Workforce Divesity Trends

Workforce Diversity Trends A Snapshot of Workforce Diversity Women African Americans Hispanic Americans Asian Americans Native Americans Disabled Americans Gay, Lesbian, Bi-Sexual and Transgender

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1

Women in the Workforce % Increase of Women Executives in the Workforce

Women as % of Workforce Men as % of Workforce

7 3.5

54%

0 2007

2012

46%

2016

Of the 120 million women age 16 years and over in the U.S., 71 million, or 59.3%, were labor force participants—working or looking for work. Women comprised 46% of the total U.S. labor force and are projected to account for 47% of the labor force in 2016. Women are projected to account for 49% of the increase in total labor force growth between 2006 and 2016. A record 68 million women were employed in the U.S.--75% of employed women worked on full-time jobs, while 25% worked on a part-time basis. The largest percentage of employed women (39%) worked in management, professional, and related occupations; 34% worked in sales and office occupations; 20% in service occupations; 6% in production, transportation, and material moving occupations; and 1% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. Women are the majority of professional and related workers (56.9%) and the majority of office and administrative support workers (75%), yet still the minority of management occupations (36.7%). They are also the majority of those who work in service occupations (57.3%). Women Corporate Leadership may be no more tokenism: There are 16 women CEOs in major positions. It is estimated that the number of female CEOs will triple by 2016. (based on study of the top 1,000 companies). The estimate is that the proportion of female CEOs will increase from

2

Women in the Workforce % Increase of Men in the Workplace

% Increase of Women in the Worplace

50 37.5 25 12.5 0 2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Women comprised 44% of the labor movement in 2006, up from 19% in 1962. Women, and especially women of color, are forming and joining unions at a faster rate than men. Many of the unions organizing in industries dominated by women, such as education and government, have consistently shown much higher win rates than those unions organizing in industries with fewer women members. The women's labor force is projected to increase by 10.9 percent between 2004 and 2014, which is lower than the growth of 13.6 percent between 1994 and 2004. However, women's labor force participation will increase faster than will men's. Consequently, women are projected to increase as a portion of the labor force from 46.4 percent in 2004 to 46.8 percent in 2014, while men's presence in the labor force will decrease, from 53.6 percent in 2004 to 53.2 percent in 2014.

3

African Americans in the Workforce

Of those African Americans in the labor force, about 16 million were employed in 2008. More worked in the education and health services sector than in any other industry sector. In 2008, there were about 4.5 million African Americans — more than 1 in 4 of employed African Americans — working in education and health services. Among all employed persons in the United States, just over 1 in 5 was in education and health services. In 2008, there were 17.7 million African Americans in the labor force — accounting for 11 percent of all Americans aged 16 years and older who were employed or looking for work. The African American labor force is younger than the total labor force; 64 percent of African American labor force participants are under the age of 45, compared with 59 percent of all labor force participants.

4

African Americans in the Workforce

Of those African Americans in the labor force, about 16 million were employed in 2008. More worked in the education and health services sector than in any other industry sector. In 2008, there were about 4.5 million African Americans — more than 1 in 4 of employed African Americans — working in education and health services. Among all employed persons in the United States, just over 1 in 5 was in education and health services.

5

Hispanic Americans in the Workforce Other Ethnicities in the Workforce Hispanics in the Workforce

13%

87%

% Growth rate since 2000

16 12 8 4 0 2000 2002 2004 2008

Hispanics present a significant part of the US workforce, and can be seen at all levels serving in various jobs across the spectrum. The Pew Hispanic Center estimates US Hispanics to represent 13.6% of the total US workforce in 2006. The same study, estimates 36.7% of US job growth to consist of Hispanic applicants. Hispanic employment has been growing at approximately a rate of 16% since 2000, or the general population's employment growth has been growing at 2% on average according to HispanTelligence. By 2014, the Hispanic labor force is expected to reach 25.8 million, due to faster population growth resulting from a younger population, higher fertility rates, and increased immigration levels. In agriculture, as a percentage of the general US population, Hispanics represent 19.4% of the agricultural workforce in the US. African-Americans-2.7% of the agricultural workforce. Asian-Americans- 1.2% of the agricultural workforce. In construction, as a percentage of the general US population, Hispanics represent 25.1% of the construction workforce in the US. African-Americans- 5.5% of the construction workforce. Asian-Americans-1.2% of the construction workforce. In the hospitality industry, as a percentage of the general US population, Hispanics represent 25.1% of the hospitality workforce in the US. African-Americans-10.5% of the hospitality workforce. AsianAmericans-5.9% of the hospitality workforce.

6

Hispanic Americans in the Workforce U.S. Non-Hispanic Population U.S. Hispanic Population

13%

88% Hispanics constitute the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, following a surge in population growth of 58 percent between 1990 and 2000, Hispanics now comprise 12.5 percent of the nation's total population. More than one in eight people in the United States are of Hispanic origin. And by all indications, these numbers will continue to grow. From 2000 to 2001, Hispanics accounted for more than half the country's population growth. Roughly 1.7 million Hispanics either immigrated to or were born in the United States in that year alone, helping that demographic's workforce to swell to nearly 15 million. The growth rate of the Hispanic workforce is four times that of the non-Hispanic workforce. And in the landscape industry alone, Hispanics represent more than one-fifth of the entire workforce, according to the American Immigration Law Foundation. “This new labor force is replacing a workforce that is aging out,” says Bill Herrera Beardall, assistant director of facility operations for grounds management and fleet services at North Carolina State University (Raleigh, N.C.). “They are doing the jobs that the older population won't do any more — can't do any more.”

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Asian Americans Asian American Population by 2050

40000000 30000000 20000000 10000000 0 2007

2025

2050

Asian-Americans are being recognized for their talent yet the board data and top leadership positions are low. Barely 1% of Fortune 500 companies have Asian-Pacific American directors, according to a report by the Committee of 100, a group of Chinese-American leaders in business, academics and the arts. “The committee calls it "a dramatic under-representation of Asian-Pacific Americans," given that the nation's 11 million Asian-Pacific Americans make up 4% of the U.S. population. Asian-Pacific American numbers are projected to grow to 33.4 million by 2050, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.” The number of Asians in the workforce is also growing rapidly, but this group will remain the smallest racial/ethnic group in the labor force well beyond 2014. In 2004 Asians made up 4.3 percent of the workforce; by 2014 their share will increase to 5.1 percent, Although Asian-American small businesses are soaring. Asian-Americans are represented more on NASDAQ and high tech company boards and senior management. At one point Asian Americans according to Goldsea comprised 60% of the professional and technical workforce of Silicon Valley . The opportunity to place strong Asian-American talent into senior management is strong, especially with those with ties to China and India and other areas where companies are doing strong business.

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Native Americans % Increase in Population of Off-reservation Indians % Increase in Population of Reservation-based Indians

30 22.5 15 7.5 0 1990

% of Native Americans in the Workforce Other Ethnicities

2009

1%

99% Of the 20.8 million businesses in the U.S., not including agriculture, American Indians and Alaska Natives accounted for 0.9 percent of business owners, 0.3 percent of employment, and 0.2 percent of receipt. American Indian employees represented 2.0 percent of the Federal workforce and .9 percent of the Civilian Labor force. According to the Census Bureau, American Indians and Alaska Natives suffer from the highest poverty rates in the nation. The rate was more than two times the national average (11.7 percent). However, they were the only group to have seen a drop in poverty. Between 1990 and 2008, the American Indian population increased dramatically, by 25% for reservationbased Indians and 21% for off-reservation Indians.

9

Disabled Americans Employed Disabled Americans Unemployed DIsabled Americans

25%

75%

The current labor shortage is creating an opportunity for the disabled to enter the workforce in record numbers. Their influx into corporate America will be supported by new technologies that will enable disabled people to perform tasks hitherto impossible for them. Despite the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was passed in 1990, only 25 percent of the country's disabled who are also of working age are employed. Of the 75 percent who aren't working, Harris Polls indicate that two-thirds of them wish they could be. In fiscal 2007, for example, there were 810 newly hired employees with severe disabilities, while 2,197 severely disabled employees left the government's workforce. Data suggest that federal employment of the disabled peaked in fiscal 1994, when there were 31,337 such employees in government. By 2007, the number of severely disabled workers had dropped to 24,086, the EEOC said. The federal workforce has remained relatively stable, at about 1.8 million, over the past two decades. Experts do not know what accounts for the decline, in part because of a lack of research and data. Some suggest that more disabled workers are retiring, as the baby-boom generation leaves the workforce. Some think that federal hiring practices work against the disabled, and some think the private sector has opened more doors to the disabled over the past decade.

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Gay, Lesbian, Bi-Sexual and Transgender % Increase in same-sex household in U.S.

700 525 350 175 0

1990

Number of same sex households.

2000

Census 2000 counted 601,209 same-sex unmarried partner households in the United States. That is a 314 percent increase from 1990 when the census counted only 145,130 same-sex unmarried partner households. Studies on the total number of gay and lesbian people in the United States show a range from 2 percent to 10 percent of the total population. In the last three elections, the Voter News Service exit poll registered the gay vote between 4 percent and 5 percent. population at 5 percent of the total U.S. population over 18 years of age, (209,128,094). This results in an estimated total gay and lesbian population of 10,456,405. A recent study of gay and lesbian voting habits conducted by Harris Interactive determined that 30 percent of gay and lesbian people are living in a committed relationship in the same residence. 601,209 total gay and lesbian families were reported by the 2000 U.S. Census. 304,148 gay male families, and 297,061 lesbian families. In 1990, the U.S. Census Bureau reported 145,130 total gay and lesbian families. 81,343 male, and 63,787 female. The 2000 numbers represent a 314 percent increase. Gay and lesbian families live in 99.3 percent of all counties in the United States compared to 1990 when gay and lesbian families reported living in 52 percent of all counties. In 2000, only 22 of the 3,219 counties in the United States reported. The Human Rights Campaign estimates that the 2000 U.S. Census count of gay and lesbian families could

11 be undercounted as much as 62 percent.