica

…

Iceland …

21

Mexico

…

Ireland …

19

Nicaragua

…

Israel …

…

Italy …

Senegal

Nigeria Chad Lesotho

19

Panama

Madagascar

16

Paraguay

…

Kazakhstan …

Niger

16

Peru

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Latvia …

…

Lithuania …

No Data Algeria

…

Saint Lucia

Angola

…

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Luxembourg …

Botswana

…

Suriname

…

Malta …

Burundi

…

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Monaco …

Comoros

…

United States of America

…

Montenegro …

Equatorial Guinea

…

Uruguay

…

Netherlands …

Eritrea

…

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Norway …

Gabon

…

Poland …

Gambia

…

Portugal …

Guinea-Bissau

…

Republic of Moldova …

Liberia

…

Romania …

Mauritania

…

Nepal

44

Russian Federation …

Mauritius

…

India

36

San Marino …

Sao Tome and Principe

…

No Data

Serbia …

Seychelles

…

Bangladesh …

Slovakia …

Sierra Leone

…

Bhutan …

Slovenia …

South Africa

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Spain …

Togo

…

Indonesia …

Sweden …

Maldives …

Switzerland …

Myanmar …

Tajikistan …

Sri Lanka …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Thailand …

Turkey …

Timor-Leste …

Turkmenistan … United Kingdom …

Viet Nam

50

Cambodia

45

Marshall Islands

39

Philippines

18

No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … China … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Lao People's Democratic Republic … Malaysia … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Mongolia … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue … Palau … Papua New Guinea … Republic of Korea … Samoa … Singapore … Solomon Islands … Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

Uzbekistan …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of men who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, who reject the two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 5. 23

12. Proportion of females aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Namibia

65

Jamaica

60

Bosnia and Herzegovina 48

Djibouti

18

Swaziland

52

Guyana

53

Serbia 42

Morocco

12

Rwanda

51

Dominican Republic

41

Ukraine 42

Syrian Arab Republic

7

United Republic of Tanzania

45

Suriname

41

Belarus 34

Somalia

4

Sao Tome and Principe

44

Haiti

34

Uzbekistan 31

Iraq

3

Zimbabwe

44

Cuba

30

Montenegro 30

No Data

Gambia

39

Honduras

30

27

Afghanistan

…

Eritrea

37

Trinidad and Tobago

28

Armenia 23

Bahrain

…

Cape Verde

36

Nicaragua

22

Kazakhstan 22

Egypt

…

Kenya

34

Peru

19

Kyrgyzstan 20

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Zambia

34

Bolivia

15

Albania

6

Jordan

…

Uganda

32

No Data

Azerbaijan

6

Kuwait

…

Burundi

30

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Tajikistan

3

Lebanon

…

Togo

28

Argentina

…

No Data

Cameroon

27

Bahamas

…

Lesotho

27

Barbados

…

Congo

26

Belize

…

Ghana

25

Brazil

Malawi

24

Senegal

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Andorra …

Oman

…

Austria …

Pakistan

…

…

Qatar

…

…

Bulgaria …

Saudi Arabia

…

Canada

…

Croatia …

Sudan

…

21

Chile

…

Cyprus …

Tunisia

…

Ethiopia

20

Colombia

…

Czech Republic …

United Arab Emirates

…

Mozambique

20

Costa Rica

…

Denmark …

Yemen

…

Madagascar

19

Dominica

…

Estonia …

18

Ecuador

…

Finland …

18

El Salvador

…

France …

Guinea-Bissau

18

Grenada

…

Georgia …

Mali

18

Guatemala

…

Germany …

Regional average

Comoros Côte d'Ivoire

23

Belgium

Nigeria

18

Mexico

…

Greece …

Central African Republic

17

Panama

…

Hungary …

Guinea

17

Paraguay

…

Iceland …

Sierra Leone

17

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Ireland …

Benin

16

Saint Lucia

…

Israel …

Burkina Faso

15

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Italy …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

15

United States of America

…

Latvia …

Algeria

13

Uruguay

…

Lithuania …

Niger

13

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Luxembourg …

Chad

7

Equatorial Guinea

4

Malta … Monaco … Netherlands …

No Data Angola

…

Botswana

…

Gabon

…

Liberia

…

Mauritania

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

South Africa

…

Norway …

Regional average

Thailand

46

Nepal

28

India

20

Bangladesh

16

Poland … Portugal …

21

Republic of Moldova … Romania … Russian Federation …

No Data

San Marino …

Bhutan …

Slovakia …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Slovenia …

Indonesia …

Spain …

Maldives …

Sweden …

Myanmar …

Switzerland …

Sri Lanka …

Turkey …

Timor-Leste …

Turkmenistan …

Cambodia

50

Viet Nam

42

Mongolia

35

Marshall Islands

27

Philippines

12

No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … China … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Lao People's Democratic Republic … Malaysia … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue … Palau … Papua New Guinea … Republic of Korea … Samoa … Singapore … Solomon Islands … Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

United Kingdom …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of women who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, who reject the two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 5. 24

13. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%)

Namibia

88

Costa Rica >95

Romania 73

Morocco

31

Botswana

79

Cuba >95

Republic of Moldova 58

Tunisia

29

Rwanda

71

Chile

82

Poland 36

Lebanon

26

Senegal

56

Brazil

80

Uzbekistan 24

Djibouti

16

Benin

49

Argentina

73

Kazakhstan 23

Egypt

9

Zambia

46

57

Hungary 22

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

5

Gabon

42

Panama

56

Belarus 20

Swaziland

42

Uruguay

56

Lithuania 18

Mali

41

El Salvador

51

Serbia 17

Kenya

38

Belize

49

Russian Federation 16

Afghanistan

…

Burkina Faso

35

Peru

48

Latvia 15

Bahrain

…

Regional average

Mexico

62

Regional average

Regional average

Pakistan

3

Sudan

1

No Data

17

Malawi

35

Honduras

47

Azerbaijan 14

Iraq

…

Uganda

33

Guyana

45

Kyrgyzstan 14

Jordan

…

Equatorial Guinea

31

Suriname

45

Armenia 12

Kuwait

…

United Republic of Tanzania

31

Jamaica

43

Ukraine

8

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Ecuador

42

Tajikistan

6

Oman

…

No Data

Regional average

30

Ethiopia

29

Côte d'Ivoire

28

Haiti

41

Qatar

…

South Africa

28

Colombia

38

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

Guinea

27

Dominican Republic

38

Andorra …

Somalia

…

Lesotho

26

Guatemala

37

Austria …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Nigeria

26

Nicaragua

30

Belgium …

United Arab Emirates

…

Angola

25

Bolivia

22

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Yemen

…

22

Bulgaria …

Cameroon

25

Paraguay

Democratic Republic of the Congo

24

No Data

Mozambique

24

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Cyprus …

Burundi

23

Bahamas

…

Czech Republic …

Mauritania

23

Barbados

…

Denmark …

Cambodia

Mauritius

22

Canada

…

Estonia …

Papua New Guinea

38

Central African Republic

21

Dominica

…

Finland …

Malaysia

35

Philippines

31

Viet Nam

26

China

19

Croatia …

Algeria

20

Grenada

…

France …

Guinea-Bissau

20

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Georgia …

Sierra Leone

20

Saint Lucia

…

Germany …

Togo

19

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Greece …

Gambia

18

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Iceland …

Congo

17

United States of America

…

Ireland …

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Israel …

Liberia

17

Zimbabwe

17

Italy …

Ghana

15

Luxembourg …

Chad

13

Malta …

Eritrea

13

Monaco …

Niger

10

Madagascar

4

Thailand

61

25

Montenegro …

Indonesia

15

Netherlands …

Myanmar

15

Norway …

…

Sri Lanka

14

Portugal …

No Data Cape Verde

Regional average

5

Comoros

…

Bangladesh

7

San Marino …

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Nepal

7

Slovakia …

Seychelles

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

0

Slovenia … Spain …

No Data

Sweden …

Bhutan …

Switzerland …

India … Maldives …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Turkey …

Timor-Leste …

Turkmenistan …

Lao People's Democratic Republic >95

Regional average

67

No Data Australia … Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Mongolia … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue … Palau … Republic of Korea … Samoa … Singapore … Solomon Islands … Tonga … Tuvalu … Vanuatu …

United Kingdom …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of people with advanced HIV infection currently receiving antiretroviral therapy according to standards of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS for each country for 2007 with countries sorted by level within each WHO region. Further details can be found in Table 4. 25

28

14. Malaria mortality rate per 100 000 population

Algeria

0

Argentina

0

Armenia

0

Egypt

0

Cape Verde

<1

El Salvador

<1

Azerbaijan

0

Iraq

0

South Africa

<1

Mexico

<1

Turkmenistan

0

Morocco

0

Swaziland

<1

Paraguay

<1

Georgia

<1

Oman

0

Botswana

2

Costa Rica

<1

Kyrgyzstan

<1

Saudi Arabia

0

Eritrea

2

Belize

<1

Turkey

<1

Syrian Arab Republic

0

Zimbabwe

10

Bolivia

<1

Uzbekistan

<1

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

<1

<1

Afghanistan

<1

Pakistan

<1

Madagascar

12

Brazil

<1

Tajikistan

Sao Tome and Principe

19

Colombia

<1

No Data

Comoros

36

Dominican Republic

<1

Albania

…

Yemen

4

Namibia

47

Ecuador

<1

Andorra

…

Djibouti

14

Ethiopia

51

Guatemala

<1

Austria

…

Somalia

41

Rwanda

59

Honduras

<1

Belarus

…

Sudan

85

Kenya

74

Nicaragua

<1

Belgium

…

No Data

Regional average

Senegal

80

Panama

<1

Bosnia and Herzegovina

…

Bahrain

…

Mauritania

85

Peru

<1

Bulgaria

…

Jordan

…

Mozambique

92

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

<1

Croatia

…

Kuwait

…

Burundi

94

…

Malawi Gabon

Suriname

5

Cyprus

…

Lebanon

95

Haiti

8

Czech Republic

…

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

96

Guyana

10

Denmark

…

Qatar

…

United Republic of Tanzania

98

Central African Republic

100

Côte d'Ivoire

103

Regional average

Gambia Ghana

<1

Regional average

Estonia

…

Tunisia

…

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Finland

…

United Arab Emirates

…

Bahamas

…

France

…

Barbados

…

Germany

…

…

Greece

… … …

No Data 104

106 109

Canada

Togo

113

Chile

…

Hungary

Cameroon

116

Cuba

…

Iceland

Zambia

121

Dominica

…

Ireland

…

Congo

124

Grenada

…

Israel

…

Angola

128

Jamaica

…

Italy

…

Uganda

145

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Kazakhstan

…

Benin

146

Saint Lucia

…

Latvia

…

Sierra Leone

154

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Lithuania

…

Nigeria

156

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Luxembourg

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

158

United States of America

…

Malta

…

Guinea

164

Uruguay

…

Monaco

…

Liberia

171

Montenegro

…

Chad

173

Netherlands

…

Burkina Faso

178

Norway

…

Guinea-Bissau

180

Poland

…

Mali

201

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

0

Portugal

…

Equatorial Guinea

220

Sri Lanka

<1

Republic of Moldova

…

Niger

229

No Data Lesotho

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

Regional average

Nepal

<1

Romania

…

Thailand

<1

Russian Federation

…

India

1

San Marino

…

Indonesia

2

Bhutan

3

Bangladesh

4

Myanmar

19

Timor-Leste

93

No Data Maldives

…

Serbia

…

Slovakia

…

Slovenia

…

Spain

…

Sweden

…

Switzerland

…

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Ukraine

…

United Kingdom

…

2

Republic of Korea

0

China

<1

Malaysia

<1

Philippines

<1

Viet Nam

<1

Lao People's Democratic Republic

1

Regional average

Cambodia

4

Vanuatu

13

Solomon Islands

30

Papua New Guinea

45

No Data Australia

…

Cook Islands

…

Fiji

…

Japan

…

Kiribati

…

Marshall Islands

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Mongolia

…

Nauru

…

New Zealand

…

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the estimated number of deaths from malaria for 2006 with countries sorted by level within each WHO region. Further details can be found in Table 2. 26

…

Brunei Darussalam

Niue

…

Palau

…

Samoa

…

Singapore

…

Tonga

…

Tuvalu

…

7

<1

15. Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (%)

Azerbaijan

1

Sudan

Tajikistan

1

Somalia

9

Djibouti

1

Armenia …

Iraq

0

Georgia …

No Data

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Afghanistan

…

…

Russian Federation …

Egypt

…

Niger

56

Suriname

Gambia

49

No Data

Ethiopia

42

Argentina

…

No Data

Sao Tome and Principe

42

Bahamas

…

Guinea-Bissau

39

Belize

…

Togo

38

Bolivia

Mali

27

Brazil

3

28

Malawi

23

Colombia

…

Turkey …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Zambia

23

Costa Rica

…

Turkmenistan …

Morocco

…

Ghana

22

Dominican Republic

…

Benin

20

Ecuador

…

Angola

18

El Salvador

…

Senegal

16

Guatemala

United Republic of Tanzania

16

Central African Republic

15

Regional average

Oman

…

Pakistan

…

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

…

Andorra …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Guyana

…

Austria …

Yemen

…

Uzbekistan … Not applicable

Haiti

…

Belarus …

Not applicable

13

Honduras

…

Belgium …

Bahrain

13

Jamaica

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Jordan

…

Burkina Faso

10

Mexico

…

Bulgaria …

Kuwait

…

Uganda

10

Nicaragua

…

Croatia …

Lebanon

…

Comoros

9

Panama

…

Cyprus …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Burundi

8

Paraguay

…

Czech Republic …

Qatar

…

Congo

6

Peru

…

Denmark …

Tunisia

…

6

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Estonia …

United Arab Emirates

…

Kenya

6

Not applicable

Sierra Leone

5

Antigua and Barbuda

…

France …

…

Germany …

Cameroon Rwanda

Côte d'Ivoire

14

Finland …

Eritrea

4

Barbados

Liberia

3

Canada

…

Greece …

Zimbabwe

3

Chile

…

Hungary …

Mauritania

2

Cuba

…

Iceland …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

1

Dominica

…

Ireland …

Equatorial Guinea

1

Grenada

…

Israel …

Guinea

1

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Nigeria

1

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

Swaziland

0

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Latvia …

No Data

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Algeria

…

United States of America

…

Luxembourg …

Botswana

…

Uruguay

…

Malta …

Cape Verde

…

Monaco …

Chad

…

Montenegro … Netherlands …

Gabon

…

Madagascar

…

Timor-Leste

8

Norway …

Mozambique

…

Indonesia

0

Poland …

Namibia

…

Bangladesh …

Republic of Moldova …

South Africa

…

Bhutan …

Romania …

…

India …

San Marino …

Mauritius

…

Myanmar …

Serbia …

Seychelles

…

Nepal …

Slovakia … Slovenia

Sri Lanka …

18

Viet Nam

5

Cambodia

4

No Data China … Malaysia … Papua New Guinea … Philippines … Republic of Korea … Solomon Islands … Vanuatu … Not applicable Australia … Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Mongolia … Nauru … New Zealand …

…

Niue …

Spain …

Thailand …

Palau …

Sweden …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Switzerland …

Not applicable Maldives …

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Portugal …

No Data

Lesotho

Not applicable

…

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Samoa … Singapore …

…

Ukraine … United Kingdom …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of children under five years of age who slept under an insecticide-treated mosquito net the night prior to the survey. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 4. 27

Tonga … Tuvalu …

16. Children aged <5 years who received any antimalarial treatment for fever (%)

Comoros

63

Haiti

5

Tajikistan

2

Sudan

50

Gambia

63

Nicaragua

2

Azerbaijan

1

Djibouti

10

1

No Data

Somalia

8

Armenia …

Iraq

1

Georgia …

No Data

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Afghanistan

…

…

Russian Federation …

Egypt

…

…

Turkey …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

…

Turkmenistan …

Morocco

…

Ghana

61

Honduras

Uganda

61

No Data

Cameroon

58

Argentina

…

United Republic of Tanzania

58

Bahamas

Zambia

58

Belize

Central African Republic

57

Bolivia

Benin

54

Brazil

Oman

…

Pakistan

…

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

…

Andorra …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

El Salvador

…

Austria …

Yemen

…

Guatemala

…

Belarus …

Not applicable

46

Guyana

…

Belgium …

Bahrain

44

Jamaica

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Jordan

…

Côte d'Ivoire

36

Mexico

…

Bulgaria …

Kuwait

…

Madagascar

34

Panama

…

Croatia …

Lebanon

…

…

Cyprus …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Qatar

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

52

Colombia

…

Sierra Leone

52

Costa Rica

…

Equatorial Guinea

49

Dominican Republic

…

Burkina Faso

48

Ecuador

Congo

48

Togo

48

Guinea-Bissau Guinea Regional average

36

Uzbekistan … Not applicable

…

Nigeria

34

Paraguay

Mauritania

33

Peru

…

Czech Republic …

Niger

33

Suriname

…

Denmark …

Tunisia

…

32

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Estonia …

United Arab Emirates

…

Mali

32

Not applicable

Burundi

30

Antigua and Barbuda

…

France …

Angola

29

Barbados

…

Germany …

Kenya

27

Canada

…

Greece …

Chad

Finland …

Swaziland

26

Chile

…

Hungary …

Sao Tome and Principe

25

Cuba

…

Iceland …

Malawi

24

Dominica

…

Ireland …

Senegal

22

Grenada

…

Israel …

Mozambique

15

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Namibia

14

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

Ethiopia

10

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Latvia …

Rwanda

12

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Zimbabwe

5

United States of America

…

Luxembourg …

Eritrea

4

Uruguay

…

Malta … Monaco …

No Data Algeria

Montenegro …

…

Netherlands …

Botswana

…

Cape Verde

…

Timor-Leste

47

Norway …

Gabon

…

India

12

Poland …

Liberia

…

Indonesia

1

South Africa

…

Not applicable

Regional average

10

Portugal … Republic of Moldova …

No Data

Romania …

Bangladesh …

Lesotho

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

San Marino …

Bhutan …

Serbia …

Myanmar …

Slovakia …

Nepal …

Slovenia …

Sri Lanka …

Spain …

Thailand …

Sweden …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea … Not applicable Maldives …

Switzerland … The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Ukraine …

Lao People's Democratic Republic

9

Viet Nam

3

Cambodia

0

No Data China … Malaysia … Papua New Guinea … Philippines … Republic of Korea … Solomon Islands … Vanuatu … Not applicable Australia … Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands … Fiji … Japan … Kiribati … Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) … Mongolia … Nauru … New Zealand … Niue … Palau … Samoa … Singapore … Tonga … Tuvalu …

United Kingdom …

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of children under five years of age with fever in the two weeks prior to the survey who received any antimalarial medicine. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Table 4. 28

17. Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS (%)

Mauritius

92

Barbados

100

Malta

100

Tunisia

91

Algeria

91

Saint Kitts and Nevis

100

Bosnia and Herzegovina

97

Lebanon

90

Eritrea

90

El Salvador

91

Albania

93

Somalia

89

Sierra Leone

87

Cuba

90

Norway

93

Pakistan

88

Rwanda

86

Nicaragua

89

Slovenia

92

Egypt

87

Democratic Republic of the Congo

86

Costa Rica

88

Turkey

91

Morocco

87

Kenya

85

Uruguay

87

Cyprus

88

Oman

86

Zambia

85

Honduras

86

Portugal

87

Syrian Arab Republic

86

United Republic of Tanzania

85

Chile

85

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

87

Bahrain

86

Ethiopia

84

Paraguay

83

Tajikistan

84

Iraq

84

Mozambique

83

Bolivia

83

Serbia

84

Burundi

83

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

82

Turkmenistan

84

Cape Verde

79

Haiti

82

Romania

83

Madagascar

78

Saint Lucia

80

Kyrgyzstan

82

Malawi

78

Mexico

80

Uzbekistan

81

Niger

77

Panama

79

Slovakia

81

Nigeria

76

Peru

78

Bulgaria

80

Namibia

76

Dominican Republic

78

Denmark

77

Ghana

76

Bahamas

75

Georgia

75

Mali

76

Ecuador

74

Poland

75

Senegal

76

Brazil

72

Andorra

75

Regional average Guinea

75

Colombia

71

Israel

74

Cameroon

74

Guyana

68

Lithuania

74

United States of America

64

Latvia

73

Argentina

63

Belgium

73

Canada

57

Kazakhstan Austria

South Africa Côte d'Ivoire Burkina Faso

Regional average 75

74 73 73

Afghanistan

84

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

83

Yemen

83

Sudan

82

United Arab Emirates

79

Kuwait

78

Djibouti

78

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

77

Jordan

71

Saudi Arabia

69

Qatar

69

72

Nauru

100

71

Tonga

100

Belarus

70 70

China

94

Armenia

69

Cambodia

93

Czech Republic

69

Viet Nam

92

Lao People's Democratic Republic

92

75

Botswana

72

Dominica

50

Uganda

70

Guatemala

47

Togo

67

Jamaica

41

Lesotho

66

No Data

Zimbabwe

60

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Estonia

68

Gambia

58

Belize

…

Sweden

63

Grenada

…

Republic of Moldova

Regional average

Regional average

Vanuatu

90

62

Micronesia (Federated States of)

90

60

Kiribati

90

Chad

54

Congo

53

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Azerbaijan

Gabon

46

Suriname

…

Ukraine

59

Solomon Islands

90

Swaziland

43

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Russian Federation

58

Philippines

88

Mauritania

41

Hungary

46

Mongolia

88

Angola

18

Croatia

30

Australia

85

Singapore

84

Brunei Darussalam

84

Republic of Korea

81

Marshall Islands

75

No Data

No Data Benin

…

Bangladesh

92

Finland

…

Central African Republic

…

Indonesia

91

France

…

Comoros

…

Maldives

91

Germany

…

Equatorial Guinea

…

Bhutan

89

Guinea-Bissau

…

Nepal

88

Liberia

…

Sri Lanka

87

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Seychelles

…

Country trend

Greece

…

Iceland

…

Tuvalu

75

Ireland

…

Papua New Guinea

73

Italy

…

New Zealand

70

86

Luxembourg

…

Fiji

66

India

86

Monaco

…

84

…

60

Myanmar

Montenegro

Palau

79

…

53

Timor-Leste

Netherlands

Japan

77

…

48

Thailand

San Marino

Malaysia

Spain

…

No Data

Switzerland

…

Cook Islands

…

United Kingdom

…

Niue

…

Samoa

…

Regional average Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Key 1990

Regional average

87

Latest available

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of new smear-positive patients registered for treatment under DOTS who were cured (with laboratory confirmation) or completed their course of treatment in 2006 with countries sorted by level within each WHO region. The average for each region is shown in the horizontal line. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990. Further details can be found in Table 4. 29

86

92

18. Access to improved drinking-water sources (%)

Mauritius

100

Barbados

100

Andorra

100

Lebanon

100

Botswana

96

Canada

100

Austria

100

Qatar

100

Namibia

93

Uruguay

100

Belarus

100

United Arab Emirates

100

South Africa

93

Saint Kitts and Nevis

99

Cyprus

100

Egypt

98

Gabon

87

United States of America

99

Czech Republic

100

Jordan

98

Gambia

86

Costa Rica

98

Denmark

100

Tunisia

94

Sao Tome and Principe

86

Saint Lucia

98

Estonia

100

Djibouti

92

Algeria

85

Argentina

96

Finland

100

Pakistan

90 89

Comoros

85

Guatemala

96

France

100

Syrian Arab Republic

Côte d'Ivoire

81

Chile

95

Germany

100

Morocco

Zimbabwe

81

Dominican Republic

95

Greece

100

Iraq

77

Ghana

80

Ecuador

95

Hungary

100

Sudan

70

Lesotho

78

Mexico

95

Iceland

100

Yemen

66

Senegal

77

Trinidad and Tobago

94

Israel

100

Somalia

29

Malawi

76

Regional average Colombia

93

Luxembourg

100

Afghanistan

22

Burkina Faso

72

Guyana

93

Malta

100

No Data

Burundi

71

Jamaica

93

Netherlands

100

Bahrain

…

Congo

71

Panama

92

Norway

100

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Cameroon

70

Suriname

92

Slovakia

100

Kuwait

…

Guinea

70

Brazil

91

Spain

100

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Central African Republic

66

Cuba

91

Sweden

100

Oman

…

Benin

65

Bolivia

86

Switzerland

100

Saudi Arabia

…

Rwanda

65

El Salvador

84

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

100

Honduras

84

United Kingdom

100

84

Bosnia and Herzegovina

99 99

Australia

100

Japan

100

Niue

100

Tonga

100

Malaysia

99

Cook Islands

95

Micronesia (Federated States of)

94

Philippines

93

Tuvalu

93

Viet Nam

92

Palau

89

China

88

94

Liberia

64

Uganda

64

Eritrea

60

Nicaragua

79

Bulgaria

Mali

60

Paraguay

77

Croatia

99

Mauritania

60

Haiti

58

Georgia

99

Swaziland

60

Latvia

99

Togo Regional average

59 59

Peru

No Data Antigua and Barbuda

…

Portugal

99

Zambia

58

Bahamas

…

Serbia

99

Guinea-Bissau

57

Belize

…

Armenia

98

Kenya

57

Dominica

…

Montenegro

98

United Republic of Tanzania

55

Grenada

…

Albania

97

Sierra Leone

53

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Russian Federation

97

Angola

51

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Turkey

97

Chad

48

Madagascar

47

Nigeria

47

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia

42

Mozambique

42

Niger

42

Cape Verde

…

Seychelles

…

MDG target

1990 Country trend

Regional average

97 97

Kazakhstan

96

Republic of Moldova

90

100

Kyrgyzstan

89

98

Romania

88

India

89

Uzbekistan

88

Nepal

89

Azerbaijan

78

Maldives

83

Tajikistan

67

Sri Lanka

82

Bhutan

81

Bangladesh

80

Indonesia

80

Myanmar

80

Timor-Leste

62

46 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 43 Thailand

No Data

Key

Ukraine

Regional average

87

No Data

2015 Latest available

Belgium

…

Ireland

…

Italy

…

Lithuania

…

Monaco

…

Poland

…

San Marino

…

Slovenia

…

Turkmenistan

…

Regional average

Regional average

Samoa

88

Mongolia

72

Solomon Islands

70

Cambodia

65

Kiribati

65

Lao People's Democratic Republic

60

Fiji

47

Papua New Guinea

40

No Data Brunei Darussalam

…

Marshall Islands

…

Nauru

…

New Zealand

…

Republic of Korea

…

Singapore

…

Vanuatu

…

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of the population using an improved drinking-water source with countries sorted by 2006 level within each WHO region. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to double, by 2015, the proportion of people with sustainable access to safe drinking-water. The MDG target is worded in terms of halving, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water. Further details can be found in Table 5. 30

83 82

89

19. Access to improved sanitation (%)

Mauritius

94

Uruguay

100

Andorra

100

Qatar

100

Algeria

94

Canada

100

Austria

100

United Arab Emirates

97

Malawi

60

United States of America

100

Cyprus

100

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

97

South Africa

59

Bahamas

100

Denmark

100

Syrian Arab Republic

92

Gambia

52

Barbados

99

Finland

100

Jordan

85

Zambia

52

Cuba

98

Germany

100

Tunisia

85

Cameroon

51

Grenada

97

Hungary

100

Iraq

76

Equatorial Guinea

51

Saint Kitts and Nevis

96

Iceland

100

Morocco

72

Angola

50

Costa Rica

96

Luxembourg

100

Djibouti

67

Swaziland

50

Chile

94

Netherlands

100

Egypt

66

Botswana

47

Trinidad and Tobago

92

Slovakia

100

Pakistan

58

Zimbabwe

46

Mali

45

Kenya

Regional average

Argentina

91 87

Spain

100

Yemen

46

100

Sudan

35

El Salvador

86

Sweden

42

Guatemala

84

Switzerland

100

Afghanistan

30

Burundi

41

Ecuador

84

Czech Republic

99

Somalia

23

Gabon

36

Jamaica

83

Bulgaria

99

No Data

Suriname

82

Croatia

99

Bahrain

…

99

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Lesotho

36

Namibia

35

Guyana

81

Portugal

Comoros

35

Mexico

81

Greece

98

Kuwait

…

Guinea-Bissau

33

Dominican Republic

79

Albania

97

Lebanon

…

Uganda

33

Colombia

78

Kazakhstan

97

Oman

…

Brazil

77

Uzbekistan

96

Saudi Arabia

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina

95

United Republic of Tanzania

33 33

Regional average Liberia

32

Panama

74

Central African Republic

31

Peru

72

Estonia

95

70

Belarus

93 93 93

Democratic Republic of the Congo

31

Paraguay

Mozambique

31

Honduras

66

Georgia

Benin

30

Nicaragua

48

Ukraine

Nigeria

30

Bolivia

43

Kyrgyzstan

Senegal

28

Haiti

19

Côte d’Ivoire

24

No Data

Mauritania

24

Antigua and Barbuda

Sao Tome and Principe

24

Rwanda

Regional average

100 100

Australia

100

92

Cook Islands

100

Tajikistan

92

Samoa

100

…

Armenia

91

Tonga

96

Belize

…

Montenegro

91

Malaysia

94

23

Dominica

…

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

89

Tuvalu

89

Congo

20

Saint Lucia

…

Turkey

88

Philippines

78

Guinea

19

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Russian Federation

87

Fiji

71

Burkina Faso

13

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Azerbaijan

80

Palau

67

Madagascar

12

Republic of Moldova

79

Viet Nam

65

Togo

12

Latvia

78

China

65

Ethiopia

11

Romania

72

50

Sierra Leone

11

Thailand

96

No Data

Mongolia Lao People's Democratic Republic

48

Ghana

10

Sri Lanka

86

Belgium

…

Papua New Guinea

45

Chad

9

Myanmar

82

France

…

Kiribati

33

Niger

7

Maldives

59

Ireland

…

Solomon Islands

32

Eritrea

5

Bhutan

52

Israel

…

Cambodia

28

Indonesia

52

Italy

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

25

Lithuania

…

Cape Verde

…

Seychelles

…

Regional average

Timor-Leste

41 37

Bangladesh

36

India

28

Nepal

27

No Data

MDG target

1990 Country trend

93 93

Niue Japan

Serbia

No Data

Key

Regional average

2015

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

…

Latest available

Malta

…

Monaco

…

Norway

…

Poland

…

San Marino

…

Slovenia

…

Turkmenistan

…

United Kingdom

…

Regional average

No Data Brunei Darussalam

…

Marshall Islands

…

Nauru

…

New Zealand

…

Republic of Korea

…

Singapore

…

Vanuatu

…

AFR = WHO African Region; AMR = WHO Region of the Americas; SEAR = WHO South-East Asia Region; EUR = WHO European Region; EMR = WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; WPR = WHO Western Pacific Region. This chart shows the percentage of the population using an improved sanitation facility with countries sorted by 2006 level within each WHO region. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to double, by 2015, the proportion of people with sustainable access to basic sanitation. The MDG target is worded in terms of halving, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic sanitation. Further details can be found in Table 5. 31

60

69

Part II Global Health Indicators

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Mortality and burden of disease Indicators derived from mortality rates provide a good picture of overall population health. These indicators include infant and child mortality (the probability of dying between birth and 1 and 5 years of age, respectively), adult mortality (the probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age) and overall life expectancy at birth. Almost 20% of all deaths are of children less than five years old. Neonatal mortality (deaths during the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births) accounts for a large proportion of child deaths in many countries. Neonatal mortality rates are considered a useful indicator of overall maternal and newborn health and the care that mothers and babies receive. Estimates of mortality are derived from death registration data reported annually to WHO. For countries where such data are not available or are of poor quality, survey and census sources are analysed and used to create life tables for each country. Countries with low life expectancy invariably have high levels of child mortality. For example, life expectancy at birth in the WHO African Region was estimated at only 52 years in 2007, compared with 76 years in the WHO Region of the Americas. Child mortality in the two regions was 145 per 1000 live births and 19 per 1000, respectively. In several African countries, recent improvements in child survival have not been reflected in higher life expectancy because they have been offset by higher levels of adult mortality due to HIV/AIDS and, in some countries, conflict. However, mortality statistics alone are not sufficient to fully describe, measure and compare the health states of populations. This is because death rates underestimate the burden of ill-health caused by noncommunicable adult disease by not providing any information on non-fatal health outcomes. Hearing loss, visual impairment and mental disorders are the most common causes of disability worldwide. A summary measure of population health therefore needs to capture both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes. Life expectancy estimates reflect how many years a person might be expected to live. Healthy life expectancy is an estimate of how many years they might live in “good” health. These estimates are based on country life tables, analyses of 135 causes of disability for 17 regions of the world and 69 health surveys in 60 countries. The estimates of healthy life expectancy are more uncertain than those for life expectancy, because it is difficult to ensure comparable measurements of disability across countries and account for limitations in the data.

35

1. Mortality and burden of disease Member State

Life expectancy at birth a (years)

Male

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth b (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

41 66 65 74 38 69 69 62 74 72 60 67 73 54 70 66 73 72 50 53 57 69 64 63 71 68 47 49 56 55 74 65 52 48 69 68 66 56 58 66 75 51 69 72 74 68 64 47 72 49

40 68 68 76 46 71 71 67 77 75 62 69 72 61 71 63 75 67 54 58 61 72 51 67 75 68 48 45 54 51 77 66 48 46 74 70 68 60 53 68 75 50 70 75 75 72 64 46 75 52

41 71 70 78 51 74 71 66 79 77 66 71 75 63 72 65 77 64 57 61 64 73 56 70 74 69 48 48 58 51 78 66 48 46 75 72 72 63 54 71 77 52 73 76 78 74 64 50 76 53

42 71 68 81 44 71 76 70 80 79 66 74 74 54 77 76 79 76 51 57 59 75 68 70 76 75 49 51 61 58 80 69 53 50 76 69 72 61 62 70 78 59 76 76 78 75 68 51 78 55

42 73 71 83 51 74 78 73 82 81 66 75 74 62 78 75 81 73 56 62 64 77 52 74 79 75 50 48 61 54 82 71 48 48 80 73 77 65 55 73 79 56 78 80 79 79 68 52 79 58

42 74 73 85 55 75 79 73 84 83 70 77 76 64 78 76 82 72 58 65 68 78 56 76 77 76 50 50 64 52 83 73 48 47 81 75 79 67 56 75 81 57 79 81 82 80 68 54 81 58

42 69 66 77 41 70 72 66 77 76 63 70 73 54 74 71 76 74 51 55 58 72 66 66 73 71 48 50 59 56 77 68 52 49 72 68 69 58 60 68 76 54 72 74 76 71 67 49 75 52

41 71 70 80 49 73 74 70 80 78 64 72 73 61 75 69 78 70 55 60 63 74 51 70 77 72 49 47 58 52 79 69 48 47 77 71 72 62 54 71 77 53 74 78 77 75 67 49 77 55

42 72 71 81 53 74 75 69 82 80 68 74 75 64 76 70 80 68 57 63 66 75 56 73 76 73 49 49 61 52 81 70 48 46 78 74 75 65 55 73 79 54 76 78 80 77 66 52 78 56

36

Female

Both sexes

2007 36 64 62 72 44 65 64 59 72 70 59 63 66 56 65 58 70 57 50 54 57 65 49 62 66 63 42 42 51 45 71 59 43 40 67 65 64 55 48 63 68 45 66 68 69 68 57 44 70 47

36 64 63 76 47 66 69 63 75 74 60 68 66 55 69 66 74 63 50 56 59 68 48 66 67 69 43 43 55 45 75 64 42 40 72 68 69 58 49 66 71 48 70 71 71 72 61 46 73 50

Neonatal mortality rate c (per 1000 live births) 2004

36 64 62 74 45 66 67 61 74 72 59 65 66 56 67 62 72 60 50 55 58 67 49 64 66 66 43 43 53 45 73 61 42 40 70 66 66 56 48 65 69 47 68 69 70 70 59 45 72 48

60 9 22 2 54 8 10 18 3 3 35 5 4 36 8 3 2 17 36 30 24 10 46 13 4 7 32 41 48 30 3 9 52 42 5 18 13 25 30 10 8 64 5 4 2 2 22 47 3 45

MDG 4 Infant mortality rate a (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 179 39 58 8 157 28 26 51 9 9 81 25 15 116 18 13 9 38 114 98 94 20 45 55 11 16 116 128 95 92 8 50 116 127 19 30 32 97 69 20 18 122 12 13 12 13 43 134 9 131

176 22 40 4 132 14 19 34 6 5 60 17 11 73 12 11 5 28 92 74 66 16 65 31 9 15 107 125 88 95 6 34 124 130 10 25 25 68 76 23 14 111 7 8 5 5 43 123 6 110

176 14 35 3 121 11 15 23 5 4 36 14 9 52 11 6 4 25 80 61 50 15 33 22 9 10 108 122 77 94 5 27 117 132 9 16 20 55 82 19 11 104 5 5 3 4 43 114 5 95

156 36 49 7 143 22 21 45 7 7 74 18 16 93 12 9 7 32 107 83 84 16 44 43 9 12 108 98 78 78 6 40 109 112 16 43 22 79 64 32 14 87 9 9 10 9 41 120 6 100

154 19 34 4 120 11 15 30 5 4 55 13 9 59 12 8 4 20 86 63 60 12 63 25 7 12 100 95 71 80 5 28 116 114 9 35 17 55 71 16 11 79 6 5 5 4 41 110 4 84

154 13 30 3 110 8 12 20 4 3 33 11 9 42 10 5 3 18 75 52 45 10 32 18 7 10 100 94 63 79 5 21 109 116 7 22 14 44 76 13 10 74 5 4 3 3 41 102 3 73

168 165 165 37 21 13 54 37 33 8 4 3 150 126 116 25 13 9 24 17 14 48 32 22 8 5 5 8 5 4 78 58 34 22 15 12 15 10 9 105 66 47 15 12 11 12 9 5 8 5 4 35 24 22 111 89 78 91 68 56 89 63 48 18 14 13 45 64 33 49 28 20 10 8 8 14 14 10 112 104 104 113 110 108 87 80 70 85 88 87 7 5 5 45 31 24 113 120 113 120 122 124 18 10 8 36 30 19 28 21 17 88 62 49 67 74 79 26 20 16 16 12 10 104 95 89 10 7 5 11 6 5 11 5 3 11 4 3 42 42 42 127 116 108 7 5 4 116 97 84

263 48 75 10 273 32 31 63 10 10 102 33 18 160 19 17 11 47 184 158 127 25 59 64 12 20 207 194 129 145 9 62 171 206 23 39 41 130 108 27 20 175 14 15 13 14 57 212 10 195

260 26 48 5 203 17 22 40 7 6 72 21 13 96 13 14 7 32 144 113 85 20 91 35 10 18 191 189 115 158 7 44 186 210 12 32 30 91 121 28 16 158 8 10 7 6 57 189 6 164

260 16 40 4 168 12 17 27 6 5 41 15 10 64 11 8 5 28 123 90 58 17 41 24 10 12 192 185 98 155 6 33 171 214 10 19 24 71 131 21 13 147 6 7 5 5 57 171 5 142

257 44 63 8 241 26 25 49 8 9 93 25 20 143 14 12 8 39 185 137 123 19 55 52 10 15 204 183 109 133 7 58 172 197 19 52 29 110 99 37 16 126 10 11 11 11 53 188 8 154

254 22 40 5 179 13 17 31 6 5 65 17 11 86 13 11 5 25 145 98 83 14 84 29 8 15 188 178 97 144 5 40 187 201 10 42 22 77 111 20 12 113 7 7 6 5 53 168 5 129

37

254 14 34 4 148 10 14 21 5 4 37 12 10 57 12 6 4 22 124 78 56 11 38 19 8 12 189 174 83 141 5 31 172 204 8 26 17 60 120 15 10 105 6 6 4 3 53 152 4 112

260 46 69 9 258 29 28 56 9 10 98 29 19 151 17 15 10 43 184 148 125 22 57 58 11 18 206 189 119 139 8 60 171 201 21 45 35 120 104 32 18 151 12 13 12 12 55 200 9 175

257 24 44 5 191 15 20 36 6 6 69 19 12 91 13 12 6 28 144 106 84 17 87 32 9 16 190 184 107 151 6 42 186 205 11 37 26 84 116 24 14 136 8 8 6 5 55 179 6 147

257 15 37 4 158 11 16 24 6 4 39 13 10 61 12 7 4 25 123 84 57 14 40 22 9 12 191 180 91 148 6 32 172 209 9 22 20 66 125 18 11 127 6 6 4 4 55 161 5 127

501 158 198 143 588 193 198 279 124 153 285 262 105 305 188 282 139 158 379 345 307 181 246 272 151 216 436 408 316 330 132 254 364 411 196 193 253 310 303 252 129 372 223 155 110 230 232 432 152 395

540 157 175 125 474 203 179 210 97 126 259 249 115 251 166 354 130 243 339 291 263 157 584 239 113 222 446 550 387 412 100 284 448 458 137 160 227 287 435 179 124 433 187 140 107 172 232 486 122 375

524 142 147 100 383 187 165 242 79 104 219 242 116 251 138 329 111 328 320 265 238 145 520 211 108 217 431 454 313 436 88 275 468 469 117 142 163 247 394 142 109 419 156 124 83 146 233 399 116 381

447 104 165 60 431 138 103 135 66 74 165 147 107 333 109 107 75 104 331 266 247 86 176 150 112 97 370 340 231 260 71 145 315 350 98 148 139 231 233 154 86 254 89 111 61 95 166 342 99 287

448 103 131 50 344 160 92 96 55 63 157 146 89 258 94 125 68 150 293 218 200 79 539 126 85 97 376 441 240 358 61 163 424 390 69 106 97 195 388 116 75 354 74 90 56 76 166 347 77 280

448 92 121 44 312 157 88 102 46 52 137 146 83 258 86 115 61 197 276 194 172 69 513 106 80 91 368 401 213 404 55 117 448 426 59 85 77 174 351 93 61 357 62 79 44 65 166 317 70 307

476 133 181 102 513 165 150 207 96 114 225 205 106 319 146 194 107 132 353 309 277 134 209 212 133 158 399 370 267 295 102 189 338 380 147 172 197 271 268 206 108 321 158 133 86 163 198 386 126 342

498 130 153 88 410 181 136 149 77 95 208 197 105 254 129 242 100 199 315 257 231 117 559 183 101 160 407 492 311 384 81 213 435 424 103 135 163 242 410 149 100 399 132 115 82 124 200 418 100 328

489 117 134 72 347 172 126 166 63 78 176 194 104 254 112 223 86 266 298 233 204 106 514 159 96 155 397 426 259 419 72 187 456 447 88 115 120 211 371 119 86 390 110 102 63 106 201 357 93 344

1. Mortality and burden of disease Member State

Life expectancy at birth a (years)

Male

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth b (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

71 68 64 61 58 48 28 65 46 63 71 73 59 53 65 72 57 75 64 61 43 41 53 53 64 65 75 57 59 61 64 72 75 74 69 76 65 61 58 63 72 61 51 64 63 59 25 67 66 72

72 72 68 65 67 50 57 65 51 65 74 75 57 55 68 75 57 76 65 64 48 44 56 56 64 68 78 60 64 65 64 74 77 76 70 78 68 58 51 63 75 62 57 65 67 46 50 70 67 75

72 70 70 66 68 52 61 67 55 67 76 77 57 57 68 77 56 77 67 65 52 46 57 59 68 69 80 63 67 70 58 77 79 79 69 79 70 59 53 63 78 63 60 66 68 43 54 70 65 77

75 70 69 63 69 50 53 75 51 69 79 81 65 57 72 78 60 79 66 64 48 47 61 56 68 74 81 57 61 65 69 78 78 80 71 82 70 70 63 65 75 68 53 75 69 63 45 70 76 79

76 74 73 69 74 52 63 76 55 71 81 83 63 59 75 81 60 81 68 70 52 50 64 60 70 76 82 62 67 70 69 79 81 82 74 85 73 68 54 67 76 69 59 76 72 54 54 74 77 81

76 74 76 70 75 54 65 79 59 72 83 84 61 61 76 82 58 82 70 72 56 51 63 64 74 78 83 65 70 74 69 82 82 84 74 86 74 70 56 68 79 69 62 76 73 47 58 75 77 83

73 69 67 62 63 49 36 70 49 66 75 77 62 55 69 75 58 77 65 62 45 44 57 55 66 69 78 57 60 63 66 75 77 77 70 79 67 65 61 64 73 65 52 70 66 61 31 68 71 75

74 73 70 67 70 51 60 71 53 68 78 79 60 57 71 78 58 78 67 67 50 47 60 58 67 72 80 61 66 68 67 76 79 79 72 81 71 63 53 65 76 65 58 71 70 51 52 72 72 78

74 72 73 68 72 53 63 73 57 69 79 81 59 59 72 80 57 80 68 69 54 48 60 62 71 73 82 64 68 72 63 80 81 82 72 83 72 64 54 65 78 66 61 71 70 45 56 72 71 80

38

Female

Both sexes

2007 65 62 63 59 58 45 54 61 49 60 70 71 50 50 62 71 49 71 61 58 46 40 52 53 61 62 73 56 60 60 50 71 72 73 62 73 62 53 47 56 69 55 53 59 60 38 47 63 58 71

67 64 66 62 63 46 56 71 51 64 75 76 53 53 67 75 50 74 62 62 48 43 55 55 64 69 75 57 61 62 58 74 74 76 66 78 64 60 48 60 69 59 54 68 64 41 49 66 68 75

Neonatal mortality rate c (per 1000 live births) 2004

66 63 64 60 61 46 55 66 50 62 72 73 52 51 64 73 50 72 61 60 47 42 53 54 62 66 74 56 60 61 54 73 73 74 64 76 63 56 48 58 69 57 54 64 62 40 48 64 63 73

10 18 13 17 12 47 21 4 41 10 2 2 31 44 25 3 43 3 11 19 39 47 22 32 17 5 1 39 17 19 63 4 3 3 10 1 16 32 34 25 7 30 30 6 19 52 66 11 5 3

MDG 4 Infant mortality rate a (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 18 59 45 73 51 128 99 14 137 21 6 8 72 111 45 8 82 10 27 61 152 157 70 113 49 17 6 82 64 62 45 9 11 9 30 5 33 58 71 68 17 68 135 16 35 86 153 35 11 9

16 13 37 35 29 22 43 32 31 22 109 97 68 51 10 5 104 85 18 17 4 3 5 4 72 72 100 87 35 27 5 4 77 79 7 4 22 16 40 30 124 103 142 130 56 46 84 61 35 22 10 6 3 2 66 54 38 26 41 33 41 39 7 4 6 4 5 4 29 28 4 3 24 18 43 32 85 89 56 50 10 10 47 36 87 63 12 8 31 28 89 72 125 103 20 17 8 6 4 3

12 48 41 63 43 112 77 10 105 17 6 6 48 96 36 6 69 9 33 59 121 127 58 97 41 13 5 84 56 46 39 8 9 7 25 4 31 44 57 62 14 57 104 11 29 76 122 35 10 7

13 30 25 37 27 95 53 7 80 14 3 4 48 87 26 4 65 5 20 38 98 115 48 72 29 9 2 68 34 31 35 5 5 4 25 3 22 33 68 48 7 39 67 9 25 79 100 20 9 4

11 28 18 28 19 85 40 5 65 14 2 3 48 76 26 3 67 3 14 29 82 105 44 53 19 5 1 55 23 25 33 3 4 3 24 2 17 24 71 43 9 30 49 9 23 64 83 16 6 3

15 53 43 68 47 120 88 12 122 19 6 7 60 104 41 7 76 9 30 60 137 142 64 105 45 15 5 83 60 54 42 8 10 8 27 5 32 51 64 65 16 62 120 14 32 81 138 35 10 8

15 12 34 31 27 20 40 30 29 21 102 91 61 46 9 5 92 75 16 16 4 3 4 3 60 60 93 81 31 27 4 4 71 73 6 4 21 15 39 29 111 93 129 118 52 45 78 57 32 20 9 6 3 2 67 54 36 25 36 29 38 36 6 3 6 4 5 3 27 26 3 3 23 18 38 28 77 80 52 46 9 9 43 33 77 56 11 9 28 26 84 68 113 93 20 17 8 6 4 3

21 70 59 98 66 204 160 18 219 25 7 10 103 163 52 10 121 11 35 81 246 264 97 157 60 19 7 109 97 75 58 11 13 10 35 7 41 69 105 92 20 80 172 20 41 109 218 41 15 11

18 39 34 53 38 174 105 13 162 19 5 6 102 140 40 6 113 8 28 53 198 240 75 113 41 12 4 86 51 46 52 8 8 6 35 5 28 51 126 71 13 54 106 15 35 113 174 22 11 6

15 40 25 38 26 155 76 7 127 19 4 5 102 116 31 5 117 5 21 39 160 218 61 79 25 7 3 67 33 34 48 5 5 4 33 4 21 36 131 64 11 41 74 10 33 89 141 18 7 4

14 61 55 88 54 191 135 14 189 19 7 8 80 142 42 8 118 10 39 83 214 215 79 146 54 15 6 124 85 69 48 9 11 8 32 6 38 51 89 83 16 69 154 15 33 96 193 41 12 8

15 34 30 48 31 162 89 9 139 17 4 5 80 122 29 5 110 6 24 53 172 196 65 105 37 10 3 97 45 42 43 6 6 5 31 4 26 38 107 69 10 47 95 11 28 100 154 22 11 5

39

13 35 20 34 21 145 64 6 110 17 3 4 80 101 30 4 114 4 17 39 140 178 59 73 23 6 2 77 29 31 41 4 5 4 30 3 19 27 111 62 10 36 66 10 26 78 125 18 7 4

18 66 57 93 60 198 148 16 204 22 7 9 92 153 47 9 120 11 37 82 231 240 88 152 58 17 6 117 91 72 53 10 12 9 34 6 39 60 97 88 18 74 163 17 37 102 206 41 13 10

17 37 32 51 35 168 97 11 151 18 4 5 91 131 35 5 112 7 26 53 185 218 70 109 39 11 3 91 48 44 48 7 7 5 33 5 27 44 117 70 11 50 101 13 32 107 164 22 11 5

14 38 22 36 24 150 70 6 119 18 3 4 91 109 30 4 115 4 19 39 150 198 60 76 24 7 3 72 31 33 45 4 5 4 31 4 20 32 121 63 11 38 70 10 29 84 133 18 7 4

194 180 254 240 385 411 920 301 433 326 183 162 283 352 242 157 300 117 285 286 473 502 474 346 239 304 112 306 286 291 253 133 107 129 175 109 241 318 300 246 112 290 386 311 291 287 952 214 287 160

189 165 228 226 265 408 337 318 414 292 143 138 342 327 195 124 323 116 266 292 428 473 447 358 275 271 92 289 248 238 243 120 103 101 182 98 195 422 483 283 86 326 345 320 208 629 418 184 293 121

192 193 204 239 252 398 287 283 349 254 133 122 356 309 219 104 343 111 248 300 367 453 398 323 214 245 68 250 229 161 386 94 86 82 214 88 181 427 406 315 71 319 320 312 198 795 352 175 344 106

145 153 173 181 177 343 398 107 337 213 70 67 196 272 110 77 241 56 237 198 377 377 293 276 170 133 69 257 266 208 171 81 71 60 144 53 166 150 210 225 84 156 354 118 193 214 502 149 107 79

116 124 141 158 142 352 231 120 322 183 63 61 248 251 79 63 258 48 227 178 326 356 278 255 157 114 57 220 217 148 169 70 55 51 138 48 123 194 417 191 62 170 312 117 142 432 316 115 103 67

108 124 122 159 125 349 217 92 284 159 57 56 292 240 85 55 291 46 211 161 295 353 287 233 124 103 48 177 188 100 180 54 48 43 127 44 117 185 370 174 49 166 291 115 133 670 287 106 115 54

169 167 214 210 284 377 768 204 386 272 128 115 240 312 175 118 271 86 260 243 425 441 385 310 205 219 91 282 275 252 213 108 89 95 159 81 205 235 255 236 102 224 369 215 241 247 844 186 196 121

152 145 185 193 203 379 281 218 368 240 104 100 297 289 135 94 291 82 246 234 378 415 361 306 218 193 75 256 232 193 207 96 79 76 160 73 161 308 449 239 78 250 328 218 174 520 368 154 197 95

150 159 164 200 188 372 248 186 316 208 96 89 325 275 150 80 317 79 229 229 331 403 351 278 169 174 58 215 209 131 291 75 66 62 170 66 150 307 387 249 63 243 305 213 164 725 319 145 231 81

1. Mortality and burden of disease Member State

Life expectancy at birth a (years)

Male Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth b (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

51 46 68 58 42 74 56 55 66 68 64 74 60 73 63 44 55 60 55 54 74 72 63 36 45 67 73 68 58 64 71 57 71 67 62 67 71 75 68 64 67 64 47 64 69 68 62 76 59 66

55 45 69 67 45 76 56 56 68 72 66 76 61 72 67 48 56 55 58 59 76 76 70 45 46 66 76 71 61 67 73 60 71 70 66 70 73 76 72 64 68 59 43 68 71 67 65 78 59 68

58 49 70 72 47 78 57 56 70 73 68 78 60 72 70 47 53 58 59 62 78 78 70 50 48 63 78 71 63 69 74 61 71 75 67 71 76 76 76 65 70 60 49 69 72 66 66 81 59 69

54 50 73 56 45 78 63 60 73 74 67 81 66 79 68 49 60 65 61 54 80 78 72 37 46 74 80 72 59 75 75 60 75 71 68 75 77 75 76 71 73 74 49 71 73 74 64 82 62 70

58 48 74 67 48 80 59 61 75 77 68 84 67 77 72 50 62 60 64 60 81 81 75 46 48 77 81 76 62 73 78 63 76 74 73 78 80 76 80 71 75 72 46 73 77 73 70 84 63 73

61 51 75 75 50 82 59 61 76 78 70 85 69 76 75 48 59 61 64 63 82 83 76 53 50 78 83 77 64 76 79 64 77 77 74 80 82 76 82 73 77 73 51 76 78 75 70 84 63 74

53 48 70 58 43 76 59 57 69 71 66 77 63 76 65 47 57 63 57 54 77 75 68 37 46 70 77 70 58 69 73 58 73 69 65 71 74 75 72 68 70 69 48 67 71 71 63 79 61 68

56 47 71 67 47 78 57 58 71 74 67 80 64 74 70 49 59 57 61 60 78 79 73 45 47 70 79 73 62 70 76 61 74 72 70 74 77 76 76 68 71 65 45 70 74 70 67 81 61 70

59 50 72 73 49 80 58 58 73 76 69 81 64 74 72 48 56 59 61 63 80 81 73 51 49 70 81 74 63 72 76 63 74 76 71 75 79 76 79 69 73 66 50 72 75 70 68 82 61 71

40

Female

Both sexes

2007 51 43 62 64 41 71 52 49 61 65 61 71 55 65 61 42 48 52 53 55 72 72 63 44 42 56 72 64 56 62 65 55 63 66 59 64 69 68 68 58 63 55 43 62 64 60 60 74 52 61

53 44 66 64 43 74 53 52 65 69 62 76 62 66 63 42 52 53 57 55 74 74 66 45 42 68 74 67 55 67 68 57 66 67 64 70 73 66 74 63 68 65 44 67 69 66 63 76 54 64

Neonatal mortality rate c (per 1000 live births) 2004

52 44 64 64 42 72 52 51 63 67 62 73 58 65 62 42 50 52 55 55 73 73 64 44 42 62 73 65 55 64 67 56 64 67 62 67 71 67 71 61 65 60 43 64 66 63 61 75 53 62

41 26 5 24 54 3 24 40 9 11 11 2 18 … 24 35 49 20 14 32 3 3 16 41 47 16 2 5 53 13 11 32 12 11 15 5 3 4 4 12 10 7 48 11 11 13 14 2 38 11

MDG 4 Infant mortality rate a (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 111 130 18 82 160 12 70 90 23 42 45 8 79 12 79 139 102 65 22 98 8 10 57 148 128 8 8 26 111 22 28 71 38 62 49 17 13 20 8 37 26 19 121 38 20 21 42 12 69 37

91 108 12 44 139 7 61 86 20 27 38 5 54 14 52 129 88 73 22 63 6 7 37 112 114 23 4 13 91 11 21 60 31 35 33 9 7 13 5 25 21 18 117 21 15 21 44 6 68 24

76 74 11 27 126 6 55 84 15 19 33 5 39 9 37 119 88 54 23 43 5 5 31 85 103 58 3 11 79 8 20 53 27 18 26 7 3 8 5 19 13 11 113 16 12 18 35 2 68 21

94 118 14 76 135 8 55 71 18 34 45 6 63 12 58 131 79 49 28 99 6 7 47 139 112 55 6 24 93 14 24 66 29 54 36 14 10 15 8 24 21 14 112 22 15 19 38 16 61 33

77 98 10 42 118 5 48 67 12 22 37 4 43 11 38 121 68 55 28 63 5 6 30 105 100 22 3 11 77 14 19 53 24 30 24 7 5 12 5 16 17 13 109 21 13 17 10 4 60 22

64 67 9 25 107 5 43 66 15 16 33 3 31 8 27 112 69 41 28 43 3 4 25 80 91 14 3 10 66 11 16 46 21 16 19 6 3 7 4 12 10 8 105 16 12 11 8 1 60 19

103 84 70 124 103 71 16 11 10 79 43 26 148 129 117 10 6 5 63 55 49 81 77 75 21 16 15 38 24 18 45 38 33 7 5 4 71 49 35 12 13 9 69 45 32 135 125 115 91 78 79 57 64 47 25 25 25 99 63 43 7 5 4 9 6 5 52 34 28 143 109 83 120 107 97 31 23 37 7 4 3 25 12 11 102 84 73 18 13 9 26 20 18 69 57 50 34 28 24 58 33 17 43 29 23 16 8 6 11 6 3 18 13 8 8 5 4 30 21 16 23 19 12 17 16 10 117 113 109 30 21 16 18 14 12 20 19 15 40 28 22 14 5 2 65 64 64 35 23 20

176 220 24 113 262 13 102 139 27 50 58 9 107 14 98 203 144 95 28 144 10 13 74 308 235 8 10 33 133 25 36 98 46 82 72 20 16 24 9 45 34 24 201 44 25 26 51 12 105 48

143 178 15 57 228 8 75 131 22 31 47 6 69 15 59 187 122 109 28 86 7 9 47 233 212 29 5 15 107 13 26 80 37 42 43 10 9 15 6 30 24 22 194 24 17 26 48 6 103 31

117 116 12 31 205 6 60 127 17 23 40 6 47 11 38 171 124 75 28 55 5 7 38 178 193 73 4 12 92 9 25 69 31 21 33 8 4 11 5 22 16 14 185 17 13 20 38 3 102 27

160 198 20 109 237 9 81 119 20 42 57 7 90 14 80 198 115 77 33 140 8 9 62 299 225 55 7 30 130 16 32 90 36 73 51 16 12 19 8 28 27 18 190 27 19 24 49 18 98 40

131 160 13 53 206 6 60 112 14 26 46 5 58 12 48 182 97 89 32 84 6 7 39 226 202 27 4 14 105 16 25 71 30 37 30 8 7 14 5 19 20 17 184 26 15 20 19 4 96 26

41

107 105 10 30 186 5 48 109 16 19 40 3 39 9 31 166 101 61 32 54 4 5 31 173 184 17 3 12 89 12 20 61 26 19 23 6 3 9 4 14 12 11 176 19 13 14 15 1 95 23

168 209 22 111 250 11 92 130 23 46 58 8 98 14 89 201 130 87 30 142 9 11 68 304 230 31 9 32 132 21 34 94 41 78 62 18 14 21 9 37 31 21 195 36 22 25 50 15 101 44

137 170 14 55 217 7 68 122 18 29 47 5 63 14 54 184 110 99 30 85 6 8 43 230 207 28 5 15 106 14 25 76 33 40 37 9 8 15 5 24 22 20 189 25 16 23 34 5 100 29

112 110 11 30 196 6 54 118 17 21 40 5 43 10 34 168 113 68 30 55 5 6 35 176 189 46 4 12 90 10 23 65 29 20 28 7 4 10 5 18 14 12 181 18 13 17 27 2 99 25

368 432 209 287 499 107 385 322 263 215 230 155 263 164 195 524 331 274 567 352 116 143 272 585 456 209 128 202 265 289 146 347 138 164 281 263 176 94 236 285 239 318 465 272 201 217 295 80 282 222

327 561 198 182 458 90 436 314 222 172 219 136 322 179 164 466 343 401 463 306 100 105 185 458 455 255 107 168 230 253 139 310 158 163 241 216 155 80 163 310 237 445 587 214 205 259 235 74 280 200

299 561 184 110 437 75 424 326 208 154 190 119 401 174 147 525 366 393 448 285 78 88 202 394 439 230 85 161 216 234 139 294 169 124 231 209 132 77 114 318 215 448 428 185 201 297 235 61 279 192

296 349 128 341 412 62 329 243 121 120 195 67 196 73 133 363 238 195 399 350 67 93 137 528 393 75 65 131 235 112 101 278 99 123 167 102 80 82 102 155 114 117 386 193 144 140 268 40 217 148

257 481 112 161 377 54 368 234 121 99 183 61 198 98 106 392 227 319 313 296 67 67 121 396 395 84 61 97 205 140 85 252 103 120 129 86 66 77 62 155 106 161 510 134 117 165 203 39 215 124

228 529 98 79 359 47 381 236 103 89 159 56 192 94 90 476 266 342 303 276 57 58 127 322 389 81 54 91 192 116 82 237 105 98 121 79 54 54 47 148 92 164 371 97 101 165 203 46 214 116

332 390 170 313 453 84 359 280 194 168 213 112 230 118 164 441 285 233 495 350 92 119 207 558 424 147 97 172 250 210 124 317 119 144 226 184 127 90 171 218 177 218 423 233 172 179 282 60 249 193

292 521 157 172 412 72 403 272 172 136 201 99 262 140 135 428 286 358 395 300 84 86 153 431 425 176 85 142 218 199 112 283 132 142 187 152 111 78 114 230 173 309 546 174 161 213 220 57 246 168

264 544 143 94 393 61 402 281 157 121 175 87 302 133 119 498 316 365 381 280 68 73 164 362 414 160 69 134 204 179 111 266 138 111 178 145 93 69 81 232 154 312 397 141 152 235 220 53 244 163

1. Mortality and burden of disease Member State

Life expectancy at birth a (years)

Male Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth b (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

53 69 64 36 73 67 70 60 44 59 73 61 58 63 59 75 74 65 61 65 70

55 69 67 34 76 69 72 63 50 55 76 62 57 65 50 77 77 69 63 64 69

57 71 68 39 78 71 75 66 50 52 78 68 57 66 47 79 79 70 66 66 72

57 75 76 40 77 76 78 62 48 67 80 71 58 68 63 80 81 70 64 72 74

59 74 76 42 81 77 80 66 53 61 83 73 58 71 54 82 83 74 65 73 75

61 76 75 43 83 78 81 68 55 55 84 75 58 73 49 83 84 75 68 74 76

55 72 69 38 75 71 74 61 46 63 77 66 58 66 61 78 77 67 63 68 72

57 72 72 38 78 73 76 65 52 58 79 67 57 68 52 80 80 71 64 68 72

59 73 71 41 81 75 78 67 52 54 81 71 58 69 48 81 82 72 67 70 74

50 64 60 34 71 64 69 59 44 47 71 61 50 58 42 72 73 62 58 59 65

52 66 65 37 75 70 74 60 46 48 76 65 50 64 42 75 76 65 57 65 66

51 65 63 35 73 67 71 59 45 48 74 63 50 61 42 74 75 63 57 62 66

35 … 7 56 1 4 2 23 49 17 2 8 27 17 40 2 3 7 38 9 9

48 52 64 66 69 63 58 61 47 65 72 73 51 72 69 63 62 70 64 56 52 57

54 54 68 66 71 67 59 63 45 62 75 75 48 74 71 63 66 71 68 59 41 43

58 56 71 66 72 71 60 64 46 62 77 77 51 76 72 65 67 72 70 62 45 45

55 58 72 71 72 67 65 63 51 75 75 78 53 79 76 70 65 74 68 59 55 63

61 59 70 72 75 72 65 63 47 73 78 80 49 80 79 69 68 77 72 63 44 46

64 61 69 73 76 76 67 65 51 73 80 82 52 81 79 71 70 78 75 66 47 44

51 55 67 69 70 65 62 62 49 70 73 76 52 75 72 66 63 72 66 58 53 60

57 56 69 69 73 70 62 63 46 68 76 78 48 77 75 66 67 74 70 61 42 44

61 58 70 69 74 73 63 65 48 68 78 80 52 78 75 68 69 75 72 64 46 45

52 49 64 59 65 64 53 58 41 55 68 71 45 68 64 58 61 64 62 53 39 40

55 52 62 64 67 67 57 58 44 64 68 73 45 72 70 60 62 68 66 55 40 38

53 51 63 62 66 66 55 58 42 60 68 72 45 70 67 59 61 66 64 54 40 39

29 39 12 10 13 16 37 21 30 7 4 3 35 4 7 26 18 11 12 41 40 36

42

2007

Neonatal mortality rate c (per 1000 live births) 2004

MDG 4 Infant mortality rate a (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 80 74 66 24 13 8 19 10 13 184 176 169 8 3 2 14 10 7 10 6 3 87 66 54 122 102 89 51 58 48 8 5 4 31 22 20 76 70 67 44 36 32 75 99 71 7 4 3 7 5 5 36 23 18 99 83 63 30 13 7 34 15 16

64 22 11 153 7 10 7 84 119 47 7 20 82 36 64 5 6 24 83 22 32

58 9 13 146 2 7 4 64 99 53 4 14 76 28 86 3 4 15 67 10 13

52 6 16 141 2 6 4 53 87 44 3 13 72 22 62 2 4 12 49 6 13

72 23 15 169 7 12 8 86 121 49 7 26 79 41 70 6 7 30 91 26 33

66 59 11 7 12 14 161 155 3 2 8 6 5 3 65 53 100 88 56 46 4 4 18 17 73 70 32 27 93 66 3 2 5 4 19 15 75 57 11 6 14 15

158 28 21 308 10 16 12 119 200 66 10 38 118 54 101 8 9 44 126 36 39

140 15 13 292 4 12 6 86 162 77 6 27 109 41 140 5 6 27 101 14 17

120 9 15 278 3 9 4 69 140 61 5 24 103 33 96 3 5 20 74 7 19

141 25 12 271 8 12 8 124 206 61 8 27 133 48 90 6 8 29 108 26 37

125 11 14 256 4 8 5 90 166 71 5 19 122 35 125 3 5 17 87 11 15

107 7 17 245 2 7 4 72 144 57 4 17 115 24 86 3 4 13 61 7 14

149 26 17 290 9 14 10 121 203 64 9 32 125 51 96 7 9 37 117 31 38

133 13 14 274 4 10 6 88 164 74 6 23 115 38 132 4 6 22 94 13 16

114 8 16 262 3 8 4 70 142 59 4 21 109 28 91 3 5 17 67 7 17

345 184 317 583 152 269 207 225 535 345 146 368 296 280 279 114 126 248 217 259 153

331 209 248 668 97 215 167 205 412 446 122 343 345 276 492 87 99 194 218 328 195

304 185 237 542 81 191 141 185 447 557 105 213 344 270 644 78 79 180 188 282 152

270 94 127 473 93 103 81 174 379 190 60 159 259 179 207 66 62 187 180 147 87

254 106 99 475 56 79 72 151 313 324 49 132 279 179 409 56 54 130 179 163 90

234 90 104 447 47 74 59 138 312 484 43 95 284 164 603 48 45 121 163 141 77

310 139 227 529 123 187 145 201 461 271 103 271 277 229 241 90 95 218 198 203 120

293 158 175 579 77 147 121 179 363 386 86 244 312 227 448 72 76 162 199 248 144

269 139 172 494 64 133 102 162 381 520 74 155 314 218 618 63 62 151 175 212 115

155 112 87 103 88 75 24 20 17 33 34 33 45 28 20 70 39 22 93 68 52 46 40 29 110 96 86 21 19 16 15 10 8 9 6 5 97 89 74 11 8 7 24 16 14 70 61 41 48 39 29 30 23 19 39 23 12 96 76 59 101 109 105 66 81 62

120 75 30 27 36 64 67 38 101 16 12 7 96 8 21 51 47 24 40 83 98 58

87 64 25 26 22 36 49 28 88 14 8 5 88 7 12 44 38 17 23 66 106 72

67 55 21 29 15 21 37 31 79 12 6 4 73 6 11 30 28 15 13 51 102 56

138 89 26 30 41 67 81 42 106 18 13 8 96 10 22 61 48 27 40 90 99 62

100 77 76 65 22 19 30 31 25 18 38 21 59 45 35 30 92 82 17 14 9 7 6 5 89 73 7 6 14 12 53 36 38 28 20 17 23 13 71 55 108 103 77 59

208 171 29 38 57 85 112 58 182 24 17 11 160 13 27 86 64 35 58 131 171 101

146 138 24 40 35 45 81 45 156 22 11 7 146 9 19 73 49 27 31 101 186 129

110 114 21 36 24 24 57 36 137 18 9 6 118 8 16 48 35 21 16 75 178 95

158 129 35 31 47 79 84 48 167 18 14 8 154 10 23 61 60 29 53 123 155 90

111 105 28 29 27 43 61 40 143 16 9 6 141 8 14 51 46 21 29 95 169 115

83 86 25 34 18 22 43 37 125 14 7 5 113 7 13 34 33 17 14 70 162 85

184 150 32 34 52 82 99 53 175 21 15 10 157 11 25 74 62 32 56 127 163 95

129 122 26 34 31 44 71 42 149 19 10 6 143 9 16 62 48 24 30 98 178 122

97 100 23 35 21 23 50 37 131 16 8 6 116 8 14 41 34 19 15 73 170 90

413 362 314 236 146 216 301 272 499 287 140 129 414 172 196 250 271 178 235 312 368 353

330 374 207 253 144 189 346 268 600 377 101 108 532 144 181 252 222 185 202 277 683 708

287 361 152 259 139 150 372 251 571 394 81 98 488 135 162 226 204 187 193 258 578 714

293 256 128 156 103 147 192 278 400 112 111 78 356 91 98 144 237 117 168 248 286 227

233 289 188 157 88 117 206 246 562 136 77 67 498 83 90 151 180 98 136 214 599 625

200 293 220 140 79 86 210 268 456 148 60 60 458 80 87 141 164 94 113 187 528 720

358 309 222 196 124 182 247 275 450 199 131 104 385 132 147 198 256 148 202 277 327 292

283 331 197 205 117 154 277 257 579 257 95 88 513 114 135 202 202 143 169 246 640 666

244 326 189 200 109 119 292 260 515 273 75 79 472 108 124 183 185 142 153 222 550 713

43

1. Mortality and burden of disease Member State

Life expectancy at birth a (years)

Male

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth b (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

2007

Neonatal mortality rate c (per 1000 live births)

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

2004

25 76 64

34 78 66

39 81 67

37 82 70

42 85 73

42 86 74

31 79 67

38 81 70

41 83 71

34 74 60

36 78 64

35 76 62

1 66 14

49 68 57 68 59 68

49 71 61 68 61 70

51 73 63 70 63 72

53 74 58 75 61 71

52 77 63 76 64 74

54 78 66 78 66 77

51 71 58 72 60 69

51 74 62 72 63 72

52 76 65 74 64 74

45 65 56 64 55 65

46 69 57 70 57 69

45 67 57 67 56 67

40 11 35 10 38 17

52 62 64 72 62

53 65 65 75 64

55 67 67 77 65

55 64 72 79 66

56 68 73 81 68

58 70 74 82 70

53 63 68 76 64

55 66 69 78 66

57 68 70 80 68

48 60 58 68 58

49 62 63 72 61

49 61 61 70 59

41 27 12 4 28

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

44

MDG 4 Infant mortality rate a (probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007

5

3

2

4

2

1

5

3

2

7

4

3

6

3

1

6

3

2

80

74

61

40

39

43

60

57

53

184

176

176

156

154

154

169

165

165

308

292

278

299

256

254

304

274

262

952

708

795

528

625

720

844

666

725

42

31

23

36

25

19

40

28

22

52

35

27

48

30

23

50

33

25

263

239

226

154

142

125

207

197

176

114

104

94

99

90

81

107

97

88

189

170

151

172

156

139

181

163

145

423

454

429

325

376

374

374

414

401

37

24

18

30

20

15

34

22

16

45

29

21

38

24

17

42

27

19

207

180

163

116

100

91

162

140

127

82

62

50

79

61

48

81

61

49

112

81

62

117

87

67

114

84

65

302

283

252

257

219

187

280

252

220

29

20

14

24

16

11

27

18

13

36

24

16

29

20

13

32

22

15

215

229

221

97

98

94

157

165

159

88

74

64

75

64

56

82

69

60

113

95

83

108

92

81

111

93

82

270

246

229

217

189

175

245

219

203

32

25

17

40

32

20

36

28

19

42

32

21

50

38

24

46

35

22

190

160

144

137

102

85

165

132

115

111

97

85

95

83

74

103

90

80

169

147

130

156

136

121

162

142

126

364

365

339

300

307

292

332

336

316

58

47

38

60

49

39

59

48

38

78

61

48

85

67

52

81

64

50

248

226

201

193

159

132

221

194

168

40

28

20

33

24

17

37

26

19

48

34

24

40

29

20

44

31

22

265

284

276

127

136

138

197

212

208

11

7

6

9

6

5

10

7

6

13

9

8

11

7

6

12

8

7

155

129

115

77

67

62

117

98

89

65

56

48

61

52

45

63

54

46

92

78

67

91

78

66

91

78

67

247

236

217

175

162

147

212

200

183

45

Table 2

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Cause-specific mortality and morbidity Out of every 10 deaths worldwide, 6 are due to noncommunicable conditions; 3 to communicable, reproductive or nutritional conditions; and 1 to injuries. Many developing countries have mortality patterns that reflect high levels of infectious diseases and the risk of death during pregnancy and childbirth, in addition to the cancers, cardiovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases that account for most deaths in the developed world. Years of life lost (YLL) take into account the age at which deaths occur by giving greater weight to deaths occurring at younger ages and lower weight to deaths occurring at older ages. Globally, communicable diseases account for 51% of years of life lost, with noncommunicable diseases accounting for 34% and injuries for 14%. However, there are large variations across regions. In high-income countries, communicable diseases account for only 8% of years of life lost, compared with 68% in low-income countries. This table includes country-specific results from death registration, health system information systems, incidence and prevalence surveys, survey and census data on child deaths, sibling deaths and deaths in the household as well as studies on deaths due to HIV/AIDS and conflict. There are considerable uncertainty ranges for many countries due to limitations in data availability, quality and timeliness. Uncertainty in estimated all-cause mortality for 2007 ranges from ±1% for high-income countries to ±15–20% for sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting a large difference in data availability. Uncertainty ranges are generally larger for deaths from specific causes. For example, the relative uncertainty for deaths from ischaemic heart disease ranges from around ±12% for high-income countries to ±25–35% for subSaharan Africa. For any given disease, incidence is the number of new cases each year, prevalence is the number of people with the disease at a point in time, and mortality is the number who die from that cause each year. While global tuberculosis prevalence is estimated to have decreased between 1990 and 2007 due to improved treatment, incidence has increased over this period, mainly due to a resurgence in the WHO African and European Regions. These numbers are surrounded by much uncertainty due to an absence of population-based data on the rates of clinically confirmed tuberculosis cases. In most countries, tuberculosis case-detection estimates are based primarily on the number of people with pulmonary tuberculosis who present to health facilities; those who do not reach health facilities are not included in the calculations. The prevalence of HIV infection is highest in the African Region. Two thirds of the global total of 33 million people with HIV live in this region. In countries with generalized epidemics, HIV prevalence is estimated from antenatal clinic attendees and population-based surveys. In concentrated and low level epidemics (where HIV prevalence in pregnant women is below 1%), estimates are derived from surveillance of populations with high-risk behaviours.

47

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

2007

… … <10 … 65 … 18 <10 <10 … <10 <100 … <10 <50 11 <10 <100 37 … <10 … 585 8 … … 62 129 48 210 <10 … 253 130 7 3 21 … 170 … <10 197 … <10 … … … … … 132

<1 … 0 … 128 … 0 0 … … 0 … … 4 … … … <1 146 3 <1 … 2 <1 … … 178 94 4 116 … <1 100 173 … <0.01 <1 36 124 … <0.01 103 … … … … 0 158 … 14

30 3 2 2 22 1 4 10 1 1 10 5 5 44 0 8 1 5 12 43 24 8 37 3 7 5 41 68 77 15 <1 31 38 51 1 15 5 6 51 4 1 55 6 1 <1 1 65 72 1 91

… … 0.1 … 11.3 … 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.2 … 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 2.5 5.7 1.2 1.3 … 156.5 1.3 … 0.1 27.8 34.4 12.8 23.9 0.0 … 61.7 38.8 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 39.8 … 0.1 73.1 … 0.0 … 0.0 0.2 9.6 0.0 65.2

1 800 92 180 … 1 400 … 77 76 4 4 82 16 32 570 16 18 8 52 840 440 290 3 380 110 13 11 700 1 100 540 1 000 7 210 980 1 500 16 45 130 400 740 … 30 810 7 45 10 4 370 1 100 3 650

48

2004 1 309 752 565 373 1 071 674 515 1 064 355 409 856 509 678 730 531 854 437 677 835 708 765 670 594 625 473 733 924 919 832 840 374 591 868 910 458 627 483 713 716 570 439 946 578 437 412 559 642 921 495 862

719 485 268 127 480 296 207 673 136 176 593 231 289 411 213 614 175 351 388 407 241 467 277 286 193 529 431 429 381 389 131 274 404 418 160 279 215 323 341 301 163 422 318 207 265 304 345 427 190 495

Injuries

2007

Noncommunicable

2006

Communicable

2007

Injuries

2005

Cancer

Female

of which: Cardiovascular

MDG 6

TB among HIV-positive people e

MDG 6

TB among HIV-negative people d

MDG 6

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes f,h,i,j (%)

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause f,g (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Malaria c

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

Mortality

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio a (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS b

Member State

2004 164 149 98 127 190 160 139 178 126 131 110 115 114 107 144 140 150 122 144 102 239 120 104 133 106 129 160 158 147 147 135 102 152 160 132 143 117 123 125 64 119 170 166 131 82 178 95 159 167 100

97 58 60 29 206 45 46 44 32 38 27 76 37 100 38 150 44 118 82 99 74 41 111 78 29 42 110 200 73 96 33 66 173 117 46 73 150 61 99 35 54 250 49 50 27 52 62 207 38 84

77 12 43 7 81 17 18 13 6 4 37 36 12 61 22 5 5 33 78 57 54 6 84 30 16 5 82 80 67 78 6 53 78 82 10 20 22 66 79 29 14 74 5 9 9 4 40 81 4 72

18 71 42 80 11 70 67 79 78 82 57 45 68 27 66 71 81 41 16 30 34 83 10 50 65 87 12 11 25 15 79 31 13 12 71 59 34 25 13 58 64 14 84 75 78 83 49 10 85 20

5 16 15 12 8 12 15 7 16 13 6 19 20 12 12 24 15 26 6 13 11 11 7 20 20 8 6 9 8 7 15 16 9 6 19 21 44 9 8 13 22 12 12 16 14 14 11 9 11 8

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Morbidity

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population)

2004 19.1 33.8 50.5 52.5 18.2 64.4 48.1 49.3 47.0 54.9 32.9 43.3 39.8 43.5 70.3 30.1 38.9 44.1 21.9 32.6 31.3 55.8 31.0 32.3 42.5 28.1 15.2 19.9 30.3 17.2 52.8 22.1 21.9 18.2 41.8 50.3 52.3 33.5 26.6 29.1 44.3 26.9 49.2 37.5 15.1 50.6 32.7 19.6 45.9 28.0

0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.1 0.0 4.8 2.0 0.4 1.7 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 22.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.6 0.6 6.7 0.0 0.0 6.6 3.1 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.1 6.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 4.7

24.3 13.7 13.1 0.1 22.4 0.0 1.0 13.6 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.8 0.1 21.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 3.8 15.6 25.3 18.8 0.6 14.4 19.4 1.5 1.2 19.4 22.1 20.3 16.4 0.2 11.8 13.3 14.2 0.4 10.5 9.1 9.3 9.7 10.0 1.8 14.8 0.0 1.0 21.5 1.0 26.4 17.9 1.3 18.6

0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 19.3 10.7 12.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 14.2 1.2 2.9 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.7 0.0 2.5

1990 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.1 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 21.7 10.0 0.5 21.9 0.0 3.0 15.8 18.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 12.2 29.7 0.0 0.0 14.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 0.0 1.0

32.7 9.9 12.2 2.1 30.0 1.0 4.1 11.9 2.0 0.8 22.0 5.5 1.1 14.8 0.0 2.4 0.9 7.3 19.1 18.2 20.4 3.1 17.0 17.3 1.1 16.2 24.9 28.5 19.1 20.3 1.6 9.1 16.8 18.1 4.1 8.3 6.6 10.0 11.1 14.6 3.3 17.6 0.4 3.2 3.5 1.9 17.2 23.1 1.2 22.5

1.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 1.6 2.1 6.6 2.6 9.1 4.2 1.1 14.1 7.2 2.8 5.4 16.1 10.2 10.1 2.4 2.0 5.2 4.3 4.0 2.9 7.8 8.2 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.6 5.9 6.8 2.4 2.0 4.0 9.0 6.3 4.0 3.3 2.3 5.3 2.6 8.8 8.5 5.1 9.7 3.2 2.7 4.1 1.3

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population per year)

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥ 15 years b (per 100 000 population)

Other

Injuries

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

Neonatal

i,k

22.5 40.0 18.3 42.0 16.4 30.9 40.0 22.0 41.9 40.1 24.2 33.6 51.6 12.8 19.4 48.9 49.2 33.0 13.5 18.6 24.1 36.2 10.7 27.6 46.6 46.3 15.9 14.8 26.6 15.0 39.5 28.0 12.5 13.6 49.5 20.9 23.4 16.7 11.9 41.1 45.2 11.8 41.6 49.6 54.7 36.8 20.2 14.6 47.4 21.4

436 42 45 39 514 16 96 52 7 18 58 54 120 639 8 62 16 65 140 924 377 160 344 124 91 43 179 288 928 188 7 449 318 251 45 327 88 188 209 0 30 292 126 32 14 22 841 275 12 1 485 49

2000 346 40 48 20 530 8 52 94 6 11 113 45 57 500 5 110 12 39 128 515 238 70 445 83 108 64 338 455 758 228 5 380 485 420 21 269 51 112 313 12 14 472 76 13 9 16 713 592 7 761

2007 238 22 56 19 294 9 35 81 6 10 86 51 60 387 3 69 9 46 135 363 198 55 622 60 65 41 403 647 664 195 4 280 425 497 12 194 43 83 485 31 11 582 54 7 6 9 441 666 6 1 104

1990 168 25 38 36 205 10 60 33 7 23 35 44 76 264 7 38 20 40 77 540 255 94 307 84 58 27 95 154 585 81 10 175 145 125 38 116 53 85 169 0 18 177 74 25 9 21 344 165 15 582

2000 168 25 48 22 250 6 40 71 6 14 75 44 47 239 4 73 16 40 85 340 190 63 640 60 102 44 198 321 530 168 6 160 302 262 19 105 42 56 353 7 14 368 49 11 6 15 344 343 9 708

2007 168 17 57 19 287 5 31 72 6 12 77 44 40 223 4 61 12 40 91 246 155 51 731 48 59 39 226 367 495 192 5 151 345 299 12 98 35 42 403 15 11 420 40 6 5 9 344 392 8 813

2007 … … 87 … 1 962 … 409 99 107 138 120 2 508 … 11 914 158 172 1 863 1 161 <109 132 … 22 757 510 … … 1 498 1 903 755 4 580 268 … 5 582 3 102 244 65 490 <41 3 330 … 295 3 697 … 67 … 17 … … 108 2 870

Table 2

Mortality

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

2007

… 42 10 <10 25 … 54 <50 81 … … 3 173 … … <10 89 <10 … 29 48 65 <200 75 27 … … … 4 6 … <10 <10 3 55 <10 … <10 … … … <10 <10 <50 <10 896 61 … <10 …

… <1 <1 0 <0.001 220 2 … 51 … … … 96 106 <0.001 … 109 … … <1 164 180 10 8 <1 … … 1 2 <0.01 0 … … … … … … … 74 … … <0.001 1 … … … 171 … … …

2 10 19 2 6 48 13 5 64 3 1 1 35 43 9 1 38 2 1 10 46 30 15 47 8 2 0 26 37 2 11 1 1 1 1 3 1 17 26 49 2 17 22 7 2 37 41 1 8 1

… 3.1 3.4 0.1 1.4 39.5 3.0 1.3 28.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 40.8 11.8 0.4 0.0 14.2 0.1 … 1.9 23.5 14.4 8.4 23.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.4 0.2 … 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 … 0.6 38.9 … … 0.7 1.7 0.5 0.1 226.2 21.2 … 0.3 0.0

… 150 210 130 170 680 450 25 720 210 7 8 520 690 66 4 560 3 … 290 910 1 100 470 670 280 6 4 450 420 140 300 1 4 3 170 6 62 140 560 … 4 150 660 10 150 960 1 200 97 11 12

50

2004 580 794 484 891 518 938 686 664 817 767 405 387 716 830 554 429 699 436 827 515 844 925 835 740 761 693 375 713 690 687 1 018 459 368 372 605 284 711 1 145 729 730 454 1 012 828 710 715 581 931 654 635 419

242 411 186 515 184 430 330 400 384 440 185 123 333 387 430 199 343 244 426 163 389 428 449 372 347 359 161 382 344 437 586 190 121 155 289 103 433 792 344 245 275 653 440 471 435 278 432 409 393 186

Injuries

2007

Noncommunicable

2006

Communicable

2007

Injuries

2005

Cancer

Female

of which: Cardiovascular

MDG 6

TB among HIV-positive people e

MDG 6

TB among HIV-negative people d

MDG 6

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes f,h,i,j (%)

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause f,g (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Malaria c

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

Mortality

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio a (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS b

Member State

2004 167 157 117 81 106 166 117 162 142 81 113 154 127 145 67 135 127 132 186 119 149 161 112 111 142 204 126 100 127 106 152 155 121 132 134 120 126 168 129 52 69 111 141 156 90 101 161 80 153 136

32 109 83 36 99 136 90 113 105 36 64 45 97 84 20 28 80 31 47 103 101 104 119 178 68 63 34 116 233 95 486 30 29 29 71 39 59 152 113 22 32 95 129 115 91 72 192 60 128 46

20 40 34 31 37 78 73 5 82 24 4 6 68 72 25 5 73 4 26 51 77 83 41 67 47 3 4 56 31 28 42 7 9 5 35 8 29 25 82 42 13 35 62 5 20 86 84 29 5 7

69 40 44 61 39 15 16 72 12 66 75 79 21 21 70 86 20 83 64 32 16 12 43 16 39 86 79 30 32 47 25 79 76 85 48 76 53 56 11 55 61 50 24 73 60 10 9 54 69 77

11 20 22 8 24 7 11 22 6 10 21 15 11 8 5 9 7 12 11 17 7 5 17 17 14 11 18 14 37 25 34 13 15 10 17 16 18 20 8 3 25 14 14 21 19 5 7 17 26 16

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Morbidity

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

0.0 3.7 0.8 0.0 2.1 3.2 2.8 0.7 2.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 13.8 1.3 0.1 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.0 1.3 1.6 1.6 5.5 2.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 10.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 51.9 1.1 0.8 0.0 0.0

0.0 11.8 13.7 13.9 13.8 14.5 22.6 0.0 19.4 3.2 0.0 1.0 7.0 11.9 19.2 0.3 10.4 0.0 1.2 15.3 15.3 16.6 12.4 17.9 14.8 0.3 0.0 19.8 13.1 13.7 15.9 0.4 0.5 0.0 12.2 0.7 13.1 16.5 15.3 16.3 0.8 19.9 16.9 0.0 10.3 3.2 14.8 16.2 1.1 2.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 7.6 2.9 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 8.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

1990 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 23.3 1.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 27.0 0.0 0.0 25.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.9 19.1 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.1 10.3 11.4 12.7 11.7 18.0 24.9 3.7 24.0 12.9 0.8 0.6 7.6 12.9 18.9 1.4 11.7 4.7 6.3 13.4 16.4 19.9 7.2 19.8 14.0 3.3 2.8 14.1 7.5 12.5 17.8 2.0 0.4 1.5 9.1 3.9 10.5 14.0 18.1 9.6 4.6 16.5 17.6 1.9 8.7 2.4 17.8 12.1 4.8 0.0

1.3 7.4 3.9 3.2 2.8 2.2 4.2 10.2 2.2 2.8 11.2 7.9 4.4 2.9 1.4 6.4 3.4 4.8 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.9 5.8 8.9 4.6 5.3 9.8 2.8 28.9 9.1 6.6 2.9 6.2 3.4 4.6 12.3 4.4 6.9 3.3 1.0 7.0 5.0 2.2 12.5 9.1 2.4 1.7 2.2 16.4 10.5

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥ 15 years b (per 100 000 population)

Other

Injuries

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

Neonatal

2004 65.2 48.2 44.0 40.4 37.8 19.7 24.4 43.7 21.5 31.1 46.5 45.5 30.9 33.1 47.6 47.4 34.2 40.3 63.4 38.1 22.6 20.4 41.4 21.8 38.6 56.1 33.2 39.8 27.9 43.5 40.9 41.5 44.8 53.6 41.7 23.8 44.1 37.4 25.8 41.9 34.2 37.4 30.9 46.1 50.0 28.2 24.2 46.0 32.3 52.4

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population per year)

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population)

i,k

32.3 18.4 25.8 29.3 31.8 11.6 17.0 41.7 23.0 49.6 41.5 44.9 15.3 10.2 12.4 44.5 10.5 50.3 23.4 29.9 18.2 15.7 27.3 28.4 26.5 35.1 54.3 17.0 13.9 21.0 18.5 53.2 48.1 41.4 26.7 59.1 27.8 25.0 13.8 29.6 53.2 21.2 21.6 39.5 21.3 11.8 15.9 22.5 45.4 34.5

24 183 282 48 133 169 245 50 312 68 14 21 359 350 51 15 533 30 7 113 241 404 39 479 141 67 5 586 443 50 88 19 11 11 10 62 19 95 125 1026 89 90 428 56 64 225 476 46 64 19 51

2000 20 119 194 36 69 274 114 72 486 42 8 13 434 491 98 9 368 19 7 90 332 273 98 403 70 43 3 443 326 40 71 12 7 7 7 45 11 141 393 546 33 156 344 91 35 356 435 22 115 11

2007 19 82 140 27 48 469 134 39 579 30 5 11 379 404 83 5 353 16 6 87 448 276 136 366 71 19 3 283 244 27 79 11 6 6 7 28 9 139 319 423 25 134 289 55 23 568 398 17 69 9

1990 15 114 167 37 82 108 72 32 159 51 18 26 153 185 39 20 223 33 5 74 119 158 27 306 98 41 6 168 343 36 56 24 14 14 7 47 17 58 112 513 45 55 179 34 50 184 199 30 40 23

2000 14 85 124 27 54 224 85 66 331 30 10 16 254 225 82 11 211 21 4 68 200 192 79 306 73 36 4 168 270 31 56 14 9 9 7 34 9 141 405 420 28 135 162 83 27 553 242 22 77 14

2007 13 69 101 21 40 256 95 38 378 21 6 14 406 258 84 6 203 18 4 63 287 220 122 306 59 17 4 168 228 22 56 13 8 7 7 21 7 129 353 365 24 121 151 53 19 637 277 17 68 12

2007 … 902 275 18 743 3 343 1 264 871 1 907 … 55 278 5 308 741 75 73 1 722 115 … 691 1 520 1 692 2 360 1 823 598 39 <212 290 161 163 … 161 98 296 1 386 9 … 102 … … … 113 149 509 101 21 548 1 615 … 77 …

Table 2

Mortality

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

2007

<10 488 15 … 47 … … <50 … 10 … … … … <10 379 51 246 … 18 <10 … <10 28 115 … … … 3 … <50 <50 <50 12 <10 <10 <10 … <10 <10 … 28 80 … … … … … … …

12 95 <1 … 201 … … 85 … <0.001 … … … … 0 92 19 47 … <1 … … <1 229 156 … … 0 <1 … <1 45 <0.001 <1 <1 … … … 0 … … … 59 … … … … … 19 0

45 21 13 4 63 1 32 60 3 2 9 0 29 4 8 45 11 29 3 22 1 1 6 32 53 … 1 1 28 8 4 44 9 14 41 3 3 7 10 18 16 14 57 1 2 5 3 1 27 5

2.5 81.1 4.9 0.1 27.7 0.0 … 14.9 0.5 0.2 … … 0.1 … 0.1 81.7 1.9 73.2 … 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 6.8 39.8 … 0.0 … 0.9 … 0.7 16.6 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 … 0.1 0.9 0.6 3.6 70.2 … … … … … … …

510 1 100 62 120 970 8 … 820 15 60 … … 46 … 240 520 380 210 … 830 6 9 170 1 800 1 100 … 7 64 320 … 130 470 150 240 230 8 11 12 14 22 24 28 1 300 … … … … … … 18

52

2004 799 796 623 953 967 433 961 812 731 501 682 321 923 … 655 777 775 513 1 093 769 425 398 705 1 030 909 595 391 664 717 735 417 772 602 534 620 583 456 512 470 963 706 904 878 691 522 674 766 357 788 678

372 376 275 334 451 206 502 383 453 174 364 114 475 … 394 365 419 243 619 420 154 162 309 471 417 314 158 396 409 390 168 419 278 173 320 314 200 273 168 634 463 645 409 424 205 289 408 214 400 396

Injuries

2007

Noncommunicable

2006

Communicable

2007

Injuries

2005

Cancer

Female

of which: Cardiovascular

MDG 6

TB among HIV-positive people e

MDG 6

TB among HIV-negative people d

MDG 6

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes f,h,i,j (%)

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause f,g (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Malaria c

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Mortality

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio a (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS b

Member State

2004 139 140 137 306 166 123 121 140 89 92 83 118 289 … 65 136 112 91 135 116 155 136 128 182 158 70 140 103 103 91 104 113 138 163 93 177 134 56 161 129 138 142 153 108 128 152 93 127 140 107

81 105 53 165 112 25 61 90 43 55 33 39 86 … 49 108 96 73 129 119 24 39 71 127 109 36 42 39 91 36 52 100 74 60 59 54 40 35 67 97 54 218 147 43 67 64 40 18 103 76

74 87 28 35 83 6 34 73 10 25 32 7 32 … 39 81 56 82 24 60 6 5 39 86 81 33 4 16 64 29 35 65 33 41 44 4 9 17 6 10 9 8 83 27 17 31 32 5 71 24

19 8 55 35 11 85 56 18 78 58 58 77 51 … 48 12 33 11 60 27 85 77 44 10 13 56 79 63 26 62 45 25 44 45 43 81 78 59 72 74 79 62 10 63 60 54 58 87 18 49

8 5 17 30 5 9 10 9 12 18 10 16 17 … 13 7 11 6 15 13 9 18 17 4 6 11 16 21 10 9 20 11 23 15 13 15 12 25 22 16 12 29 7 11 22 16 9 9 11 27

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Morbidity

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

0.1 11.2 2.2 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 … 0.2 14.3 0.6 41.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 2.2 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

21.2 18.5 14.6 15.1 18.0 0.0 17.8 16.0 2.6 4.7 19.3 3.7 17.7 … 14.8 13.6 21.4 2.0 19.6 24.4 0.1 0.3 15.0 21.4 13.5 0.0 0.0 20.0 13.2 7.9 12.9 17.0 12.5 13.9 14.3 0.0 0.4 3.6 0.3 2.6 2.1 1.5 22.0 7.4 0.6 4.8 12.3 0.0 18.6 13.4

2.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 … 0.0 0.4 3.2 0.0 27.2 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 11.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.9 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 9.7 0.0

1990 2.2 14.6 0.1 1.4 16.5 0.0 1.6 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 … 0.4 15.8 3.3 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 9.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 4.5 0.0

24.4 23.3 8.3 9.0 22.7 0.0 12.4 19.1 5.2 9.3 16.1 1.0 15.7 … 14.2 16.6 16.0 2.1 13.1 17.3 1.2 2.0 13.7 28.6 17.0 11.0 0.4 11.7 14.5 15.4 11.2 10.5 9.9 12.1 13.0 2.4 2.7 1.4 1.0 13.7 25.0 2.2 28.5 0.0 2.0 1.2 9.3 0.0 15.7 11.2

3.1 2.2 5.8 18.6 1.8 3.8 2.1 3.0 8.9 8.8 2.4 8.8 3.9 … 3.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 9.4 2.2 5.3 11.5 3.8 1.5 2.0 3.0 10.2 4.4 2.1 2.4 6.8 2.2 8.8 8.9 3.4 5.2 10.1 6.4 8.7 13.4 9.0 12.7 2.1 3.6 9.2 8.2 2.6 0.0 3.6 14.5

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥ 15 years b (per 100 000 population)

Other

Injuries

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

Neonatal

2004 29.5 13.2 35.9 39.3 22.1 35.7 31.2 27.9 46.6 41.3 0.0 34.9 30.5 … 46.8 22.5 38.3 28.1 0.0 36.8 44.3 43.3 36.1 13.5 19.5 19.5 36.3 27.5 42.4 27.7 38.0 28.2 44.4 33.1 37.5 48.5 42.3 34.8 55.1 26.8 36.3 39.1 22.0 57.3 64.8 64.9 17.6 29.6 0.0 31.0

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population per year)

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population)

i,k

16.9 16.9 32.9 15.7 17.8 60.5 33.3 18.6 36.7 35.7 60.5 51.6 31.9 … 20.1 14.1 14.9 13.7 30.6 15.9 49.1 42.9 30.9 15.3 13.6 65.8 53.1 35.9 22.0 45.6 28.8 29.5 22.9 30.4 31.6 43.9 44.6 52.3 34.9 43.4 27.7 39.9 15.6 31.7 23.4 19.7 54.1 70.4 47.8 29.8

367 380 159 143 640 10 605 585 53 101 263 3 477 … 134 287 411 650 170 629 11 10 145 317 282 118 8 40 430 96 74 498 95 394 799 88 51 71 223 105 118 69 190 17 26 45 36 9 346 68 53

2000 359 362 135 96 571 6 431 619 39 42 173 2 297 … 98 499 267 481 44 312 7 11 85 278 489 0 5 13 413 104 60 486 90 210 600 53 36 78 113 215 197 164 442 15 20 35 27 6 272 67

2007 417 305 121 48 599 5 281 559 39 23 100 2 234 49 80 504 162 532 33 240 6 7 56 292 521 0 4 14 223 71 45 430 73 136 500 28 23 81 126 151 128 115 590 12 18 39 25 5 240 65

1990 177 258 118 129 275 11 302 228 28 61 188 4 205 … 149 181 171 322 85 243 14 10 108 125 131 59 10 26 181 64 47 250 60 317 393 52 67 60 165 65 74 45 167 10 16 27 32 12 135 43

2000 217 425 109 71 300 7 248 277 24 32 128 3 205 … 112 378 171 671 44 199 9 11 68 152 272 0 6 12 181 52 47 250 59 184 329 35 46 66 72 138 136 113 348 10 15 26 23 7 114 47

2007 251 346 103 47 319 6 215 318 22 20 97 2 205 32 92 431 171 767 33 173 8 7 49 174 311 0 6 13 181 60 47 250 58 126 290 25 30 70 90 141 115 110 397 9 14 25 19 6 101 46

2007 116 11 367 428 … 1 437 59 … 744 1 348 267 … … <52 … 95 11 761 667 13 885 … 389 134 42 211 757 2 886 … 79 … 89 … 810 1 395 501 382 14 59 379 … 33 286 77 774 2 342 … … … … … … …

Table 2

Mortality

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

Noncommunicable

of which:

Communicable

MDG 6

Noncommunicable

MDG 6

2007

2007

980 … … 2 100 14 6 6 220 1 400 400 4 58 450 72 390 3 5 130 170 110 10

15 <10 … 56 <10 … <10 … 18 721 5 … 65 … 876 <10 <10 … <10 47 …

80 … … 154 … … … 30 41 <1 … <0.01 85 5 <1 … … 0 <0.01 <1 …

49 5 5 98 3 3 2 21 55 38 3 8 59 18 40 1 1 2 42 15 5

15.1 0.2 … 50.2 0.1 … … … 7.8 192.9 0.3 0.0 12.6 10.4 276.8 0.0 0.1 … 3.1 6.0 …

852 … 650 1 033 345 628 480 694 1 148 867 379 681 986 728 707 372 360 679 884 516 737

398 … 340 468 164 368 209 370 601 389 131 301 543 389 331 171 140 382 642 164 482

149 … 119 184 113 164 165 78 156 151 131 114 125 109 125 115 125 57 75 134 147

96 … 62 171 27 48 57 36 247 159 30 458 235 87 122 32 34 46 34 92 79

74 … 17 83 12 5 4 50 72 69 7 8 57 31 83 5 5 25 72 42 6

18 … 63 11 73 82 80 41 16 19 81 30 21 52 10 83 81 59 23 40 74

8 … 19 6 14 13 16 9 12 12 12 62 23 17 7 12 13 15 5 19 21

380 510 … 45 100 44 130 … 550 18 37 8 950 11 20 24 … 57 150 430 830 880

… 138 … … <10 … … … 249 41 … <10 237 7 <50 <10 … … 27 … 470 1049

93 113 … … … <0.001 0 … 145 … … … 98 … … <0.001 13 <1 <1 4 121 10

47 76 2 1 3 5 9 17 41 11 2 2 29 0 2 16 12 4 20 10 26 52

… 61.8 … 0.6 0.1 … … … 52.2 3.7 … 0.0 49.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 … 0.9 3.5 … 89.1 212.8

663 818 658 751 537 701 1 100 979 786 881 410 441 851 450 521 880 749 441 611 941 833 816

365 381 346 364 332 437 832 507 369 632 243 175 395 179 204 663 397 209 295 544 389 377

96 143 83 123 58 112 95 123 138 127 65 147 150 133 167 68 89 100 115 108 146 145

83 86 28 60 53 39 71 71 169 130 37 26 130 50 52 49 37 92 64 110 125 147

70 78 31 26 41 26 48 30 80 9 18 7 79 9 12 48 39 21 39 60 85 85

21 16 61 61 44 63 42 59 10 72 53 84 13 73 74 42 52 44 46 27 9 8

9 7 8 14 15 11 11 11 10 19 28 9 8 18 15 10 9 35 15 12 6 6

54

2004

Injuries

2006

Injuries

2007

Cancer

2005

Cardiovascular

Female

TB among HIV-positive people e

MDG 6

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes f,h,i,j (%)

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause f,g (per 100 000 population)

TB among HIV-negative people d

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Malaria c

Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Mortality

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio a (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS b

Member State

2004

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Morbidity

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥ 15 years b (per 100 000 population)

Other

Injuries

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

Neonatal

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population per year)

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population)

i,k

2004

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

2007

22.4 … 43.0 17.8 29.2 39.5 43.7 34.9 17.3 21.3 47.3 14.2 22.2 44.1 25.2 48.7 49.8 27.4 27.4 34.7 56.3

0.7 … 0.0 0.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 44.9 0.0 0.1 2.6 1.2 32.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0

19.9 … 0.0 20.9 0.7 0.4 1.3 8.1 19.1 7.9 0.1 5.4 13.1 7.5 10.2 0.0 0.3 19.0 24.1 20.6 3.2

1.6 … 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 12.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

15.4 … 0.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0

23.6 … 14.2 27.9 13.8 8.3 1.6 8.3 24.5 8.0 1.0 1.9 14.7 6.2 11.7 0.6 0.3 12.2 27.0 9.4 5.2

2.8 … 7.0 1.5 7.5 7.7 5.5 3.8 3.6 2.8 6.4 72.9 5.5 7.0 3.3 2.8 4.5 3.3 2.4 15.8 2.4

13.6 … 35.9 16.9 46.8 44.0 47.8 33.8 20.3 14.9 45.0 5.5 17.8 32.9 16.6 47.9 45.1 38.0 19.1 14.6 32.9

380 … 113 465 52 55 66 625 597 769 44 109 409 109 629 5 14 94 193 336 92

420 … 52 675 39 32 27 300 414 515 27 107 375 115 740 4 7 41 191 223 56

468 41 55 941 27 20 15 180 352 692 23 79 402 155 812 5 5 27 322 192 33

195 … 43 207 50 40 43 312 249 301 56 60 174 66 267 7 18 61 112 142 54

237 … 37 377 37 26 23 185 249 576 35 60 212 79 801 5 9 35 117 142 36

272 32 32 574 27 17 13 128 249 948 30 60 243 116 1198 6 6 24 231 142 29

886 79 … 1 523 113 <11 <29 … 495 16 293 370 25 1 253 2 066 24 301 82 398 … 239 1 191 <30

35.2 25.3 24.0 65.2 41.5 43.2 30.9 14.3 20.2 31.5 41.4 52.6 25.3 50.4 41.3 34.1 17.3 49.6 47.6 31.8 20.0 24.4

0.1 4.2 0.0 3.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 5.8 0.5 0.0 9.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.0 14.4 30.4

9.2 13.5 15.3 1.4 13.0 15.4 22.2 15.9 15.5 0.8 10.1 0.1 12.9 0.1 1.7 22.3 5.7 9.0 13.9 17.0 15.3 10.6

1.7 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.5 3.5 0.0 0.0

27.2 24.2 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 16.9 1.4

0.0 16.3 8.9 2.0 10.7 13.2 25.6 5.8 19.0 0.4 3.5 2.0 15.3 1.7 4.7 23.8 2.1 6.2 10.7 19.8 19.1 12.7

1.5 2.6 2.5 3.1 9.0 3.1 5.5 3.2 4.4 13.9 6.1 4.3 2.9 10.9 10.5 4.9 2.5 6.6 5.0 4.3 2.4 4.4

25.2 13.9 43.1 24.5 25.6 24.5 15.9 59.8 12.4 47.7 38.2 41.0 15.3 36.9 41.6 14.9 56.0 28.4 20.7 23.0 12.0 16.0

706 702 45 17 49 83 105 593 206 67 47 9 215 7 35 114 278 46 365 265 436 409

644 656 34 15 30 49 130 422 391 120 27 9 364 4 27 139 143 39 248 164 658 479

378 750 28 15 28 34 75 203 426 102 24 12 337 3 23 140 102 39 220 130 387 714

322 308 34 11 31 49 64 296 163 41 30 12 178 9 28 68 139 35 202 133 297 329

322 374 28 11 25 31 92 211 340 84 18 12 339 6 24 93 98 34 183 100 602 685

322 429 24 11 26 30 68 166 330 102 16 15 297 4 22 113 77 34 171 76 506 782

… 3 184 … 1 240 46 … <14 … 5 155 1 082 … 154 5 771 452 391 85 … … 446 … 15 087 14 609

55

Table 2

Mortality

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity Mortality

Noncommunicable

of which:

2007

2007

1 2 100 130

3 1 049 21

0 229 2

0 98 8

0.0 276.8 0.9

284 1 309 691

103 832 364

52 306 129

18 486 68

3 87 31

8 87 52

3 62 12

900 99 450 27 420 82

198 11 … 10 10 4

104 <1 2 … 7 <1

45 4 28 6 17 16

47.6 0.9 2.3 0.9 1.4 0.8

841 499 701 590 790 557

390 202 365 332 458 243

147 130 107 142 101 139

126 66 131 79 109 68

80 25 52 56 12 24

13 55 31 30 70 57

7 20 17 15 18 19

650 180 91 9 400

87 11 65 4 34

61 3 <1 … 17

41 20 8 2 20

21.1 2.1 12.9 0.1 6.8

794 675 692 408 612

409 337 401 164 301

126 125 133 135 130

108 104 102 43 93

68 29 27 8 51

21 49 53 77 34

10 22 20 15 14

2004

Injuries

2006

Injuries

2007

Cancer

2005

Cardiovascular

Female

TB among HIV-positive people e

MDG 6

TB among HIV-negative people d

MDG 6

Malaria c

MDG 6

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes f,h,i,j (%)

Age-standardized mortality rates by cause f,g (per 100 000 population)

Communicable

Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio a (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS b

Member State

2004

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

56

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Morbidity

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged ≥ 15 years b (per 100 000 population)

Other

Injuries

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

Neonatal

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population per year)

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosis l (per 100 000 population)

i,k

2004

1990

2000

2007

1990

2000

2007

2007

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5.5

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

70.3

51.9

26.4

27.2

29.7

32.7

72.9

70.4

1485

761

1104

585

801

1198

24 301

35.7

0.1

12.2

0.0

0.0

10.5

4.2

28.4

109

98

75

64

72

60

391

4 735

21.0

5.0

16.3

3.9

15.6

20.4

2.4

15.4

324

436

475

168

319

363

37.7

0.7

12.7

0.0

0.2

12.7

5.9

30.0

82

51

38

57

40

32

448

39.0

0.4

19.5

5.5

0.4

13.7

5.3

16.2

554

417

280

202

189

181

295

37.8

0.7

14.0

0.1

0.0

14.9

5.7

26.7

52

68

51

37

51

49

336

32.6

0.3

16.7

3.0

2.3

19.6

3.5

21.9

227

203

139

110

107

105

202

46.2

0.3

12.0

0.8

0.3

9.8

7.5

23.1

320

260

197

129

115

108

89

24.6

3.2

17.1

4.0

11.9

20.1

2.5

16.5

398

421

387

192

260

269

1 842

38.3

0.8

17.2

3.9

1.9

13.7

5.8

18.2

393

311

219

149

140

134

263

34.8

9.3

11.7

0.1

0.2

11.6

5.0

27.2

127

115

100

72

95

109

1 482

43.4

0.2

3.5

0.4

1.0

4.3

9.5

37.7

33

21

17

29

18

16

241

30.6

2.5

16.8

3.8

7.4

17.1

4.0

17.8

296

259

206

125

136

139

644

57

Table 2

Mortality

Table 3

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Selected infectious diseases This table is compiled from countries’ most recent reports of cases of selected infectious diseases. These are officially reported numbers, but vary greatly in quality, representativeness, comparability and information value. The selection of diseases for inclusion in this table was made primarily on the availability of data. Where possible, the table distinguishes between zero cases reported and no information available for a country. In isolation, these numbers provide no indication of the relative risk of disease, nor of the quality of disease reporting in different countries. However, this table does indicate the current status of officially reported infectious disease data at the global level and the major reporting gaps. Given the variation in the methods countries use to obtain these numbers, no attempt has been made to calculate incidence or prevalence. Further information on disease incidence and prevalence and immunization coverage rates for vaccine-preventable diseases can be obtained from the relevant disease-specific programmes at WHO. To interpret these numbers, one needs to consider both epidemiological patterns and data collection efforts in specific countries. Some diseases – malaria and yellow fever, for example – are endemic to certain geographical regions, but are extremely rare elsewhere. Diseases such as plague are prone to outbreaks which cause case numbers to fluctuate wildly over time. Some diseases are best tackled with preventive measures such as mass drug treatment, so reporting the number of cases is a lower priority than estimating the population at risk. For vaccine-preventable diseases, case numbers are affected by immunization rates. Diseases such as H5N1 influenza, Japanese encephalitis and malaria are difficult to identify without specialized laboratory tests that are often not available in developing countries. In many settings, cases of some diseases – malaria is a common example – are identified through clinical signs and symptoms alone. Some diseases are reported under the International Health Regulations, while other diseases are monitored by countries or by WHO in the context of specific control programmes. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance disease surveillance and response, many countries face challenges in accurately identifying, diagnosing and reporting infectious diseases due to the remoteness of communities, lack of transport and a communication infrastructure, and shortage of skilled health-care workers and laboratory facilities to ensure accurate diagnosis. No inference can be drawn from these figures about a country’s effort or progress in controlling particular diseases. Case numbers are a poor indication of the burden of disease. Diseases such as H5N1 influenza and plague have high mortality rates, while diseases such as polio and leprosy have low mortality but result in heavy losses of healthy years of life. Some diseases with very small case numbers can potentially cause devastating epidemics, so mandatory reporting is essential. For diseases that are considered eradicable, such as leprosy and polio, case reporting is essential to ensure eradication efforts are targeted to the affected areas. In 2007, over 200 000 new cases of leprosy were reported globally and 1385 new cases of polio. The true numbers of cases are likely to be higher. 59

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State

Number of reported cases

Cholera a

Diphtheria b

2007 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

… … … … 18 422 … … … 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 365 … 10 1 … … … … 168 … 1 555 7 785 … … 8 … … … … … 28 269 … 372

H5N1 influenza c,d 2008

104 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 86 0 5 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 5 … 5 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0

60

Japanese encephalitis b

Leprosy e

2007 … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 … … … … … … 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0

… 0 … … … … … … … … 0 0 0 204 … 0 0 … 0 … … 0 0 0 … 0 … … 295 … … … 0 … … 4 330 … 0 0 … 0 … 0 … … 0 0 … … 0

26 … 0 … 1 269 0 312 … … … … 0 2 5 357 0 … … 0 345 … … … 0 0 … … 588 239 315 549 … 8 345 631 … 1 528 510 108 261 0 11 1 204 … 244 … … … 8 820 … …

Malaria f

Measles b

2007

2007

433 412 … … … … … … 1 … … 110 … … … … … … … … 850 … … … 458 041 … … 2 487 633 … 59 848 … … … … … … … 110 389 … … … … … … … … … … … … 4 708

1 141 35 0 0 1 014 0 0 1 11 20 0 0 7 2 924 0 1 64 0 341 11 0 166 1 0 … 1 12 43 394 100 101 0 49 441 0 109 023 0 0 84 1 0 5 0 0 0 2 3 550 55 577 2 24

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Number of reported cases

Mumps

b

Pertussis

b

Plague

h

Poliomyelitis b,d

Congenital rubella syndrome b

17 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 0 0

… 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 2 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 17 … 0 … … … … 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 …

2008 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 346 … … … … … … … 9 831 … … … … … 345 908 … … … … … … … 1 043 … … … … … 5 579 … …

Rubella b

Neonatal tetanus b

Total tetanus b

Tuberculosis i

Yellow fever b

2007 … 824 … 4 … … 11 575 133 579 … 129 0 91 … 0 318 54 … 0 … … 83 0 0 … 5 299 … … … … 1 108 … 0 … 1 386 252 701 2 294 0 0 420 0 … 74 267 0 1 297 176 … 11 0

5 904 13 0 … 921 0 2 587 1 5 379 133 12 0 0 87 0 156 293 0 0 0 0 46 0 596 … 269 44 0 561 … 1 472 0 2 … 1 048 … 125 0 55 0 2 024 … 123 0 9 186 1 250 3 799 81 3

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 966 … …

61

152 0 … 0 25 0 96 87 36 13 4 0 5 13 226 0 7 … 0 29 3 0 25 18 8 672 … 88 4 15 386 126 1 … 118 … 4 236 74 746 2 0 2 0 0 48 33 0 0 4 101 … 1 …

40 0 4 0 70 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 206 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 5 … 0 13 14 50 48 0 0 68 100 0 2 112 4 1 3 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 379 0 0

71 2 11 0 790 0 6 0 3 0 3 1 0 1 034 2 0 1 0 9 … 9 1 0 281 … 0 13 14 242 147 5 0 68 100 3 2 112 65 2 3 0 1 31 5 0 0 0 0 1 153 3 0

13 213 165 8 439 2 21 422 2 4 985 497 281 189 1 356 32 109 104 296 8 1 051 322 54 … 328 5 686 737 3 002 38 444 136 1 080 2 614 3 595 19 421 13 220 463 158 … 2 513 1 166 465 877 7 188 … 3 552 … 322 14 071 382 432 8 267 23 575 66 099 135 1 208

… 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 6 0 0 13 … 0 2 0 … 2 0 0 0 … 0 … 7 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 … 0

Table 3

Meningitis

g

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State

Number of reported cases

Cholera a

Diphtheria b

2007 Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

… … … … … … 119 … 24 121 … … 4 … 12 … 2 179 … … … 8 546 153 … … … … … 2 635 … 19 4 696 … … 1 … … … … 1 206 … … … 169 … … … 3 063 … … …

H5N1 influenza c,d 2008

0 4 0 0 0 … … 0 … 0 0 1 … 0 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 0 0 0 3 354 183 32 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 … 0 … 1 2 18 0 0 … 0 0 0

62

Japanese encephalitis b

Leprosy e

2007 … … … 8 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 22 … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … …

… 0 0 … … … … 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 … … … … … … 0 … … … 0 0 4 017 … … 0 0 … … 0 … 0 0 … 0 … … 44 0 … 0 … 0 0 0

0 164 107 887 8 … … … 4 187 6 … … 27 … … … 594 … … … 803 58 26 29 … … … 137 685 17 723 25 0 … … … 6 11 0 … … 63 20 … 125 … … 4 319 8 … …

Malaria f

Measles b

2007

2007

… … … 30 … … … … 1 214 921 … … … … … 25 … 3 123 147 … … … … … … … … … … 1 476 562 … 15 712 3 … … … 184 … … … … … … 96 … … … … … … … …

0 0 0 1 684 0 5 55 1 1 446 0 0 39 0 0 44 567 6 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 36 900 19 456 133 230 64 539 321 0 … 41 13 1 516 0 … 40 1 678 0 373 2 1 59 0 0

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Number of reported cases

Meningitis

g

Mumps

b

Pertussis

b

Plague

h

Poliomyelitis b,d

Congenital rubella syndrome b

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 873 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 … 0 … 0 … … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … … … 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0

Neonatal tetanus b

Total tetanus b

Tuberculosis i

Yellow fever b

2007 … … … … … … … … 612 … … … … … … … 403 … … … 263 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

0 … 475 108 329 … … 18 … 827 6 7 998 … 0 85 … … 23 0 2 0 0 0 … 233 16 4 … … … 1 612 150 7 877 0 … 202 266 … 0 … 1 193 … 4 217 … … 145 81 0

0 10 14 0 2 … … 409 … 0 480 … … 0 63 … 487 29 0 97 0 0 39 824 71 48 4 70 729 … 267 3 140 78 2 635 474 0 … 1 69 … 0 … 71 13 27 45 0 … 94 17 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

63

0 0 0 11 354 0 0 … 10 187 0 0 … 0 0 225 … 175 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 168 20 51 19 3 429 0 … 3 2 692 387 0 … 3 1 7 32 … 3 1 13 0

0 2 2 34 0 1 … 0 62 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 10 0 0 2 27 4 0 38 0 0 0 937 141 3 6 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 52 0 … 0 15 0 0 0 13 0 0 0

0 64 15 34 6 1 … 0 62 0 … 8 … 0 7 … 1 027 10 1 3 27 8 0 92 13 4 0 7 005 141 11 17 1 0 22 10 … 1 4 52 0 … … 17 1 4 0 13 0 1 0

3 2 373 3 448 4 887 942 … 694 168 38 040 52 85 1 921 1 462 1 238 1 867 1 183 7 429 257 3 2 348 6 199 … 233 7 915 1 974 381 2 592 587 160 617 4 701 2 726 135 143 979 78 9 433 109 6 195 38 360 103 274 1 720 3 080 478 143 788 … 772 925 0

0 0 0 … 0 … … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 3

2008

Rubella b

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State

Number of reported cases

Cholera a

Diphtheria b

2007 Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

… 475 … … … … … 3 … … … … … … … 2 622 … 14 … 264 … … … 24 1 661 … 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 453 … … … … … 90 …

H5N1 influenza c,d 2008

3 0 2 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 5 0 0 44 0 0 0 10 … 0 … 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 … 0 0 91 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 3

64

Japanese encephalitis b

Leprosy e

2007 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … … 0 … … … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 435 … 0 … … … 0 … 0 … 0 … … 0 … … 0 … 0 7 0 0 … … 0 … … … 0 0 0

1 521 … 190 … 455 … 64 … … 243 141 … 0 … 38 2 510 3 637 … 3 4 436 … … … 610 4 665 … … 2 496 4 … 270 403 19 2 514 … … … 12 … … … … … 12 0 … … … 20

Malaria f

Measles b

2007

2007

790 510 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 75 6 327 916 … … … … … … … 1 308 234 2 969 950 … … 705 128 570 … … … … … … … … … … … … 122 … … … … … … … 2 864

0 143 394 20 2 2 0 11 13 0 0 … 12 0 2 248 267 1 088 21 0 1 415 10 25 0 282 2 613 0 … 24 2 801 0 0 0 0 0 530 40 0 361 180 10 353 173 26 0 0 0 … 0 0 4 648

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Number of reported cases

Mumps

b

Pertussis

b

Plague

h

Poliomyelitis b,d

Congenital rubella syndrome b

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 5 0 0 0 11 353 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

… … … … … 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … … 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 … … 0 … 0 … 0 0 … 0 2 172 1 0 0 … 0 1 8 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0

2008 … … … … 1 453 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3 480 6 704 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Rubella b

Neonatal tetanus b

Total tetanus b

Tuberculosis i

Yellow fever b

2007 … … … 341 … 10 0 … 2 7 880 0 … 965 18 … 0 … 0 0 … … 75 141 … … 0 … 73 … 0 207 … 140 … … 4 147 191 223 4 569 1 757 5 291 1 855 … 0 0 … … 0 0 32

0 0 15 0 … 0 1 0 1 164 47 … 0 0 28 … 13 0 0 879 7 325 331 51 3 204 12 573 0 … 75 267 0 78 … 8 47 17 1 987 22 11 14 36 35 8 116 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 68

591 … … … … … … … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

65

68 136 … … 6 2 0 0 6 102 0 … 6 363 0 … … 2 0 0 227 1 10 0 10 466 0 … 16 … 0 0 4 0 0 … 22 890 6 26 35 3 2 958 30 846 14 0 0 0 … 5 0 32

10 7 14 0 19 0 0 0 0 4 0 … 0 0 4 17 49 15 0 32 … 0 0 23 163 0 … 0 586 0 0 … 0 4 121 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 … 0 0 21

10 7 36 0 117 0 0 0 1 49 0 … 2 0 32 17 259 15 0 155 … 1 4 194 163 0 … 2 743 0 2 … 10 51 1 261 19 9 0 … 0 12 15 1 0 0 0 … 0 0 27

15 344 7 608 9 578 59 3 894 8 19 1 714 86 11 531 47 … 1 856 41 11 937 18 214 42 588 5 091 3 14 355 187 81 1 453 5 773 44 016 0 38 187 88 747 5 833 2 087 1 276 17 796 86 566 2 827 1 173 116 10 927 1 610 9 425 33 103 4 053 4 18 4 … … 58 1 984

… … 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 … 0 27 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0

Table 3

Meningitis

g

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State

Number of reported cases

Cholera a

Diphtheria b

2007 Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

H5N1 influenza c,d 2008

Japanese encephalitis b

Leprosy e

2007

Malaria f

Measles b

2007

2007

3 984 … 178 2 219 … … 1 … 41 643 … 2 … 13 731 … … … … … … 1 428 …

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 …

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 … … 0 45 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 43 0

282 … 1 … 12 … … 15 414 66 … … 1 706 43 … … … … … 506 …

1 170 234 … … … … … … … 36 773 … … … 2 778 207 … … … … 37 635 … …

9 201 1 0 15 0 0 0 1 149 31 267 44 327 0 0 1 1 015 403 2 3 893 1

… 65 … … … … … … 276 1 … 32 1 609 7 … … … … 1 946 … 2 286 65

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 … 81 … 3 0 … 0 0 0 0 32 10 0 0

… … … … … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … 5 … … …

0 … … … 0 … … 0 … … … 0 0 … 0 … … … 38 … 0 …

184 173 0 30 0 … … 1 389 … 11 … … … 4 … 3 683 588 434 … 6

… 285 439 … … … 358 0 … … … … … … … … 89 … … … 223 299 … …

0 8 0 0 4 3 59 0 3 776 1 005 … 1 022 7 726 30 0 863 0 32 17 13 535 242

66

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Number of reported cases

Meningitis

g

Mumps

b

Pertussis

b

Plague

h

Poliomyelitis b,d

Congenital rubella syndrome b

Neonatal tetanus b

Total tetanus b

Tuberculosis i

Yellow fever b

2007 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… 80 0 0 780 5 22 0 … … 10 337 1 153 … … 3 013 46 … 414 1 430 9 299 284

50 3 0 0 38 21 706 35 1 347 … 556 0 57 0 0 689 … 140 46 23 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

… … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … … …

81 41 0 9 83 2 1 0 … 1 072 69 5 163 0 15 2 … 0 705 341 19

28 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 31 3 0 0 172 0 0 0 0 6 0 4 0

41 11 0 8 0 1 1 0 31 3 11 44 187 2 0 0 1 6 1 136 0

7 108 1 146 … 5 347 504 176 90 142 6 130 135 604 2 317 4 528 12 627 … 2 764 96 95 1 155 2 228 28 487 200

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0

… 377 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

0 … 0 … … 16 524 562 0 … 2 921 … 2 569 … 715 2 088 4 151 … 19 118 … 5 059 6 082 …

0 27 0 0 6 63 0 0 … 2 198 … 1 163 0 8 739 23 106 0 0 183 2 760 34 0

… … … … … … … … 257 … … … 59 7 … … … … … … 700 …

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 … 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 … 1 … 0 0 0 … 0 … … 0 1

0 7 0 0 51 644 15 0 605 5 822 … 31 … 11 0 202 … 62 3 530 165 93 242

4 18 0 0 0 5 … 0 102 0 … 0 18 0 0 0 0 1 36 48 0 5

6 18 0 0 6 19 0 0 1 007 28 … 4 18 20 3 0 0 … 116 48 1 5

1 021 1 796 14 130 941 7 527 1 378 12 21 303 11 028 56 1 639 24 520 4 864 380 6 326 41 3 392 54 457 3 537 13 378 10 583

0 3 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 … … 0 … … 0 …

67

Table 3

2008

Rubella b

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State

Number of reported cases

Cholera a

Diphtheria b

2007

H5N1 influenza c,d 2008

Japanese encephalitis b

Leprosy e

2007

Malaria f

Measles b

2007

2007

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

1 41 643 179

0 3 354 0

0 22 0

0 4 330 0

0 137 685 66

0 6 327 916 15 712

0 109 023 7

110 837 … 4 327 … … 2 286

… 103 3 675 228 170 80

… … … … … 9

… … 4 772 … … 4 715

31 037 2 854 169 528 … 4 089 5 865

… … 1 477 412 … 3 624 395 …

76 408 163 69 301 6 949 15 670 112 280

128 450 49 281 … 54 177 963

410 3 728 121 14 4 273

… … … … …

… 8 435 … … 9 487

44 994 166 395 1 860 … 213 373

… … … … …

92 211 177 525 1 689 9 345 280 771

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

68

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Number of reported cases

Meningitis

g

Mumps

b

Pertussis

b

Plague

h

Poliomyelitis b,d

Congenital rubella syndrome b

Neonatal tetanus b

Total tetanus b

Tuberculosis i

Yellow fever b

2007

263 9 831 908

0 252 701 85

0 70 729 23

1 966 257

0 873 0

0 172 0

0 74 746 5

0 2 112 0

0 7 005 4

0 592 587 1 356

0 204 0

31 344 … … … … …

… 47 958 … 71 154 … 260 916

21 197 18 019 72 981 28 798 14 213 …

… … … … … …

434 0 893 0 58 0

… 19 … 31 … …

3 993 13 182 … 67 927 12 071 85 194

1 346 63 1 373 5 951 2 348

5 157 718 8 780 205 1 220 3 790

561 149 119 780 972 441 105 288 155 559 664 722

212 53 … 0 … …

… … … … …

… … 77 669 31 890 408 270

34 566 78 268 17 540 31 468 161 842

… … … … …

503 882 0 0 1 385

… … 27 23 …

69

21 433 99 638 74 516 853 196 440

2 333 3 699 32 22 6 086

6 995 12 248 489 138 19 870

759 378 1 501 430 276 533 41 583 2 578 939

… … 13 0 …

Table 3

2008

Rubella b

Table 4

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health service coverage Health service coverage indicators reflect the extent to which people in need actually receive important health interventions. Such indicators include the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth, reproductive health services, immunization to prevent common childhood infections, vitamin A supplementation in children, and treatment for common childhood diseases and infectious diseases in adults. The data show that there have been significant improvements in the coverage of public health interventions since 1990. For example, immunization rates for measles, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type B have increased in most regions. However, there are significant variations between regions. The highest immunization rates are found in the Americas and Europe and the lowest rates in the South-East Asia Region. Coverage indicators are typically calculated by dividing the number of people receiving a defined intervention by the population eligible for or in need of the intervention. For example, the indicator on immunization coverage among 1-year-old children is calculated from the number of children having received a specific vaccine divided by the total population of children under one in each country. For indicators on antenatal care and skilled attendance at delivery, the denominator is live births. The main sources of data on coverage are household surveys and respondents’ answers to questions about service use. The principle types of surveys are the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) 30-cluster survey, the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The other source of data is administrative records of routine service provision, which provide data on the numerator. The denominator is estimated on the basis of census projections. Neither source of data is perfect: administrative records tend to overestimate coverage as a result of double counting in the numerator and uncertainty in the denominator. Household surveys are generally considered to be more reliable but are subject to respondent reporting errors as well as to margins of uncertainty due to sampling errors. In generating global estimates, it is good practice to reconcile data from multiple sources in order to maximize the accuracy of the estimate. Regional aggregates are not available for several coverage indicators, reflecting limited availability of data for several indicators and also due to the fact that some conditions – such as malaria – are not of public health significance in several countries.

71

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5

Antenatal care coverage a (%) At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

2000–2008

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

16 97 89 … 80 100 99 93 … … 77 98 … 51 100 99 … 94 84 88 77 99 97 97 … … 85 92 69 82 … 98 69 39 … 90 94 75 86 … 92 85 … 100 … … … 85 … 92

… 41 41 … … … 89 71 … … 45 … … 21 … … … … 61 … 58 … 97 88 … … 18 79 27 60 … 72 … 18 … … 83 … 75 … … 45 … … … … 95 47 … 7

MDG 5

Births by

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

caesarean

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

2000– 2008

… 89 77 … 23 100 97 93 99 100 100 99 98 q 14 100 100 p 99 79 n 64 15 n 47 99 … s 97 99 99 42 … 34 55 98 r 89 46 12 100 89 s 93 52 … 100 97 45 100 100 … 100 … 70 … …

14 100 95 … n 47 100 99 98 p 99 … n 89 99 99 n 18 100 n 100 … n 96 n 78 51 66 n 100 r 94 97 100 99 54 34 44 63 100 q 78 s 54 14 100 98 s 96 s 62 n 86 100 94 57 100 100 100 100 97 74 … s 93

section a (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus c (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles

… 24.3 … … … … … 9.0 30.8 25.8 4.7 … … 3.5 … 19.5 … … 3.6 … 14.6 … 7.7 41.3 … 23.6 0.7 … 1.8 2.0 26.3 10.7 … 0.4 30.7 40.5 26.7 … 3.2 … … 6.4 16.2 28.5 … 18.4 … 4.0 20.3 10.0

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2007

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

13 30 75 … 34 … … … … … … 71 48 70 … … … 88 48 63 23 … 59 63 40 … 55 67 11 19 … 75 69 14 … … 45 78 60 … … 36 … … … … 90 53 … 80

20 88 83 … 38 89 93 … 86 60 … 86 87 65 87 … 85 86 79 93 53 … 87 78 99 99 79 74 34 56 89 79 82 32 97 98 82 87 75 67 90 56 … 94 77 … 98 38 84 85

72

32 86 64 … 77 … … … … … … 85 77 89 … … … 85 87 85 67 … 68 92 77 … 57 51 58 54 … 60 36 39 … … 70 57 67 … … 76 … … … … 81 45 … 46

73 87 70 … 81 … … … … … … 93 66 91 … … … 85 93 86 71 … 78 93 65 … 80 78 87 81 … 77 54 60 … … 78 89 90 … … 76 … … … … 91 81 … 77

35 95 80 97 41 95 91 92 91 75 99 93 98 76 94 98 82 95 72 76 79 80 90 99 99 89 59 75 65 49 95 80 36 28 97 85 75 70 34 76 82 73 93 94 86 98 78 46 99 50

70 97 92 94 88 99 99 92 94 79 97 96 99 88 75 99 92 96 61 95 81 96 90 99 97 96 94 75 79 74 94 74 62 23 91 94 95 65 67 98 90 67 96 99 87 97 99 79 89 74

25 94 89 … 24 99 87 … 95 90 … 86 94 69 91 … 93 91 74 96 41 … 92 66 93 99 66 86 38 48 88 88 82 20 95 97 88 94 79 93 95 54 … 92 93 … 98 35 90 85

31 97 92 98 31 95 83 93 90 81 99 99 97 83 93 99 95 89 79 92 80 85 97 98 99 93 57 74 59 53 91 86 37 24 91 85 74 70 33 97 88 72 93 95 97 98 56 40 97 46

83 98 95 96 83 99 96 88 92 85 95 95 97 90 93 95 99 96 67 95 81 95 97 98 99 95 99 74 82 82 94 81 54 20 94 93 93 75 80 99 89 76 96 93 97 99 92 87 75 88

… 96 … 84 … … … 55 … 33 … … 97 … … 70 60 75 … 98 … … 85 94 99 94 … … … … … … … … … 72 74 … … 97 89 … … 98 89 … … … … …

83 98 90 91 83 97 92 85 94 85 97 93 97 90 93 91 94 96 67 95 81 94 85 95 99 95 99 74 82 82 14 79 … … 94 92 93 75 80 99 89 76 95 93 93 99 92 87 … 25

… … … 90 … … 83 … 90 72 … 90 97 … … … 86 … … … … … … 90 … … … … … … 86 … … … 91 … 61 … … … 92 … … 78 32 … … … 95 …

… … … 95 83 99 96 … 94 85 … 95 97 … 93 … 98 96 67 … 81 95 … 98 99 … 99 74 … … 94 … … … 94 … 93 … … … 88 … 96 97 90 99 … … 75 25

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

2000–2007 … 8.0 … … … … … … … … 4.3 … … 89.2 … … … 23.8 60.7 … 60.0 … … 28.3 … … 33.3 … 34.5 37.5 … … … 34.3 … … 34.5 … 65.5 … … 55.0 … … … … … 54.6 … …

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated nets f

MDG 6

With fever who received treatment with any antimalarial f

2000–2007 … … … … 18 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … 20 … … … … … … … 10 8 4 13 … … 15 … … … … 9 6 … … 6 … … … … … 1 … 1

With ARI symptoms taken to facility e

With diarrhoea receiving ORT e

2000–2007 … … … … 29 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … 54 … … … … … … … 48 30 0 58 … … 57 32 … … … 63 48 … … 36 … … … … … 52 … 10

… 45.3 52.6 … … … … 41.9 … … 32.5 … … 30.1 … 89.5 … 70.9 35.7 … 51.5 91.3 … 49.7 … … 35.9 … 45.4 40.6 … … … 6.5 … … 56.7 … 47.5 … … 35.0 … … … … … … … 42.5

… 89.1 26.6 … … … … 41.9 … … 31.3 … … 70.1 … 84.9 … 60.6 30.1 … 38.2 64.8 … 51.3 … … 26.5 … 35.8 24.2 … … … 17.7 … … 55.4 … 27.0 … … 33.0 … … … … … 44.9 … …

MDG 5 Unmet need for family planning g (%)

MDG 5 Contraceptive prevalence h (%)

2000–2006 … 1.2 24.6 … … … … 13.3 … … 11.5 … … 11.3 … … … … 27.2 … 22.7 … … … … … 28.8 29.4t 25.1 20.2 … … … 23.3 … … 5.8 … 16.2 … … … … … … … … … … 26.3

10.3 75.1 m 61.4 … 6.2 … o 65.3 53.1 … … 55.4 … … 58.1 … … … … 18.6 30.7 58.4 47.5m 44.4 … … … 13.8 19.7 40.0 26.0 … … 27.9 2.8 60.7n 90.2u 78.2 25.7 44.3 … … … … 73.3 … … 68.6 31.4 … 17.8m

73

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6

Pregnant women (PMTCT) i,j

People with advanced HIV infection j

2007

2007

… … … … 9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 40 … … … >95 … … … 18 14 … 22 … … 34 1 … … … … 5 … … 12 … … … … … 9 … 6

… … 20 … 25 … 73 12 … … 14 … … 7 … 20 … 49 49 … 22 … 79 80 … … 35 23 67 25 … … 21 13 82 19 38 … 17 … >95 28 … >95 … … 0 24 … 16

MDG 6 Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS k (%)

MDG 6 Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS l (%)

1995

2000

2007

1995

2000

2006

… … … … … … … 12 … … 5 … … 6 … … … … 84 38 39 … 70 … … … 12 20 40 … 45 … … 36 73 15 … 54 72 90 … 53 … 82 … 52 … 40 … …

18 … 127 15 … 136 31 47 23 62 6 100 17 24 … … … 85 86 41 75 71 73 7 90 24 16 … 50 33 61 … … … 79 31 88 49 90 … 120 34 … 97 … 60 13 47 … 63

64 54 98 32 102 … 76 51 49 41 46 52 79 66 173 40 58 89 … 45 71 81 57 69 90 81 18 27 61 91 62 44 … 18 105 80 81 … 56 … 120 42 46 109 42 67 64 61 69 42

… … … … … … … 83 … … … … … 71 … … … … 73 97 62 … 67 … … … 25 45 91 … … … 37 47 79 96 … 90 … 100 … 68 … 90 … 60 … 80 … 75

86 … 87 50 68 100 54 87 74 73 91 … 73 83 … … … 78 … 90 79 94 77 73 63 … 60 80 91 77 35 … 57 … 82 95 80 93 69 … 76 … … 93 … 70 91 78 … 62

84 93 91 75 18 … 63 69 85 71 60 75 86 92 100 70 73 … … 89 83 97 72 72 84 80 73 83 93 74 57 79 … 54 85 94 71 … 53 … 88 73 30 90 88 69 86 86 77 78

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation e (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5

Antenatal care coverage a (%) At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

2000–2008

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

100 99 84 74 86 86 70 … 28 … … … 94 98 94 … 92 … 100 84 82 78 81 85 92 … … 74 93 … 84 … … … 91 … 99 100 88 … … 97 35 … 96 90 79 … … …

… 95 v 57 65 79 37 41 … 12 … … … 63 … 75 … 69 … … 66 49 62 … 54 81 … … 37 81 94 … … … 68 … … 94 … 52 … … … … … 76 70 66 … … …

MDG 5

Births by

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

caesarean

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

2000– 2008

100 n 96 n 99 46 52 … 21 100 … 99 100 99 … … 96 … 44 … 100 35 31 … 93 n 21 55 99 … q 42 43 … … 100 … … 95 100 97 100 44 85 98 98 7 100 89 40 … 94 100 …

94 n 98 n 99 79 p 84 s 63 q 28 100 6 99 100 … 86 n 57 98 w 100 50 … 99 41 s 38 s 39 n 83 n 26 n 67 100 … n 47 q 73 97 89 100 … p 99 s 97 100 99 n 100 42 90 100 n 98 n 20 100 98 q 55 n 46 100 100 100

section a (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus c (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles

… 41.9 25.8 27.6 22.0 … 2.7 19.0 1.0 7.1 16.1 18.8 5.6 … 13.0 27.8 3.7 … … 11.4 1.7 … … 3.0 13.0 28.0 15.6 8.5 4.1 … … 25.4 19.1 37.4 … … 18.5 10.0 4.0 … 13.9 5.1 … 21.1 … 5.1 3.5 … 19.2 24.0

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2007

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

… 60 82 74 37 58 … … 24 5 … … 84 85 … … 35 … … 52 27 40 56 39 60 … … 81 64 71 70 … … … … … 49 … 60 … 51 … 12 … … … 33 … … …

88 96 60 86 98 88 … … 38 84 97 71 76 86 … 75 61 76 85 68 35 53 73 31 90 99 99 56 58 85 75 78 91 43 74 73 87 … 78 75 66 … 32 … 61 80 … 89 … 80

74

… 48 42 80 83 61 38 … 54 84 … … 39 92 … … 76 … … 41 66 49 82 41 93 … … 85 82 82 75 … … … 51 … 44 … 68 … 77 … 58 … … 31 51 … … …

… 85 67 85 87 62 80 … 85 94 … … 67 90 … … 88 … … 80 95 92 91 43 94 … … 86 83 83 69 … … … 54 … 87 … 74 … 83 … 47 … … 76 89 … … …

99 88 84 98 97 51 86 93 52 85 96 84 55 85 73 93 84 88 92 86 42 71 86 55 98 99 91 54 72 99 87 79 97 73 88 96 94 99 75 80 99 98 42 97 79 74 52 92 97 91

96 96 99 97 98 51 95 96 65 81 98 87 55 85 97 94 95 88 98 93 71 76 96 58 89 99 95 67 80 97 69 87 97 87 76 98 95 99 80 93 99 99 40 97 53 85 95 98 97 96

92 69 68 87 80 77 … … 49 97 90 94 78 92 … 80 58 54 80 66 17 61 83 41 84 99 99 70 60 91 83 65 93 83 86 90 92 … 84 97 71 … 18 … 82 82 … 84 … 90

99 68 89 98 99 33 88 93 56 89 99 97 38 83 80 90 84 88 97 84 45 42 88 45 95 99 98 58 75 99 78 86 96 90 86 85 91 97 75 90 98 99 53 96 86 82 55 94 94 98

96 79 99 98 96 33 97 95 73 83 99 98 38 90 98 97 94 88 99 82 75 63 94 53 86 99 97 62 75 99 62 92 96 96 85 98 98 93 81 94 99 94 50 98 74 83 88 98 95 99

… 68 38 93 99 … … … … 95 … 26 … 91 55 84 … 88 … … … … … … 95 … … … 65 99 67 … 97 94 … … 93 99 … 90 95 44 … 95 86 … … 92 99 49

93 70 99 98 96 … 97 95 73 84 … 29 38 90 94 87 94 88 99 82 83 … 94 … 86 … … 6 74 97 58 … 99 96 85 … 98 94 81 96 99 94 50 97 74 85 … 98 96 87

… … … … … … … … … 86 96 86 … 83 … 94 … 88 33 … … … … … 95 99 98 … … … … 85 94 55 … … … … … … 98 … … 79 … … … … 2 91

93 59 99 … 96 … … 95 73 83 97 87 … 90 … 94 94 88 99 82 … … 94 … 86 99 97 … … … … 92 95 95 85 … 98 … 81 … 99 … … 97 74 … … 56 95 99

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

2000–2007 … … … 11.1 … … 38.0 … 45.8 … … … … 80.1 … … 60.2 … … … 68.2 58.6 … 28.7 48.7 … … 18.2 75.1 … … … … … … … 8.5 … 33.3 … … 47.0 18.1 … … 54.6 43.0 … … …

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated nets f

MDG 6

With fever who received treatment with any antimalarial f

2000–2007 … … … … … 1 4 … 42 … … … … 49 … … 22 … … … 1 39 … … … … … … 0 … 0 … … … … … … … 6 … … … 18 … … … 3 … … …

With ARI symptoms taken to facility e

With diarrhoea receiving ORT e

2000–2007 … … … … … 49 4 … 10 … … … … 63 … … 61 … … … 44 46 … 5 1 … … 12 1 … 1 … … … … … … … 27 … … … 9 … … … … … … …

… 67.3 … 63.4 … … 43.6 … 18.7 … … … 47.7 68.9 73.6 … 33.6 … … … 42.0 4.3 64.1 31.5 53.9 … … 67.3 61.3 … … … … … 75.0 … 75.0 70.5 49.1 … … 62.1 32.3 … … 58.8 62.2 … … …

… 46.3 … 35.7 … … 55.7 … 27.5 … … … 35.4 48.2 50.1 … 37.0 … … … 36.6 46.3 51.7 43.8 55.7 … … 26.0 48.4 … … … … … 39.0 … 24.9 74.0 29.2 … … 20.4 50.5 … … 75.2 58.1 … … …

MDG 5 Unmet need for family planning g (%)

MDG 5 Contraceptive prevalence h (%)

2000–2006 … 10.9 5.0 10.3 8.9 … 27.0 … 33.8 … … 3.2t 28.0 … 16.4 … 34.0 … … … 21.2 … … 37.5 16.9 … … 12.8 8.6 … … … … … … … 11.0 … 24.5 … … … 39.5 … … 30.9 … … … …

… 69.8 72.7 59.2 67.3 … 8.0 … 14.7 … … 81.8 32.7 9.6 47.3 … 25.2 … … 43.3 9.1 7.6 34.6 32.0 65.2 … … 56.3 60.3 73.8 49.8m … … … 69.0 52.0 55.8 … 39.3 … … … 32.2 … … 37.3 … … … …

75

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6

Pregnant women (PMTCT) i,j

People with advanced HIV infection j

2007

2007

… … … … … 14 7 … 7 … … … 21 … … … 21 … … … 11 24 … 22 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 69 … … … … … … 32 7 … … …

… 38 42 9 51 31 13 … 29 … … … 42 18 … … 15 … … 37 27 20 45 41 47 22 … … 15 5 … … … … 43 … … 23 38 … … 14 >95 15 26 26 17 … 18 …

MDG 6 Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS k (%)

MDG 6 Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS l (%)

1995

2000

2007

1995

2000

2006

… … … 50 … 86 … … 15 51 … … … 74 18 … 16 … … 43 45 … … … … … … 0 1 42 … … … … … … 106 … 58 … … … … … 41 63 … … … …

… 6 … 54 56 … 43 64 31 58 … … … … 34 … 38 … … 50 55 46 11 19 106 25 … 12 20 58 51 … 7 31 100 23 70 94 53 34 65 42 40 72 65 78 32 113 2 …

61 66 46 72 65 … 35 76 28 67 0 0 66 64 113 54 36 0 … 40 53 … 39 49 87 51 0 68 68 68 37 0 61 0 83 77 81 69 72 66 90 60 78 89 62 16 … 162 90 0

… … … … … 89 … … 61 86 … … … 76 58 … 54 … … 61 78 … … … … … … 79 91 … … … … 80 67 … … … 75 … … … 70 61 … 47 79 … … …

… 79 … 87 79 … 76 70 80 85 … … … … 63 77 50 … … 86 68 … 91 73 89 64 … 84 87 85 92 … 78 74 45 70 90 79 80 91 69 82 77 72 92 … 80 … 92 …

50 78 74 87 91 … 90 68 84 66 … … 46 58 75 … 76 … … 47 75 … 68 82 86 46 … 86 91 83 84 … 74 … 41 53 71 72 85 90 78 82 92 73 90 66 … 77 74 …

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation e (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5

Antenatal care coverage a (%) At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

2000–2008

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

80 92 79 100 70 … … 75 … … … … 99 97 68 85 76 95 … 44 … … 90 46 58 … … 100 61 … … … 94 91 88 … … … … 98 94 … 96 100 99 95 … … 97 …

40 57 … 91 35 … … 16 … … … … … … 31 53 y 66 70 … 29 … … 78 15 47 … … 83 28 … … … 79 87 70 … … … … 89 76 … 13 … … … … … … …

MDG 5

Births by

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

caesarean

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

2000– 2008

47 50 81 … r 40 … 95 40 99 74 93 … 99 … 40 q 44 46 68 … q 9 100 p 93 61 18 n 42 100 … 91 q 19 100 86 47 61 56 56 100 100 99 100 p 99 p 99 99 26 100 100 100 100 … … 91

s

51 54 100 84 r 49 w 100 95 n 61 p 99 94 88 … 99 s 99 63 q 48 57 81 97 19 100 p 94 74 18 n 35 100 … 98 n 39 100 91 p 39 77 n 73 60 100 100 100 100 n 100 99 100 q 52 100 98 100 100 … 81 96

section a (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus c (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles

1.0 3.1 … … 1.6 34.3 … 3.2 37.0 36.1 … … … 11.4 5.4 1.9 … 12.7 … 2.7 13.7 23.5 19.6 1.0 1.7 … 16.6 … 7.3 … … 4.7 26.9 15.8 7.3 … 34.0 … 37.7 8.5 21.4 17.2 2.9 … … … … … … 11.6

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2007

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

45 81 82 86 45 … … 24 61 59 … … … … 66 37 62 23 … 35 … … 39 17 61 … … 93 50 … … 78 66 19 57 … … … … … … … 85 … … … 38 … … …

47 81 70 96 43 80 52 38 76 75 81 99 92 … 79 59 68 … … 57 94 90 82 25 54 99 87 98 50 98 73 67 69 64 85 95 85 79 93 … 92 … 83 99 82 96 89 … 71 88

76

58 84 88 95 50 … … 44 79 81 … … … … 86 75 86 74 … 64 … … 91 57 51 … … 94 71 … … 24 47 65 72 … … … … … … … 81 … … … … … … …

72 86 89 94 89 … … 60 86 87 … … … … 85 82 91 82 … 83 … … 94 72 53 … … 95 81 … … 60 81 82 65 … … … … … … … 82 … … … 5 … … …

56 73 88 99 49 74 94 62 84 96 85 99 92 … 93 71 84 69 8 71 96 85 86 34 35 99 88 99 56 83 97 62 92 97 80 97 87 91 95 87 98 97 74 99 88 96 93 74 69 94

81 83 90 97 68 79 94 67 98 96 92 99 98 90 95 77 81 69 99 81 96 79 99 47 62 99 92 97 80 91 89 58 80 99 92 98 95 92 92 96 97 99 99 99 94 99 63 92 86 96

46 87 90 94 42 63 92 33 85 53 85 99 84 … 81 46 88 … 74 43 97 90 66 22 56 99 86 98 54 99 86 68 67 72 88 96 89 82 74 … 96 … 84 99 89 98 90 99 92 92

57 75 95 97 40 94 39 40 88 97 85 99 95 … 95 68 82 79 44 72 97 90 83 31 24 99 90 99 61 96 98 59 68 91 79 98 96 80 97 91 99 97 90 99 70 99 99 96 82 95

82 87 96 98 68 74 93 75 97 98 79 99 95 92 95 72 86 86 99 82 96 88 87 39 54 99 93 99 83 94 88 60 66 80 87 99 97 94 91 92 97 98 97 99 99 99 71 92 97 96

… … 94 90 … … 36 … 88 97 87 99 93 … 43 … … … 58 … … 90 83 … … 99 … 99 … 96 … 57 … … 19 99 58 89 93 88 98 … … 99 … … 96 94 … 93

82 87 87 98 68 82 93 74 97 98 90 99 98 90 95 72 85 … 99 82 … 88 87 … 41 99 … 99 83 91 88 59 66 80 88 98 97 94 91 95 99 98 97 99 99 99 69 92 99 96

… … … … … 93 45 … … 97 75 99 … … … … … … … … 96 90 83 … … 99 93 … … 96 … … … 38 … … 86 80 … … … … … 12 … … … 92 … 96

… 87 89 … 44 72 83 … 96 98 79 99 78 89 90 … … … … … 96 78 87 … … 99 95 99 … 95 88 … 66 80 … 88 97 94 … … … … 96 99 99 99 … 92 … 96

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

2000–2007 76.2 65.4 … … 72.0 … … … … … … … 64.7 … 25.5 49.8 … 51.5 … 87.5 … … 65.3 69.6 33.7 … … … 60.2 … … … … … 76.0 … … … … … … … 84.1 … … … … … … …

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated nets f

MDG 6

With fever who received treatment with any antimalarial f

2000–2007 … 23 … … 27 … … 2 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13 … … … … … 42 …

34 24 … … 32 … … 33 … … … … … … … 15 … 14 … … … … 2 33 34 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 12 … … … … … 25 …

With ARI symptoms taken to facility e

With diarrhoea receiving ORT e

2000–2007 47.9 42.7 36.5 61.1 … … … … 38.1 24.3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 62.6 62.8 89.4 98.1 37.8 28.0 55.4 54.1 … … 71.5 69.3 … … 34.3 29.3 … … … … 57.7 54.1 47.2 26.2 32.8 29.4 … … … … … … 80.5 47.2 … … … … … … … … 66.8 36.6 54.8 57.6 … … … … … … … … 59.7 34.9 … … … … 27.9 18.6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

MDG 5 Unmet need for family planning g (%)

MDG 5 Contraceptive prevalence h (%)

2000–2006 23.6 27.1 27.6 41.7m … … x 37.0 39.0 28.5 8.1 … … … … 31.6 8.0 3.3 75.9 … 70.9 … … … … 4.6 69.0 … … 10.0 63.0 18.4 16.5 19.1 37.0 25.1 43.7 … … 24.6 48.0 … … … … 14.6 68.6 15.8 11.2 16.9 12.6 … … … … … … … 27.6 … … … … … … 6.6 72.8 8.1 71.3 17.3 48.9 … … … 67.1z … … … … 6.7 67.8 11.9 70.0 … … 37.9 17.4 … … … … … … … … … … … 29.3 … …

77

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) Pregnant women (PMTCT) i,j 2007 … 32 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 46 … 64 … … … … … … 7 … … … … … … 4 … … … … … … … … … … 60 … … … … … … …

MDG 6

People with advanced HIV infection j

2007 4 35 35 … 41 … … 23 22 57 … … … … 31 24 15 88 … 7 … … 30 10 26 … … … 3 … 56 38 22 48 31 36 … … … 58 73 16 71 … … … … … … …

MDG 6 Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS k (%)

1995 52 42 64 107 17 … … … 86 … 12 … 8 … 91 59 … 22 … … 77 … 72 … 11 … … … 1 90 … … 14 102 0 … 79 33 30 … … … 34 … … … 73 … … …

2000 … 44 73 75 17 41 19 … 88 64 24 … 61 … 89 47 50 82 90 57 46 40 78 41 12 … 28 123 3 … 32 7 4 88 44 4 92 29 … … 10 5 32 0 56 55 70 113 … 36

2007 69 41 80 92 23 74 33 39 69 99 97 … 76 0 93 49 116 84 90 66 11 60 97 53 23 … 33 125 67 90 98 15 58 93 75 66 87 44 14 67 85 49 25 155 139 … … … … 39

MDG 6 Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS l (%)

1995 55 71 69 97 59 100 … … … … 80 … … … 90 39 66 … … … 72 … 80 … 49 … 77 84 70 67 … … 51 83 … … 69 81 76 … … 65 … … … … 80 … … …

2000 70 73 78 97 … 100 91 … 93 76 93 … 87 … 89 75 82 56 25 86 76 30 82 65 79 … 70 93 74 … 67 63 77 90 88 72 79 66 … 83 80 68 61 … 100 100 92 0 … 73

2006 78 78 48 91 76 100 75 41 92 80 90 … 88 … 87 83 84 76 100 88 … 70 89 77 76 … 93 86 88 60 79 73 83 78 88 75 87 69 81 62 83 58 86 100 80 … … … … 69

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation e (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5

Antenatal care coverage a (%)

MDG 5

Births by

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus c (%)

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

caesarean

2000–2008

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

2000– 2008

1990 2000 2007

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

87 98 … 87 … … … … 26 92 … 99 64 90 85 … … 84 77 98 94

40 … … 68 … … … … 6 56 … … … … 79 … … 42 … 74 …

47 … … … 100 100 100 85 s 34 84 … … 85 80 … … … 76 81 85 94

52 s 99 … q 42 p 100 100 100 p 43 r 33 91 … 99 r 49 n 90 s 74 … w 100 n 93 n 83 n 97 n 98

s

3.3 14.7 … … … 20.0 16.3 … … 20.6 25.0 … 4.5 … 7.9 16.5 28.9 14.8 2.1 aa 17.4 11.4

45 … … 85 … … … 71 23 … … 72 72 92 63 … … 63 … 75 …

65 … … 57 … … … 75 48 68 … 92 61 92 91 … … 90 … 85 …

86 … … 94 … … … 84 68 72 … 91 72 93 86 … … 92 … 89 …

51 83 86 … 84 … … 70 30 79 99 80 57 65 85 96 90 87 … 80 …

48 89 97 37 96 98 95 87 38 77 94 99 58 70 72 91 81 96 87 94 97

84 95 99 67 95 99 96 78 34 83 97 98 79 85 91 96 86 98 85 96 96

51 84 99 … 85 … … 77 19 72 86 86 62 83 89 99 90 91 … 92 …

52 95 98 44 98 99 91 82 33 79 95 99 62 71 77 99 88 97 83 97 95

94 94 99 64 96 99 97 79 39 97 96 98 84 84 95 99 93 99 86 98 95

… … 97 … 97 99 … 77 … 88 77 … … … 76 … … 90 … 95 …

94 99 99 64 95 99 … 79 … 97 96 98 78 84 95 4 … 98 84 96 96

… … … … … 59 … … … 88 92 … … … … 98 86 … … … …

94 89 … 64 … 99 98 … … 97 96 … … 84 … 99 92 99 … … …

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

61 84 … 96 92 81 99 … 94 99 … … 78 … 97 99 … 94 91 47 94 94

30 … … … 68 54 83 … 47 ac 75 … … 62 … … … … … 29 14 72 71

… 51 … 99 81 81 … 99 38 100 99 99 n 39 98 99 98 89 95 77 22 47 69

19 s 62 99 98 90 83 100 100 42 99 100 … n 46 99 99 n 100 93 95 n 88 36 q 47 69

… … … … 20.5 21.2 3.4 … 3.1 10.4 15.2 22.0 3.2 30.2 23.8 4.9 … 25.1 9.9 … 2.1 4.8

39 47 … … 40 20 … … 41 … … … 77 … … … 47 … 24 17 62 57

55 63 … … 86 50 … … 70 … … … 84 … … … 86 … 86 54 78 76

59 82 … … 86 69 … … 85 … … … 88 … … … 88 51 86 52 89 78

… 73 86 70 93 78 … 95 52 … 80 87 80 90 97 … 66 61 88 69 90 87

… 58 95 90 95 86 97 81 59 99 94 88 78 91 89 99 94 84 97 71 85 75

63 80 99 91 98 96 99 95 68 98 92 86 90 93 96 99 65 55 83 74 85 66

… 77 94 82 93 84 … 99 45 … 85 84 78 90 97 … 76 63 88 84 91 88

… 64 95 90 97 85 97 82 56 99 94 92 79 94 90 96 90 77 96 76 78 76

70 88 99 88 98 96 98 97 64 98 92 92 83 96 94 96 76 71 92 87 80 62

… … 97 … 94 71 … 81 … 4 92 … … 90 92 5 75 5 … 15 … 76

… … 99 89 98 96 98 97 68 96 92 … 83 92 94 98 76 71 67 87 80 62

… … … 74 … … … … … … 92 92 … 93 88 … … 2 … … … …

… … 99 88 … 76 … … 68 11 92 92 … 94 94 … … 71 … 87 80 …

At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

section a (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles

78

HepB3

Hib3

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

2000–2007 75.3 … … 49.0 … … … … 24.0 39.4 … … … … 80.5 … … 2.9 46.6 … … … 39.3 … … … … 15.8 … … … … … 45.5 … … 72.0 … … 53.1 … 67.4 47.1

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated nets f

MDG 6

With fever who received treatment with any antimalarial f

With ARI symptoms taken to facility e

With diarrhoea receiving ORT e

MDG 5 Unmet need for family planning g (%)

MDG 5 Contraceptive prevalence h (%)

2000–2007 16 … … 5 … … … … 9 … … … 28 3 0 … … … 1 … …

22 … … 52 … … … … 8 … … … 50 … 26 … … … 2 … …

2000–2007 47.2 26.7 92.5 94.0 … … 48.0 60.0 … … … … … … … … 13.0 21.0 64.8 63.0 … … … … … … … … 71.6 88.8 … … … … 76.8 67.7 63.9 58.4 84.0 68.3 … …

2000–2006 31.6 11.8 … 41.2 … … … 5.3m … … … … … … … … … … … 60.3m … … 8.0 70.0 … 7.6 … 42.1 … 46.0 … … … … 30.6 58.3m … 37.9m … 71.5 … 13.5

8 38 … … … … … … 10 … … … 16 … … … … … 5 … 23 3

47 48 … … … … … … 61 … … … 58 … … … … … 3 … 58 5

… 22.7 … … 67.8 41.0 50.9 … 73.5 … … … 59.4 … … 67.7 … … 82.7 … 69.1 26.3

3.8 … … … 12.1 6.0 10.1 … 40.6 … … … 21.8 … … … … … 4.8 50.9 27.4 12.8

… 21.0 … … 74.4 … 46.7 … … … … … 62.2 … … 78.8 … … 94.7 87.0 53.2 61.6

10.0 25.7 … 38.2ab 62.6 71.0 61.8 … 23.7 … … 82ad 26.4 72.8 77.0 64.9 … … 78.5 23.1 34.2 60.2

79

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) Pregnant women (PMTCT) i,j

MDG 6

People with advanced HIV infection j

2007 … … … 21 … … … … … 57 … … <1 … 67 … … … … … …

2007 56 17 … 20 … … … … … 28 … 14 1 45 42 … … … 6 61 …

… 9 … … … … … … 34 … … … 32 … … … … … … … 47 29

… 19 … … 29 … … … 33 8 … … 31 … 56 24 … … 26 … 46 17

MDG 6 Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS k (%)

MDG 6 Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS l (%)

1995 62 … … 29 62 80 … … … … … 62 … … … … … … … … …

2000 53 … 83 33 16 37 71 32 48 63 … 67 32 … … … … 84 … 48 …

2007 48 80 … 37 96 44 77 50 64 78 0 85 31 … 55 0 0 80 30 72 74

1995 44 … 89 69 86 64 90 65 86 … … 79 … … … … … … … … …

2000 52 … 82 77 85 82 84 81 83 66 … 77 79 … … … … 79 … 69 86

2006 76 84 … 87 84 81 92 90 89 74 … 87 82 … 43 63 … 86 84 77 87

… 13 67 … … … … … … … … … 61 85 76 … … 73 30 1 … …

… 12 123 … 101 … 17 … 51 … 27 … 52 84 79 4 31 78 82 55 … 45

61 15 129 … 78 76 84 152 51 55 18 0 51 87 95 45 52 68 82 46 58 27

… 60 75 … … … … … … … … … 73 76 68 … … 74 91 66 … …

… … 93 … 91 … 69 … 63 … 74 … 78 83 85 80 88 76 92 75 … 69

79 67 100 … 91 91 84 75 70 59 79 … 85 64 87 81 90 82 92 83 85 60

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation e (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5

Antenatal care coverage a (%) At least 1 visit

At least 4 visits

2000–2008

MDG 5

Births by

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

caesarean

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

2000– 2008

section a (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus c (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 1990 2000 2007

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

16 100 91

6 97 62

7 100 93

6 100 95

0.4 41.9 13.7

5 93 57

24 95 70

5 95 83

20 99 80

8 99 87

23 99 92

17 99 86

24 99 90

20 99 94

4 99 90

4 99 92

2 99 90

11 99 94

73 94 74 … 61 89

45 83 42 … 45 …

48 87 40 95 42 85

46 92 48 96 59 92

3.3 31.3 7.5 19.0 11.9 34.1

48 52 76 21 56 42

61 73 85 51 69 75

31 42 59 10 39 28

57 80 59 83 67 93

56 92 61 91 73 86

74 93 73 94 84 92

57 74 70 80 71 94

54 91 65 93 75 85

74 93 69 96 87 92

5 69 10 42 40 59

69 88 30 78 85 85

4 74 … 38 5 1

34 91 … 57 20 3

66 82 93 … 77

38 51 76 … 48

39 62 90 98 61

41 70 95 99 65

3.5 18.9 29.9 26.8 15.9

49 72 46 83 61

65 81 74 86 74

78 83 83 84 81

58 75 80 84 72

61 71 93 91 72

75 81 94 93 82

59 81 73 88 75

60 73 92 93 73

77 78 96 95 81

2 36 70 59 32

72 55 94 67 65

… 2 54 75 14

21 7 77 81 26

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

80

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

2000–2007

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated nets f

MDG 6

With fever who received treatment with any antimalarial f

2000–2007

With ARI symptoms taken to facility e

With diarrhoea receiving ORT e

2000–2007

MDG 5 Unmet need for family planning g (%)

MDG 5 Contraceptive prevalence h (%)

2000–2006

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6

Pregnant women (PMTCT) i,j

People with advanced HIV infection j

2007

2007

MDG 6 Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS k (%)

MDG 6 Tuberculosis treatment success under DOTS l (%)

1995

2000

2007

1995

2000

2006

2.9 89.2 48.9

0 56 9

0 63 31

4.3 92.5 53.3

17.7 98.1 47.2

1.2 50.9 17.9

2.8 90.2 44.4

<1 >95 21

0 >95 26

0 107 48

0 136 48

0 173 64

25 100 74

0 100 79

18 100 80

47.9 … 34.7 … 38.9 …

14 … … … … …

36 … 10 … … …

36.9 … 62.3 … 63.2 …

35.7 … 34.7 … 47.3 …

24.4 … 12.4 … … …

24.4 70.0 57.2 … 43.0 85.5

34 36 24 71 1 13

30 62 25 17 5 28

23 26 1 3 12 15

36 43 18 12 25 37

47 73 69 51 60 77

62 78 74 69 87 91

72 81 83 77 83 92

75 75 87 70 86 92

55.6 29.2 … … 40.7

13 … … … …

32 13 … … …

41.7 64.6 … … 54.0

44.9 33.9 … … 39.4

20.4 12.4 … … …

35.2 71.0 … 69.7 63.3

81

24 30 52 … 33

27 36 37 … 31

17 9 6 20 11

31 25 35 23 28

50 72 72 36 63

68 90 71 75 79

79 87 70 75 82

84 87 72 66 85

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation e (%)

Table 5

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Risk factors Certain risk factors are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The most common preventable risks are: poor infant feeding practices, low birth weight, being overweight or obese, childhood and maternal under-nutrition, unsafe sex, use of tobacco, harmful use of alcohol, unsafe water and lack of sanitation. Collectively, these preventable risks contribute to over 40% of the 58 million deaths that occur worldwide annually and one third of global loss of healthy life years. Exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months of age has increased in recent years and the rate in developing countries is almost 40%. Low birth weight is an important predictor of health and survival of the newborn and reflects maternal malnutrition, ill-health and overwork and inadequate health care in pregnancy. The countries with the highest incidence of low-birth-weight infants are located in Africa or South-East Asia, where at least 22% of infants are affected. A high proportion of infants are not weighed at birth, and estimates rely on mothers’ subjective assessments. Child growth is the most widely used indicator of nutritional status. Fewer data are available on levels of obesity in children, but in some countries in the European Region as many as 20% of children are overweight. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking is an important predictor of the future burden of tobacco-related diseases. In 36 countries, over 25% of youths smoke. Harmful use of alcohol can cause chronic alcohol dependence, hepatic cirrhosis, cancer and acute injuries. Of the 20 countries with the highest alcohol consumption per capita, 18 are European. Factors that influence the reliability of this indicator include: unmeasured informal production, tourist consumption, stockpiling, waste and spillage, smuggling, duty-free sales and variations in beverage strength. Unsafe water supplies and inadequate sanitation and hygiene increase the transmission of diarrhoeal diseases, schistosomiasis, trachoma, hepatitis and cholera. Although more people have access to safe water and improved sanitation globally compared with those in 2000, rapid population growth has hampered improvements in many countries. Close to a billion people are still without access to improved water supplies, half of whom live in the African and Western Pacific Regions. Over 2 billion people are without improved sanitation. Data on risk factors and health-related behaviours are generally drawn from household surveys. Where data are not available, statistical techniques may be used to develop estimates.

83

5. Risk factors Member State

Urban

1990 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo

MDG 7 Access to improved sanitation a (%)

MDG 7 Access to improved drinking-water sources a (%)

… 100 99 100 37 95 97 99 100 100 82 98 100 88 100 100 100 100 73 … 91 99 100 93 … 100 62 97 … 76 100 … 78 … 99 97 98 98 … 99 … 71 100 95 100 100 100 90

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 37 100 93 100 49 95 98 99 100 100 93 98 100 86 100 100 100 100 76 98 94 99 100 96 … 100 83 89 60 84 100 86 85 46 98 97 98 93 95 99 99 87 100 95 100 100 100 85

37 97 87 100 62 95 98 99 100 100 95 98 100 85 100 100 100 100 78 98 96 100 100 97 … 100 97 84 80 88 100 … 90 71 98 98 99 91 95 98 99 98 100 95 100 100 100 82

… … 88 100 40 … 72 … 100 100 51 … … 76 100 100 … … 57 … 49 96 88 54 … 97 29 68 … 31 99 … 47 16 49 55 68 91 … 87 88 65 98 … 100 100 … 25

17 94 84 100 39 89 78 83 100 100 58 86 … 77 100 100 … 82 57 79 62 96 90 57 … 97 51 69 33 41 99 73 49 30 65 71 73 85 35 87 95 66 98 78 100 100 100 28

17 97 81 100 39 … 80 96 100 100 59 … … 78 100 99 … … 57 79 69 98 90 58 … 97 66 70 61 47 99 … 51 40 72 81 77 81 35 88 96 66 98 78 100 100 100 29 84

… … 94 100 39 … 94 … 100 100 68 … … 78 100 100 … … 63 … 72 97 93 83 … 99 34 70 … 49 100 … 58 … 91 67 89 93 … 94 … 67 99 … 100 100 … 43

21 97 89 100 44 91 96 93 100 100 76 97 … 79 100 100 … 91 64 81 82 97 95 89 … 99 56 71 38 63 100 80 63 34 93 80 91 88 70 95 97 75 99 91 100 100 100 45

22 97 85 100 51 … 96 98 100 100 78 … … 80 100 100 … … 65 81 86 99 96 91 … 99 72 71 65 70 100 … 66 48 95 88 93 85 71 95 98 81 99 91 100 100 100 46

… 97 99 100 55 98 86 94 100 100 … 100 100 56 99 … … … 32 … 47 99 60 82 … 100 23 41 … 47 100 … 21 19 91 61 81 34 … 100 96 39 99 99 100 100 … 53

43 97 99 100 67 98 91 95 100 100 90 100 100 51 99 91 … 71 51 71 52 99 60 83 … 100 33 43 51 54 100 61 32 21 95 69 83 42 19 100 96 38 99 99 100 100 58 45

45 98 98 100 79 98 92 96 100 100 90 100 100 48 99 91 … … 59 71 54 99 60 84 … 100 41 44 62 58 100 … 40 23 97 74 85 49 19 100 96 38 99 99 100 100 … 42

… … 77 100 9 … 45 … 100 100 … 100 … 18 100 … … … 2 … 15 … 22 37 … 96 2 44 … 34 99 … 5 1 48 43 39 12 … 91 92 8 98 95 100 98 … 1

27 83 82 100 13 94 74 79 100 100 70 100 … 26 100 96 … 25 8 50 19 93 28 37 … 96 4 42 9 39 99 19 16 3 67 53 51 22 21 99 95 10 98 95 100 98 60 17

25 97 87 100 16 … 83 81 100 100 70 100 … 32 100 97 … … 11 50 22 92 30 37 … 96 6 41 19 42 99 … 25 4 74 59 58 26 21 100 95 12 98 95 100 98 … 25

… … 88 100 26 … 81 … 100 100 … 100 … 26 100 … … … 12 … 33 … 38 71 … 99 5 44 … 39 100 … 11 5 84 48 68 18 … 96 94 20 99 98 100 100 … 15

30 89 92 100 40 95 89 89 100 100 80 100 … 32 100 92 … 47 24 52 39 96 45 74 … 99 9 42 16 47 100 41 22 7 91 59 74 29 20 100 96 22 99 98 100 99 59 25

30 97 94 100 50 … 91 91 100 100 80 100 … 36 99 93 … … 30 52 43 95 47 77 … 99 13 41 28 51 100 … 31 9 94 65 78 35 20 100 96 24 99 98 100 99 … 31

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Children aged <5 years d (%)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life c (%) Stunted for age

MDG1 Underweight for age

Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese e (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥ 15 years f

(litres per person per year)

Overweight for age Male Female

2000– 2006

… 7 6 … 12 5 7 8 7 7 12 … … 22 13 4 … … 16 … 7 5 10 8 … 10 16 11 11 11 6 … 13 22 6 2 9 25 13 3 7 17 6 5 … 7 7 12

2000– 2008

… 2.3 6.9 … 11.1 … … 32.5 … 10.0 11.8 … … 37.4 … 9.0 … 10.2 43.1 … 53.6 17.6 … 39.8 … … 18.8 44.7 60.0 21.2 17.0 59.6 23.1 2.1 58.1 … 46.8 21.3 19.1 … … 4.3 … 26.4 … … 65.1 36.1

1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1999 2007 1999 2007 1999 2007 … … 22.5 … 61.7 … … 15.1 … … … … … 62.4 … … … … … 47.7 33.1 … … 13.5 … … 45.5 … 58.6 36.7 … … 40.2 45.0 … … 19.7 41.4 … … … 31.5 … … … … … …

59.3 27.0 21.6 … 50.8 … 8.2 18.2 … … 24.1 … … 47.0 … 4.5 … 22.2 44.7 … 32.5 11.8 29.1 7.1 … 8.8 43.1 63.1 43.7 35.4 … … 44.6 44.8 2.1 21.8 16.2 46.9 … … … 40.1 … … … 2.6 44.7 45.8

… … 11.3 … 37.0 … … 2.7 … … … … … 52.0 … … … … … 14.1 5.9 … … 4.5 … … 33.7 … 42.6 17.8 … … 23.3 34.3 … … 6.3 22.3 … … … 18.2 … … … … … …

32.9 6.6 10.2 … 27.5 … 2.3 4.2 … … 14.0 … … 39.8 … 1.3 … 4.9 20.2 … 5.9 1.6 10.7 2.2 … 1.6 35.2 38.9 28.4 15.1 … … 21.8 33.9 0.6 6.8 5.1 25.0 … … … 16.7 … … … 2.1 17.8 28.2

… … 13.2 … 1.6 … … 10.8 … … … … … 0.5 … … … … … 3.9 10.7 … … 6.6 … … 1.9 … 6.5 8.2 … … 4.2 2.7 … … 4.5 5.9 … … … 4.6 … … … … … …

4.6 25.2 15.4 … 5.3 … 9.9 11.7 … … 6.2 … … 0.7 … 9.7 … 13.7 11.4 … 9.2 25.6 10.4 7.3 … 13.6 5.4 1.4 1.7 8.7 … … 10.8 4.4 9.8 9.2 4.2 21.5 … … … 9.0 … … … 4.4 0.9 6.8

2000–2007 … … … … … … … … l,n,o 20.6 … m 4.9 … … … … … o,q 11.9 … … … … l,r 16.5 … l,q 8.9 … o,q 11.3 … … … … l,q 22.9 … … … l,q 19.0 l,q 2.4 l,r 8.8 … … l,r 57.4 … … l,q 21.6 l,q 8.0 q 12.9 l,o,q 13.7 … …

2003

… … … … … … l,m 19.4 m 15.5 l,n,o 25.5 … m 17.9 … … m 0.7 … … o,q 13.4 … m 5.8 … m 15.1 l,r 25.2 … l,q 13.1 … o,q 23.1 m, o 2.4 … m 1.2 m 8.2 l,q 23.2 … … m 1.5 l,q 25.0 l,q 3.4 l,r 16.6 … m 7.5 l,r 65.7 … … l,q 22.7 l,q 11.8 q 11.8 l,o,q 16.3 … m 2.4 85

0.01 2.01 0.15 … 3.86 5.73 8.40 1.48 9.02 11.08 4.54 … 6.98 0.00 … 5.53 10.63 6.25 1.29 0.23 3.23 9.05 4.29 5.76 0.12 5.86 5.01 9.10 1.48 3.77 7.80 4.78 1.53 0.31 6.60 5.20 5.68 0.31 2.60 3.73 5.65 1.77 12.25 2.26 11.52 12.99 3.26 1.86

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults (15–49 years) at higher-risk sex i (%)

Adults g (≥ 15 years)

Adolescents h (13–15 years)

Both Male Female sexes

Both Male Female sexes

2005 … … 40.5 4.0 29.9 0.3 36.5 29.2 … … … … 34.6 25.4 55.1 3.7 p p 27.7 21.8 46.4 40.1 … 0.9 … … 26.1 2.9 47.0 3.8 p p 18.4 3.0 63.7 21.1 30.1 24.1 … … … … … … 34.1 29.2 49.3 35.1 … … … … … … 47.5 27.8 22.0 11.2 … … 40.5 6.5 12.6 2.2 p p 24.3 18.9 … … … … 16.0 2.6 p p 42.1 33.6 59.5 3.7 … … 27.7 13.5 12.1 1.0 36.1 20.0 26.1 7.3 15.4 2.4 38.9 29.1 43.4 28.3 … … 36.6 25.4 58.6 … 13.5 2.6

2000–2008 … 22.4 15.2 32.9 … … 30.0 29.6 p 24.8 43.3 … … 14.6 25.6 p 10.8 42.6 27.1 … … … 31.7 42.3 … … … 37.7 16.6 … 23.6 7.4 p 21.6 … … 9.4 p 37.9 31.8 … 20.7 6.6 28.1 16.8 9.0 34.0 35.9 … 31.0 … 8.1

k

13.1 17.3 k 25.5 … … … 26.1 13.0 … … … 12.9 28.0 9.1 34.5 31.6 … 21.8 k 14.6 28.6 k 24.7 16.3 27.0 k 17.2 … 26.4 k 19.9 20.7 4.3 k 14.0 … 14.7 k 29.5 … k 29.8 k 7.1 k 27.0 21.8 26.1 39.9 13.1 k 21.7 k 23.3 10.9 13.2 35.8 … k 36.5

k

3.2 9.4 k 5.7 … … … 29.7 2.7 … … … 10.2 11.7 5.1 23.2 22.2 … 15.3 k 5.8 12.4 k 16.6 10.5 20.5 k 15.7 … 31.8 k 6.7 16.8 2.3 k 8.2 … 11.7 k 34.5 … k 39.8 k 4.1 k 27.8 14.8 21.9 49.6 15.9 k 10.3 k 25.6 9.5 8.4 34.1 … k 29.3

Male Female Male Female 2000–2007

k

9.8 13.0 k 13.8 … … … 28.0 7.3 … … … 11.9 19.9 6.9 28.6 26.9 … 18.3 k 11.0 20.2 k 20.8 13.3 23.6 k 17.2 … 29.3 k 13.6 19.3 3.2 k 10.9 … 13.4 k 32.4 … k 35.1 k 5.5 k 27.6 18.1 23.8 45.1 14.6 k 16.5 k 24.9 10.3 10.9 35.0 … k 33.6

MDG 6 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS j (%)

… … … … … … … 58 … … 26 … … … … … … … 17 … … … … … … … 43 … 41 38 … 69 … 20 … … … … 30 … … 38 … … … … … 16

… … … … … … … … … … <1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 44 … … 35 … 57 … 7 … … 31 … 23 … … 41 … … … … … 8

2000–2007 … … … … … … … 15 … … 5 … … … … … … … 35 … 18 … … … … … 23 … 45 34 … 36 27 19 … … … … 35 … … 28 … … … … … 21

… 6 13 … … … … 23 … … 6 … … 16 … 34 … … 16 … 15 48 … … … … 15 30 50 27 … 36 17 7 … … … 18 26 … … 18 … 30 … … … 15

Table 5

Lowbirthweight newborns b (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

Urban

1990 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho

MDG 7 Access to improved sanitation a (%)

MDG 7 Access to improved drinking-water sources a (%)

100 79 100 98 82 97 90 45 62 100 74 43 100 100 95 … 91 100 86 99 97 89 72 … … 62 91 98 100 90 92 99 99 100 100 100 98 100 99 99 90 76 … 97 … 100 100 …

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 100 88 100 97 92 99 92 45 70 100 87 43 100 100 95 95 95 100 88 100 97 96 84 79 97 67 94 100 100 94 90 99 94 100 100 100 98 100 99 99 87 77 … 98 76 100 100 93

100 98 100 97 98 99 94 45 74 100 96 43 100 100 95 91 100 100 90 100 97 99 91 82 98 70 95 100 100 96 89 99 88 100 100 100 97 100 99 99 85 77 … 99 86 100 100 93

100 68 … 66 61 92 48 42 39 99 4 51 100 … … … 58 100 39 91 … 72 35 … … 48 60 91 100 65 63 84 46 … 100 … 86 100 91 91 30 33 … … … 96 100 …

100 61 90 84 81 95 60 42 50 99 19 51 100 100 47 77 78 100 59 97 93 86 50 49 86 50 69 98 100 77 68 84 51 … 100 … 87 100 91 91 42 50 … 73 39 96 100 74

100 54 … 91 91 98 68 42 57 99 31 51 100 100 47 81 97 100 71 99 … 94 59 47 91 51 74 100 100 86 71 … 56 … 100 … 88 100 91 91 49 53 … 83 53 96 100 74 86

100 76 … 84 73 94 69 43 43 100 13 48 100 … … … 76 100 56 96 … 79 45 … … 52 72 96 100 71 72 92 83 … 100 … 92 100 97 96 41 48 … … … 99 100 …

100 83 97 92 88 97 79 43 54 100 29 47 100 100 85 86 87 100 72 99 94 91 61 58 89 56 80 99 100 82 77 94 80 … 100 … 93 100 97 96 51 62 … 82 46 99 100 77

100 92 … 95 95 98 84 43 60 100 42 47 100 100 87 86 99 100 80 100 … 96 70 57 93 58 84 100 100 89 80 … 77 … 100 … 93 100 98 96 57 65 … 89 60 99 100 78

100 … … 77 88 68 88 60 20 96 19 87 100 … … … 96 100 11 100 96 87 19 … … 49 68 100 100 44 73 86 75 … 100 … 82 100 … 97 18 26 … … … … 100 …

100 76 86 79 90 79 89 60 16 96 24 87 100 … 37 49 95 100 14 99 96 89 28 48 86 38 74 100 100 49 69 86 77 … 100 … 82 100 93 97 19 43 … 93 57 82 100 43

100 76 … 81 91 85 90 60 14 96 27 87 100 … 37 50 94 100 15 99 96 90 33 48 85 29 78 100 100 52 67 … 80 … 100 … 82 100 88 97 19 46 … 94 87 82 100 43

100 … … 57 50 37 59 46 0 94 2 55 100 … … … 91 100 3 93 97 58 10 … … 20 29 100 100 4 42 78 … … … … 83 100 … 96 44 20 … … … … … 30

100 11 75 67 65 47 72 46 2 94 4 55 100 … 30 49 91 100 5 96 97 72 11 22 80 16 45 100 100 13 39 78 63 … … … 84 100 78 97 46 20 … 93 14 71 87 32

100 11 … 74 72 52 80 46 3 94 8 55 100 … 30 55 92 100 6 97 97 79 12 26 80 12 55 100 100 18 37 … 69 … … … 84 100 71 98 48 20 … 93 38 71 … 34

100 … … 68 71 50 73 51 3 95 4 68 100 … … … 94 100 6 97 97 70 13 … … 29 45 100 100 14 51 83 … … … … 83 100 … 97 39 22 … … … … … …

100 65 83 74 80 61 82 51 4 95 7 70 100 … 36 49 93 100 9 98 97 80 16 30 82 24 58 100 100 23 52 83 72 … … … 83 100 90 97 41 30 … 93 22 78 98 34

100 67 … 79 84 66 86 51 5 95 11 71 100 … 36 52 93 100 10 98 97 84 19 33 81 19 66 100 100 28 52 … 76 … … … 83 100 85 97 42 33 … 93 48 78 … 36

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Children aged <5 years d (%)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life c (%) Stunted for age

MDG1 Underweight for age

Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese e (%)

(litres per person per year)

Overweight for age Male Female

2000– 2006

5 10 10 11 … 14 7 13 14 4 20 … 4 … 14 20 7 … 9 … 9 12 12 24 13 25 10 9 4 … 9 … 15 … 8 … 12 8 12 6 10 … … 5 14 5 6 13

2000– 2008

… 1.3 … 7.8 39.6 46.8 31.4 … 52.0 … 49.0 39.8 10.0 … 5.2 40.8 10.9 22.4 54.4 … … 50.6 27.0 16.1 21.4 40.6 29.7 … … 46.4 39.5 44.1 25.1 … … … 15.2 … 21.8 16.8 12.7 … … 31.5 26.4 … … 36.4

1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1999 2007 1999 2007 1999 2007 … … … 13.9 … 34.9 29.5 … 44.4 … … … … … … … … … 31.3 … … 53.1 34.3 … … 37.2 43.3 … … 51.0 … … … … … … 6.3 … 11.1 13.9 37.0 … … 32.6 … … … …

… … … 11.7 29.0 23.8 24.6 35.0 43.7 … 50.7 … … … 26.3 27.6 … … 28.1 … … 54.3 39.3 47.7 13.8 29.7 29.9 … … 47.9 28.6 … 27.5 … … … 4.5 … 12.0 17.5 35.8 … … 18.1 48.2 … … 45.2

… … … 4.7 … 10.8 7.2 … 38.3 … … … … … … … … … 20.3 … … 20.3 21.2 … … 24.0 19.2 … … 44.4 22.8 … … … … … 2.3 … 3.8 3.8 17.6 … … 8.2 … … … …

… … … 4.2 6.2 5.4 6.1 10.6 34.5 … 34.6 … … … 8.8 15.8 … … 13.9 … … 17.7 22.5 17.4 11.9 18.9 8.6 … … 43.5 19.7 … 7.1 … … … 3.1 … 3.6 4.9 16.5 … … 2.7 36.4 … … 16.6

… … … 6.9 … 14.7 3.9 … 1.2 … … … … … … … … … 2.7 … … 6.9 4.3 … … 4.3 2.4 … … 3.6 … … … … … … 5.9 … 4.4 5.3 7.6 … … 9.2 … … … …

… … … 8.6 5.1 14.1 5.8 8.3 1.6 … 5.1 … … … 5.6 2.7 … … 2.6 … … 5.6 5.1 17.0 5.5 3.9 5.8 … … 1.9 5.1 … 15.0 … … … 7.5 … 4.7 14.8 5.8 … … 10.7 2.7 … … 6.8

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥ 15 years f

2000–2007 l,o,q

11.8 … … … … … … … n 2.3 l,o,r 14.9 … q 9.8 o,r 16.0 l,q 16.1 … … … l,q 20.5 … l,o,q 26.0 … … … … l,q 14.3 … … l,o,q 17.1 o,q 12.4 m 1.3 q 1.1 r 9.1 l,q 26.2 l,o,q 14.0 l,r 19.8 l,o,q 7.4 … q 2.9 l,q 21.1 … … … … … q 0.7 o,r 12.3 … …

Adults g (≥ 15 years)

Adolescents h (13–15 years)

Both Male Female sexes

Both Male Female sexes

2005

2000–2008

2003

l,o,q

11.0 … … … … m 46.6 … … n 3.4 l,o,r 16.5 m 0.7 q 26.4 o,r 14.0 l,q 17.6 m 8.2 … … l,q 21.1 m 8.1 l,o,q 18.2 … … m 3.0 … l,q 26.9 m 6.3 m 18.8 l,o,q 18.2 o,q 12.3 m 2.8 q 3.6 r 19.2 l,q 38.2 l,o,q 12.0 l,r 25.4 l,o,q 8.9 … q 3.3 m 20.1 … m 6.3 … … … q 1.6 o,r 18.1 … m 16.1 87

11.71 1.79 7.50 6.66 2.36 0.21 3.72 3.38 0.59 9.00 0.86 1.72 9.31 11.43 8.01 2.59 1.47 11.99 1.57 9.01 6.67 1.46 0.20 2.19 3.84 8.30 2.92 13.60 6.99 0.29 0.09 0.00 0.21 13.69 2.47 8.02 1.74 7.59 0.31 2.96 1.51 0.45 0.03 3.63 6.91 9.61 3.24 1.82

36.1 … … 17.5 23.9 28.7 … … 16.9 49.9 7.6 23.6 31.8 36.6 … 29.3 57.1 37.4 10.2 63.6 … 24.5 … … … … … 45.7 26.1 33.1 65.9 29.6 25.8 26.5 31.1 32.8 20.8 44.3 62.7 43.2 27.1 … … 46.9 65.0 54.4 29.1 …

30.6 … … 13.3 5.8 1.3 … … 1.2 27.5 0.9 5.1 24.4 26.7 … 2.9 6.3 25.8 0.8 39.8 … 4.1 … … … … 3.4 33.9 26.6 3.8 4.5 5.5 2.5 26.0 17.9 19.2 9.2 14.3 9.8 9.7 2.2 … … 2.2 15.6 24.1 7.0 …

33.4 … … 15.4 14.9 15.1 … … 9.1 38.8 4.3 14.4 28.1 31.7 … 16.2 31.9 31.6 5.5 51.8 … 14.4 … … … … … 39.8 26.3 18.6 35.4 17.6 14.2 26.3 24.6 26.1 15.0 29.4 36.5 26.6 14.7 … … 24.7 40.5 39.4 18.1 …

… 17.9 19.3 18.4 k 31.2 16.0 24.4 25.1 7.8 33.8 k 9.9 11.6 … … … k 34.0 36.4 … 11.6 17.1 17.6 19.7 … … 17.6 k 21.7 k 22.8 27.9 … 16.8 24.1 32.9 k 17.7 … … … 24.0 … 33.7 15.2 14.9 … 28.0 10.3 13.2 41.8 65.8 26.4

… 10.7 13.5 11.9 k 26.1 7.6 15.4 17.3 4.6 27.8 k 4.9 10.2 … … … k 36.6 13.6 … 10.9 14.4 15.7 13.3 … … 12.2 k 23.9 k 18.2 26.7 … 9.4 4.0 19.5 k 15.2 … … … 15.3 … 26.1 8.1 14.5 … 14.3 4.4 4.9 33.9 54.1 21.7

… 14.9 17.2 14.9 k 28.6 12.6 19.0 22.1 6.6 30.8 k 7.9 11.5 … … … k 36.1 24.6 … 11.7 16.2 16.7 16.6 … … 14.9 k 23.2 k 20.4 27.8 … 13.7 13.5 26.6 k 17.2 … … … 19.5 … 30.3 11.4 15.1 … 20.9 7.2 9.1 37.6 59.7 24.8

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults (15–49 years) at higher-risk sex i (%)

MDG 6 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS j (%)

Male Female Male Female 2000–2007

2000–2007

… … … 45 … … … … … … 9 … … … 40 … … … 38 … … … 24 … 53 34 … … … 23 … … … … … … … … … … 33 … … … … … … 41

… … … 34 … … … … … … 33 … … … … … … … 33 … … … 23 … 47 40 … … … 36 … … … … … … … … … … 47 … … … … … … 19

… … … 35 … … … … … … … … … … 26 … … … 35 … … … 20 … 56 21 27 … … 12 … … … … … … … … … … 12 … … … … … … 19

… 18 … 41 … … … 4 37 … 20 … … … … 39 … … 25 … … … 17 18 53 34 30 … … 20 … … 3 … … … 60 … … 22 34 … … 20 … … … 27

Table 5

Lowbirthweight newborns b (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

Urban

1990 Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

MDG 7 Access to improved sanitation a (%)

MDG 7 Access to improved drinking-water sources a (%)

85 72 … 100 80 92 100 100 50 100 95 30 100 94 93 100 97 … 94 … 86 98 … 97 100 100 91 59 80 100 100 85 96 73 100 88 78 88 92 100 98 100 97 98 93 97 94 99 98

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 75 72 … 100 78 94 100 99 74 100 83 52 100 97 94 100 93 … 98 77 83 99 … 95 100 100 90 79 71 100 100 85 95 78 98 88 89 91 94 100 99 100 97 97 97 99 86 99 98

72 … … 100 76 96 100 98 86 100 … 70 100 98 95 100 90 100 100 71 80 99 … 94 100 100 90 91 65 100 100 … 95 79 96 88 94 92 96 100 99 100 97 96 99 100 82 99 98

34 68 … 100 27 34 96 95 28 100 97 41 100 72 86 … 21 … 58 … 47 42 … 70 100 82 46 38 34 100 100 73 81 98 … 32 28 46 75 … 94 100 … … 55 86 63 99 98

49 68 … 100 33 58 96 82 42 100 96 48 100 81 92 … 35 … 58 25 66 72 … 81 100 … 59 34 32 100 100 73 85 95 80 32 44 56 84 … 98 100 71 88 70 88 62 99 98

52 … … 100 36 72 96 76 48 100 … 54 100 85 94 … 48 96 58 26 80 90 … 88 100 … 63 32 30 100 100 … 87 94 81 32 52 63 88 … 100 100 … 85 76 88 61 99 98 88

57 71 … 100 39 41 98 96 33 100 96 37 100 88 88 … 64 … 75 … 57 57 … 72 100 97 70 41 50 100 100 81 86 90 … 39 52 75 83 … 96 100 … … 76 94 65 99 98

63 71 … 100 45 63 98 87 51 100 88 50 100 93 92 … 68 … 80 41 71 81 … 83 100 … 77 41 49 100 100 82 88 90 92 39 69 81 90 … 99 100 92 92 85 96 65 99 98

64 … … 100 47 76 99 83 60 100 … 60 100 95 94 … 72 98 83 42 80 93 … 89 100 … 79 42 47 100 100 … 90 89 92 40 77 84 93 … 99 100 … 90 88 97 65 99 98

59 97 … 100 15 50 95 100 53 100 88 33 95 74 54 100 … … 80 … 47 73 … 36 100 … 59 16 33 100 … 97 76 76 … 67 88 73 71 … 97 100 … … 88 93 31 96 …

51 97 … 100 17 51 95 100 57 100 93 39 95 88 59 100 65 … 83 51 74 68 … 42 100 … 57 23 34 100 … 97 85 92 77 67 88 80 78 … 99 100 … 86 88 93 33 96 89

49 97 … 100 18 51 95 100 59 100 … 44 95 91 61 100 64 96 85 53 85 66 … 45 100 … 57 27 35 100 … 97 90 96 78 67 89 85 81 … 99 100 … 85 88 93 34 96 …

24 96 … 100 6 46 … … 30 … 51 11 94 8 20 … … … 25 … 15 8 … 6 100 88 23 1 22 100 … 61 14 54 … 41 34 15 46 … 88 100 … … 52 70 29 96 …

10 96 … 100 9 56 93 42 36 … 57 11 94 42 16 … 26 … 43 16 53 15 … 17 100 … 32 2 24 100 … 61 30 52 53 41 40 28 64 … 95 100 … 72 54 70 24 96 89

7 96 … 100 10 62 93 42 39 … … 10 94 48 14 … 31 86 54 19 81 18 … 24 100 … 34 3 25 100 … … 40 52 63 41 42 36 72 … 98 100 … 73 54 70 20 96 …

40 97 … 100 8 46 … … 35 … 75 20 94 56 29 … … … 52 … 23 26 … 9 100 … 42 3 26 100 … 85 33 61 … 44 60 55 58 … 92 100 … … 72 87 29 96 …

32 97 … 100 11 55 94 58 42 … 81 22 94 76 26 … 48 … 65 27 59 32 … 20 100 … 46 5 28 100 … 87 48 65 69 44 67 65 72 … 97 100 … 78 73 87 25 96 89

32 97 … 100 12 60 94 59 45 … … 24 94 81 25 … 50 91 72 31 82 35 … 27 100 … 48 7 30 100 … … 58 67 74 45 70 72 78 … 99 100 … 79 72 87 23 96 …

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Children aged <5 years d (%)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life c (%) Stunted for age

MDG1 Underweight for age

Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese e (%)

(litres per person per year)

Overweight for age Male Female

2000– 2006

… … 4 8 17 13 9 22 23 6 … … 14 8 18 … 6 4 15 15 15 14 … 21 … 6 12 13 14 0 5 8 … … 10 … 9 11 20 6 8 … 4 6 8 6 6 9 12

2000– 2008

29.1 … … … 67.2 56.7 … 10.4 34.3 … … 11.4 … … … … 57.0 19.3 31.0 30.0 11.0 23.9 … 53.0 … … 30.6 13.5 11.7 … … … 37.1 … … … 21.9 63.9 33.5 … … … … 45.5 15.8 … 88.4 … …

1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1999 2007 1999 2007 1999 2007 45.3 20.7 … … 55.5 55.8 … 46.7 36.2 … … … … 21.7 … … 30.1 … 29.9 45.3 … 35.7 … 61.1 … … 28.3 47.0 50.5 … … 12.9 54.5 … 21.5 … 18.3 31.6 … … … … … … 15.3 … 56.8 … …

39.4 … … … 52.8 52.5 … 31.9 38.5 … … 39.5 … 15.5 … … 27.5 7.9 23.1 47.0 40.6 29.6 … 49.3 … … 25.2 54.8 43.0 … … … 41.5 … … … … 31.3 33.8 … … … … 11.3 12.8 … 51.7 … …

22.8 4.3 … … 35.5 24.4 … 41.5 38.2 … … … … 6.0 … … 10.8 … 8.1 28.1 … 21.5 … 38.2 … … 10.0 45.0 35.1 … … 11.3 39.0 … 6.3 … 2.8 5.7 … … … … … … 3.4 … 24.3 … …

20.4 … … … 36.8 18.4 … 25.7 27.9 … … 30.4 … 3.4 … … 5.3 2.2 9.9 21.2 29.6 17.5 … 38.8 … … 7.8 39.9 27.2 … … … 31.3 … … … … 5.2 20.7 … … … … 3.2 3.5 … 18.0 … …

4.6 … … … 2.9 9.9 … 6.9 2.1 … … … … 7.6 … … 7.0 … 10.7 6.0 … 4.5 … 0.4 … … 4.0 1.2 3.2 … … 1.6 5.4 … 6.2 … 6.3 9.9 … … … … … … 10.1 … 4.0 … …

4.2 … … … 6.2 10.2 … 3.9 4.7 … … 3.8 … 7.6 … … 14.2 15.6 13.3 6.3 2.4 4.6 … 0.6 … … 7.1 3.5 6.2 … … … 4.8 … … … … 11.8 2.4 … … … … 9.1 8.3 … 6.7 … …

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥ 15 years f

2000–2007

Adults g (≥ 15 years)

Adolescents h (13–15 years)

Both Male Female sexes

Both Male Female sexes

2003 m

… 5.7 … … l,o,r l,o,r 20.6 19.2 … … m … 1.0 m … 2.4 n n 10.1 18.8 … … m … 5.2 l,o,q l,o,q 25.0 21.3 … … m … 16.7 … … l,q l,q 24.2 34.5 … … … … r r 7.2 12.5 … … l,q m 8.2 11.0 m … 3.9 … … m … 11.7 r r 55.7 60.5 m … 0.9 q q 10.2 11.9 q q 21.9 23.2 m … 18.7 m … 3.2 m … 5.8 … … o,q o,q 6.4 5.9 l,q l,q 16.7 23.8 … … … … … … … … … … l,q m 11.5 12.5 … … l,q l,q 15.7 19.9 l,r l,r 15 13.4 … … … … m … 18.2 q q 7.7 9.5 l,m l,m 11.8 20.1 m … 1.3 … … … … 89

3.82 0.01 9.89 15.56 1.59 1.41 1.06 … 0.50 6.02 … 0.01 3.03 4.57 1.23 … 2.83 … 0.45 0.52 0.33 5.97 0.87 0.19 9.68 9.68 2.48 0.05 10.57 9.47 5.50 0.26 0.01 … 5.98 1.62 3.73 3.83 3.51 8.09 11.54 4.40 7.87 13.18 9.74 10.32 6.93 6.73 11.48

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults (15–49 years) at higher-risk sex i (%)

2005 … … 45.1 39.1 … 23.7 54.4 44.5 19.5 32.8 … 22.3 35.7 36.9 … … 45.8 … 29.5 22.0 46.5 38.6 46.1 34.8 38.3 29.7 … … 13.0 … 33.6 24.7 35.4 38.1 … … 33.0 … 42.0 43.9 40.6 … 53.3 45.8 40.6 70.1 … … 28.9

… … 20.8 30.3 … 6.2 2.8 11.6 2.8 24.5 … 3.7 1.1 12.4 … … 6.5 … 0.3 3.4 13.6 10.9 52.4 26.4 30.3 27.5 … … 1.2 … 30.4 1.3 6.6 9.7 … … 14.8 … 9.8 27.2 31.0 … 5.7 5.8 24.5 26.5 … … 12.1

2000–2008 … … 33.0 34.7 … 15.0 28.8 28.2 11.2 28.7 … 13.1 18.5 24.7 … … 26.3 … 15.0 12.8 30.2 24.9 49.2 30.6 34.3 28.6 … … 7.1 … 32.0 13.1 21.1 24.0 … … 24.0 … 26.0 35.6 35.8 … 29.7 26.0 32.6 48.5 … … 20.6

k

14.2 15.5 36.8 … 33.2 19.1 40.0 8.5 k 23.1 … … 31.5 20.3 k 27.8 51.9 … 25.7 6.6 12.5 k 12.7 22.5 28.6 … 13.0 … 14.7 k 30.4 15.2 k 19.2 … … 17.8 k 12.4 … 10.5 55.4 20.8 k 18.2 28.2 21.4 … 25.2 10.9 20.8 22.2 30.1 13.3 18.2 22.4

k

11.8 6.1 28.1 … 14.3 17.9 11.5 3.4 k 8.8 … … 29.5 7.7 k 28.5 39.8 … 16.0 5.9 8.2 k 7.4 8.2 22.9 … 5.3 … 26.4 k 20.5 8.0 k 11.1 … … 11.3 k 7.5 … 6.5 40.3 12.9 k 19.9 17.3 17.3 … 13.1 8.8 7.1 14.8 24.4 9.5 13.6 14.5

k

13.6 11.1 32.1 … 22.8 18.4 25.8 5.9 k 16.6 … … 30.7 13.7 k 28.6 46.2 … 20.7 6.3 11.0 k 10.0 15.3 25.8 … 9.4 … 20.1 k 25.1 11.7 k 15.4 … … 15.2 k 10.1 … 8.4 47.7 16.7 k 19.6 22.6 19.5 … 17.9 10.2 13.4 18.3 27.3 11.5 16.6 17.9

MDG 6 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS j (%)

Male Female Male Female 2000–2007

2000–2007

… … … … 9 20 … … 12 … 20 … … … … … … … … 19 … 74 … 30 … … … 7 22 … … … … … … … … … 22 … … … … 45 … … 8 … …

… … … … 16 36 … … 22 … 39 … … … … … … … … 33 … 62 … 44 … … … 16 21 … … … … … … … … … 18 … … … … … … … 54 … …

… … … … 2 16 … … 8 … 11 … … … … … … … … 14 … 66 … … … … 19 8 13 … … … … … … … … 31 … … … … … 22 … … 14 … …

… … … … 19 24 … … 18 … 27 … … … … … 35 30 12 20 … 65 … 28 … … 22 13 18 … … … … … … … … 19 12 … … … … … … … 51 … …

Table 5

Lowbirthweight newborns b (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Access to improved sanitation a (%)

MDG 7 Access to improved drinking-water sources a (%)

Urban

1990

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

… 99 … … 97 91 … 100 … 100 100 … 94 … 98 100 91 85 99 … 100 100 96 … 98 …

… 92 … 89 97 92 … 100 75 100 100 … 94 36 99 100 96 79 98 87 100 100 95 92 98 100

… 90 … 88 97 93 99 100 83 100 100 … 94 63 100 100 98 78 97 87 100 100 95 93 99 100

… 89 … … 63 51 … … … … 100 … 65 … 62 100 62 57 … … 100 100 70 … 94 …

93 88 … 73 … 59 … 75 46 … 100 … 65 17 75 100 73 63 73 51 100 100 77 47 96 99

… 87 … 83 … 65 98 … 32 … 100 … 65 10 82 100 79 64 79 51 100 100 83 58 97 99

… 91 … … 89 67 … … … … 100 … 69 … 81 100 67 64 … … 100 100 83 … 95 …

… 89 … 82 … 72 … 87 57 … 100 … 70 23 89 100 77 69 91 59 100 100 86 59 97 100

… 88 … 86 … 77 99 … 53 … 100 … 70 29 93 100 82 70 92 60 100 100 89 67 98 100

… 100 … … 100 52 … … … 100 100 … 98 … 64 100 85 53 90 … 100 100 94 … 92 …

… 100 … 28 100 53 … … 21 100 100 … 98 44 65 100 88 51 90 64 100 100 95 91 94 92

… 100 … 29 100 54 96 … 20 100 100 … 98 51 66 100 89 50 89 64 100 100 96 95 95 92

96 98 … … … 9 … 100 … … 99 … 18 … 45 100 68 26 … … 100 100 69 … 72 …

96 100 … 15 … 9 … 100 6 … 99 … 18 10 47 100 80 24 65 46 100 100 79 84 92 81

96 100 … 18 … 9 88 100 5 … 99 … 18 7 49 100 86 24 60 46 100 100 88 91 96 81

… 98 … … … 26 … … … … 100 … 29 … 55 100 71 33 … … 100 100 81 … 78 …

… 100 … 22 … 27 … … 12 … 100 … 31 21 57 100 81 34 83 50 100 100 87 86 93 88

… 100 … 24 … 28 92 … 11 … 100 … 32 23 59 100 86 35 82 50 100 100 92 92 96 89

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

… 79 100 92 95 92 … 92 78 100 100 100 90 100 100 97 93 93 87 … 86 99

77 83 100 95 98 96 … 94 85 100 100 100 84 100 100 98 86 … 94 77 89 99

77 86 100 97 99 98 … 94 90 97 100 100 81 100 100 98 … … 98 68 90 98

… 36 100 88 62 74 … 89 39 … 100 100 39 94 100 85 53 70 43 … 27 70

56 39 100 91 76 87 … 91 52 92 100 100 44 94 100 83 52 … 72 67 36 71

56 40 100 93 84 95 … 92 60 97 100 100 46 94 100 82 … … 90 65 41 72

… 49 100 88 82 85 … 90 43 … 100 100 49 99 100 90 61 89 52 … 50 78

61 55 100 91 90 93 … 93 56 97 100 100 53 99 100 89 59 … 77 70 54 80

62 59 100 94 94 97 … 93 64 97 100 100 55 99 100 88 … … 92 66 58 81

… 25 98 93 95 96 … 83 27 98 98 … 29 100 100 97 … 90 62 79 49 65

64 24 98 92 95 96 … 90 28 98 98 … 31 100 100 97 78 … 78 84 53 64

64 24 98 92 96 96 … 93 29 97 98 … 31 100 100 97 … … 88 88 55 63

… 8 96 93 44 69 … 74 29 93 95 … 36 99 99 91 … 47 21 14 38 35

32 5 96 92 57 71 … 81 32 91 95 … 35 99 99 93 42 … 43 24 47 36

32 3 96 92 64 72 … 84 34 83 95 … 34 99 99 95 … … 56 30 51 37

… 13 96 93 74 85 … 78 29 96 97 … 35 100 100 93 … 83 29 28 42 44

40 12 96 92 81 87 … 86 32 96 97 … 34 100 100 94 50 … 51 39 49 45

41 12 96 92 85 88 … 89 33 93 97 … 33 100 100 96 … … 65 46 52 46

90

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Children aged <5 years d (%)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life c (%) Stunted for age

MDG1 Underweight for age

Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese e (%)

(litres per person per year)

Overweight for age Male Female

2000– 2006

2000– 2008

1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1999 2007 1999 2007 1999 2007

5 … … 8 … 19 5 … 24 8 7 6 … 11 … … 22 … 13 9 … … 9 10 9 6

… … … 60.4 … 34.1 15.1 … 7.9 … … … … 9.1 7.2 … 52.6 33.7 9.2 32.3 … 14.0 28.7 25.4 5.4 16.2

… … … … … 33.7 … … … … … … … … … … … … 14.5 … … … … … … 8.0

… … … 35.2 … 20.1 8.1 … 46.9 4.4 … … … 42.1 … … 18.4 47.6 … 29.5 … … 28.6 33.1 15.7 11.5

… … … … … 21.9 … … … … … … … … … … … … 11.4 … … … … … … 1.9

… … … 10.1 … 14.5 1.8 … 28.3 3.3 … … … 32.8 … … 22.8 38.4 … 6.1 … … 10.0 14.9 7.0 1.8

12 12 3 19 7 … 4 5 12 4 … 8 10 8 8 5 6 9 7 … 12 …

30.7 28.4 … 12.8 6.2 20.8 11.0 … 60.1 18.2 … <1.0 41.3 11.9 54.1 26.4 … … 16.9 11.5 40.1 22.2

… 29.8 … … … 19.1 … … 45.0 … … … 48.3 … … 39.0 … … 61.4 59.3 48.6 33.7

55.7 27.8 … 5.3 … 15.6 … … 38.7 22.9 … … 44.4 3.9 13.9 19.6 … … 35.8 … 52.5 35.8

… 23.2 … … … 7.0 … … 21.5 … … … 25.3 … … 15.3 … … 36.9 47.6 19.6 11.5

40.6 22.3 … 4.4 … 3.5 … … 16.4 4.1 … … 16.7 1.3 6.0 4.4 … … 20.2 … 23.3 14.0

… … … … … 4.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … 2.9 … … … … … … 9.6

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥ 15 years f

2000–2007

Adults g (≥ 15 years)

Adolescents h (13–15 years)

Both Male Female sexes

Both Male Female sexes

2005

2000–2008

2003

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults (15–49 years) at higher-risk sex i (%)

MDG 6 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS j (%)

Male Female Male Female 2000–2007

2000–2007

… … … 9.2 … 2.4 19.3 … 5.9 2.6 … … … 4.7 … … 1.0 5.2 … 11.4 … … 18.7 6.7 8.0 16.2

… … l,r l,r 44.9 66.3 … … … … l,q l,q 26.4 44.0 m … 7.2 … … l,r l,r 15.0 35.2 … … l,q l,q 6.4 7.3 o,r o,r 13.5 15.0 l,o,r l,o,r 16.5 13.8 … … … … q q 8.8 27.4 o,q o,q 13.0 13.5 … … … … … … m m 3.9 23.1 l,o,q l,o,q 11.0 14.0 o,q o,q 7.9 7.5 r r 15.5 27.7 … … l,n l,n 3.3 10.2 … …

7.00 1.73 … 6.95 0.00 0.46 … 3.36 6.39 2.17 10.35 6.74 0.97 0.00 6.72 11.68 0.28 0.30 … 4.60 5.96 10.83 0.49 0.39 5.59 5.69

… 58.3 … 23.2 p 25.6 19.8 42.3 35.2 … … 41.6 31.8 … … 27.5 36.4 30.2 … … 14.6 19.6 30.7 44.0 … 39.8 …

… 23.4 … 10.6 p 3.6 1.5 42.3 7.0 … … 20.1 21.1 … … 9.1 30.9 2.6 … … 3.2 24.5 22.2 … … 3.4 …

… 41.0 … 16.9 p 14.7 10.7 42.3 21.2 … … 30.9 26.5 … … 18.4 33.7 16.5 … … 8.9 22.0 26.5 … … 21.7 …

22.0 16.6 25.8 20.4 … … … … 20.2 10.7 20.4 9.6 10.8 9.6 27.1 25.3 k k 20.3 24.1 10.5 7.5 28.5 24.5 16.9 24.2 … … k k 15.5 12.3 29.0 20.0 … … 12.4 5.8 18.0 10.1 12.6 8.6 14.7 9.0 … … … … 38.6 19.5 6.8 2.8 21.7 8.4 9.6 8.2

19.1 23.5 … … 15.9 14.9 10.4 26.6 k 23.5 9.1 26.6 21.8 … k 15.6 23.6 … 9.1 14.0 10.5 11.3 … … 29.0 5.1 15.7 9.0

… … … … … 31 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 … … … … … …

… … … … … 21 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 57 … … … … … …

… … … … … 26 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 52 … … … … … …

… … … 44 … 21 42 … 17 … … … … 4 … … … … 41 52 … … 7 3 46 27

… 5.7 2.6 4.7 … … … 4.9 … … 4.0 9.1 … … … … 5.1 4.9 … 26.5 … … … … 3.3 4.9 … 8.0 … 9.4 18.5 12.8 … … … … 2.8 … 3.7 … 6.2 5.9 10.6 9.1

… … … … r r 56.1 74.9 … … … … m,o … 22.7 m … 10.3 … … m … 4.1 m … 11.3 l,q l,q 25.6 39.9 o,q o,q 22.3 23 m … 4.4 l,q l,q 31.1 33.2 … … n m 5.4 7.1 n n 14.4 25.2 … … l,m l,m 0.3 0.6 … … m … 3.0 l,q l,q 3.9 19.4

… 1.24 0.75 4.17 1.23 1.37 1.18 1.37 … 6.09 0.02 11.75 5.45 8.61 7.74 1.51 0.75 6.67 0.85 0.04 2.40 4.41

… … 61.8 36.4 51.0 51.6 … … 20.9 … p 26.1 36.7 24.8 26.3 37.1 24.2 49.1 32.5 p 45.7 … p 21.7 25.5

… … 15.8 7.6 1.9 19.2 … … 3.2 … p 2.6 34.7 4.3 21.5 28.0 1.2 8.1 27.0 p 2.5 … p 5.0 4.4

… … 39.0 22.1 26.6 35.5 … … 12.1 … p 14.4 35.7 14.6 23.9 32.6 12.8 28.8 29.8 p 24.3 … p 13.4 15.0

54.5 29.8 17.7 7.9 … … 20.8 17.8 27.8 8.8 11.1 4.4 … … 41.6 32.7 17.3 15.3 29.8 22.2 25.2 13.2 … … k k 8.7 4.7 … … 21.4 24.5 k k 2.7 1.6 34.1 19.6 … … 6.5 1.5 14.5 10.5 k k 25.7 25.6 k k 14.9 8.2

41.0 14.0 … 19.9 18.3 8.4 … 36.4 16.6 26.0 19.5 … k 6.5 … 23.2 k 2.2 25.6 … 3.8 14.1 k 25.6 k 12.0

… … … … … … … … 42 46 … … 29 … … … … … 58 … 28 36

… … … … … … … … 41 48 … … 21 … … … … … … … 33 41

… … … … … … … … 38 43 … … 40 … … … … … 50 … 37 46

… 28 … 28 … … … … 32 42 … … 45 … … 31 … … 42 … 34 44

91

Table 5

Lowbirthweight newborns b (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Access to improved sanitation a (%)

MDG 7 Access to improved drinking-water sources a (%)

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

1990

2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006 1990 2000 2006

30 100 97

36 100 97

37 100 98

4 100 72

17 100 78

10 100 83

13 100 86

21 100 89

22 100 91

11 100 88

14 100 87

14 100 89

0 100 50

2 100 57

3 100 63

3 100 71

4 100 74

5 100 78

84 96 91 98 96 97

82 98 93 99 93 97

82 98 94 100 93 98

36 73 66 87 77 57

42 78 77 90 75 72

46 81 84 92 75 82

50 90 72 95 86 71

56 93 82 97 83 82

59 94 87 97 82 89

45 89 53 97 81 70

45 91 56 97 83 75

46 92 58 97 85 79

22 58 14 84 31 45

24 65 23 85 40 55

26 68 27 85 43 61

29 81 24 93 51 53

31 85 33 93 59 63

33 87 37 93 60 69

87 94 95 100 95

84 95 97 100 95

84 96 98 100 96

50 61 73 97 62

56 74 80 97 71

60 82 84 98 78

59 72 88 99 76

64 82 93 99 82

68 88 95 100 86

50 64 86 100 76

53 68 88 100 77

54 71 89 100 78

19 31 53 99 34

28 39 61 99 41

33 42 64 99 44

26 41 77 100 51

35 50 81 100 57

40 54 83 100 60

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

92

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 Children aged <5 years d (%)

Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life c (%) Stunted for age

MDG1 Underweight for age

Adults aged ≥ 15 years who are obese e (%)

(litres per person per year)

Overweight for age Male Female

2000– 2006

2000– 2008

1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1990– 2000– 1999 2007 1999 2007 1999 2007

Prevalence of current tobacco use (%)

Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥ 15 years f

2000–2007

Adults g (≥ 15 years)

Adolescents h (13–15 years)

Both Male Female sexes

Both Male Female sexes

2005

2000–2008

2003

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults (15–49 years) at higher-risk sex i (%)

MDG 6 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS j (%)

Male Female Male Female 2000–2007

2000–2007

0 25 9

1.3 88.4 26.4

6.3 62.4 36.0

2.1 63.1 29.7

1.9 52.0 19.6

0.6 43.5 14.5

0.4 18.5 4.6

0.6 26.5 6.3

0.3 57.4 13.3

0.6 74.9 13.7

0.00 15.56 3.73

7.6 70.1 34.8

0.3 52.4 9.8

4.3 51.8 25.6

4.3 55.4 21.6

1.5 49.6 15.3

3.2 47.7 18.1

7 74 31

2 66 22

5 47 27

3 60 23

14 9 … 6 … 5

29.5 30.9 43.2 17.7 34.2 …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

4.09 6.66 0.51 8.84 0.19 5.18

18.1 29.5 39.8 44.9 32.5 56.2

2.9 19.8 4.5 25.0 4.3 5.2

10.6 24.8 22.2 35.3 18.3 30.8

19.7 22.3 17.1 21.0 18.6 9.5

12.8 21.6 8.1 15.4 10.9 5.4

16.4 22.3 13.0 18.4 15.2 7.3

24 … 23 … … …

19 … 12 … … …

30 … 36 … … …

23 … 21 … … …

15 7 8 7 10

32.1 40.8 29.1 12.1 34.8

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

1.22 4.03 6.63 9.07 4.36

30.7 47.3 48.2 34.5 42.4

4.6 4.0 21.0 22.1 9.6

17.3 25.8 34.9 28.3 26.0

15.3 15.5 23.3 … 16.5

9.6 8.5 19.4 … 10.3

12.7 12.2 21.6 … 13.6

28 … … … …

… … … … …

33 … … … …

24 … … … …

93

Table 5

Lowbirthweight newborns b (%)

Table 6

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Data on the resources available to the health system are essential to enable governments to determine how best to meet the health-related needs of the population. Data indicate that globally, there are 13 physicians per 10 000 population, with large variations between countries and regions. In the African Region, there are only 2 physicians per 10 000 compared with 32 per 10 000 in the European Region. Globally, there are 28 nurses and midwives per 10 000 population, ranging from a low of 11 per 10 000 in the African Region to a high of 79 per 10 000 in the European Region. While there are no gold standards for assessing the sufficiency of the health workforce, WHO estimates that countries with fewer than 23 health-care professionals (counting only physicians, nurses and midwives) per 10 000 population will be unlikely to achieve adequate coverage rates for the key primary health-care interventions prioritized by the Millennium Development Goals. Estimates of the numbers and density of the health workforce refer to the active health workforce: people currently participating in the health labour market. The data are derived from multiple sources including: national population censuses, labour force and employment surveys, health facility assessments and routine administrative information systems (including registries on public expenditure, staffing and payroll as well as professional training, registration and licensure). This diversity of sources means there is considerable variability in the coverage and quality of the data and it is not always clear whether both the public and private sectors are included. Hospital beds are used to indicate the availability of inpatient services. There is no global norm for the density of hospital beds in relation to total population. In the European Region, there are 63 hospital beds per 10 000 population compared with 10 per 10 000 in the African Region. Statistics on hospital bed density are generally drawn from routine administrative records but in some settings only public sector beds are included. In most developing countries the availability of medicines – where these are provided through public health facilities at a low cost or free of charge – is very poor. In all regions, availability is better in the private sector, but can still be poor. Surveys in about 30 developing countries indicate that only 35 % of selected medicines were available in the public sector and 63 % were available in the private sector. In the private sector, medicines cost on average about 650% more than the international reference price, while in the public sector – where patients pay for medicines – the average cost is 250% more than the international reference price. 95

6. Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Member State

Health workforce

Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

5 970 3 626 35 368 244 1 165 g 12 g 108 800 11 133 47 875 30 068 30 766 g 312 1 980 42 881 g 322 46 359 44 124 251 311 52 10 329 5 540 715 198 153 400 28 111 708 200 2 047 3 124 62 307 231 331 345 17 250 1 862 630 58 761 115 756 20 5 204 2 081 11 250 66 567 1 950 36 595 74 597 5 827 19 287 140

a

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

2 12 11 36 1 g 2 g 30 37 25 37 36 g 11 27 3 g 12 48 42 11 <1 <1 12 14 4 12 11 37 1 <1 2 2 19 5 1 <1 11 14 14 2 2 12 13 1 25 59 23 36 33 1 36 2

96

14 930 12 746 69 749 259 18 485 g 233 g 29 000 14 806 187 837 53 782 71 265 g 1323 3 850 39 471 g 988 121 357 146 846 303 5 789 545 18 091 18 332 4 753 659 111 2 120 35 028 6 557 1 348 11 125 26 042 327 224 410 1 613 2 499 10 000 1 259 240 23 940 588 3 672 80 3 653 10 180 24 872 83 880 3 361 91 120 93 414 28 789 54 073 296

Dentistry personnel Number

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

5 41 22 39 14 g 33 g 8 49 97 66 84 g 45 61 3 g 37 125 142 13 8 3 21 47 27 38 61 46 5 2 9 16 101 9 4 3 6 10 6 7 10 47 9 6 55 74 40 89 41 5 101 4

900 1 035 9 553 46 222 g 13 g 28 900 1 255 21 296 4 467 2 431 g 21 300 2 344 g 63 4 647 8 305 32 12 65 5 997 629 38 190 448 70 6 512 58 14 209 147 38 310 11 13 15 6 750 136 520 33 951 29 12 10 1 905 339 3 230 9 841 715 6 933 8 315 159 4 530 60

<1 3 3 7 <1 g 2 g 8 4 11 5 3 g 1 4 <1 g 2 5 8 1 <1 <1 7 2 <1 11 2 9 <1 <1 <1 <1 12 <1 <1 <1 4 1 8 <1 <1 6 5 <1 7 9 9 7 4 <1 8 1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Community health workers Number

Other health service providers

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

… … … … … … … … … … … … … 21 000 … … … … … 195 … … … … … … 1 201 548 … … … 65 99 154 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

a

Number

b

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

… … … … … … … … … … … … … 2 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … 1 1 … … … 1 <1 <1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Hospital beds c (per 10 000 population)

900 1 173 24 421 72 3 242 … g 15 300 157 64 433 5 076 1 074 … 2 511 24 035 … 2 930 11 775 … 884 926 11 767 308 1 611 499 592 30 1 020 2 767 1 518 564 2 537 … 172 693 851 … 1 724 620 … 172 1 743 2 20 888 2 507 2 549 … 160 5 842 85 089 2 754 3 564 284

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicines d (%) Public

2000–2008 <1 4 8 11 2 … g 4 1 33 6 1 … 34 2 … 3 11 … 1 4 14 1 9 29 1 1 2 2 <1 2 … 4 2 1 … 13 … 2 5 1 53 2 6 … 2 6 38 1 7 4

4 30 f 17 32 f 8 20 41 44 40 76 80 32 27 3 66 113 53 j 12 f 5 16 11 30 f 24 24 28 64 f 9 f 7 … f 15 34 f 21 f 12 f 4 23 22 10 f 22 f 16 63 13 f 4 53 49 37 82 132 f 8 38 …

97

Essential medicines

Private

2001–2007 … … … … … … … i … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … h … … … … 31.3 … k 19.2 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines e Public

Private

2001–2007 … … … … … … … i … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … h … … … … 13.6 … k 10.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … i … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1.6 … … … 3.9 … k 1.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … 3.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 20.7 … … … 15.1 … k 1.1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Table 6

Health workforce

6. Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Member State

Health workforce

Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007 Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

g

38 15 670 18 335 179 900 7 938 153 215 4 414 1 936 380 17 357 207 277 395 156 20 597 284 427 3 240 55 556 g 80 g 9 965 987 188 366 g 1 949 3 676 30 575 1 120 645 825 29 499 61 870 19 010 12 394 25 138 215 000 2 253 270 371 13 460 57 514 4 506 20 4 840 12 710 2 000 7 200 8 440 89 103 7 070 13 510 1 255

a

Dentistry personnel

Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007 g

5 19 15 24 12 3 1 33 <1 5 33 34 3 1 47 34 2 50 g 10 g 9 1 1 5 g 3 6 30 38 6 1 9 7 29 37 37 9 21 24 39 1 2 18 24 4 31 24 1 <1 13 40 27

98

g

317 15 352 20 586 248 010 5 103 271 2 505 9 247 15 544 1 660 46 930 486 006 6 778 1 881 17 871 662 000 19 707 40 000 g 326 g 44 986 4 408 1 072 1 738 g 834 8 528 92 171 2 960 1 372 059 179 959 98 020 36 300 65 415 42 609 403 000 4 374 1 210 633 16 770 113 098 37 113 260 9 940 30 824 5 600 12 840 4 720 1 123 1 035 27 160 26 140 4 418

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

g

42 18 17 34 8 5 6 70 2 20 89 80 50 13 40 80 9 36 g 40 g 41 5 7 23 g 1 13 92 101 13 8 16 13 195 62 72 17 95 32 76 12 30 37 58 10 56 13 6 3 48 77 96

g

4 7 000 2 062 25 170 3 465 15 16 1 175 93 60 4 490 41 374 66 43 1 269 65 683 393 13 438 g 20 g 2 046 60 22 30 g 94 1 371 4 997 286 61 424 7 093 13 210 3 460 2 414 7 726 37 000 212 95 197 4 330 5 612 1 340 3 810 1 017 … 1 561 3 260 16 13 850 2 249 343

g

1 8 2 3 5 <1 <1 9 <1 1 9 7 1 <1 3 8 <1 12 g 2 g 2 <1 <1 <1 g <1 2 5 10 1 <1 2 1 6 11 6 1 7 8 4 <1 <1 3 2 … 7 9 <1 <1 2 7 8

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Community health workers Number

Other health service providers

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

… … … … … 308 … … 13 433 … … … … 412 … … … … g 40 … … 2 355 … … … … … 50 393 … 25 242 149 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

a

Number

b

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

… … … … … 6 … … 2 … … … … 3 … … … … g 5 … … 15 … … … … … 1 … 4 <1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Hospital beds c (per 10 000 population)

… 3 330 … 125 776 … 1 190 499 6 823 17 966 90 35 150 69 431 686 739 257 46 953 9 419 8 977 g 69 … 1 456 2 475 … … 4 077 5 364 312 1 752 027 43 936 128 160 40 114 3 565 4 958 44 000 … 526 337 21 971 14 048 22 200 2 1 340 143 3 800 … 3 000 298 1 085 1 130 2 184 401

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicines d (%) Public

2000–2008 … 4 … 17 … 24 1 52 3 1 68 11 5 5 1 6 4 8 g 8 … 2 16 … … 6 5 11 16 2 18 14 9 7 8 … 41 39 10 7 <1 5 <1 7 … 8 2 3 2 6 9

40 j 10 17 21 j 7 … f 12 57 f 2 21 68 73 f 20 f 8 33 83 f 9 48 26 7 f 3 f 7 25 13 10 71 53 7 6 17 13 … 60 39 20 140 19 81 f 14 15 19 49 12 75 34 f 13 … 37 81 63

99

Essential medicines

Private

2001–2007 … … … … 53.8 … … … 52.9 i … … … … … … … 17.9 … … … … … … … … … … m 20.5 46.7 n 92.7 … … … … … … 27.8 0.0 37.7 … 12.0 i … … … 0.0 … … … … …

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines e Public

Private

2001–2007 … … … … 69.2 … … … 88.0 75.0 … … … … … … 44.6 … … … … … … … … … … m 75.4 62.1 n 92.8 … … … … … … 80.0 70.0 72.4 … 4.0 80.0 … … 83.8 … … … … …

… … … … l … … … … 1.3 i … … … … … … … 2.4 … … … … … … … … … … l … 2.5 1.3 … … … … … … 0.9 4.8 2.0 … l … i … … … l … … … … … …

… … … … 28.3 … … … 2.2 2.7 … … … … … … 3.8 … … … … … … … … … … m 1.8 2.8 1.3 … … … … … … 10.5 3.7 3.3 … 15.7 2.6 … … 6.1 … … … … …

Table 6

Health workforce

6. Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Member State

Health workforce

Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007 Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

5 201 266 17 020 302 1 053 1 564 24 313 1 303 195 897 60 … 6 732 1 233 15 991 514 17 791 598 10 5 384 60 519 8 190 2 045 296 34 923 4 17 523 4 290 126 350 30 4 431 275 6 355 g 29 799 90 370 76 046 36 138 2 150 75 045 11 153 41 455 614 183 432 46 g 749 89 50 … 81 34 261

a

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

3 <1 7 9 1 39 5 1 11 20 6 … 26 20 5 <1 4 3 8 2 37 21 4 <1 3 20 38 17 8 16 15 1 11 g 12 12 20 34 26 16 27 19 43 1 11 g 52 8 3 … 5 14

100

5 661 7 264 43 380 886 8 338 2 411 152 1 893 4 604 88 678 250 … 8 826 3 436 24 328 6 183 49 341 6 145 63 11 825 2 197 33 249 5 862 2 818 210 306 22 75 326 9 500 47 380 120 8 158 2 841 10 261 g 17 108 480 910 199 622 48 155 4 880 83 333 26 029 90 698 1 214 292 3 647 198 g 331 447 310 … 308 74 114

Dentistry personnel Number

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

3 6 18 27 6 60 30 6 37 9 23 … 35 57 8 3 10 31 49 5 146 89 11 2 17 110 162 37 5 60 28 5 18 g 7 61 52 46 60 19 62 42 85 4 47 g 23 38 17 … 19 30

410 … 2 160 14 84 190 4 64 233 78 281 10 … 337 263 3 091 159 1 396 113 1 359 7 994 1 620 243 15 2 482 2 4 126 460 15 790 g 2 2 231 90 3 182 g 2 809 43 220 11 881 6 149 690 16 033 1 521 4 360 45 628 21 17 g 9 5 10 … 11 4 235

<1 … 1 <1 <1 5 1 <1 2 8 1 … 1 4 1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 5 4 <1 <1 <1 10 9 2 1 g 1 8 <1 6 g 1 6 3 6 9 3 4 2 3 <1 4 g 1 <1 1 … 1 2

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Community health workers Number

Other health service providers

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

385 … … 515 68 … … … 236 … … … … … … … 44 293 … … 16 206 … 5 259 … … 115 761 … … … 65 999 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 12 000 65 … 45 … … 150 …

a

Number

b

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

<1 … … 16 <1 … … … 2 … … … … … … … 9 … … 6 … 14 … … 9 … … … 4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14 16 … 4 … … 9 …

Hospital beds c (per 10 000 population)

1 007 779 2 880 827 1 223 790 2 664 2 135 285 532 20 … 12 083 111 10 696 3 782 11 440 1 606 10 5 631 2 842 81 344 … 1 067 8 254 1 3 046 3 248 37 034 g 1 7 062 … 17 432 … 137 148 21 971 10 320 1 100 50 623 2 834 73 482 1 624 990 1 465 83 … … 20 … 609 44 558

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicines d (%) Public

2000–2008 f

1 1 1 25 1 20 <1 2 17 29 2 … 47 2 3 2 2 8 8 2 2 212 … 1 1 5 7 13 2 g 1 24 … 30 … 18 6 10 14 11 7 34 114 2 20 … … 1 … 37 18

3 f 11 18 23 f 3 76 … f 4 f 30 16 33 … 61 35 9 f 8 6 f 33 35 2 48 62 10 f 3 f 5 52 40 20 10 50 22 … 13 j 12 13 52 35 25 86 52 65 97 f 16 57 29 35 20 … f 32 22

101

Essential medicines

Private

2001–2007 … … 25.0 … 81.0 … … … … … … … 100.0 … 0.0 … … … … … … … … … 26.2 … … … 3.3 … … … … 61.5 15.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines e Public

Private

2001–2007 … … 43.8 … 70.0 … … … … … … … 80.0 … 52.5 … … … … … … … … … 36.4 … … … 31.3 … … … … 60.9 26.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … l … … 1.8 … … … … … … … 2.6 … l … … … … … … … … … … 3.5 … … … l … … … … … 1.4 6.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … 6.6 … 5.4 … … … … … … … 4.2 … 11.1 … … … … … … … … … 4.3 … … … 2.3 … … … … 5.6 5.6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Table 6

Health workforce

6. Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Member State

Health workforce

Physicians Number

a

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

Dentistry personnel Number

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

594 19 581 121 162 6 380 16 868 4 723 60 g 310 34 829 135 300 10 479 11 083 191 171 29 190 28 812 10 342 13 267 22 435 5 187

1 20 15 <1 15 31 24 1 g <1 8 33 6 3 5 2 33 40 5 20 4 26

3 287 42 234 634 2 510 18 710 35 757 15 057 630 g 1 486 184 459 322 600 33 431 33 354 688 6 828 97 005 79 153 27 288 33 165 172 477 8 833

3 43 79 5 44 66 80 14 g 2 41 76 17 9 16 63 109 110 14 50 28 43

97 2 479 94 5 1 190 2 441 1 198 g 26 g 15 5 995 23 300 1 245 944 4 32 7 270 3 847 2 306 1 003 10 459 1 175

<1 3 12 <1 3 5 6 g 1 g <1 1 5 1 <1 <1 <1 8 5 1 2 2 6

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

79 225 30 g 1 004 13 330 116 014 12 210 10 2 209 143 728 4 960 126 126 822 730 801 12 384 70 564 30 48 000 44 960 6 739 1 264 2 086

1 <1 3 g 8 13 16 25 9 1 31 17 23 <1 26 37 27 1 19 6 3 1 2

1 795 1 937 350 g 3 653 28 537 217 685 23 026 50 18 969 388 444 10 340 g 740 731 13 292 2 669 603 2 880 290 162 360 28 000 61 810 13 746 22 010 9 357

22 4 34 g 29 29 29 47 46 7 85 35 g 128 4 94 9 109 17 11 8 7 20 7

45 19 10 g 107 2 452 23 798 703 2 363 19 169 850 25 914 267 463 663 3 936 5 194 … 13 680 … 850 491 310

1 <1 1 g 1 3 3 1 2 <1 4 3 10 <1 16 12 2 … 6 … <1 <1 <1

102

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Community health workers Number

a

Other health service providers

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

Number

b

Hospital beds c (per 10 000 population)

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicines d (%) Public

2000–2008 f

Essential medicines

Private

2001–2007

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines e Public

Private

2001–2007

… … … 558 … … … … … … … … 4 716 … 4 000 … … … … … …

… … … 1 … … … … … … … … 1 … 37 … … … … … …

1 560 1 884 232 480 1 280 2 637 905 g 28 g 8 71 850 39 900 5 405 30 347 … 1 573 5 885 4 269 11 864 680 71 528 908

2 2 29 1 3 5 5 g 1 g <1 16 9 3 8 … 15 7 6 6 1 12 5

1 41 f 57 f 4 32 68 48 15 … f 28 34 29 7 33 f 21 … 55 15 61 22 46

… … … … … … … … … i … … … p 51.4 … … … … i … 75.0 75.0 …

… … … … … … … … … o 71.7 … … p 77.2 … … … … 98.2 85.0 28.6 …

… … … … … … … … … i … … … p 4.2 … … … … i … 2.4 2.6 …

… … … … … … … … … o 6.5 … … p 4.8 … … … … 2.5 2.3 3.3 …

10 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2 542 … …

<1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 … …

1 731 2 032 4 … 18 534 24 740 8 772 2 7 560 22 257 1 200 g 1 205 694 33 438 5 039 244 … 828 … … 24 080 16 202 6 811 5 508

21 4 <1 … 19 3 18 2 3 5 4 g 208 9 177 … <1 … … 3 8 6 4

… f 9 29 27 18 27 43 56 f 10 87 19 39 f 11 31 j 29 47 37 j 9 27 7 f 20 f 30

… … … … 64.3 … … … 20.0 … 61.1 … 23.4 … … i … … … … 5.0 … …

… … … … 95.1 … … … 80.0 … 73.9 … 47.9 … … 82.5 … … … 90.0 … …

… … … … l … … … … l … … l … … 1.3 … … i … … … … 1.1 … …

… … … … 6.8 … … … 2.6 … 13.8 … 2.7 … … 2.0 … … … 3.5 … …

103

Table 6

Health workforce

6. Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines Member State

Health workforce

Physicians Number

a

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007

Dentistry personnel

Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007

Density (per 10 000 population) 2000–2007

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

4 1 862 630 5 201

<1 59 11

22 2 669 603 12 746

1 195 29

1 463 663 900

<1 16 2

150 708 1 620 329 849 324 2 816 481 532 486 2 435 023

2 19 5 32 10 14

792 361 4 095 757 1 955 203 6 659 394 734 949 3 413 921

11 49 12 79 15 20

23 964 900 702 92 759 434 972 84 033 318 082

1 11 1 5 2 2

499 544 3 442 424 1 763 142 2 699 197 8 404 351

4 10 22 27 13

1 166 992 4 910 074 3 299 914 8 274 390 17 651 585

10 15 42 86 28

45 019 416 931 461 253 931 294 1 854 512

1 1 6 10 3

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

104

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health workforce

Community health workers Number

Other health service providers

Density (per 10 000 population)

Number

2000–2007

Hospital beds c (per 10 000 population)

a

b

Density (per 10 000 population)

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicines d (%) Public

2000–2007

2000–2008

Essential medicines

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines e Public

2001–2007

Private

2001–2007

10 115 761 548

<1 37 2

1 5 039 244 2 767

<1 212 5

1 140 25

0.0 100.0 29.6

4.0 98.2 72.4

0.9 6.4 2.2

1.1 28.3 3.8

… … 132 612 … 98 648 …

… … 1 … 3 …

257 520 5 904 376 2 002 575 3 338 011 499 977 2 629 404

4 94 12 38 9 15

10 24 9 63 14 33

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

4 … … … …

354 686 4 247 963 2 682 050 7 347 149 14 631 863

3 13 37 77 24

12 16 42 59 25

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

… … … … …

Table 6

297 164 … … … …

105

Table 7

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health expenditure Globally in 2006, expenditure on health was about 8.7% of gross domestic product, with the highest level in the Americas at 12.8% and the lowest in the South-East Asia Region at 3.4%. This translates to about US$ 716 per capita on the average but there is tremendous variation ranging from a very low US$ 31 per capita in the South-East Asia Region to a high of US$ 2636 per capita in the Americas. The share of government in health spending varies from 76% in Europe to 34% in South-East Asia. Where government expenditure in health is low, the shortfall is made up in low-income countries by private spending, about 85% of which is out of pocket. This means that payment is made at the point of accessing health services. Such payment does not allow for pooling of risks and leads to a high probability of catastrophic payments that can result in poverty for the household. External resources are becoming a major source of health funding in low-income countries. From a share of 12% of total health expenditure in 2000, external resources represented 17% of low-income country health expenditure in 2006. Some low-income countries have two thirds of their total health expenditure funded by external resources. In these situations, predictability of aid is an important concern. These data are generated from sources that WHO has been collecting for over 10 years. The most comprehensive and consistent data on health financing are generated from national health accounts that collect expenditure information within an internationally recognized framework. National health accounts trace the financing as it flows from sources which provide the funds to agents who decide on the use of the funds to providers and beneficiaries of health services. Not all countries have or update national health accounts and, in these instances, data are obtained through technical contacts in country or from publicly available documents and reports. Missing values are estimated using various accounting techniques depending on the data available for each country. WHO sends all such estimates to the respective ministries of health every year for validation. 107

7. Health expenditure Member State

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 d,e,f

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra d Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia g Australia Austria h Azerbaijan i Bahamas f Bahrain j Bangladesh i Barbados Belarus k Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia j Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam l Bulgaria Burkina Faso d Burundi j, m Cambodia d Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia d Comoros Congo i, n Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia i Cuba l Cyprus k Czech Republic d,i,o Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo k Denmark Djibouti

6.1 6.4 3.5 7.6 2.4 4.8 8.9 6.4 8.3 9.9 4.8 6.5 4.0 3.3 6.2 6.4 9.1 5.0 4.6 5.2 6.1 7.0 4.8 7.2 2.5 6.2 5.1 4.1 5.8 4.6 8.8 4.6 3.8 6.3 6.2 4.6 7.7 2.8 2.1 3.8 6.5 5.3 9.1 6.7 5.7 6.5 3.6 3.7 8.3 5.8

2006 9.2 6.5 4.2 7.4 2.6 4.3 10.1 4.7 8.7 10.2 4.1 7.4 3.6 3.2 6.6 6.4 9.9 4.7 4.7 3.5 6.4 9.5 7.1 7.5 1.9 7.2 6.3 8.7 5.9 4.6 10.0 4.9 4.0 4.9 5.3 4.6 7.3 3.2 2.1 4.3 7.7 3.8 8.2 7.7 6.2 6.9 3.5 6.8 10.8 6.8

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b 2000

2006

3.1 36.3 73.3 65.0 79.9 69.0 55.4 17.7 67.1 76.8 18.1 47.6 67.5 26.5 65.5 76.6 71.8 48.0 47.6 73.6 60.1 51.8 63.7 40.0 83.5 58.7 39.6 13.2 22.5 22.5 70.4 73.5 41.4 42.5 48.7 38.3 80.9 54.1 57.7 90.6 76.8 24.8 86.1 90.9 41.6 90.3 85.9 1.1 82.4 67.8

32.4 37.3 81.1 70.4 86.8 67.3 45.5 41.2 67.7 75.9 26.1 48.7 68.2 31.8 63.4 74.9 72.5 54.7 50.2 72.1 62.8 55.2 76.5 47.9 80.7 56.7 56.9 8.6 26.0 21.2 70.4 78.3 38.3 53.9 52.7 40.7 85.4 55.1 71.7 91.5 68.4 23.6 86.1 91.6 44.8 88.0 85.6 18.7 85.9 74.1

108

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b

2000 96.9 63.7 26.7 35.0 20.1 31.0 44.6 82.3 32.9 23.2 81.9 52.4 32.5 73.5 34.5 23.4 28.2 52.0 52.4 26.4 39.9 48.2 36.3 60.0 16.5 41.3 60.4 86.8 77.5 77.5 29.6 26.5 58.6 57.5 51.3 61.7 19.1 45.9 42.3 9.4 23.2 75.2 13.9 9.1 58.4 9.7 14.1 98.9 17.6 32.2

2006 67.6 62.7 18.9 29.6 13.2 32.7 54.5 58.8 32.3 24.1 73.9 51.3 31.8 68.2 36.6 25.1 27.5 45.3 49.8 27.9 37.2 44.8 23.5 52.1 19.3 43.0 43.1 91.4 74.0 78.8 29.6 21.7 61.7 46.1 47.3 59.3 14.6 44.9 28.3 8.5 31.6 76.4 13.9 8.4 55.2 12.0 14.4 81.3 14.1 25.9

a

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 6.7 7.1 9.0 19.1 3.2 12.1 14.7 4.6 15.4 14.7 4.2 14.5 10.2 6.1 11.6 10.7 13.4 6.7 11.3 8.6 9.8 6.4 8.3 5.5 5.0 8.6 8.9 2.1 8.7 6.8 15.1 9.6 10.0 13.1 11.3 11.1 16.4 9.5 4.8 9.9 21.7 7.2 14.5 11.9 6.4 14.1 6.0 0.4 12.6 12.0

2006 6.2 8.7 11.9 22.7 5.0 10.4 14.2 9.7 17.0 15.7 3.9 14.3 9.5 7.0 11.9 10.2 14.8 9.0 10.8 7.6 11.6 12.3 17.8 7.2 5.3 11.2 15.8 2.4 10.8 6.7 17.8 11.1 10.9 13.8 14.1 9.9 17.0 8.4 5.4 11.5 21.5 4.2 16.4 11.2 6.4 13.8 6.0 5.8 18.0 13.4

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 1.0 6.0 0.1 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.0 8.5 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 19.4 4.0 0.1 0.0 2.9 16.0 27.1 6.0 10.1 0.5 0.5 … 2.0 13.9 21.8 9.4 4.1 0.0 13.5 22.9 24.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 29.7 4.6 2.2 1.0 4.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.7 0.0 32.6

2006 28.1 3.5 0.1 0.0 7.0 0.2 0.1 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 15.8 3.0 0.2 0.0 1.4 21.0 10.0 3.6 0.8 5.8 0.1 … 0.2 32.9 47.5 22.2 8.0 0.0 17.5 21.2 17.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 31.9 3.4 23.2 0.1 8.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 49.6 51.9 0.0 30.1

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 0.0 20.2 35.5 88.1 0.0 0.0 59.4 0.0 0.0 58.8 0.0 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 5.8 79.0 0.0 … 0.0 62.0 95.9 10.5 0.0 … 12.7 0.8 … 0.0 0.1 2.0 36.1 … … 67.2 57.2 60.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.6 … 97.6 0.0 0.0 89.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3

2006 0.0 30.2 26.7 87.7 0.0 0.0 58.5 0.0 0.0 59.1 0.0 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.7 81.6 8.8 … 0.0 75.8 93.4 5.2 0.0 … 65.2 0.2 … 0.0 0.1 2.0 28.6 … … 67.2 57.3 72.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.0 … 91.0 0.0 0.2 89.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

98.9 99.9 96.7 76.2 100.0 86.8 63.3 91.6 60.0 66.1 78.3 40.3 68.7 88.1 77.3 57.1 84.7 100.0 99.9 100.0 81.6 100.0 35.5 62.7 98.8 99.1 94.4 79.4 97.1 94.0 53.5 99.6 95.0 96.2 48.7 95.6 59.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.2 90.7 100.0 91.9 95.3 100.0 100.0 97.0 91.0 98.4

78.5 94.9 94.6 73.4 100.0 86.9 43.8 87.6 56.4 65.8 86.4 41.1 68.0 88.3 78.6 68.8 79.0 100.0 94.9 100.0 81.0 100.0 27.5 63.8 98.9 97.1 91.5 57.4 84.7 94.8 49.0 99.7 95.0 96.2 54.8 83.1 43.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 86.7 87.8 92.2 93.3 84.3 95.5 100.0 48.9 90.1 98.6

Health expenditure per capita

a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 0.0 0.0 3.1 21.6 0.0 13.2 32.6 … 21.9 20.7 0.3 58.6 25.4 0.0 22.7 0.1 12.3 … 0.1 0.0 8.1 … 3.9 33.9 0.6 0.0 1.0 … 0.0 … 38.9 0.4 … 0.4 51.3 1.0 41.0 0.0 … 0.0 2.3 9.3 … 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 … 9.0 1.6

2006 0.0 0.0 5.2 24.4 0.0 13.1 51.1 0.1 23.2 19.2 0.7 57.8 12.6 0.1 21.4 0.1 18.7 … 5.1 0.0 10.2 … 5.2 33.8 0.5 0.8 2.1 … 0.0 … 42.7 0.3 … 0.4 45.1 6.5 56.1 0.0 … 0.0 7.7 12.2 7.8 0.0 12.2 1.8 0.0 … 9.5 1.4

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

a

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

6 75 63 1 284 16 412 689 40 1 734 2 364 31 1 078 488 11 557 66 2 062 153 15 42 61 93 154 267 443 96 11 4 17 27 2 080 55 10 10 302 44 154 8 21 196 265 33 375 183 749 361 16 10 2 479 44

27 187 148 2 822 71 517 551 98 3 302 3 974 102 1 419 788 12 774 243 3 726 205 26 49 79 296 379 427 571 297 27 10 30 45 3 917 112 14 29 473 94 217 16 44 566 402 35 790 362 1 459 953 <1 10 5 447 63

… 239 188 1 905 56 599 814 130 2 271 2 858 104 1 361 820 27 916 328 13 229 50 132 192 282 374 506 1 036 377 41 12 51 75 2 514 97 25 49 572 109 370 21 56 436 467 84 839 353 1 973 980 1 8 2 379 90

91 381 315 2 980 115 823 1 205 226 3 119 3 608 254 1 872 … 37 1 208 623 4 332 61 140 257 616 815 674 941 744 73 31 96 94 3 673 139 27 72 689 216 464 27 74 810 779 63 1 169 674 2 754 1 511 1 19 3 773 133

<1 27 46 835 13 285 382 7 1 164 1 816 6 513 329 3 365 51 1 480 74 7 31 37 48 98 107 370 57 4 1 4 6 1 465 41 4 4 147 17 124 4 12 177 204 8 323 167 311 326 14 <1 2 044 30

9 70 120 1 987 62 348 251 41 2 237 3 014 27 691 537 4 490 182 2 701 112 13 36 49 163 290 204 460 169 15 1 8 10 2 759 88 5 16 249 38 185 9 31 517 275 8 680 332 653 839 <1 2 4 677 47

… 87 138 1 239 44 413 451 23 1 524 2 196 19 648 554 7 601 251 9 110 24 97 115 146 238 202 865 222 16 2 12 17 1 770 72 10 21 278 42 300 11 33 395 359 21 723 321 820 885 1 <1 1 961 61

29 142 255 2 099 100 555 549 93 2 113 2 737 66 912 … 12 765 466 3 182 31 101 161 340 624 323 759 421 41 3 25 20 2 587 109 11 39 363 88 396 15 53 741 533 15 1 006 617 1 232 1 329 1 4 3 239 98

109

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios

7. Health expenditure Member State

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 Dominica Dominican Republic p Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea l Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France d Gabon Gambia j Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary k Iceland India j Indonesia r Iran (Islamic Republic of) d,i,s Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan t Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho d Liberia d Libyan Arab Jamahiriya l Lithuania Luxembourg

5.9 6.3 4.2 5.6 8.0 1.9 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.7 7.0 10.1 4.5 4.4 7.4 10.3 7.2 7.9 6.4 5.5 5.3 7.0 5.5 6.3 5.4 6.9 9.6 4.3 1.6 5.9 1.5 6.3 7.8 8.1 6.2 7.7 9.4 4.2 4.5 12.1 3.1 4.7 3.2 6.0 10.9 6.2 3.7 3.7 6.5 5.8

2006 5.9 5.6 5.3 6.3 6.6 2.1 3.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 8.2 11.0 4.5 5.0 8.4 10.6 5.1 9.5 6.9 5.3 5.8 5.8 5.9 8.4 6.4 8.3 9.1 3.6 2.5 6.8 3.5 7.5 8.0 9.0 4.7 8.1 9.7 3.6 4.6 13.1 2.2 6.4 4.0 6.6 8.8 6.8 4.8 2.4 6.2 7.3

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b 2000

2006

69.0 34.5 31.2 40.1 45.2 50.7 49.7 77.5 53.6 69.0 73.4 79.4 67.9 44.6 16.7 79.7 41.4 60.0 68.3 39.8 12.4 14.3 84.5 40.3 55.9 70.7 81.0 21.8 38.3 37.0 26.9 73.5 62.8 72.5 52.6 81.3 46.5 51.0 48.2 88.0 78.1 44.3 32.5 54.4 30.0 51.0 17.8 61.7 69.7 89.3

63.0 37.0 43.6 41.4 61.8 80.4 45.9 73.3 59.3 69.8 76.0 79.7 73.0 56.8 21.5 76.9 34.2 62.0 63.5 37.7 14.1 26.3 85.8 67.6 47.8 70.9 82.0 25.0 50.5 50.7 78.1 78.3 56.0 77.2 53.1 81.3 43.3 64.3 47.8 86.9 78.2 43.0 18.6 59.2 44.3 58.9 25.8 66.3 70.0 90.9

110

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b

2000 31.0 65.5 68.8 59.9 54.8 49.3 50.3 22.5 46.4 31.0 26.6 20.6 32.1 55.4 83.3 20.3 58.6 40.0 31.7 60.2 87.6 85.7 15.5 59.7 44.1 29.3 19.0 78.2 61.7 63.0 73.1 26.5 37.2 27.5 47.4 18.7 53.5 49.0 51.8 12.0 21.9 55.7 67.5 45.6 70.0 49.0 82.2 38.3 30.3 10.7

2006 37.0 63.0 56.4 58.6 38.2 19.6 54.1 26.7 40.7 30.2 24.0 20.3 27.0 43.2 78.5 23.1 65.8 38.0 36.5 62.3 85.9 73.7 14.2 32.4 52.2 29.1 18.0 75.0 49.5 49.3 21.9 21.7 44.0 22.8 46.9 18.7 56.7 35.7 52.2 13.1 21.8 57.0 81.4 40.8 55.7 41.1 74.2 33.7 30.0 9.1

a

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 8.6 15.9 6.4 7.5 14.3 7.8 4.0 11.3 8.5 10.3 10.6 15.5 14.0 8.8 6.4 18.2 10.8 8.6 13.2 16.7 4.0 2.3 10.0 23.3 15.1 10.5 18.4 3.3 3.8 9.6 1.3 14.7 10.2 12.7 6.6 16.0 10.3 9.2 11.6 8.7 8.8 8.3 5.1 8.8 7.8 6.5 4.4 7.2 11.6 13.9

2006 7.8 10.4 7.3 7.3 15.7 6.9 4.2 11.1 10.0 8.4 12.7 16.7 14.0 11.2 5.6 17.9 4.4 11.6 9.0 14.7 4.7 4.0 9.0 29.8 15.0 11.3 18.0 3.4 6.2 11.5 3.4 17.2 9.9 14.2 4.2 17.9 8.7 10.4 9.7 7.8 4.9 8.7 3.7 10.8 11.3 8.2 9.8 5.4 12.9 17.1

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 3.7 2.0 4.1 1.0 0.9 9.6 24.7 0.9 16.4 6.2 0.0 0.0 1.5 29.5 5.1 0.0 9.5 … … 3.4 9.0 41.0 4.2 31.2 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.6 10.8 0.0 24.8 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.8 0.0 4.6 7.4 8.3 26.4 0.0 9.9 30.3 0.5 2.1 3.1 13.9 0.0 1.7 0.0

2006 0.8 1.9 0.7 0.8 3.2 3.5 37.6 0.6 42.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 34.7 6.7 0.0 22.6 … 0.8 1.0 11.8 33.4 27.4 65.8 5.4 … 0.0 1.0 2.2 0.1 13.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 1.7 0.0 4.7 0.3 14.9 0.4 0.0 10.0 12.9 0.2 1.9 14.3 50.7 0.0 1.8 0.0

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 0.0 17.0 28.0 23.8 44.2 0.0 0.0 88.2 0.0 0.0 19.5 84.1 2.0 0.0 44.0 87.3 … 46.0 0.0 52.3 1.8 5.3 0.0 0.0 14.3 83.9 33.4 5.8 7.4 42.3 … 1.2 72.4 0.1 0.0 80.9 0.6 0.0 10.9 0.0 0.0 10.0 1.4 87.7 52.1 0.0 0.0 … 88.3 82.6

2006 0.0 27.1 41.4 26.4 47.7 0.0 0.0 83.9 0.0 0.0 19.6 93.6 1.8 0.0 51.5 87.9 … 50.8 0.0 45.4 1.5 3.0 0.0 … 15.8 84.8 33.5 4.9 17.3 41.0 … 0.9 72.3 0.1 0.0 78.7 0.5 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 20.9 11.5 88.1 53.1 0.0 0.0 … 84.5 77.3

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

88.9 71.9 85.3 94.1 94.6 89.2 100.0 88.5 79.1 79.1 78.8 34.4 100.0 85.3 93.4 55.1 79.6 94.5 100.0 89.7 99.5 53.0 100.0 84.3 85.4 89.8 100.0 92.1 63.0 95.9 100.0 41.0 78.5 89.1 65.0 90.1 74.7 99.0 80.1 100.0 93.9 89.3 91.8 96.8 80.1 73.1 66.0 100.0 86.2 65.2

81.1 64.3 85.6 94.9 88.9 75.6 100.0 93.3 80.6 79.1 77.6 33.2 100.0 71.2 91.9 57.1 77.8 94.8 95.4 91.4 99.5 55.8 100.0 89.6 87.1 77.6 100.0 91.4 70.4 94.8 100.0 57.2 75.3 88.5 63.7 80.8 75.9 98.4 80.0 100.0 91.6 94.1 76.1 97.2 76.1 68.9 65.7 100.0 98.3 70.7

Health expenditure per capita

a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 11.1 18.7 4.8 0.4 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 15.0 9.8 61.5 … 3.7 0.5 40.8 6.1 5.5 … 4.2 0.0 0.0 … … 7.3 0.6 0.0 1.0 8.3 3.2 … 28.5 10.4 3.2 30.0 1.7 5.5 0.1 7.1 0.0 6.1 … 0.0 3.2 17.3 … 0.0 0.0 0.3 10.1

2006 18.9 23.5 5.7 0.2 11.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.0 15.0 9.1 63.0 … 4.6 1.4 39.7 6.0 5.2 … 3.1 0.0 0.0 … … 7.3 4.5 0.0 1.1 8.4 4.4 … 38.6 14.4 4.1 32.0 13.7 7.4 0.1 6.9 0.0 8.4 … 0.4 2.2 19.9 … 0.0 0.0 1.3 18.7

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

a

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

235 172 54 82 169 51 9 219 5 98 1 639 2 193 193 13 48 2 371 18 919 261 95 20 11 53 26 62 326 2 940 19 12 65 18 1 723 1 557 1 547 189 2 827 166 51 18 70 523 13 11 197 485 28 7 237 212 2 708

275 206 166 92 181 440 8 632 7 139 3 232 3 937 351 15 147 3 718 33 2 280 333 143 20 12 72 42 99 929 4 994 29 39 215 62 3 871 1 675 2 813 180 2 759 238 190 29 121 803 35 24 582 494 51 7 219 547 6 506

387 333 202 208 351 160 33 521 19 160 1 794 2 542 552 39 153 2 670 65 1 449 388 218 47 34 116 61 138 852 2 738 63 37 387 84 1 950 1 845 2 061 313 1 967 302 198 51 154 903 62 41 456 801 65 14 385 543 3 137

487 379 379 320 360 633 19 958 26 164 2 656 3 420 628 57 337 3 465 76 2 547 485 267 65 29 144 89 226 1 492 3 207 86 82 678 146 3 106 2 034 2 631 307 2 581 435 352 67 230 956 115 80 1 018 859 98 15 355 981 5 494

162 59 17 33 77 26 5 169 3 68 1 203 1 740 131 6 8 1 890 7 551 179 38 2 2 45 10 35 231 2 383 4 5 24 5 1 267 978 1 122 99 2 298 77 26 9 61 408 6 3 107 145 14 1 146 148 2 418

173 76 73 38 112 353 4 464 4 97 2 455 3 139 256 9 32 2 858 11 1 414 212 54 3 3 62 29 47 659 4 093 7 20 109 49 3 030 938 2 172 95 2 242 103 122 14 105 628 15 4 345 219 30 2 145 383 5 912

267 115 63 84 159 81 16 404 10 110 1 316 2 018 375 18 26 2 127 27 869 265 87 6 5 98 25 77 602 2 219 14 14 143 23 1 434 1 159 1 495 164 1 598 141 101 25 135 705 27 13 248 240 33 3 238 378 2 800

307 140 165 132 223 509 9 702 16 114 2 018 2 727 458 32 73 2 664 26 1 580 308 101 9 8 124 60 108 1 058 2 628 22 42 344 114 2 431 1 138 2 031 163 2 097 188 227 32 200 748 50 15 603 381 57 4 235 687 4 992

111

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios

7. Health expenditure Member State

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 Madagascar Malawi Malaysia j Maldives Mali Malta i Marshall Islands d Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) d Monaco Mongolia u Montenegro Morocco Mozambique v Myanmar Namibia i Nauru j Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria i Niue Norway Oman Pakistan i, j Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines k Poland Portugal f Qatar Republic of Korea q Republic of Moldova l Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines j Samoa San Marino f Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

2.7 6.1 3.2 5.8 6.3 6.8 20.3 2.8 3.8 5.6 8.4 3.0 5.8 7.8 4.2 4.8 2.1 7.0 11.3 5.1 8.0 8.1 7.1 3.5 5.0 8.0 8.4 3.1 2.4 9.5 7.8 4.0 9.2 4.7 3.4 5.5 8.8 2.3 4.5 5.9 5.3 5.4 4.2 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.6 7.5 6.3 4.0

2006 3.2 12.9 4.3 8.1 5.8 8.4 14.4 2.2 3.9 6.6 13.3 4.5 5.7 8.3 5.3 5.0 2.2 5.4 13.8 5.1 9.4 9.3 9.6 5.9 3.8 13.6 8.7 2.3 2.0 10.5 7.3 3.2 7.6 4.4 3.8 6.2 10.2 4.3 6.4 9.4 4.5 5.3 10.9 5.8 6.3 5.6 5.0 7.2 6.3 3.3

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b 2000

2006

54.5 43.8 52.4 70.8 32.9 72.5 98.0 71.2 52.0 46.6 93.9 75.3 67.3 71.6 29.4 68.5 13.4 68.9 72.7 24.9 63.1 79.1 51.5 54.5 33.5 98.2 82.5 82.3 20.0 89.1 68.1 81.7 40.2 53.0 47.6 70.0 72.5 68.8 48.8 50.3 67.3 59.9 39.2 60.3 58.5 63.9 70.9 85.8 80.5 76.4

62.8 69.0 44.6 79.7 49.6 77.0 97.4 69.5 51.1 44.2 96.0 74.1 73.7 71.9 26.2 70.8 13.1 66.7 67.3 30.5 80.0 77.8 48.2 54.7 29.7 98.6 83.6 82.3 16.4 80.8 68.8 82.0 38.3 58.3 32.9 70.0 70.5 78.2 55.7 46.9 76.9 63.2 42.5 61.3 57.8 62.4 83.0 85.4 85.0 77.0

112

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b

2000 45.5 56.2 47.6 29.2 67.1 27.5 2.0 28.8 48.0 53.4 6.1 24.7 32.7 28.4 70.6 31.5 86.6 31.1 27.3 75.1 36.9 20.9 48.5 45.5 66.5 1.8 17.5 17.7 80.0 10.9 31.9 18.3 59.8 47.0 52.4 30.0 27.5 31.2 51.2 49.7 32.7 40.1 60.8 39.7 41.5 36.1 29.1 14.2 19.5 23.6

2006 37.2 31.0 55.4 20.3 50.4 23.0 2.6 30.5 48.9 55.8 4.0 25.9 26.3 28.1 73.8 29.2 86.9 33.3 32.7 69.5 20.0 22.2 51.8 45.3 70.3 1.4 16.4 17.7 83.6 19.2 31.2 18.0 61.7 41.7 67.1 30.0 29.5 21.8 44.3 53.1 23.1 36.8 57.5 38.7 42.2 37.6 17.0 14.6 15.0 23.0

a

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 8.4 7.3 6.2 10.9 9.5 12.0 21.1 6.5 8.7 12.5 10.5 17.4 10.7 14.4 4.0 13.9 1.2 13.1 11.2 7.7 11.4 16.4 12.9 10.9 4.2 6.3 16.4 7.3 1.8 11.3 21.3 9.9 17.5 12.1 7.0 9.4 14.9 5.6 9.3 8.7 9.2 9.6 8.2 9.5 11.7 10.8 10.8 20.4 7.6 9.2

2006 9.3 17.1 7.0 9.2 12.2 14.7 14.7 5.3 9.4 11.8 18.9 15.6 12.7 13.5 4.8 12.5 1.5 10.5 38.1 9.2 16.4 18.4 17.0 17.8 3.5 10.8 17.9 5.4 1.3 11.3 11.5 7.3 13.2 13.8 6.1 9.9 15.5 9.7 11.7 11.0 7.9 10.8 18.8 9.5 10.9 9.3 10.5 13.8 10.3 8.7

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 27.3 26.9 0.6 3.3 7.8 0.0 11.4 23.6 1.4 1.0 38.4 0.0 23.1 … 0.8 32.5 1.1 3.8 9.8 15.2 0.0 0.0 8.4 40.0 16.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 14.4 1.0 23.8 2.8 2.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 5.6 0.2 52.0 5.3 0.4 0.2 17.3 0.0 27.5 0.0

2006 49.4 59.6 0.0 0.4 17.6 0.0 66.1 18.0 1.0 0.0 57.1 0.0 1.5 1.3 2.5 60.3 11.2 21.1 0.0 15.7 0.0 0.0 7.7 32.8 5.9 66.3 0.0 0.0 3.2 12.9 0.2 11.2 0.8 1.5 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.1 52.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 50.5 0.0

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 … 0.0 0.6 0.0 … 0.0 35.0 0.0 … 67.6 21.4 98.5 24.5 98.8 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 93.9 0.0 16.2 … 0.0 0.0 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 53.0 42.9 14.7 82.6 1.3 0.0 79.3 0.0 89.4 40.3 6.4 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.3 100.0 0.0 …

2006 … 0.0 0.8 0.0 … 0.0 12.3 0.0 … 60.2 22.2 98.4 50.0 97.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 95.1 0.0 23.9 … 0.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7 0.0 35.3 39.7 25.8 83.9 1.2 0.0 77.3 75.0 85.0 42.3 4.1 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.7 84.4 0.0 …

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

52.8 42.4 75.4 97.1 99.1 96.9 100.0 100.0 74.6 95.3 100.0 83.1 36.2 100.0 76.6 40.9 99.2 18.2 24.4 91.2 24.3 69.9 90.2 87.6 92.7 100.0 95.5 65.1 98.2 100.0 81.3 56.0 88.6 79.4 77.2 100.0 80.8 84.5 81.5 97.9 100.0 74.7 40.7 94.2 95.4 100.0 81.3 94.8 100.0 28.3

52.5 28.4 73.2 97.5 99.5 90.4 100.0 100.0 80.6 93.9 100.0 83.6 44.0 100.0 77.3 40.6 99.4 15.7 84.4 85.2 29.3 74.6 98.1 96.5 90.4 100.0 95.2 57.7 97.9 40.3 80.6 41.5 87.7 77.5 83.5 85.4 77.3 88.2 81.0 97.7 96.8 81.5 38.6 94.6 93.8 100.0 76.1 95.7 100.0 13.4

Health expenditure per capita

a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 10.8 9.1 11.9 0.0 0.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 8.3 4.7 0.0 16.9 0.0 … 23.4 0.6 0.0 77.3 0.0 0.1 43.0 28.5 5.9 11.3 5.1 0.0 0.0 20.2 … 0.0 18.7 5.5 10.9 17.2 11.1 0.8 11.1 … 8.4 … 0.0 8.1 0.9 5.8 4.6 … 0.0 5.2 0.0 42.4

2006 10.7 15.7 14.4 0.0 0.5 8.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 6.1 0.0 16.4 0.0 … 22.7 0.6 0.0 79.1 0.0 0.4 28.7 21.2 1.4 3.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 22.9 … 43.3 19.2 6.3 11.3 19.0 9.7 1.9 13.8 … 7.6 0.4 1.7 10.2 9.2 5.4 6.2 … 0.0 4.3 0.0 52.1

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

a

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

7 9 128 132 17 641 418 12 146 327 170 3 775 26 114 54 11 3 127 375 12 1 925 1 109 55 5 17 323 3 156 254 12 594 306 26 122 98 34 247 970 659 494 21 87 95 9 387 251 164 74 2 154 21 362

9 21 259 245 31 1 308 358 19 230 527 284 6 353 70 348 113 16 5 174 758 17 3 872 2 421 92 16 33 1 043 6 267 332 16 811 380 29 117 149 52 555 1 864 2 759 1 168 90 256 367 33 570 350 230 117 3 527 49 492

21 38 289 170 52 2 864 580 40 302 507 216 4 377 108 442 109 21 11 243 940 40 2 337 1 686 133 16 59 496 3 039 461 40 1 046 560 64 309 232 80 583 1 509 1 259 747 86 320 410 24 541 429 282 155 2 870 … 692

28 62 544 422 67 4 223 520 41 488 778 375 5 585 164 718 207 36 24 261 1 214 52 3 481 2 448 235 38 59 1 261 4 519 526 47 1 402 738 62 312 316 120 919 2 199 … 1 467 242 472 698 89 768 594 393 193 3 238 95 720

4 4 67 93 5 465 410 8 76 152 160 2 843 17 81 16 8 <1 88 273 3 1 214 877 28 3 6 317 2 603 209 2 529 208 21 49 52 16 173 704 454 241 10 59 57 4 233 147 105 52 1 849 17 276

6 14 115 195 15 1 008 349 13 118 233 273 4 706 52 250 30 11 1 116 510 5 3 097 1 884 44 9 10 1 028 5 241 273 3 655 262 24 45 87 17 389 1 315 2 157 651 42 197 232 14 350 202 144 97 3 011 42 379

11 17 151 120 17 2 075 568 28 157 236 202 3 297 73 316 32 15 1 167 684 10 1 474 1 333 69 9 20 487 2 507 380 8 932 381 52 124 123 38 408 1 095 866 364 43 215 246 9 326 251 180 110 2 463 … 529

18 43 242 336 33 3 254 506 29 250 344 360 4 137 121 516 54 26 3 174 816 16 2 785 1 906 113 21 18 1 243 3 779 433 8 1 133 507 51 119 184 39 643 1 552 … 817 113 363 441 38 471 343 245 161 2 764 81 554

113

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios

7. Health expenditure Member State

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 Senegal u, w Serbia Seychelles d Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands d, f Somalia South Africa k Spain j Sri Lanka d Sudan Suriname Swaziland k Sweden k Switzerland x Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan j Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia y, z

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey d Turkmenistan i Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia d,f,i Zimbabwe

2006

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b 2000

2006

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b

2000

2006

a

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000

2006

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000

2006

4.3 7.1 5.3 4.9 3.5 5.5 8.4 5.2 … 8.1 7.2 3.6 3.0 8.0 6.1 8.2 10.3 4.8 4.6 3.4 7.6

5.8 8.2 6.3 4.0 3.3 7.1 8.4 5.1 … 8.0 8.4 4.2 3.8 6.2 6.3 9.2 10.8 3.9 5.0 3.5 8.0

36.9 67.4 75.3 43.0 36.2 89.4 74.0 91.6 … 42.4 71.6 47.9 26.3 48.8 58.6 84.9 55.6 40.4 20.4 56.1 70.9

56.9 69.7 75.1 36.4 33.1 70.6 72.2 91.5 … 37.7 71.2 47.5 36.8 42.6 65.8 81.7 59.1 47.8 22.5 64.5 70.6

63.1 32.6 24.7 57.0 63.8 10.6 26.0 8.4 … 57.6 28.4 52.1 73.7 51.2 41.4 15.1 44.4 59.6 79.6 43.9 29.1

43.1 30.3 24.9 63.6 66.9 29.4 27.8 8.5 … 62.3 28.8 52.5 63.2 57.4 34.2 18.3 40.9 52.2 77.5 35.5 29.4

8.5 12.9 8.4 7.6 6.2 9.7 13.1 17.9 … 10.9 13.2 6.8 7.2 9.7 11.6 12.6 17.1 6.5 4.9 10.0 15.8

12.0 12.9 8.8 7.8 6.7 13.5 13.5 14.1 … 9.1 15.5 8.3 5.8 8.0 11.2 13.8 18.5 6.0 5.0 11.3 16.5

17.4 1.1 5.6 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 14.8 … 0.3 0.0 0.3 4.8 10.9 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.3 0.0 3.2

12.3 0.8 3.4 33.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 … 0.9 0.0 1.1 6.5 8.1 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 6.3 0.3 1.1

8.8 4.8 5.5 3.9 5.6 4.9 4.8 13.4 6.6 6.0 3.2 7.1 3.9 13.2 10.5 5.8 4.1 6.0 5.4 4.5 5.7 8.3

17.7 6.0 4.9 4.4 5.1 4.8 3.8 11.4 7.0 6.9 2.5 8.2 6.4 15.3 8.2 4.7 4.1 4.9 6.6 4.5 6.2 9.3

70.9 29.9 72.4 42.8 48.5 62.9 74.2 92.3 26.8 48.0 76.6 80.9 40.4 43.7 33.4 44.9 67.0 53.1 30.1 41.9 51.3 43.1

86.0 21.2 74.6 56.5 44.2 72.5 66.5 92.7 25.4 55.4 70.4 87.3 57.8 45.8 43.5 50.2 65.0 49.5 32.3 46.0 60.7 48.7

29.1 70.1 27.6 57.2 51.5 37.1 25.8 7.7 73.2 52.0 23.4 19.1 59.6 56.3 66.6 55.1 33.0 46.9 69.9 58.1 48.7 56.9

14.0 78.8 25.4 43.5 55.8 27.5 33.5 7.3 74.6 44.6 29.6 12.7 42.2 54.2 56.5 49.8 35.0 50.5 67.7 54.0 39.3 51.3

12.7 8.0 15.2 5.7 6.8 9.8 14.9 5.9 7.3 8.4 7.6 14.7 8.9 19.5 10.3 6.3 9.8 10.9 6.6 6.2 9.4 7.3

16.6 5.8 10.6 7.6 6.7 10.6 14.9 16.1 8.9 8.8 8.7 16.3 13.7 19.3 9.2 8.0 10.9 9.3 6.4 5.6 16.4 8.9

52.7 6.6 26.5 4.7 0.9 0.1 1.2 40.6 28.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 26.7 0.0 0.1 1.1 2.4 0.6 2.5 8.2 17.8 1.6

44.9 12.3 34.4 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.1 4.0 31.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 43.9 0.0 0.5 1.7 8.8 0.1 2.2 24.8 38.1 17.3

114

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000

2006

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

Health expenditure per capita

a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

a

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

2000

2006

17.9 92.4 5.0 0.0 4.8 94.4 93.9 0.0 … 3.3 9.6 0.3 9.3 40.7 0.0 0.0 72.6 0.0 0.0 9.4 97.5

4.0 93.0 3.8 0.0 17.7 89.5 92.9 0.0 … 4.3 7.3 0.1 12.0 42.8 0.0 0.0 72.6 0.0 0.0 12.4 93.3

91.7 85.2 63.0 75.2 97.0 100.0 44.1 66.7 … 18.9 83.1 83.3 100.0 44.0 42.4 91.1 74.1 100.0 99.0 76.9 100.0

77.0 87.9 62.5 56.4 93.8 79.8 42.5 66.7 … 17.5 74.7 86.7 100.0 51.1 41.4 87.9 75.3 100.0 96.6 76.6 100.0

7.1 … 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 51.0 0.0 … 75.6 13.7 12.2 … 0.8 18.9 1.2 23.6 0.0 0.0 12.8 …

19.5 … 0.0 3.7 2.9 0.0 47.1 0.0 … 77.7 20.9 9.1 … 0.8 18.5 1.6 22.3 0.0 0.0 15.6 …

20 68 401 7 803 208 710 42 … 237 1 036 33 11 162 80 2 280 3 582 58 6 69 136

44 336 565 12 1 017 735 1 607 44 … 425 2 328 62 37 250 155 3 973 5 660 66 21 113 249

54 411 742 17 1 151 603 1 447 80 … 519 1 536 99 37 369 207 2 283 3 265 159 41 172 470

92 773 931 29 1 536 1 279 2 063 100 … 715 2 466 171 72 391 300 3 162 4 179 164 81 264 630

7 46 302 3 291 186 525 39 … 100 742 16 3 79 47 1 936 1 992 23 1 39 96

25 234 424 4 337 520 1 161 40 … 160 1 658 30 14 106 102 3 245 3 347 31 5 73 176

20 277 558 7 417 539 1 070 73 … 220 1 100 47 10 180 121 1 938 1 816 64 8 97 334

52 539 699 11 509 903 1 490 91 … 270 1 757 81 27 167 197 2 583 2 471 78 18 170 444

0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 26.7 55.5 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.1 50.0 0.0 0.0 19.5 19.7 … 0.0 0.0

0.0 17.3 0.0 0.0 25.2 53.8 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 28.7 47.8 0.0 0.0 20.0 38.8 … 0.0 0.0

43.4 86.6 82.5 86.3 81.7 74.6 100.0 11.5 56.7 90.1 69.4 69.5 80.0 26.6 25.9 97.0 50.0 87.0 91.7 94.8 80.5 48.0

37.2 84.2 84.2 88.0 81.7 84.2 100.0 15.6 51.0 88.8 69.4 91.7 54.3 23.5 31.1 97.1 50.0 88.6 90.2 95.2 67.2 50.3

0.0 5.4 9.6 7.2 16.6 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 20.2 16.7 4.3 62.7 74.1 0.0 7.5 3.7 4.1 … 0.7 34.1

0.0 4.3 3.7 6.9 16.6 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.2 20.2 7.8 7.7 66.4 68.9 0.0 7.5 3.6 2.6 … 3.7 28.8

34 11 87 243 114 194 53 162 15 39 697 1 782 11 4 570 635 32 53 290 21 24 18 48

52 21 114 600 156 352 146 280 24 160 1 018 3 332 23 6 719 476 30 67 332 46 40 58 38

68 32 163 … 271 432 … 324 45 198 1 263 1 846 30 4 570 818 83 127 510 75 84 52 <1

109 46 181 … 355 584 … 434 71 433 1 409 2 815 72 6 719 833 102 125 540 151 102 79 …

24 3 63 104 55 122 39 149 4 19 534 1 441 4 1 997 212 14 35 154 6 10 9 21

45 4 85 339 69 255 97 259 6 89 717 2 908 13 3 076 207 15 44 164 15 18 35 18

48 9 118 … 131 272 … 299 12 95 967 1 493 12 1 997 274 37 85 271 23 35 26 <1

94 10 135 … 157 423 … 402 18 240 992 2 457 42 3 076 362 51 81 267 49 47 48 …

115

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios

7. Health expenditure Member State

Health expenditure ratios

Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000

2006

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b 2000

2006

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b

2000

2006

a

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000

2006

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000

2006

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

1.5 20.3 5.7

1.9 17.7 6.2

1.1 98.2 56.9

8.6 98.6 62.8

1.8 98.9 43.1

1.4 91.4 37.2

0.4 23.3 9.7

1.3 38.1 10.7

0.0 52.7 2.5

0.0 66.3 1.7

5.5 11.3 3.6 8.0 4.3 6.0

5.5 12.8 3.4 8.4 4.5 6.1

44.8 45.7 28.0 73.6 47.1 63.9

47.1 47.7 33.6 75.6 50.9 61.0

55.2 54.3 72.0 25.8 52.9 36.1

52.9 52.3 66.4 24.4 49.1 39.0

8.2 16.3 4.2 13.7 7.0 13.7

8.7 16.8 4.7 14.8 7.3 13.8

6.8 0.1 2.4 0.2 1.2 0.2

10.7 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.0 0.2

4.2 4.5 6.1 10.0 8.2

4.3 4.5 6.3 11.2 8.7

33.3 39.2 52.9 59.8 56.6

36.2 43.2 55.1 60.7 57.6

66.7 60.8 47.1 40.0 43.3

63.8 56.8 44.8 39.3 42.4

5.4 7.9 9.1 16.0 13.7

5.9 8.2 9.8 17.1 14.3

11.7 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.3

16.9 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.4

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

116

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health expenditure ratios

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000

2006

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

Health expenditure per capita

a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2006

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000

2006

Per capita total expenditure on health c (PPP int. $) 2000

2006

a

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on health c (PPP int. $)

2000

2006

2000

2006

0.0 100.0 2.0

0.0 98.4 2.9

11.5 100.0 88.2

13.4 100.0 85.3

0.0 77.3 4.2

0.0 79.1 5.2

3 4 570 98

<1 6 719 211

<1 4 570 282

1 6 719 377

<1 2 843 60

<1 5 912 114

<1 3 297 143

1 4 992 212

8.2 32.2 6.3 50.0 15.0 65.6

7.6 27.7 8.5 49.2 19.7 63.1

55.9 33.7 88.7 68.6 88.0 88.9

49.8 30.6 88.3 70.8 87.0 80.7

36.2 56.7 2.5 22.4 7.4 4.2

39.6 60.4 2.8 22.1 8.1 9.3

33 1 799 19 936 69 290

58 2 636 31 1 756 116 361

83 1 935 58 1 197 184 297

111 2 788 85 1 719 259 461

15 815 6 704 36 212

27 1 252 11 1 350 65 246

37 885 16 881 87 190

52 1 329 29 1 299 132 282

3.4 38.7 41.3 45.1 43.9

7.0 40.3 40.4 41.6 41.1

89.9 91.4 70.4 39.3 51.5

85.4 85.7 70.0 36.2 49.3

2.6 3.3 23.6 50.5 39.5

14 38 235 2 629 473

22 74 412 4 012 716

39 106 480 2 691 555

57 181 707 3 848 790

5 15 121 1 574 276

8 33 225 2 470 429

13 42 254 1 608 314

21 78 389 2 335 455

Table 7

2.8 5.9 25.7 54.3 42.0

117

Table 8

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Health inequities In general, global reporting of health indicators focuses on national averages. However, data on the distribution of health within countries and between population subgroups are equally important. Such data help to identify health inequities – unfair and avoidable differences in health – that arise from factors such as socioeconomic status (education, occupation and household wealth or income), geographical location, ethnicity and sex. This section presents data using three health indicators − births attended by skilled health personnel, measles immunization coverage among 1-year-old children, and under-5 mortality − disaggregated according to urban or rural residence, household wealth and maternal educational level. The evidence from 90 countries that have the necessary data shows that in many countries there are significant inequities. For example, in half the countries, child mortality rates are at least 1.4 times higher in rural areas compared with urban areas and at least 1.9 times higher among the poorest 20% of households compared with the richest 20% of households. In 64% of countries, the proportion of births attended by skilled personnel is at least 20% higher in urban than in rural areas. There appears to be less inequity in measles immunization; the urban–rural difference is 20% or higher in only 10% of countries. The main source of these data are Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. For the disaggregations by household wealth, the total population is grouped into wealth quintiles based on relative differences in household wealth within the country, not on an absolute wealth criterion. The estimates are subject to normal sample variability which is usually indicated by confidence intervals. However, only point estimates are shown in this table. The data presented refer to ratios and differences between the most advantaged and least advantaged groups. More complex measures are needed to reflect the situation across all population groups such as the middle household wealth or education groups. Work is under way to reach consensus around the conceptual and statistical issues involved in constructing and interpreting these inequity measures. 119

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5 Births

attended by skilled health personnel

2006 2004

2005 1996 2005

2006

2007 2006

Difference highest–lowest

2005 2004

Ratio highest–lowest

2003

Highest

1996

Lowest

2003 2006

Difference highest–lowest

2006 2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2005

Highest

2004

Lowest

2006

Difference urban–rural

2005

Ratio urban–rural

2005 2006

Education level of mother e

Urban

Afghanistan f Albania f Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina g Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados f Belarus Belgium f Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia f Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde f Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia h Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica f Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark f Djibouti

Wealth quintile

(%)

Rural

Place of residence

a,b

… 100 92 … … … … 98 … … 81 … … 9 … 100 … 93 74 … 39 100 … 73 … … 31 … 39 44 … … 35 6 … … 77 43 74 … … 40 … … … … … 63 … 40

… 100 98 … … … … 99 … … 97 … … 30 … 100 … 99 86 … 78 100 … 92 … … 88 … 70 84 … … 83 46 … … 97 79 97 … … 84 … … … … … 91 … 95

… 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.2 … … 3.3 … 1.0 … 1.1 1.2 … 2.0 1.0 … 1.3 … … 2.9 … 1.8 1.9 … … 2.4 7.1 … … 1.3 1.8 1.3 … … 2.1 … … … … … 1.4 … 2.3

… 0 6 … … … … 1 … … 16 … … 21 … 0 … 7 12 … 39 0 … 19 … … 57 … 31 40 … … 48 39 … … 20 36 23 … … 44 … … … … … 28 … 54

… 99 … … … … … 93 … … 78 … … 3 … 100 … … 56 … 34 99 … 72 … … 39 … 21 29 … … 27 4 … … 72 26 70 … … 29 … … … … … 59 … …

… 100 … … … … … 100 … … 100 … … 40 … 100 … … 97 … 99 100 … 99 … … 91 … 90 95 … … 89 55 … … 99 85 98 … … 95 … … … … … 98 … …

… 1.0 … … … … … 1.1 … … 1.3 … … 11.6 … 1.0 … … 1.7 … 2.9 1.0 … 1.4 … … 2.3 … 4.3 3.2 … … 3.3 15.4 … … 1.4 3.2 1.4 … … 3.3 … … … … … 1.7 … …

… 1 … … … … … 7 … … 22 … … 36 … 0 … … 42 … 65 0 … 27 … … 52 … 69 65 … … 62 52 … … 27 59 28 … … 66 … … … … … 39 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 83 … … 4 … … … … 72 … 30 … … 66 … … 33 … 22 23 … … 34 9 … … 67 41 62 … … 47 … … … … … 59 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 89 … … 28 … … … … 98 … 90 … … 95 … … 95 … 80 92 … … 88 67 … … 97 83 93 … … 87 … … … … … 89 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 1.1 … … 6.5 … … … … 1.4 … 3.0 … … 1.4 … … 2.9 … 3.6 4.0 … … 2.6 7.2 … … 1.4 2.0 1.5 … … 1.8 … … … … … 1.5 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 5 … … 24 … … … … 26 … 60 … … 29 … … 62 … 58 69 … … 55 57 … … 30 42 30 … … 40 … … … … … 29 … …

120

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

… … … … … … … … … … 55 … … 88 … … … … 82 … 74 … … 91 … … 80 … 91 79 … … … 54 … … 86 76 75 … … 95 … … … … … 77 … …

Difference lowest–highest

… … … … … … … … … … 46 … … 62 … … … … 57 … 61 … … 67 … … 54 … 64 46 … … … 18 … … 70 59 44 … … 80 … … … … … 49 … …

Ratio lowest–highest

… … … … … … … –11 … … 34 … … 31 … –2 … … 28 … 11 4 … 12 … … 23 … 13 31 … … … 30 … … 21 35 36 … … 29 … … … … … 34 … …

Highest

… … … … … … … 0.8 … … 1.7 … … 1.5 … 1.0 … … 1.6 … 1.2 1.1 … 1.2 … … 1.5 … 1.2 1.6 … … … 4.6 … … 1.3 1.7 1.7 … … 1.4 … … … … … 1.7 … …

Lowest

Lowest

… … … … … … … (62) … … 83 … … 91 … 98 … … 76 … 74 76 … 90 … … 71 … 82 83 … … … 38 … … 90 86 84 … … 98 … … … … … 85 … …

Difference rural–urban

Difference highest–lowest

… … … … … … … 72 … … 50 … … 60 … 100 … … 48 … 62 72 … 78 … … 48 … 70 52 … … … 8 … … 69 51 49 … … 69 … … … … … 51 … …

Ratio rural–urban

Ratio highest–lowest

… … … … … … … –13 … … 20 … … 9 … –1 … 12 11 … 6 –6 … 14 … … 20 … 3 14 … … … 18 … … 9 –1 20 … … 16 … … … … … 17 … …

Urban

Highest

… … … … … … … 0.8 … … 1.5 … … 1.1 … 1.0 … 1.2 1.2 … 1.1 0.9 … 1.2 … … 1.4 … 1.0 1.2 … … … 2.0 … … 1.1 1.0 1.3 … … 1.2 … … … … … 1.3 … …

Education level of mother e

Rural

Lowest

… … … … … … … 67 … … 64 … … 83 … 98 … 91 68 … 67 74 … 90 … … 73 … 79 73 … … … 38 … … 85 63 76 … … 94 … … … … … 73 … …

Wealth quintile

Difference highest–lowest

Difference urban–rural

… … … … … … … 80 … … 44 … … 74 … 99 … 79 57 … 60 80 … 77 … … 53 … 77 58 … … … 19 … … 76 64 57 … … 78 … … … … … 56 … …

Place of residence

Ratio highest–lowest

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mother e

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.4 … … … … 1.5 … 1.2 … … 1.3 … … 1.5 … 1.4 1.7 … … … 3.0 … … 1.2 1.3 1.7 … … 1.2 … … … … … 1.6 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 9 … … 25 … … … … 26 … 13 … … 23 … … 26 … 27 33 … … … 36 … … 16 17 31 … … 16 … … … … … 28 … …

… 19 … … … … … 42 … … 64 … … 98 … … … 27 145 … 113 … … 79 … … 202 … 111 169 … … 199 208 … … 33 123 136 … … … … … … … … 177 … 73

… 20 … … … … … 26 … … 52 … … 92 … … … 26 116 … 77 … … 49 … … 136 … 76 119 … … 126 179 … … 23 81 108 … … … … … … … … 122 … 95

… 1.0 … … … … … 1.6 … … 1.2 … … 1.1 … … … 1.0 1.3 … 1.5 … … 1.6 … … 1.5 … 1.5 1.4 … … 1.6 1.2 … … 1.4 1.5 1.3 … … … … … … … … 1.5 … 0.8

… –1 … … … … … 16 … … 12 … … 6 … … … 1 30 … 37 … … 30 … … 65 … 35 50 … … 73 29 … … 10 42 28 … … … … … … … … 55 … –22

… … … … … … … 52 … … … … … 121 … … … … 151 … 105 … … 99 … … 206 … 127 189 … … 223 176 … … 39 129 135 … … … … … … … … 184 … …

… … … … … … … 23 … … … … … 72 … … … … 83 … 32 … … 33 … … 144 … 43 88 … … 112 187 … … 16 87 85 … … … … … … … … 97 … …

… … … … … … … 2.3 … … … … … 1.7 … … … … 1.8 … 3.3 … … 3.0 … … 1.4 … 3.0 2.1 … … 2.0 0.9 … … 2.4 1.5 1.6 … … … … … … … … 1.9 … …

… … … … … … … 29 … … … … … 49 … … … … 68 … 73 … … 66 … … 62 … 84 101 … … 111 –11 … … 23 42 50 … … … … … … … … 87 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 68 … … 114 … … … … 143 … 145 … … 119 … … 198 … 136 186 … … 187 200 … … 51 121 202 … … … … … … … … 209 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 58 … … 68 … … … … 78 … 48 … … 37 … … 108 … 53 93 … … 107 143 … … 20 75 101 … … … … … … … … 112 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.7 … … … … 1.8 … 3.0 … … 3.2 … … 1.8 … 2.6 2.0 … … 1.7 1.4 … … 2.5 1.6 2.0 … … … … … … … … 1.9 … …

… … … … … … … … … … 10 … … 46 … … … … 65 … 97 … … 82 … … 90 … 83 92 … … 80 57 … … 30 46 101 … … … … … … … … 97 … …

121

Table 8

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5 Births

attended by skilled health personnel

2007 2006 2003

2006 2006

2004 2007

Difference highest–lowest

2005

Ratio highest–lowest

2006

Highest

2005–2006 2002–2003

Lowest

1998–1999 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005

Difference highest–lowest

2003

Ratio highest–lowest

2000 2006 2005

Highest

2005

Lowest

2002

Difference urban–rural

2005

Ratio urban–rural

2007

Education level of mother e

Urban

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon f Gambia f Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea f Guinea-Bissau f Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) f Iraq Ireland Israel Italy f Jamaica Japan Jordan f Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait f Kyrgyzstan f Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

Wealth quintile

(%)

Rural

Place of residence

a,b

… 94 … 66 … … 10 … 3 … … … 69 43 98 … 31 … … 25 26 27 82 15 50 … … 38 55 … 78 … … … 94 … 99 100 35 … … 96 11 … … 50 32 … … …

… 96 … 89 … … 65 … 45 … … … 93 83 99 … 80 … … 66 81 69 89 47 90 … … 74 79 … 95 … … … 99 … 99 100 72 … … 100 68 … … 88 79 … … …

… 1.0 … 1.3 … … 6.2 … 17.2 … … … 1.3 1.9 1.0 … 2.6 … … 2.6 3.2 2.6 1.1 3.0 1.8 … … 2.0 1.4 … 1.2 … … … 1.0 … 1.0 1.0 2.1 … … 1.0 6.2 … … 1.8 2.5 … … …

… 2 … 23 … … 54 … 42 … … … 24 40 1 … 49 … … 41 55 42 7 31 40 … … 36 24 … 17 … … … 4 … 1 0 38 … … 4 57 … … 38 47 … … …

… 95 … 51 … … 7 … 1 … … … 67 28 95 … 21 … … 9 15 19 64 6 33 … … 19 40 … … … … … … … 98 100 17 … … 93 3 … … 34 26 … … …

… 99 … 96 … … 81 … 27 … … … 97 89 99 … 90 … … 92 87 79 93 68 99 … … 89 94 … … … … … … … 100 100 75 … … 100 81 … … 83 81 … … …

… 1.0 … 1.9 … … 12.1 … 38.0 … … … 1.4 3.1 1.0 … 4.4 … … 10.4 6.0 4.0 1.5 10.5 2.9 … … 4.6 2.3 … … … … … … … 1.0 1.0 4.4 … … 1.1 27.1 … … 2.5 3.2 … … …

… 4 … 45 … … 74 … 26 … … … 30 60 3 … 70 … … 83 73 59 29 61 65 … … 69 54 … … … … … … … 2 0 58 … … 7 78 … … 50 56 … … …

… 86 … 54 … … 12 … 2 … … … 84 49 … … 30 … … 22 33 28 … 9 37 … … … 32 … 79 … … … … … … … 16 … … … 3 … … 21 36 … … …

… 97 … 89 … … 88 … 58 … … … 93 85 … … 68 … … 85 84 80 … 60 96 … … … 86 … 96 … … … … … … … 72 … … … 63 … … 73 75 … … …

… 1.1 … 1.6 … … 7.3 … 25.1 … … … 1.1 1.7 … … 2.3 … … 3.9 2.6 2.9 … 6.6 2.6 … … … 2.6 … 1.2 … … … … … … … 4.6 … … … 18.5 … … 3.5 2.1 … … …

… 12 … 35 … … 76 … 55 … … … 9 36 … … 38 … … 63 51 52 … 51 59 … … … 53 … 17 … … … … … … … 56 … … … 59 … … 52 39 … … …

122

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mother e

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mother e

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… 81 … 97 … … 79 … 32 … … … 37 93 … … 82 … … 83 49 72 96 56 86 … … 54 66 … 60 … … … 95 … 92 99 70 … … … 38 … … 84 56 … … …

… 78 … 97 … … 94 … 65 … … … 61 91 … … 86 … … 86 55 83 95 62 84 … … 72 78 … 76 … … … 88 … 95 100 86 … … … 54 … … 91 77 … … …

… 1.0 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.0 … … … 1.6 1.0 … … 1.0 … … 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 … … 1.3 1.2 … 1.3 … … … 0.9 … 1.0 1.0 1.2 … … … 1.4 … … 1.1 1.4 … … …

… –3 … 0 … … 15 … 33 … … … 24 –3 … … 4 … … 3 6 11 –1 6 –2 … … 18 11 … 16 … … … –7 … 3 0 16 … … … 17 … … 7 20 … … …

… 73 … 95 … … 84 … 25 … … … 34 95 … … 75 … … 80 42 70 94 50 85 … … 40 60 … … … … … … … 92 100 55 … … … 33 … … 82 45 … … …

… 87 … 97 … … 96 … 53 … … … 71 91 … … 89 … … 91 57 90 100 67 86 … … 85 85 … … … … … … … 96 99 88 … … … 60 … … 85 86 … … …

… 1.2 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.1 … … … 2.1 1.0 … … 1.2 … … 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 … … 2.1 1.4 … … … … … … … 1.0 1.0 1.6 … … … 1.8 … … 1.0 1.9 … … …

… 14 … 2 … … 13 … 28 … … … 37 –3 … … 14 … … 12 15 20 6 17 0 … … 45 25 … … … … … … … 4 –1 33 … … … 27 … … 3 41 … … …

… 53 … 96 … … 77 … 30 … … … 42 92 … … 78 … … 73 48 72 … 52 81 … … … 42 … 60 … … … … … … … 51 … … … 31 … … 74 58 … … …

… 83 … 98 … … 96 … 63 … … … 64 95 … … 89 … … 95 68 87 … 68 86 … … … 83 … 79 … … … … … … … 85 … … … 55 … … 85 78 … … …

… 1.6 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.1 … … … 1.5 1.0 … … 1.1 … … 1.3 1.4 1.2 … 1.3 1.1 … … … 2.0 … 1.3 … … … … … … … 1.7 … … … 1.8 … … 1.1 1.3 … … …

… 30 … 2 … … 19 … 33 … … … 22 2 … … 11 … … 23 20 15 … 16 5 … … … 41 … 19 … … … … … … … 34 … … … 24 … … 11 20 … … …

… 37 … 56 … … 117 … 135 … … … 100 150 45 … 118 … … 69 204 253 50 114 43 … … 82 65 … 41 … … … 25 … 27 43 117 … … 50 … … … 105 146 … … …

… 37 … 39 … … 86 … 98 … … … 88 96 24 … 93 … … 58 133 250 34 78 29 … … 52 42 … 41 … … … 36 … 22 30 94 … … 35 … … … 86 132 … … …

… 1.0 … 1.4 … … 1.4 … 1.4 … … … 1.1 1.6 1.9 … 1.3 … … 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 … … 1.6 1.5 … 1.0 … … … 0.7 … 1.2 1.4 1.3 … … 1.4 … … … 1.2 1.1 … … …

… 1 … 17 … … 31 … 37 … … … 12 54 21 … 26 … … 11 71 3 16 36 14 … … 30 22 … 0 … … … –11 … 5 12 23 … … 15 … … … 18 15 … … …

… 53 … 75 … … 100 … 130 … … … 93 158 … … 128 … … 78 217 … … 125 50 … … 101 77 … … … … … … … 30 … 149 … … … … … … 114 138 … … …

… 28 … 25 … … 65 … 92 … … … 55 72 … … 88 … … 39 113 … … 55 20 … … 34 22 … … … … … … … 27 … 91 … … … … … … 82 117 … … …

… 1.9 … 3.0 … … 1.5 … 1.4 … … … 1.7 2.2 … … 1.5 … … 2.0 1.9 … … 2.3 2.5 … … 3.0 3.5 … … … … … … … 1.1 … 1.6 … … … … … … 1.4 1.2 … … …

… 25 … 50 … … 35 … 38 … … … 38 86 … … 40 … … 38 104 … … 70 30 … … 67 55 … … … … … … … 3 … 58 … … … … … … 32 21 … … …

… 57 … 68 … … 121 … 139 … … … 112 140 … … 125 … … 79 194 … … 123 55 … … … 90 … 49 … … … … … … … 127 … … … … … … 161 151 … … …

… 29 … 31 … … 59 … 54 … … … 87 66 … … 85 … … 42 92 … … 65 20 … … … 37 … 37 … … … … … … … 63 … … … … … … 82 119 … … …

… 2.0 … 2.2 … … 2.1 … 2.6 … … … 1.3 2.1 … … 1.5 … … 1.9 2.1 … … 1.9 2.8 … … … 2.4 … 1.3 … … … … … … … 2.0 … … … … … … 2.0 1.3 … … …

… 28 … 37 … … 62 … 85 … … … 25 74 … … 40 … … 36 102 … … 57 35 … … … 53 … 12 … … … … … … … 64 … … … … … … 79 33 … … …

123

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5 Births

attended by skilled health personnel

2005

Difference highest–lowest

2005

Ratio highest–lowest

1990 2004 2003

Highest

2006–2007

Lowest

2001 2006 2003

Difference highest–lowest

2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2006–2007

Highest

2005 2005 2003–2004 2003

Lowest

2000–2001

Difference urban–rural

2006

Ratio urban–rural

2003–2004 2004

Education level of mother e

Urban

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco f Mongolia f,g Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea g Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Wealth quintile

(%)

Rural

Place of residence

a,b

40 53 … … 38 … … 29 … … … … 99 98 40 34 … 73 … 19 … … 83 8 27 … … … 30 … … … 48 44 41 … … … … 99 … … 35 … … … … … … …

71 84 … … 80 … … 86 … … … … 100 100 85 81 … 94 … 52 … … 97 71 59 … … … 60 … … … 87 92 79 … … … … 100 … … 63 … … … … … … …

1.8 1.6 … … 2.1 … … 3.0 … … … … 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.4 … 1.3 … 2.8 … … 1.2 8.5 2.2 … … … 2.0 … … … 1.8 2.1 1.9 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.8 … … … … … … …

31 31 … … 42 … … 57 … … … … 1 2 46 47 … 21 … 33 … … 13 62 32 … … … 30 … … … 39 48 38 … … … … 0 … … 29 … … … … … … …

30 47 … … 35 … … 15 … … … … 98 98 30 25 … 60 … 5 … … 78 5 13 … … … 16 … … … 41 28 25 … … … … 99 … … 27 … … … … … … …

94 85 … … 86 … … 93 … … … … 100 100 95 89 … 98 … 58 … … 99 59 85 … … … 77 … … … 98 100 92 … … … … 100 … … 66 … … … … … … …

3.1 1.8 … … 2.5 … … 6.3 … … … … 1.0 1.0 3.2 3.6 … 1.6 … 12.0 … … 1.3 11.8 6.5 … … … 4.8 … … … 2.4 3.6 3.7 … … … … 1.0 … … 2.4 … … … … … … …

64 38 … … 51 … … 78 … … … … 2 3 66 64 … 38 … 53 … … 22 54 72 … … … 61 … … … 57 72 67 … … … … 1 … … 39 … … … … … … …

22 43 … … 44 … … 40 … … … … … … 49 31 … … … 11 … … 77 13 14 … … … 27 … … … 32 … 11 … … … … … … … 27 … … … … … … …

81 83 … … 92 … … 92 … … … … … … 94 95 … … … 53 … … 98 81 75 … … … 74 … … … 94 … 72 … … … … … … … 73 … … … … … … …

3.7 1.9 … … 2.1 … … 2.3 … … … … … … 1.9 3.0 … … … 4.7 … … 1.3 6.1 5.4 … … … 2.8 … … … 2.9 … 6.5 … … … … … … … 2.7 … … … … … … …

59 41 … … 48 … … 51 … … … … … … 46 63 … … … 41 … … 21 67 61 … … … 47 … … … 61 … 61 … … … … … … … 46 … … … … … … …

124

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mother e

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mother e

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

56 78 … … 66 … … 53 … … … … 86 82 86 71 … 82 … 85 … … 74 42 29 … … … 56 … … … 52 88 78 … … … … 92 … … 85 … … … … … … …

74 87 … … 76 … … 74 … … … … 90 84 94 91 … 86 … 89 … … 77 72 52 … … … 69 … … … 65 92 82 … … … … 88 … … 90 … … … … … … …

1.3 1.1 … … 1.2 … … 1.4 … … … … 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 … 1.0 … 1.1 … … 1.0 1.7 1.8 … … … 1.2 … … … 1.2 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.1 … … … … … … …

18 9 … … 10 … … 21 … … … … 4 3 8 20 … 4 … 4 … … 3 30 24 … … … 13 … … … 13 4 4 … … … … –4 … … 5 … … … … … … …

38 67 … … 68 … … 42 … … … … 88 (83) 83 61 … 70 … 73 … … 76 32 16 … … … 36 … … … 48 86 70 … … … … (91) … … 85 … … … … … … …

84 88 … … 78 … … 86 … … … … 91 (78) 98 96 … 95 … 95 … … 94 74 71 … … … 76 … … … 69 93 89 … … … … 91 … … 88 … … … … … … …

2.2 1.3 … … 1.2 … … 2.1 … … … … 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.6 … 1.4 … 1.3 … … 1.2 2.3 4.4 … … … 2.1 … … … 1.4 1.1 1.3 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.0 … … … … … … …

46 21 … … 11 … … 44 … … … … 3 –4 15 36 … 25 … 21 … … 18 41 55 … … … 39 … … … 21 7 20 … … … … 0 … … 3 … … … … … … …

36 72 … … 66 … … 55 … … … … … … 88 66 … … … 78 … … 69 43 16 … … … 51 … … … 32 … 46 … … … … … … … 83 … … … … … … …

85 94 … … 90 … … 80 … … … … … … 96 99 … … … 99 … … 73 84 67 … … … 81 … … … 71 … 83 … … … … … … … 92 … … … … … … …

2.4 1.3 … … 1.4 … … 1.4 … … … … … … 1.1 1.5 … … … 1.3 … … 1.0 2.0 4.3 … … … 1.6 … … … 2.2 … 1.8 … … … … … … … 1.1 … … … … … … …

49 22 … … 24 … … 24 … … … … … … 9 34 … … … 21 … … 3 42 51 … … … 31 … … … 39 … 38 … … … … … … … 9 … … … … … … …

120 164 … … 234 … … 96 … … … … 69 … 69 192 … 76 … 84 … … 55 231 243 … … … 100 … … … 48 … 52 … … … … 30 … … 192 … … … … … … …

73 116 … … 158 … … 111 … … … … 31 … 38 143 … 60 … 47 … … 34 139 153 … … … 78 … … … 45 … 30 … … … … 20 … … 122 … … … … … … …

1.6 1.4 … … 1.5 … … 0.9 … … … … 2.2 … 1.8 1.3 … 1.3 … 1.8 … … 1.6 1.7 1.6 … … … 1.3 … … … 1.1 … 1.7 … … … … 1.5 … … 1.6 … … … … … … …

47 48 … … 76 … … –15 … … … … 38 … 31 49 … 16 … 36 … … 21 91 90 … … … 21 … … … 3 … 22 … … … … 9 … … 70 … … … … … … …

142 183 … … 233 … … 98 … … … … … … 78 196 … 92 … 98 … … 64 206 257 … … … 121 … … … 57 … 66 … … … … 29 … … 211 … … … … … … …

49 111 … … 124 … … 79 … … … … … … 26 108 … 29 … 47 … … 19 157 79 … … … 60 … … … 20 … 21 … … … … 17 … … 122 … … … … … … …

2.9 1.6 … … 1.9 … … 1.2 … … … … … … 3.0 1.8 … 3.2 … 2.1 … … 3.3 1.3 3.3 … … … 2.0 … … … 2.8 … 3.1 … … … … 1.7 … … 1.7 … … … … … … …

92 72 … … 109 … … 20 … … … … … … 52 88 … 63 … 51 … … 45 49 178 … … … 61 … … … 37 … 45 … … … … 12 … … 89 … … … … … … …

149 181 … … 223 … … 111 … … … … … … 63 201 … … … 93 … … 72 222 269 … … … 102 … … … 78 … 105 … … … … … … … 210 … … … … … … …

65 86 … … 102 … … 86 … … … … … … 27 86 … … … 32 … … 25 92 107 … … … 62 … … … 29 … 29 … … … … … … … 95 … … … … … … …

2.3 2.1 … … 2.2 … … 1.3 … … … … … … 2.3 2.3 … … … 2.9 … … 2.9 2.4 2.5 … … … 1.6 … … … 2.7 … 3.7 … … … … … … … 2.2 … … … … … … …

83 95 … … 122 … … 25 … … … … … … 36 115 … … … 60 … … 47 130 162 … … … 40 … … … 49 … 76 … … … … … … … 115 … … … … … … …

125

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5 Births

attended by skilled health personnel

2006

2002 2006 2001–2002 2005–2006

Difference highest–lowest

2004–2005

Ratio highest–lowest

2006 2007

Highest

2006 2006 2003 2000

Lowest

2006

Difference highest–lowest

2006 2005 2005–2006 2005–2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2006

Highest

1990

Lowest

2006 2003

Difference urban–rural

2005

Ratio urban–rural

Timor-Leste f Togo Tonga f,g Trinidad and Tobago f Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay f Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) h Viet Nam f Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

2005 2005

Education level of mother e

Urban

Senegal f Serbia Seychelles f Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands f Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland f Syrian Arab Republic f Tajikistan f Thailand The former fYugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Wealth quintile

(%)

Rural

Place of residence

a,b

33 99 … 35 … … … … 15 85 … … 59 … 70 … … 88 81 97 98

85 99 … 76 … … … … 65 94 … … 86 … 88 … … 98 89 99 98

2.5 1.0 … 2.2 … … … … 4.5 1.1 … … 1.4 … 1.3 … … 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

51 0 … 42 … … … … 51 9 … … 27 … 18 … … 9 8 3 0

20 98 … 27 … … … … 11 … … … … … 51 … … 78 70 93 95

89 100 … 83 … … … … 77 … … … … … 92 … … 99 91 100 100

4.4 1.0 … 3.0 … … … … 7.2 … … … … … 1.8 … … 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0

69 2 … 55 … … … … 66 … … … … … 42 … … 21 21 7 5

42 … … 38 … … … … 25 … … … 53 … 57 … … … … 81 89

88 … … 76 … … … … 73 … … … 96 … 84 … … … … 99 100

2.1 … … 2.0 … … … … 3.0 … … … 1.8 … 1.5 … … … … 1.2 1.1

45 … … 38 … … … … 48 … … … 43 … 27 … … … … 18 11

… 40 … … … 69 97 … 38 98 … … 47 … … 100 … … 82 26 28 58

… 93 … … … 90 98 … 80 99 … … 83 … … 100 … … 99 62 79 94

… 2.3 … … … 1.3 1.0 … 2.1 1.0 … … 1.8 … … 1.0 … … 1.2 2.3 2.9 1.6

… 54 … … … 21 2 … 43 1 … … 36 … … 0 … … 17 35 51 36

… 30 … 98 … … 97 … 28 97 … … 39 … … 100 … … 58 17 20 46

… 97 … 100 … … 98 … 77 99 … … 90 … … 100 … … 100 74 91 95

… 3.3 … 1.0 … … 1.0 … 2.7 1.0 … … 2.3 … … 1.0 … … 1.7 4.3 4.6 2.1

… 67 … 2 … … 2 … 48 2 … … 51 … … 0 … … 42 57 71 49

… 44 … … … … 93 … 26 … … … 40 … … … … … 42 27 17 35

… 89 … … … … 97 … 76 … … … 89 … … … … … 94 61 78 81

… 2.0 … … … … 1.0 … 2.9 … … … 2.2 … … … … … 2.3 2.3 4.5 2.3

… 45 … … … … 5 … 50 … … … 49 … … … … … 52 34 60 46

126

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mother e

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mother e

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

71 89 … 75 … … … … 23 68 … … 56 … 91 … … 91 90 96 88

77 85 … 84 … … … … 40 59 … … 70 … 95 … … 94 96 96 89

1.1 1.0 … 1.1 … … … … 1.8 0.9 … … 1.2 … 1.0 … … 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

6 –4 … 9 … … … … 17 –9 … … 14 … 4 … … 3 6 0 2

71 87 … 66 … … … … 22 … … … … … 89 … … 89 89 96 80

81 84 … 84 … … … … 47 … … … … … 93 … … 97 96 99 93

1.1 1.0 … 1.3 … … … … 2.1 … … … … … 1.0 … … 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

10 –3 … 18 … … … … 25 … … … … … 4 … … 9 8 3 13

69 … … 75 … … … … 24 … … … 50 … 84 … … … … 90 71

95 … … 87 … … … … 48 … … … 85 … 93 … … … … 96 92

1.4 … … 1.2 … … … … 2.0 … … … 1.7 … 1.1 … … … … 1.1 1.3

26 … … 12 … … … … 25 … … … 35 … 9 … … … … 6 21

160 … … 279 … … … … 136 … … … 144 … 105 … … 24 83 … 26

91 … … 207 … … … … 134 … … … 117 … 107 … … 19 70 … 10

1.8 … … 1.3 … … … … 1.0 … … … 1.2 … 1.0 … … 1.3 1.2 … 2.6

69 … … 72 … … … … 2 … … … 27 … –2 … … 5 13 … 16

183 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 118 … … 22 … … …

64 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 101 … … 20 … … …

2.9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.1 … … …

119 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 17 … … 2 … … …

152 … … 279 … … … … … … … … 152 … 150 … … … … … …

60 … … 164 … … … … … … … … 84 … 95 … … … … … …

2.5 … … 1.7 … … … … … … … … 1.8 … 1.6 … … … … … …

92 … … 115 … … … … … … … … 68 … 55 … … … … … …

… 61 … … 97 69 92 … 67 … … … 78 … … 98 … … 81 59 84 63

… 67 … … 99 84 82 … 77 … … … 90 … … 97 … … 94 80 86 72

… 1.1 … … 1.0 1.2 0.9 … 1.1 … … … 1.2 … … 1.0 … … 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.1

… 6 … … 2 15 –10 … 10 … … … 12 … … 0 … … 14 22 2 8

… 57 … (98) … … 91 … 66 … … … 65 … … 97 … … 64 52 81 54

… 72 … (85) … … 80 … 73 … … … 91 … … 98 … … 98 86 88 74

… 1.3 … 0.9 … … 0.9 … 1.1 … … … 1.4 … … 1.0 … … 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.4

… 15 … –13 … … –11 … 7 … … … 26 … … 1 … … 33 33 7 20

… 50 … … … … 74 … 64 … … … 65 … … … … … 49 60 80 30

… 82 … … … … 88 … 82 … … … 90 … … … … … 93 81 87 71

… 1.6 … … … … 1.2 … 1.3 … … … 1.4 … … … … … 1.9 1.4 1.1 2.3

… 32 … … … … 14 … 18 … … … 25 … … … … … 44 21 7 41

… 143 … … … 50 100 … 147 20 … … 138 … … 59 … … 36 86 182 72

… 73 … … … 30 73 … 115 18 … … 108 … … 51 … … 16 57 140 64

… 2.0 … … … 1.7 1.4 … 1.3 1.1 … … 1.3 … … 1.2 … … 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.1

… 70 … … … 20 27 … 32 2 … … 30 … … 8 … … 19 29 42 8

… 150 … … … … 106 … 172 … … … 137 … … 72 … … 53 118 192 72

… 62 … … … … 70 … 108 … … … 93 … … 42 … … 16 37 92 57

… 2.4 … … … … 1.5 … 1.6 … … … 1.5 … … 1.7 … … 3.3 3.2 2.1 1.3

… 88 … … … … 36 … 64 … … … 44 … … 30 … … 37 81 99 15

… 145 … … … … 133 … 164 … … … 160 … … … … … 66 … 198 69

… 64 … … … … 88 … 91 … … … 76 … … … … … 29 … 121 68

… 2.3 … … … … 1.5 … 1.8 … … … 2.1 … … … … … 2.3 … 1.6 1.0

… 81 … … … … 45 … 73 … … … 84 … … … … … 38 … 77 1

127

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities attended by skilled health personnel

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

30 100 88

(%)

Education level of mother e

Difference urban–rural

Urban

3 100 50

Wealth quintile

Ratio urban–rural

Rural

Place of residence

a,b

… … …

… … …

1 100 35

27 100 94

… … …

… … …

2 93 35

Difference highest–lowest

MDG 5 Births

Ratio highest–lowest

Year

Highest

Member State

… … …

… … …

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

128

28 100 87

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009 MDG 4

MDG 4 Under-5 mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

19 99 76

38 100 83

… … …

… … …

8 100 70

38 100 86

… … …

… … …

16 96 60

48 99 85

… … …

… … …

19 279 99

10 250 75

… … …

… … …

22 257 121

16 187 64

… … …

… … …

49 279 139

20 164 68

… … …

… … …

Table 8

Highest

Education level of mother e

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mother e

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

129

Table 9

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Demographic and socioeconomic factors are major determinants of health. As fertility declines, income rises, populations age and become more urbanized, and epidemiological profiles also shift, with an increasing share of the burden of disease accounted for by noncommunicable diseases, accidents and other external causes. Increasing education, especially of women, also has a major impact on the use of health care and on health status. Data on demographic and socioeconomic trends are also important for making statistics comparable across countries. Disease incidence, prevalence and mortality rates require reliable population-based denominators. The world’s population continues to grow but at a slower rate than a decade ago. The average annual growth rate was 1.3% for 1997–2007 compared with 1.6% for 1987–1997. There are large regional differences in growth rates. The growth rate in Africa is over 10 times that of the European Region, where populations are actually shrinking in several countries. Regions with higher growth rates tend to have younger populations; in the African Region, 43% of people are under the age of 15 compared with only 18% in the European Region and 28% globally. Fertility is also on the decline worldwide, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, where women now have two children fewer than the previous generation. Despite such declines, fertility is still relatively high compared with other regions, at an average of 3.4 children per women compared with 2.7 in South-East Asia and 2.2 in the Americas. In the African Region in 2007, the average women had around 5 children, only a slight decline from the fertility levels of 1990. By contrast, levels of fertility in the European Region are below replacement level, with an average of 1.6 children per woman. The world’s population is shifting towards urban areas, with an estimated 49% living in urban areas in 2007 compared with 43% in 1990. The definition of an urban area varies from one country to another, making regional comparisons unreliable. Since 1990, the gross national income per capita has almost doubled. The highest percentage change over the period of 1990–2007 is in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions where it has increased by about 190%. These demographic and socioeconomic data are drawn from a variety of sources both in countries and from organizations including the World Bank, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations. They are based on a combination of administrative records, population-based surveys, census and civil registration data and statistical modelling to account for missing values. For more information about the sources and methods for a particular indicator, please refer to the relevant footnotes and the responsible organization’s web site. 131

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

Population

Civil registration coverage (%)

a

Total (‘000s)

Median age

Under 15 (%)

Over 60 (%)

2007

2007

2007

2007

1987– 1997

1997– 2007

17 29 25 … 17 … 29 32 37 41 28 29 29 23 36 38 41 21 18 23 21 38 22 28 27 41 17 17 21 19 39 20 18 17 31 33 26 19 19 … 27 19 41 37 36 39 33 16 40 21

47 25 28 15 46 28 26 19 19 15 23 27 25 34 18 15 17 37 44 31 37 17 35 27 29 13 46 44 36 41 17 38 42 46 24 21 29 42 42 33 27 41 15 18 19 14 23 47 19 37

4 13 7 22 4 11 14 14 19 22 9 10 5 6 13 18 23 6 4 7 7 20 5 9 5 23 4 4 5 5 19 5 6 5 12 11 8 4 5 8 9 5 23 16 17 21 14 4 22 5

4.9 0.0 2.2 2.9 2.8 1.0 1.3 –1.0 1.4 0.6 1.5 1.8 3.1 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.3 2.8 3.4 0.1 2.3 –2.1 2.7 1.6 2.7 –0.9 2.9 2.0 3.2 2.8 1.2 2.3 2.6 3.2 1.7 1.2 1.9 2.8 2.9 –0.2 2.5 3.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.0 1.4 3.2 0.3 3.6

3.3 0.3 1.5 1.2 2.7 1.7 1.0 –0.5 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.4 –0.5 0.3 2.4 3.1 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.3 –0.7 3.1 2.9 1.9 2.3 1.0 2.3 1.8 3.5 1.1 0.7 1.5 2.7 2.4 –2.7 2.0 1.9 –0.1 0.2 1.3 –0.1 0.7 2.8 0.3 2.3

27 145 3 190 33 858 75 17 024 85 39 531 3 002 20 743 8 361 8 467 331 753 158 665 294 9 689 10 457 288 9 033 658 9 525 3 935 1 882 191 791 390 7 639 14 784 8 508 14 444 18 549 32 876 530 4 343 10 781 16 635 1 336 317 46 156 839 3 768 13 4 468 19 262 4 555 11 268 855 10 186 23 790 62 636 5 442 833

132

Annual growth rate (%)

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 18 36 52 95 37 35 87 67 85 66 54 84 88 20 45 66 96 47 34 7 56 39 42 75 66 66 14 6 13 41 77 44 37 21 83 28 69 28 54 57 51 40 54 73 67 75 58 28 85 76

Births b

2000

2007

21 42 60 92 50 32 89 65 87 66 51 89 95 23 50 70 97 48 38 10 62 43 53 81 71 69 17 9 17 50 79 53 38 23 86 36 71 34 58 64 59 43 56 76 69 74 60 30 85 83

24 46 65 89 56 31 92 64 89 67 52 83 88 27 39 73 97 51 41 33 65 47 59 85 74 71 19 10 21 56 80 59 38 26 88 43 74 28 61 73 63 48 57 76 70 73 62 33 86 87

Deaths c

2000–2007 h

6 >90 h 99 >90 h 29 … >90 >90 >90 >90 h 94 … >90 h 10 >90 >90 >90 h 94 h 60 … h 74 h 100 h 58 h,k 89 >90 >90 h 64 h 60 h 66 h 70 >90 >90 h 49 h 9 >90 … h 90 h 83 h,k 81 >90 >90 h 55 >90 >90 >90 >90 h 99 h 34 >90 h 89

<25 50–74 75–89 25–49 <25 50–74 90–100 50–74 90–100 90–100 50–74 90–100 75–89 <25 90–100 90–100 … 90–100 <25 <25 <25 … <25 75–89 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 <25 <25 90–100 … <25 <25 90–100 <25 75–89 <25 <25 >75 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 90–100 <25

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

1990 8.0 2.9 4.7 i 1.3 7.2 i 1.9 3.0 2.5 1.9 1.5 3.0 2.6 3.7 4.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 4.5 6.8 5.9 4.9 1.7 4.7 2.8 3.2 1.7 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.9 1.7 5.5 5.7 6.7 2.6 2.2 3.0 6.1 5.4 i 3.4 3.2 6.6 1.7 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.4 6.7 1.7 6.2

2000 7.8 2.4 2.6 i 1.4 6.8 i 2.7 2.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 3.6 6.1 3.5 4.1 1.4 3.4 2.4 2.6 1.2 6.6 6.8 4.0 5.0 1.5 3.9 5.1 6.6 2.1 1.7 2.6 5.2 4.8 i 3.2 2.4 5.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.1 2.0 6.7 1.8 4.8

MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rate d (per 1000 women)

2007 7.1 2.1 2.4 i 1.3 6.5 i 2.1 2.3 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.6 3.0 5.5 2.2 3.5 1.2 2.9 2.3 2.3 1.3 6.0 6.8 3.2 4.4 1.5 3.4 4.6 6.2 1.9 1.7 2.2 4.4 4.5 i 2.6 2.1 4.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.9 6.7 1.8 4.0

Male

2000–2007

1990– 1999

151 13 4 10 165 67 62 25 15 12 44 43 15 127 51 20 10 90 114 46 88 16 51 56 26 38 131 30 52 141 14 92 133 193 49 5 96 95 132 47 63 111 13 42 6 11 … 124 6 27

… … … … … … 96.1 … … … 98.8 … 84.0 35.3 … 99.6 … 70.3 27.2 … 80.0 … 68.6 … 87.8 … 12.8 37.4 67.3 … … 62.8 … 12.2 94.3 77.8 91.2 62.7 73.8 … … … 96.7 … 94.4 … … … … …

2000– 2007 28.0 99.0 75.4 … 67.4 … 97.6 99.5 … … 99.4 … 88.8 53.5 … 99.7 … … 40.5 55.6 90.3 96.7 82.9 90.5 94.9 98.3 28.7 59.3 76.3 67.9 … 83.8 48.6 25.7 96.5 93.3 93.6 75.1 86.8 … 95.9 48.7 98.7 99.8 97.7 … … 67.2 … …

Gross national income per capita f (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratio e (%)

Adult literacy rate e (%)

Female

1990– 1999

2000– 2007

… 95 93 … … … 99 … 94 97 85 90 95 83 94 … 99 94 59 60 95 … 79 … … 98 41 … 87 … 99 99 … 63 … … 89 54 … 87 … 60 86 97 95 96 … … 97 32

… 94 96 81 … 75 99 80 96 97 87 87 98 87 96 90 97 96 87 79 94 … 83 93 93 93 52 76 91 … 99 85 63 71 … … 87 60 58 73 … 61 91 98 99 91 … … 95 42

133

1990– 1999 … 94 89 … … … 99 … 94 98 86 89 97 83 94 … 99 94 40 53 95 … 82 … … 96 28 … 79 … 99 98 … 39 … … 90 45 … 83 … 45 85 98 95 97 … … 97 23

2000– 2007 0 93 95 80 … 73 98 84 97 98 85 89 98 90 97 88 97 98 73 79 95 … 85 95 93 92 42 73 87 … 100 84 45 49 … … 87 50 52 75 … 49 90 98 99 94 … … 96 34

1990

2000

2007

… 2 540 4 350 … 1 870 8 100 5 170 2 050 16 270 19 360 … … 12 930 510 … 4 650 18 720 2 970 730 1 230 2 110 … 4 780 5 100 35 780 5 080 520 350 … 1 440 18 830 1 230 570 700 4 500 m 800 3 430 880 2 080 … 4 350 1 150 8 160 … 13 380 … … 400 18 030 …

… 3 920 5 130 … 1 910 11 730 8 890 2 090 24 910 28 570 2 090 … 23 930 830 … 5 130 28 150 4 640 1 040 2 540 3 080 4 930 8 180 6 840 42 170 5 990 790 310 860 1 530 27 630 2 030 640 770 8 930 m 2 340 4 620 970 1 890 … 6 630 1 460 8 940 … 18 950 14 640 … 210 28 180 1 610

… 6 580 7 640 … 4 400 17 620 12 990 5 900 33 340 38 140 6 260 … j 34 310 1 340 j 16 140 10 740 34 790 6 200 1 310 4 980 4 140 7 700 12 420 9 370 l 49 900 11 180 1 120 330 1 690 2 120 35 310 2 940 740 1 280 12 590 m 5 370 6 640 1 150 2 750 … 10 700 1 590 15 050 … 26 370 22 020 … 290 36 300 2 260

MDG 1 Population living <$1 g (PPP int. $) a day (%) 2005 … <1.0 … … 42.5 … … 4.7 … … <1.0 … … 50.5 … 0.0 … … 50.0 26.8 19.6 <1.0 23.1 7.8 … 0.0 55.0 81.3 40.2 27.5 … 18.4 64.4 58.7 <1.0 … 13.9 46.1 54.1 … … 20.4 0.0 … … 0.0 … 59.2 … 18.6

Table 9

Total fertility rate a (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea–Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

Population

Civil registration coverage (%)

a

Total (‘000s)

Median age

Under 15 (%)

Over 60 (%)

2007

2007

2007

2007

1987– 1997

1997– 2007

… 24 25 23 24 19 18 39 18 24 41 39 22 20 36 43 20 41 23 18 18 16 27 21 20 39 35 24 27 24 19 34 29 43 25 44 22 29 18 … 30 24 20 40 28 19 16 25 39 39

28 33 32 33 33 42 43 15 44 32 17 18 35 41 18 14 38 14 33 43 43 48 31 37 39 15 22 32 28 27 41 21 28 14 31 14 36 24 43 31 23 30 38 14 28 40 47 30 16 18

11 8 9 7 8 6 4 22 5 7 23 22 7 6 18 25 6 24 9 6 5 5 9 6 6 21 16 8 9 6 5 16 14 26 10 28 5 10 4 7 3 7 5 23 10 7 4 6 21 19

–0.2 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.2 –1.0 3.2 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.8 3.7 –1.0 0.5 2.7 0.8 0.0 2.3 3.4 3.0 –0.1 2.0 2.6 –0.2 1.0 2.1 1.6 2.1 3.0 0.4 2.9 0.1 0.8 0.3 4.5 –0.4 3.1 1.8 –0.5 1.2 2.8 –0.8 2.3 1.6 1.2 2.1 –0.1 1.2

–0.2 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.6 2.4 3.7 –0.5 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.8 3.2 –1.1 0.1 2.2 0.3 0.6 2.4 1.9 3.0 0.0 1.7 2.0 –0.3 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.7 0.0 2.6 1.8 4.4 1.2 1.7 –0.7 1.2 1.2 4.1 2.0 –0.5 1.0

67 9 760 13 341 75 498 6 857 507 4 851 1 335 83 099 839 5 277 61 647 1 331 1 709 4 395 82 599 23 478 11 147 106 13 354 9 370 1 695 738 9 598 7 106 10 030 301 1 169 016 231 627 71 208 28 993 4 301 6 928 58 877 2 714 127 967 5 924 15 422 37 538 95 2 851 5 317 5 859 2 277 4 099 2 008 3 750 6 160 3 390 467

134

Annual growth rate (%)

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 68 55 55 43 49 35 16 71 13 42 61 74 69 38 55 73 36 59 32 41 28 28 30 29 40 66 91 26 31 56 70 57 90 67 49 63 72 56 18 35 98 38 15 69 83 17 45 79 68 81

Births b

2000

2007

71 62 60 42 58 39 18 69 15 48 61 76 80 49 53 75 44 59 31 45 31 30 29 36 44 65 92 28 42 64 68 59 91 67 52 65 80 56 20 43 98 35 19 68 86 18 54 83 67 84

74 68 65 43 60 39 20 69 17 52 63 77 85 56 53 74 49 61 31 48 34 30 28 46 47 67 92 29 50 68 67 61 92 68 53 66 78 58 21 44 98 36 30 68 87 25 60 77 67 83

Deaths c

2000–2007 >90 h 78 h 85 >90 >90 h 32 … >90 h 7 >90 >90 >90 h 89 h 55 >90 >90 h 51 >90 >90 >90 h 43 h 39 h 93 h 81 h 94 >90 >90 h 41 h 55 >90 h 95 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 h 99 h,k 48 … >90 h 94 h 59 >90 >90 h 26 … >90 >90 >90

>75 50–74 75–89 75–89 75–89 <25 <25 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 90–100 90–100 <25 90–100 … 75–89 <25 <25 75–89 <25 … 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 50–74 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 … 90–100 25–49 75–89 <25 50–74 90–100 90–100 <25 90–100 <25 <25 <25 <25 90–100 90–100

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

1990

2000 i

3.0 3.3 3.7 4.4 3.7 5.9 6.2 1.9 6.8 3.4 1.7 1.8 4.8 6.0 2.1 1.4 5.8 1.4 i 3.7 5.6 6.7 7.1 2.6 5.4 5.1 1.8 2.2 4.0 3.1 5.0 5.9 2.1 3.0 1.3 2.9 1.6 5.5 2.8 5.9 i 4.8 3.5 3.9 6.2 1.9 3.1 4.9 6.9 4.8 2.0 1.6

MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rate d (per 1000 women)

2007 i

2.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 5.8 5.8 1.3 6.1 3.1 1.7 1.8 3.6 5.4 1.5 1.3 4.6 1.3 i 2.6 4.8 6.0 7.1 2.5 4.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 3.3 2.5 2.2 5.1 1.9 2.9 1.2 2.7 1.3 3.9 1.9 5.0 i 4.4 2.4 2.7 4.1 1.2 2.5 4.1 6.8 3.2 1.3 1.7

2000–2007 i

2.1 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 5.4 5.1 1.5 5.3 2.8 1.8 1.9 3.1 4.8 1.4 1.4 3.9 1.3 i 2.3 4.2 5.5 7.1 2.3 3.6 3.3 1.3 2.0 2.8 2.2 2.0 4.3 2.0 2.8 1.4 2.5 1.3 3.1 2.3 5.0 i 4.1 2.2 2.5 3.2 1.3 2.2 3.4 6.8 2.8 1.3 1.7

48 98 100 27 67 128 85 20 109 30 9 8 … 104 37 10 74 11 53 92 153 170 90 69 108 20 14 45 54 25 68 17 15 7 58 5 28 27 116 39 14 28 110 17 18 98 137 4 19 10

Male 1990– 1999 … … 88.3 55.6 74.1 … … … 27.0 … … … 72.2 … … … … 92.6 … 64.2 … 42.0 … 46.2 … 98.9 … 48.2 81.5 73.1 … … … … 79.9 … … 99.5 … … 78.4 98.7 60.3 … … … 40.8 76.3 … …

2000– 2007 … 89.1 92.6 72.0 85.5 87.0 … 99.8 35.9 … … … 86.2 … … … 65.0 97.1 … 73.2 29.5 64.6 … 62.1 83.1 98.9 … 66.0 91.4 84.7 74.1 … … 98.9 86.0 … 93.1 99.6 73.6 … 93.9 99.3 73.2 99.8 … 82.2 55.5 86.8 99.7 …

Gross national income per capita f (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratio e (%)

Adult literacy rate e (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2007

95 83 97 97 … 100 36 96 41 98 99 99 … 68 77 … 58 92 … 86 52 53 … … … 88 100 … … 83 91 93 98 99 87 … 91 … 63 96 86 89 79 98 88 54 47 … 96 96

75 82 96 98 92 91 50 95 74 87 97 98 88 59 95 98 73 100 78 97 79 53 … … 96 89 98 90 97 91 95 94 96 99 90 … 89 90 75 … 84 85 86 89 83 71 32 … 90 96

135

1990– 1999 93 84 98 90 … 79 31 95 28 99 98 99 … 61 77 … 55 93 … 78 36 37 … … … 88 98 … … 81 78 94 98 99 88 … 91 … 64 98 87 87 73 96 85 61 36 … 95 98

2000– 2007 79 83 97 94 92 83 43 94 68 86 97 99 88 64 92 98 71 99 74 93 69 37 … … 97 88 97 87 94 100 82 95 97 98 90 … 90 90 76 … 83 84 81 92 82 74 30 … 89 98

1990

2000

2007

3 460 2 300 3 520 2 340 2 720 1 460 … … 400 … 17 230 17 810 9 810 720 3 910 18 640 610 15 020 3 480 2 370 630 440 780 1 170 1 760 … 20 650 860 1 440 4 520 … 11 960 12 440 17 360 3 370 18 870 2 280 5 130 980 1 310 … 1 810 730 7 390 4 620 1 190 … … 9 070 28 910

4 530 4 160 4 440 3 740 4 330 6 420 480 9 420 460 3 540 25 400 26 390 10 390 880 2 160 25 670 870 21 170 5 490 3 480 870 460 2 050 1 060 2 510 11 610 27 960 1 510 2 260 6 800 … 24 560 18 890 25 370 4 900 25 910 3 270 4 500 1 120 2 250 37 220 1 250 1 240 7 650 7 530 1 330 270 … 8 220 46 510

7 410 6 340 7 040 5 400 5 640 21 230 520 19 810 780 4 370 34 550 33 600 13 080 1 140 4 770 33 530 1 330 32 330 6 910 4 520 1 120 470 2 880 1 150 3 620 17 210 33 960 2 740 3 580 10 800 … 37 090 25 930 29 850 6 210 34 600 5 160 9 700 1 540 2 240 j 49 970 1 950 1 940 16 890 10 050 1 890 290 14 710 17 180 63 590

MDG 1 Population living <$1 g (PPP int. $) a day (%) 2005 … … 9.8 2.0 … … … 0.0 39.0 … … … 4.8 31.3 13.4 … 30.0 … … … 69.8 42.5 … … … 0.0 … … … 1.5 … … … … … … <1.0 1.2 19.7 … … 21.8 35.7 0.0 … 38.7 86.1 … <1.0 …

Table 9

Total fertility rate a (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Population

Total (‘000s)

Median age

Under 15 (%)

Over 60 (%)

2007

2007

2007

2007

18 16 25 22 16 38 … 20 31 26 20 … 25 35 25 18 28 20 … 21 40 36 21 16 18 … 39 23 21 … 27 20 22 25 22 37 40 31 36 33 37 38 18 … 27 25 20 … 19 24

43 47 30 32 48 17 31 40 24 30 38 18 27 19 29 44 26 37 31 38 18 21 37 48 44 33 19 32 36 31 30 40 35 31 35 15 16 21 18 19 15 15 43 28 27 28 40 14 41 34

19 683 13 925 26 572 306 12 337 407 59 3 124 1 262 106 535 111 33 2 629 598 31 224 21 397 48 798 2 074 10 28 196 16 419 4 179 5 603 14 226 148 093 2 4 698 2 595 163 902 20 3 343 6 331 6 127 27 903 87 960 38 082 10 623 841 48 224 3 794 21 438 142 499 9 725 50 165 120 187 31 158 24 735

5 5 7 6 5 20 7 5 10 9 5 22 6 19 8 5 8 5 7 6 20 17 6 5 5 8 20 4 6 7 9 4 7 8 6 18 22 3 15 15 20 17 4 11 10 9 7 26 6 4

136

Civil registration coverage (%)

a

Annual growth rate (%) 1987– 1997

1997– 2007

2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 0.9 2.0 2.7 1.1 1.8 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.5 3.5 1.6 2.5 0.7 1.3 2.2 3.4 2.9 –1.7 0.5 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.5 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.1 3.0 0.9 0.0 –0.2 0.2 –0.6 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.1 2.0 2.9

2.8 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.9 0.6 1.4 2.8 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 –0.8 1.2 2.4 1.0 1.7 0.1 2.1 0.5 1.1 1.4 3.5 2.5 –3.1 0.6 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.3 2.1 –0.1 0.5 4.2 0.5 –1.3 –0.5 –0.4 4.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.7 1.7 2.5

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 24 12 50 26 23 90 65 40 44 72 26 100 57 48 48 21 25 28 100 9 69 85 53 15 35 31 72 65 31 70 54 13 49 69 49 61 48 92 74 47 54 73 5 35 29 41 21 90 44 77

2000 26 15 62 28 28 93 68 40 43 75 22 100 57 59 55 31 28 32 100 13 77 86 57 16 44 34 76 72 33 70 66 13 55 72 59 62 54 95 80 46 55 73 14 33 28 44 22 93 53 80

2007 29 18 70 37 32 94 71 41 42 77 22 100 57 61 56 36 32 36 100 17 81 86 56 16 48 38 77 72 36 79 73 12 60 71 64 61 59 96 81 42 54 73 18 32 28 47 23 94 60 81

Births b

Deaths c

2000–2007 h

75 … >90 >90 h 53 >90 … h 56 >90 … … >90 >90 h 98 >90 … h,k 65 h 67 >90 h 35 >90 >90 h 81 h 32 h,k 33 >90 >90 … … >90 >90 … … h 93 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 h 82 … >90 >90 >90 >90 h 69 …

<25 <25 … 50–74 <25 90–100 … <25 90–100 90–100 … >75 75–89 … … <25 <25 <25 … <25 90–100 90–100 50–74 <25 <25 >75 90–100 50–74 <25 … 90–100 … 75–89 50–74 75–89 90–100 90–100 75–89 90–100 75–89 90–100 90–100 <25 >75 90–100 90–100 … >75 … 25–49

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

1990 6.2 7.0 3.7 6.2 7.4 2.0 i 5.7 5.8 2.2 3.4 5.0 i 1.8 4.1 2.0 4.0 6.2 3.4 5.8 i 2.8 5.2 1.6 2.1 4.8 7.9 6.8 … 1.9 6.6 6.3 i 2.8 3.0 4.8 4.5 3.9 4.3 2.0 1.5 4.4 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 7.6 i 2.7 3.3 3.0 4.8 i 1.6 5.4 5.8

2000 5.6 6.2 3.0 3.2 7.0 1.6 i 4.4 5.1 2.0 2.5 4.4 i 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.7 5.7 2.4 3.9 i 3.7 4.0 1.7 1.9 3.3 7.6 6.1 … 1.8 4.4 4.4 i 2.5 2.7 4.5 3.7 2.9 3.6 1.3 1.5 3.1 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 6.0 i 2.4 2.3 2.3 4.6 i 1.3 4.6 4.2

MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rate d (per 1000 women)

2007 4.8 5.6 2.6 2.6 6.5 1.4 i 3.8 4.4 1.9 2.2 3.8 i 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 5.2 2.1 3.2 i 3.0 3.3 1.7 2.0 2.8 7.2 5.4 … 1.8 3.0 3.5 i 2.5 2.6 3.8 3.1 2.5 3.3 1.2 1.5 2.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 5.9 i 2.3 2.2 2.2 4.0 i 1.3 3.9 3.4

Male

2000–2007

1990– 1999

154 178 13 8 190 17 88 88 35 82 51 … 19 16 18 185 … 51 69 106 4 29 109 199 126 28 9 11 20 31 85 70 65 59 55 13 17 16 2 25 35 28 40 74 49 57 29 1 91 7

… 64.1 82.9 96.3 19.0 87.9 … … 79.9 87.6 … … … … 41.6 38.7 … 75.8 … 33.0 … … … … 55.4 … … … 42.7 … 88.8 … 90.3 87.2 93.6 99.1 87.9 83.3 … … 96.7 … 57.9 … … … 97.9 … 73.2 70.8

2000– 2007 70.7 71.8 91.9 97.0 23.3 91.6 … 55.8 87.4 92.4 … … 97.3 … 55.6 44.4 89.9 88.0 … 56.5 … … 80.5 30.4 72.0 … … 84.4 54.9 … 93.4 57.8 93.7 90.5 93.4 99.3 94.9 90.2 … 99.2 97.6 99.5 64.9 … … … 98.7 … 87.9 85.0

Gross national income per capita f (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratio e (%)

Adult literacy rate e (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2007

63 99 99 97 55 94 … 65 90 97 … … 87 … 76 58 … 78 … 72 100 99 76 31 … 99 100 81 … 99 96 … 96 98 92 96 … 92 99 … 96 … … … 97 … 92 … 86 …

98 84 99 97 70 92 90 78 95 98 … … 88 … 91 79 … 84 … 78 99 99 90 50 68 … 98 72 73 98 99 … 94 96 90 96 98 94 100 84 93 91 92 91 99 94 86 … 98 …

137

1990– 1999 63 97 97 98 38 96 … 64 91 97 … … 90 … 65 46 … 83 … 57 99 99 77 21 … 98 100 81 … 94 96 … 96 97 92 96 … 92 94 … 95 … … … 96 … 91 … 85 …

2000– 2007 99 90 99 97 56 91 89 83 96 97 … … 89 … 86 73 … 89 … 74 97 99 90 37 58 … 98 74 57 94 98 … 95 97 92 96 98 94 93 82 93 91 95 96 98 88 88 … 96 …

1990

2000

2007

680 440 4 660 … 540 10 540 … 1 210 4 120 5 990 … … 1 500 … 1 920 290 250 2 530 … 520 17 540 13 480 1 320 480 950 … 17 290 9 920 1 270 … 4 190 1 190 2 920 3 130 1 750 5 160 10 660 … 8 200 2 790 5 710 9 120 500 5 930 4 830 2 990 2 820 … … 14 710

750 610 8 440 2 650 750 17 590 … 1 430 7 510 8 950 2 800 … 1 790 5 720 2 560 420 520 3 510 … 810 30 000 19 420 1 780 500 1 130 … 35 600 14 460 1 690 … 6 850 1 630 3 310 4 830 2 490 10 410 16 650 … 16 370 1 310 6 030 7 440 560 9 690 6 930 4 720 2 730 … … 17 530

920 750 13 570 5 040 1 040 l 20 990 … 2 010 11 390 12 580 3 270 … 3 160 10 290 3 990 690 … 5 120 … 1 040 39 310 26 340 2 520 630 1 770 … 53 320 j 19 740 2 570 … 10 610 1 870 4 380 7 240 3 730 15 330 20 890 … 24 750 2 930 10 980 14 400 860 13 320 9 430 7 170 3 930 … 1 630 22 910

MDG 1 Population living <$1 g (PPP int. $) a day (%) 2005 67.8 73.9 <1.0 … 51.4 … … 13.4 … 1.7 … … 22.4 … 3.0 68.2 … 43.8 … 54.7 … … … 65.9 62.4 … … … 22.6 … … … 9.3 8.2 22.6 <1.0 … … … 8.1 <1.0 <1.0 74.4 … 2.8 … … … … …

Table 9

Total fertility rate a (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State

Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor–Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Population

Civil registration coverage (%)

a

Total (‘000s)

Median age

Under 15 (%)

Over 60 (%)

2007

2007

2007

2007

1987– 1997

1997– 2007

1990

2000

2007

12 379 9 858 87 5 866 4 436 5 390 2 002 496 8 699 48 577 44 279 19 299 38 560 458 1 141 9 119 7 484 19 929 6 736 63 884 2 038

19 37 … 18 39 36 41 20 18 24 40 30 20 26 19 41 41 21 20 33 35

42 18 24 43 18 16 14 40 44 32 15 23 40 29 39 17 16 36 38 21 19

6 19 10 5 14 17 21 5 4 7 22 10 6 9 5 24 22 5 5 12 16

2.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 2.7 0.4 0.4 2.8 –0.2 2.3 0.2 1.1 2.5 0.8 2.5 0.5 0.8 2.8 2.0 1.2 0.7

2.6 –0.4 1.1 3.3 1.8 0.0 0.1 2.6 3.0 1.2 1.1 0.5 2.2 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.4 2.6 1.3 0.8 0.3

39 50 49 30 100 56 50 14 30 52 75 17 27 68 23 83 68 49 32 29 58

41 51 51 37 100 56 51 16 33 57 76 16 36 72 23 84 73 50 26 31 63

42 52 54 37 100 56 49 18 36 60 77 15 43 75 25 84 73 54 26 33 66

55 h 99 >90 h 48 >90 >90 >90 … h 3 h,k 78 >90 >90 h 33 h 97 h 30 >90 >90 h 95 h 88 h 99 >90

h

<25 … >75 <25 75–89 90–100 90–100 … <25 75–89 90–100 50–74 <25 75–89 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 50–74 75–89 90–100

1 155 6 585 100 1 333 10 327 74 877 4 965 11 30 884 46 205 4 380 60 769 40 454 305 826 3 340 27 372 226 27 657 87 375 22 389 11 922 13 349

17 18 21 29 28 27 24 … 15 39 30 39 18 36 33 23 20 25 26 17 17 20

45 43 37 21 25 27 30 33 49 14 20 18 44 20 23 32 39 31 28 45 46 38

5 5 9 10 9 8 6 8 4 21 2 22 5 17 18 6 5 8 8 4 5 5

1.9 3.0 0.5 0.7 1.8 1.8 2.5 1.0 3.5 –0.2 5.5 0.3 3.1 1.1 0.7 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.0 4.2 2.7 2.5

3.3 3.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.6 3.1 –0.8 4.7 0.4 2.5 1.0 0.2 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.4 3.0 2.0 0.9

21 30 23 9 60 59 45 41 11 67 79 89 19 75 89 40 19 84 20 21 39 29

25 37 23 11 63 65 45 46 12 67 77 89 22 79 91 37 22 91 24 25 35 34

27 41 24 13 66 68 48 49 13 68 78 90 25 81 92 37 24 93 27 30 35 37

53 h 78 >90 h 96 … h 84 h 96 … h 21 >90 … >90 h 8 >90 >90 h 100 … >90 h 88 h 22 h 10 h 74

h,k

<25 <25 … 75–89 25–49 50–74 … >75 <25 90–100 75–89 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 50–74 … 90–100 <25 <25 <25 25–49

138

Annual growth rate (%)

Living in urban areas (%)

Births b

Deaths c

2000–2007

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

1990

2000

MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rate d (per 1000 women)

2007

2000–2007

Male 1990– 1999

2000– 2007

Gross national income per capita f (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratio e (%)

Adult literacy rate e (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2007

1990– 1999

2000– 2007

MDG 1 Population living <$1 g (PPP int. $) a day (%)

1990

2000

2007

6.6 2.1 i 2.5 6.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 5.9 6.8 3.6 1.3 2.5 6.0 2.7 5.7 2.0 1.5 5.5 5.2 2.1 1.9

5.5 1.7 i 1.9 6.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 4.6 6.6 2.9 1.2 2.1 5.1 2.7 4.2 1.6 1.4 3.7 4.0 1.9 1.6

4.7 1.8 i 1.7 6.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 3.9 6.1 2.7 1.4 1.9 4.3 2.4 3.5 1.8 1.4 3.1 3.4 1.8 1.4

100 24 54 98 6 21 5 … 123 54 12 28 … 63 111 6 4 75 27 46 19

… … 87.8 … 89.1 … 99.5 … … 82.4 96.5 … … … … … … … … … 94.1

42.6 … 91.8 38.1 94.4 … 99.7 … … 88.0 97.4 91.5 60.9 90.4 79.6 … … 83.1 99.6 94.1 97.0

57 … … … … … 97 … … 93 100 … … … 73 … 94 95 … … 94

72 95 99 … … 92 96 62 … 86 100 99 45 93 78 95 89 97 99 94 92

50 … … … … … 95 … … 94 100 … … … 75 … 94 88 … … 92

72 95 100 … … 92 95 61 … 86 99 100 37 95 79 95 89 92 95 94 92

950 … 8 230 440 17 870 … … 1 170 … 5 430 13 250 1 460 670 3 770 3 640 18 870 25 390 2 070 2 220 2 960 5 750

1 220 5 880 13 320 330 33 200 10 830 17 190 1 380 … 6 460 21 120 2 580 1 040 4 650 4 250 27 090 33 810 3 150 820 5 000 6 080

1 640 10 220 15 450 660 48 520 19 340 26 640 1 680 … 9 560 30 820 4 210 1 880 7 640 4 930 36 590 43 870 4 370 1 710 7 880 8 510

33.5 … … 49.9 … 0.0 0.0 … … 20.6 … 10.3 … … 62.4 … … … 21.5 <1.0 <1.0

5.3 6.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.0 4.3 i 3.1 7.1 1.9 4.4 1.8 6.1 2.0 2.5 4.2 4.9 3.4 3.7 8.1 6.5 5.2

7.1 5.6 3.8 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.8 i 3.1 6.9 1.2 2.7 1.7 5.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 4.4 2.8 2.4 6.3 5.8 3.8

6.6 4.9 3.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.5 i 3.0 6.5 1.2 2.3 1.8 5.2 2.1 2.1 2.5 3.8 2.6 2.2 5.5 5.2 3.2

59 … 16 35 6 51 20 22 159 30 23 26 139 41 63 26 … 91 35 80 146 101

… … 98.9 96.9 … 79.2 98.8 … 56.1 … … … … … 96.8 … 65.5 89.8 90.3 37.1 68.0 83.5

… 53.2 99.2 98.7 77.7 88.7 99.5 … 73.6 99.7 90.4 … 72.3 … 98.0 96.9 78.1 93.0 … 58.9 … 91.2

… 89 90 87 94 … … … … … 80 100 49 94 … … 92 85 … 70 69 83

64 82 97 85 96 93 … … … 89 91 98 98 91 100 … 88 92 96 85 94 87

… 70 86 88 92 … … … … … 79 100 50 94 … … 91 86 … 41 67 83

62 72 94 85 97 89 … … … 89 90 99 97 93 100 … 87 92 91 65 94 88

… 610 1 860 6 580 2 810 5 970 … … 390 5 970 38 760 15 810 590 22 940 4 880 … 2 530 6 820 610 1 280 820 …

820 680 2 810 10 370 4 600 8 600 … … 660 3 170 38 110 25 440 760 35 190 7 750 1 420 2 940 8 380 1 400 1 710 870 …

3 080 800 3 650 22 490 7 130 12 350 j 4 350 … 920 6 810 n 44 340 33 800 1 200 45 850 11 040 2 430 3 410 11 920 2 550 2 200 1 220 …

… 38.7 … … 1.0 2.7 … … 51.5 <1.0 … … 82.4 … … … … 10.0 22.8 17.5 64.3 …

139

2005

Table 9

Total fertility rate a (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State

Population

Total (‘000s)

Median age

Under 15 (%)

Over 60 (%)

2007

2007

2007

2007

Civil registration coverage (%)

a

Annual growth rate (%) 1987– 1997

Living in urban areas (%)

1997– 2007

1990

2000

Births b

2007

Deaths c

2000–2007

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Maximum Median

2 1 336 317 6 857

15 44 25

13 49 30

2 28 8

–2.1 5.5 1.8

–3.1 4.7 1.3

5 100 49

9 100 54

10 100 56

3 100 90

… … …

792 378 905 349 1 745 394 889 278 551 047 1 775 595

18 30 25 37 22 33

43 26 31 18 35 22

5 12 8 19 6 12

2.8 1.5 1.9 0.4 2.5 1.3

2.5 1.2 1.6 0.2 2.0 0.8

29 73 26 68 44 34

34 77 29 69 47 41

37 79 32 70 49 47

… … … … … …

… … … … … …

1 304 892 3 501 542 829 686 1 022 884 6 659 040

20 28 30 39 28

39 27 24 18 28

5 9 12 20 11

2.6 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.6

2.2 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.3

25 32 69 73 43

29 38 73 76 47

32 42 75 77 49

… … … … …

… … … … …

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income Global

140

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rate d (per 1000 women)

Male 1990– 1999

1.2 7.2 2.5

1 199 43

12.2 99.6 79.9

23.3 99.8 88.0

31 100 92

32 100 91

21 100 91

5.5 2.4 3.0 1.6 4.0 1.9

5.1 2.2 2.7 1.6 3.4 1.8

117 61 56 24 35 11

51.8 … 52.0 … 53.1 79.0

63.4 91.3 70.5 97.7 67.2 93.0

63 94 … 97 87 …

76 94 91 95 82 …

57 94 … 97 78 …

4.7 2.5 2.1 1.7 2.7

4.2 2.3 2.0 1.7 2.6

98 33 50 21 48

49.4 68.3 89.5 … 68.3

2000

1.3 8.1 3.7

1.1 7.8 2.7

6.2 2.7 3.8 1.9 5.5 2.3

5.7 3.1 2.7 1.8 3.2

2007

2000– 2007

60.3 82.9 94.1 … 81.3

1990– 1999

Female

2000–2007

1990

Gross national income per capita f (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratio e (%)

Adult literacy rate e (%)

2000– 2007

… … 95 96 …

78 91 94 95 88

141

1990– 1999

… … 95 96 …

2000– 2007

MDG 1 Population living <$1 g (PPP int. $) a day (%)

1990

2000

2007

0 100 91

250 38 760 2 970

210 46 510 4 385

290 63 590 6 580

0.0 86.1 19.7

71 94 88 94 69 …

1 305 11 808 984 11 808 3 029 2 829

1 492 17 385 1 661 15 246 4 371 4 914

2 141 22 868 2 910 21 612 6 438 8 340

50.8 … … … 11.7 …

70 88 94 95 84

733 1 300 6 255 18 556 4 847

990 2 351 7 686 27 434 6 867

1 534 4 461 11 926 36 292 9 872

2005

45.3 … 4.4 … …

Table 9

Total fertility rate a (per woman)

Footnotes These summary tables represent the best estimates of WHO – based on evidence available in 2004 – rather than the official estimates of Member States. These estimates have been computed using standard categories and methods to ensure cross-national comparability. Therefore, they are not always the same as official national estimates, nor necessarily endorsed by specific Member States. For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, figures refer to the latest available year in the range; except in Health inequities, where the figures refer to the period specified. For specific years, indicator definitions and metadata, please refer to http://www.who.int/whosis. ... Data not available or not applicable. The global, regional and income aggregates for rates and ratios are weighted averages when relevant while for absolute numbers they are the sums. Certain Member States do not have an associated income group and are not included in aggregate calculations. Aggregates are calculated only if data are available for 50% of the population within the group.

Table 1

Mortality and burden of disease

a

Life tables for WHO Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/whosis/database/ life_tables/life_tables.cfm).

b

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) estimates use methods described in the statistical annex to The world health report 2004 – Changing history. Estimates for 2007 have been revised to take into account the Global Burden of Disease estimates for Member States for the year 2004 and may not be entirely comparable with those for 2002 published in World Health Statistics 2007. These estimates have been computed using standard categories and methods to ensure cross-national comparability. Therefore, they are not always the same as official national estimates, nor necessarily endorsed by specific Member States.

c

Neonatal and perinatal mortality: country, regional and global estimates 2004. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241596145_eng.pdf ).

Table 2

Cause-specific mortality and morbidity

a

Maternal mortality in 2005: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/maternal_mortality_2005/mme_2005.pdf ). Income group aggregates are calculated using World Bank list of economies 2005.

b

Based on the 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, UNAIDS and World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex: HIV and AIDS estimates and data, 2007 and 2001 (http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/jc1510_2008_ global_report_pp211_234_en.pdf ). Ranges of estimates are available from this document.

c

World malaria report 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/malaria/wmr2008). See Annex 1: Estimating the numbers of malaria cases and deaths by country in 2006.

d

These are classified as deaths from tuberculosis (A15–A19, B90) according to the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992. Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, planning, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/ TB/2009.411) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report).

e

These deaths are classified as HIV disease resulting in tuberculosis (B20.0) according to the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992. They are already counted in the number of deaths from HIV/AIDS (B20–B24). Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, planning, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411) (http://www.who. int/tb/publications/global_report).

f

Mortality and burden of disease estimates for WHO Member States in 2004. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls).

g

Rates are age-standardized to WHO’s world standard population. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (GPE Discussion Paper Series No. 31) (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper31.pdf ).

h

YLL, years of life lost. 142

i

The sum of individual proportions may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

j

Communicable diseases include maternal causes, conditions arising during the perinatal period and nutritional deficiencies.

k

Neonatal causes include diarrhoea occurring during the neonatal period. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE, WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet, 2005, 365:1147–1152. Mortality profiles. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/whosis/mort/profiles/ en/). Neonatal causes represent causes arising in the perinatal period which is a subset of the causes of death in the neonatal period.

l

TB, tuberculosis. Data are for all forms of TB including TB in people with HIV infection. Global tuberculosis control: epidemiology, planning, financing: WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/ TB/2009.411) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report).

Table 3

Selected infectious diseases

a

Cholera, 2007. Weekly epidemiological record, 2008, 31:269–284 (http://www.who.int/wer).

b

WHO/UNICEF estimates of disease incidence [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/immunization_monitoring/en/globalsummary/timeseries/tsincidencedip.htm).

c

Confirmed cases reported to WHO’s Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response.

d

Cases are confirmed by laboratory testing.

e

Global leprosy situation, beginning of 2008. Weekly epidemiological record, 2008, 33:293–300 (http://www.who.int/wer).

f

World malaria report 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/malaria/wmr2008/).

g

Suspected meningitis cases reported to WHO’s Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response.

h

Cases compiled by the WHO Regional Office for Africa.

i

Number of new smear-positive cases notified under DOTS to WHO. Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, planning, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411) (http://www.who. int/tb/publications/global_report).

Table 4

Health service coverage

a

WHO reproductive health indicators database, 2008 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who. int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/RHRxmls/RHRmainpage.htm).

b

WHO global database on births attended by skilled health personnel, 2008 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/index.html).

c

Proportion of neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus through maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid, based on a mathematical model taking into account the mother’s immunization in infancy, during pregnancy and in tetanus campaigns. The model is described in: Griffiths UK, Wolfson LJ, Quddus A, Younus M, Hafiz RA. Incremental cost–effectiveness of supplementary immunization activities to prevent neonatal tetanus in Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2004, 82:643–651.

d

Measles, measles-containing vaccines (MCV); DTP3, 3 doses of diphtheria–tetanus toxoid–pertussis vaccine; HepB3, 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine; Hib3, 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/immunization_ monitoring/routine/immunization_coverage/en/index4.html). Estimates based on data available up to September 2008. For countries recommending the first dose of measles vaccine in children older than 12 months of age, the indicator is calculated as the proportion of children less than 24 months of age receiving one dose of measles-containing vaccine.

e

Data compiled by WHO from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). (http://www.measuredhs.com, http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_24302.html).

f

World malaria report 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/malaria/wmr2008). See Annex 6.

g

Women with unmet need are those who are married or cohabiting and reportedly fertile but not using contraception at the time of the survey, and who reported not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the next child. 143

Footnotes

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Footnotes h

World contraceptive use 2007 [wall chart]. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2008.

i

PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Point estimates are published only for countries with a generalized epidemic. Regional and level-of-income aggregates are based on data for all low- and middle-income countries when available.

j

Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report, 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2008. Ranges of estimates are available from this document.

k

TB, tuberculosis; DOTS, internationally recommended TB control strategy. The detection rate is the number of new smear-positive cases notified under DOTS to WHO divided by the estimated number of new smear-positive cases. Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, planning, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411) (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report).

l

The treatment success rate is the percentage of new smear-positive patients registered for treatment under DOTS who were cured (with laboratory confirmation) or completed their course of treatment. Global tuberculosis control : epidemiology, planning, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.411) (http:// www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report).

m

Data are preliminary or provisional.

n

Includes <5% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives.

o

Data pertain to sexually active women of reproductive age.

p

Institutional births.

q

Includes deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives – range not available.

r

Includes >15% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives.

s

Includes 5–15% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives.

t

Unmet for contraceptives reported by women who wish to limit the number of pregnancies they have.

u

Data pertain to men and women of reproductive age who are cohabiting.

v

5 or more visits.

w

Estimate.

x

Unmet need for modern methods of contraception.

y

3 or more visits.

z

Data pertain to all women of reproductive age.

aa

Data from the public sector only.

ab

Including women in non-cohabiting but regular partnerships.

ac

6 or more visits.

ad

Excluding Northern Ireland.

Table 5

Risk factors

a

Joint monitoring programme for water supply and sanitation [online database]. Geneva, WHO, UNICEF, 2008 (http://www. wssinfo.org/en/wecome.html).

b

UNICEF global database on low birthweight. New York, UNICEF, 2008 (http://www.childinfo.org/low_birthweight_ profiles.php).

c

WHO global data bank on infant and young child feeding [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/nutrition/databases/infantfeeding/en/index.html).

144

d

Global database on child growth and malnutrition [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http:// www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/database/en). Prevalence estimates are based on WHO standards.

e

Comparisons between countries may be limited owing to differences in sample characteristics or survey years. Source: Global database on body mass index (BMI) [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who. int/bmi).

f

Global information system on alcohol and health [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www. who.int/globalatlas/DataQuery/default.asp).

g

WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. See Appendix III, Age Standardized Prevalence Estimates for WHO Member States. Definition: Smoking at the time of the survey of any form of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, bidis, etc. For calculating the global number of smokers, non-age standardized prevalence estimates are used.

h

WHO/CDC global youth tobacco survey (GYTS). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/ global/GYTS/results.htm). Data relate to tobacco use in any form in the past 30 days.

i

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 who had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months reporting the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Data is from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and excludes country reported data. 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators.

j

Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission. Data is from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and excludes country reported data. 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators.

k

City surveys were extrapolated into country figures reported here.

l

Lower limit is greater than15.

m

Upper limit is 49.

n

Upper limit is between 54 and 60.

o

Self-reported data.

p

Data was not validated by country focal point in time for publication of this report.

q

Upper limit is greater than or equal to 65.

r

Upper limit is 64.

Table 6

Health workforce, infrastructure, essential medicines

a

Source: WHO global atlas of the health workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/ globalatlas/autologin/hrh_login.asp). Please see this source for the latest updates, disaggregated health workforce statistics and metadata descriptors.

b

Depending on the organization of the national health system and data availability, may include a large range of cadres of health service providers such as pharmacists, laboratory health workers, environmental and public health workers, medical assistants, dieticians and nutritionists, rehabilitation therapists, operators of medical and dentistry equipment, optometrists and opticians, personal care workers, psychologists, traditional medicine practitioners and others.

c

Sources: PAHO basic indicators 2008. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.paho.org/ English/SHA/coredata/tabulator/newTabulator.htm); European health for all database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2008 (http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb); Country health information profiles (CHIPS). Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008 (http://www.wpro.who.int/countries/countries.htm); Core health indicators and MDGs. New Delhi, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2008 (http://203.90.70.117/esidas/CoreHealthData.asp); additional data compiled by WHO Regional Office for Africa and WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.

d

Source: Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard methods conducted between 2001 and 2007. Available from http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/. In individual surveys, availability is reported as the percentage of medicine outlets in which a medicine was found on the day of data collection. As baskets of medicines 145

Footnotes

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Footnotes differ by country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. Median availability is determined for the specific list of medicines in each survey and do not account for alternate dosage forms or strengths of these products or therapeutic alternatives. Public sector data may be limited by the fact that the list of survey medicines may not correspond to national essential medicine lists (where these exist), and some public sector facilities may not be expected to stock all of the survey medicines. This has been addressed in the revised edition of the survey tool, which allows public sector data to be analysed by essential medicine list status and level of care. e

Consumer price ratio = ratio of median local unit price to Management Sciences for Health (MSH) international reference price of selected generic medicines. Source: Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard methods conducted between 2001 and 2007. Available from http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/. Data are unadjusted for differences in MSH reference price year used, exchange rate fluctuations, national inflation rates, variations in purchasing power parities, levels of development or other factors. In each survey, median consumer price ratios are obtained for the basket of medicines surveyed and found in at least four medicine outlets. As baskets of medicines differ by country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. However, data about specific medicines is publicly available on http://www. haiweb.org/medicineprices/ and matched basket comparisons on a subset of medicines can be made.

f

Hospital beds include inpatient and maternity beds. Maternity beds are included, while cots and delivery beds are excluded.

g

Data refer to year prior to 2000.

h

Availability data were excluded as they were assessed using different methods from those used in the current WHO/HAI method.

i

Did not survey public sector medicine outlets.

j

Refers to the public sector only.

k

Simple average of two surveys of medicine prices and availability in Shandong and Shanghai provinces, China.

l

Medicines are provided free to patients in the public sector.

m

Simple average of seven surveys of medicine prices and availability in India (Chennai, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra (12 districts), Maharashtra (4 regions), Rajasthan and West Bengal).

n

As per modifications to the WHO/HAI standard methodology for measuring medicine price and availability, mean % availability is reported.

o

Based on a survey of medicine prices and availability in Gauteng province, South Africa.

p

Simple average of three surveys of medicine prices and availability in Sudan (Gadarif, Khartoum and Kordofan states).

Table 7

Health expenditures

a

Health expenditure series. Geneva, World Health Organization, February 2009 (latest updates are available on http:// www.who.int.nha/country/en/index.html). The regional, income and global figures are calculated using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms. Ratios with numbers less than 0.05% may appear as zero. For per capita expenditure indicators, this is represented as <1. Countries where fiscal year begins in July; expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year, e.g. data for 2006 are for fiscal year 2005–2006.

b

In some cases the sum of the ratios of general government and private expenditures on health may not add to 100 because of rounding.

c

A new Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) series resulting from the 2005 International Comparison Project (ICP) estimated by the World Bank has been used.

d

Estimates should be interpreted with caution as these are derived from scarce data.

e

Ratios published in this report are calculated using the licit GDP (i.e. excluding opium) and government expenditures excluding external development budget expenditures.

f

Missing per capita expenditure on health levels are due to nonavailability of purchasing power parity. International $ values.

g

About 30% of the expenditure in residential aged care facilities has a health purpose, but it is difficult to estimate routinely so it is not included in health at present. This health expenditure was about $2.1 billion in 2005–2006 or 0.2% of GDP.

146

h

Adjustments for currency change were made for the entire series.

i

Per capita expenditure on health levels is based on preliminary purchasing power parity international $ estimates.

j

Estimates updated using newly accessed data from national health accounts, surveys, or information provided during national consultation.

k

The General Government Expenditure on Health (GGHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) estimates for 2000 correspond to the concepts and definitions described in OECD Health Data, also implemented by WHO/NHA. The GGHE and PvtHE estimates for 2006 correspond to the concepts and definitions adopted by the Joint Health Accounts Questionnaire Eurostat-OECD-WHO.

l

For description of 2000 estimates see WHO/NHA web site. 2006 estimates correspond to the concepts and definitions adopted by the Joint Health Accounts Questionnaire Eurostat-OECD-WHO.

m

Recent census in the country has shown differences in population data. However, the per capita levels in this table are estimated based on UNPOP data.

n

Data for financial year ending 30 June are taken for the later year. Population data revised with United Nations Population Division 2006 revision.

o

Exchange rate changed from 2.15 Won in 2001 to 152 Won in 2002. This explains sudden changes in per capita levels between 2000 and 2005.

p

The sources of the data reported are financial accounts not the satellite accounts.

q

Healh expenditure data and the population data after year 2000 do not include those of Transdniestria.

r

Exchange rate changed in 2002 from multiple to a managed floating exchange rate. Inter-bank market rate used prior to 2002.

s

The estimates do not include expenditures of northern Iraq.

t

The public expenditure on health includes contributions from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to Palestinian refugees residing in Jordanian territories.

u

After the declaration of independence on 3 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro are now separate states. Health expenditures for the previous years have been estimated separately for each of the countries.

v

The market exchange rate is used to estimate the per capita figures.

w

The estimates do not include the expenditures of the provinces of Kosovo and Metohia, which are under the administration of the United Nations.

x

The exchange rate used for Syrian Arab Republic is the rate for non-commercial transactions from the Central Bank of Syria.

y

GDP does not include the income from petroleum.

z

Fiscal year ended in June up to 2007. Transition period second quarter of 2007 to make fiscal year equal to calendar year. Expenditure data have been allocated to the previous calendar year, e.g. data for 2005 are for fiscal year 2005–2006 and adjusted for 2007.

Table 8

Health inequities

a

Sources: Unless otherwise stated, data are derived from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) since 1990. The DHS figures stratified by “place of residence” and “educational level of mother” were extracted using STATcompiler software or DHS reports (http://www.measuredhs.com/, accessed on December 1, 2008). The DHS figures stratified by “wealth quintile” were extracted from DHS reports. When not available in the reports – mostly the case in surveys conducted in 2001 or earlier – the figures were extracted from Gwatkin DR, Rutstein S, Johnson K, Suliman E, Wagstaff A, Amouzou A. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population within developing countries: an overview. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2007 (http://go.worldbank.org/XJK7WKSE40). The figures in the “difference” columns may be affected by rounding.

b

Data derived from DHS relate to births occurring in the 5 years preceding the survey, unless otherwise stated. Data derived from MICS relate to births occurring in the 2 years preceding the survey.

c

The data refer to coverage of measles or MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine at 12, 15, 18 or 24 months depending on

147

Footnotes

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009

Footnotes the country. d

For all countries where the source is DHS the under-5 mortality rate relates to the decade preceding the survey, except for Turkey and India where it relates to the five-year period preceding the survey.

e

Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “no education”; highest level is “secondary or higher”.

f

Data are derived from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) (round 3). All MICS figures were extracted from country reports available on the UNICEF web site (http://www.childinfo.org/, accessed 13 February 2009).

g

The figures in parentheses are based on small numbers of cases (25–49 unweighted cases).

h

Data for “births attended by skilled health personnel” relate to births occurring in the three years preceding the survey.

Table 9

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

a

World population prospects: the 2006 revision. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2007.

b

United Nations demographic yearbook 2006. New York, United Nations Statistics Division, 2008 (http://unstats.un.org/ unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2006.htm).

c

WHO mortality database: tables [online database]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/ healthinfo/morttables).

d

World fertility data 2008, CD-ROM, POP/DB/Fert/Rev.2008. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2009.

e

UNESCO Institute for Statistics data centre [online database]. Montreal, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007 (http:// stats.uis.unesco.org, accessed 13 February 2009).

f

PPP int. $, purchasing power parity at international dollar rate. World development indicators 2007. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2008 (http://www.worldbank.org/data, accessed 13 February 2009).

g

World Bank PovcalNet. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2008 (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp, accessed 13 February 2009). These figures reflect the World Bank default poverty line.

h

The standard definition includes the percentage of children less than five years of age who were registered at the moment of the survey. The numerator of this indicator includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer or whose mother or carer says the birth has been registered. The state of the world’s children 2009: Maternal and newborn health. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2009.

i

International Data Base (IDB). Washington, DC, US Census Bureau, 2009 (http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb, accessed 13 February 2009).

j

Data refer to 2005.

k

Differs from the standard definition.

l

Data refer to 2006.

m

For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions of China.

n

Data refer to 2004.

WHO regions* African Region: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,* Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

148

Region of the Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste* European Region: Albania, Andorra,* Armenia,* Austria, Azerbaijan,* Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,* Bulgaria, Croatia,* Cyprus, Czech Republic,* Denmark, Estonia,* Finland, France, Georgia,* Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,* Kyrgyzstan,* Latvia,* Lithuania,* Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro,* Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova,* Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia,* Slovakia,* Slovenia,* Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan,* The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,* Turkey, Turkmenistan,* Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan* Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of ), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Western Pacific Region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands,* Micronesia (Federated States of ),* Mongolia, Nauru,* New Zealand, Niue,* Palau,* Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,* Vanuatu, Viet Nam

Income groups** Low income: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe Lower middle income: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of ), Iraq, Jordan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of ), Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Moldova, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vanuatu Upper middle income: Argentina, Belarus, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Dominica, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Palau, Panama, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Serbia, Seychelles, South Africa, Suriname, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) High income: Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America Cook Islands, Nauru, Niue and Tuvalu are not categorized into income groups and are therefore excluded from the computation of aggregate indices by income group. *

State may have associated figures for periods prior to its membership in WHO.

** World Bank list of economies (July 2008). World Bank, July 2008 (http://siteressources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS). 149

Footnotes

World HealtH StatiSticS 2009