Word Formation.pdf

WORD FORMATION Make nouns from the verbs given below by adding suitable suffixes: Protect – protection Inform – information Accept – acceptance Prefer – preference

Develop – development Manage – management Require – requirement Maintain – maintenance

Different parts of speech like noun, verb, adjective and adverb are formed by the addition of a syllable mostly at the end of a word. The process of adding syllables is called affixing. The base word to which a syllable is affixed is called the root/stem. When a syllable or a word is affixed at the beginning of the root word, it is called a prefix. When we add it at the end of the base word, it is called a suffix. 1. Suffixes like -ant, -ator, -er, -ist, -or are added to form personal nouns. Immigrate

– immigrant

Terminate

– terminator

Conduct

– conductor

Perform

– performer

Education

– educationist

2. Suffixes like -ance, -ence, -ation, -ion, ism, -ment, -sion, -tion, -ty, -age, -ency can be used to form functional nouns. Refer

- reference

immerse

- immersion

Maintain

- maintance

transparent

- transparency

Invest

- investment

cultivate

- cultivation

Tour

- tourism

secure

- security

Examine

- examination

bond

- bondage

3. Adjectives are formed by adding suffixes like -able, -al, -ative, -ical, -ing, -ive, -ory, -tic. Reason

- reasonable

collect

- collective

Develop

- developing

transit

- transitory

Paralyze

- paralytic

technology

- technological

Environment

- environmental

preserve

- preservative

4. Adverbs are formed by the addition of -ally, -ly, or -lly to most of the adjectives. Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Comprehend

comprehensible

comprehensibly

Communicate

communicative

communicatively

Develop

developing/developed

developmentally

developmental

Exercise I. Form different parts of speech by adding suitable suffixes. Verb Experiment Conclude

Noun Application Conclusion Extraction Labour

Intensify Operation

Adjective Applicable

Laborious Intensive operative

Industrialize Season Systematize Close Signify

Systematic

Vibration Inform Require Dispose

Vibratory

Requirement Disposable Production Motivated

speculate Simplification Reliable Stagnation Generate Restorative

II. a. Form nouns from adjectives able

ecological

brief

pure

frequent

maintainable

wide

destructive

active

innovative

b. Form nouns from verbs acquaint

repeat

allude

recognize

practise

install

oblige

obey

envelop

publish

c. Form verbs from nouns: list

fresh

beauty

priority

furniture

procurement

table

hoarding

friend

pursuit

d. Form verbs from adjectives long

attractive

large

valuable

perfect

useful

clean

fertile

explanatory

practical

ANTONYMS Antonyms of words can be formed by adding negative prefixes like a, an, anti, counter, de, dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, non, un etc. Prefix a an anti counter de dis il im in ir mis non un a. Give the negative forms:

Meaning without/on without against contrary/in opposition to not not not not not not bad / unfavourable not not/reverse action

appropriate

rational

nutrition

productive

centralize

logical

possible

destructible

normal

manage

Example amoral/ afoot anarchy antibiotic counterpart debug disarm illogical immodest inefficient irrelevant misuse non-interference unreal / unlock

b. Change the following words into their opposites by adding suitable prefixes: ability

like

violence

regular

fortune

moral

legal

suitable

c. Give antonyms of the following words by adding suitable negative prefixes: approve

infect

normal

consistent

function

nutrition

forestation

mobile

legible

handle

conventional

relenting

sufficient

purity

sophisticated

sensitive

social

advantage

conductor

relevant

balance

management

pollution

intelligible

permeable

repairable

generate

locate

reversible

renewable

IV. Fill in the following blank spaces with the appropriate form of the word: Noun Chemistry Drama Environment Psychology Botany

Adjective chemical dramatic Environmental Psychological

Person concerned Chemist Dramatist Environmentalist Psychologist Botanist

Therapeutic Sociology Astronomical Economist Politics Physical Technological Special Conservationist Linguistic Nature Diplomat Mechanical Industrialist Ecology Geneticist Scientific Physiologist History

V. Fill in the blanks with two forms of the nouns given, the first one referring to an action and the second one to a substance: Verb Noun 1 Noun 2 catalyse catalysis catalyst corrode corrosion corrosive advertise filter demonstrate conquer absorb indicate detonate print advise terminate consign magnify speculate violate program VI. Add suitable prefixes to the following words to match the meaning given against them: 1. Supersonic

having a speed greater than that of sound

2. Ultrasonic

having a wavelength beyond the violet end of the spectrum

3. Substandard

not having the required or normal quality

4. Hypertension

abnormal blood pressure

5. ----racial

a nation having many races of people

6. ----practical

not practical

7. ----staff

supplementing / supporting staff

8. ----function

not working properly

9. ----value

value something below the level

10. ----little

make something or someone unimportant

11. ----number

more than something

12. ----power

give more power

13. ----sect

division within

14. ----official

not official

15. ----market

store where everything is available

16. ----spection

look into oneself

17. ----developed

a nation not fully developed

18. ----natal

existing before birth

19. ----humanize

take away human qualities

20. ----sonic

below the level of audibility

21. ----conductivity property having zero electrical resistance 22. ----embark

leave aircraft

23. Fault----

without fault, accurate

24. ----stand

endure (something) without giving in

25. ----impose

an image placed over another image

26. ----ficial

a first quick look at an object, situation

27. ----governing

autonomous

28. ----bearable

that cannot be tolerated or endured

29. ----national

operating across boundaries

30. ----mediate

coming between two things, place, etc

31. ----lingual

speaking two languages

32. ----thumbed

a book read often

33. ----achieve

do better than expected

34. ----long

cause to last longer

35. ----zero

less than zero

36. ----sensitive

excessively or abnormally sensitive

37. ----heat

heat before hand

38. ----balance

a weight balancing another

39. ----marine

brilliant deep blue

40. ----orbital

situated above the orbit of the eye

41. ----paid

not earning enough

42. ----tropical

(of regions) near but not in the tropics

43. ----venous

in or into veins

44. ----precious

less valuable than a precious stone

45. ----way

channel

VII. Give five words each using the following prefixes and suffixes. 1. Self

self-help, self-sufficient, self-employment, self-esteem

2. Super supersonic, supernatural supermarket, superpower 3. Sub--4. Anti--5. By--6. ----ment 7. ----ance