Wonders Of The World_new

Wonders of the World The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as depicted by 16th-century Dutch artist Marten Heemskerk For other uses, see Wonders of the World (disambiguation). Various lists of the Wonders of the World have been compiled over the ages to catalogue the most spectacular man-made constructions and natural things in the world. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the first known list of the most remarkable man-made creations of classical antiquity, and was based on guide-books popular among Hellenic sight-seers and only includes works located around the Mediterranean rim. The number seven was chosen because the Greeks believed it to be magical. Many similar lists have been made, including lists for the Medieval World and the Modern World.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The historian Herodotus (484 BC–ca. 425 BC), and the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca 305–240 BC) at the Museum of Alexandria, made early lists of "Seven wonders" but their writings have not survived, except as references. Their wonders included:

Wonders of the Medieval World

Many of the structures on these lists were built much earlier than the Medieval Ages, but were well known. These lists go by names such as "Wonders of the Middle Ages" (implying no specific limitation to seven), "Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages", "Medieval Mind" and "Architectural Wonders of the Middle Ages". Typically representative of the seven greatest wonders of the Medieval world are:

Decemb Channel er 1, May 6, 1994 Tunnel 1987

CN Tower

Strait of Dover, between the United Kingdom and France

June 26, 1976, tallest land structure in the Toronto, February world until Ontario, 6, 1973 September 12, Canada 2007. Surpassed by Burj Dubai

Empire January State May 1, 1931 22, 1930 Building Golden January Gate May 27, 1937 5, 1933 Bridge

New York, NY, U.S. Golden Gate Strait, north of San Francisco, California, U.S. Paraná River, between Brazil and Paraguay

Stonehenge

•

Colosseum

•

Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa

•

Great Wall of China

•

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

•

New Open World Corporation's New Seven Wonders of the World

Hagia Sophia

•

Leaning Tower of Pisa

In 2001 an initiative was started by Swiss corporation New Open World Corporation (NOWC) to choose the New Seven Wonders of the Worldfrom a selection of 200 existing monuments for profit. Twenty-one finalists were announced January 1, 2006. Egypt was not happy with the fact that the only original wonder would have to compete with the likes of the Statue of Liberty, the Sydney Opera House, and other landmarks; and called the project absurd. To solve this, Giza was named an honorary Candidate. The results were announced on July 7, 2007 in Benfica's stadium in a big ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal, and are:

Great Pyramid of Giza

•

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

•

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

•

Taj Mahal

•

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

•

Cairo Citade

•

Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus

•

Ely Cathedra

•

Colossus of Rhodes

•

Cluny Abbey

•

Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Greek category was not "Wonders" but "thaumata"(Greek: Θαύματα), which translates closer to "miracles". The list that we know today was compiled in the Middle Ages—by which time many of the sites were no longer in existence. Today, the only ancient world wonder that still exists is the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Started

•

•

The earliest lists had the Ishtar Gate as the seventh wonder of the world instead of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.

r

Many lists of "wonders of the world" are said to have existed during the Middle Ages, although it is unlikely that these lists originated at that time because the word medieval was not even invented until the Enlightenment-era, and the concept of a "Middle Age" did not become popular until the 16th century. Brewer's refers to them as "later list[s]" suggesting the lists were created after the Middle Ages.

Itaipu Dam

January May 5, 1984 1970

Delta 1950 May 10, 1997 Works Panama January January 7, 1914 Canal 1, 1880

Other sites included on such lists:

Wonders of the modern world Many lists have been made of the greatest structures built during modern times or of the greatest wonders existing today. Some of the most notable lists are presented below.

Wonder Great Wall of China Petra Christ the Redeemer

American Society of Civil Engineers The American Society of Civil Engineers compiled a list of wonders of the modern world: Wonde

Date

Date Finished

Locations

Machu Picchu Chichen Itza Roman Colosseum Taj Mahal

Netherlands Isthmus of Panama

Date of construction 5th century BCE – 16th century CE 6th century BCE Opened 12 October 1931 c.1450 c.600 Completed 80 CE Completed c.1648

Locati on China Jordan Brazil Peru Mexico Italy India

Great Pyramid (Honorary Candidate)

Completed c.2560 BCE

Egypt

USA Today's New Seven Wonders In November 2006 the American national newspaper USA Today in conjunction with the American television show Good Morning America revealed a list of New Seven Wonders as chosen by six judges. The wonders were announced one per day over a week on Good Morning America. An eighth wonder was chosen on November 24 from viewer feedback. Numb er

Wonder

Location

Lhasa, Tibet, China Old City of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel Polar ice caps Polar regions Papahānaumokuākea Marine Hawaii, United National Monument States Internet N/A Yucatán Mayan ruins Peninsula, México Great Migration of Serengeti Tanzania and and Masai Mara Kenya Grand Canyon (viewer-chosen Arizona, United eighth wonder) States

1

Potala Palace

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Seven Natural Wonders of the World Similar to the other lists of wonders, there is no consensus on a list of seven natural wonders of the world, as there has been debate over how large the list should be. One of the many lists was compiled by CNN:

In 1989 CEDAM brought together a panel of marine scientists, including Dr. Eugenie Clark, to pick underwater areas which they considered to be worthy of protection. The results were announced at The National Aquarium in Washington DC by actor Lloyd Bridges, who played in a TV show titled Sea Hunt:

6.

Angkor Wat

Belize Barrier Reef

8.

Bagan Temples & Pagodas

•

Great Barrier Reef

9.

Karnak Temple

•

Deep-Sea Vents

10. Teotihuacán

•

Galápagos Islands

•

1.

Serengeti Migration

Lake Baikal

•

2.

Galápagos Islands

Northern Red Sea

3.

Grand Canyon

4.

Iguazu Falls

5.

Amazon Rainforest

6.

Ngorongoro Crater

7.

Great Barrier Reef

8.

Victoria Falls Bora Bora

Seven Wonders of the Industrial World British author Deborah Cadbury wrote Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, a book telling the stories of seven great feats of engineering of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 2003 the BBC made a seven-part documentary series on the book, with each episode dramatising the construction one of the wonders. The seven industrial wonders are:

Natural travel wonders

•

SS Great Eastern

9.

•

Bell Rock Lighthouse

10. Cappadocia

Great Barrier Reef

•

London sewerage system

•

Harbour of Rio de Janeiro

•

First Transcontinental Railroad

•

Mount Everest

•

Panama Canal

•

Aurora

•

Hoover Dam

The Seven Underwater Wonders of the World was a list drawn up by CEDAM International, an Americanbased non-profit group for divers, dedicated to ocean preservation and research.

Bali

•

•

Seven wonders of the underwater world

5.

Forbidden City

Brooklyn Bridge

Victoria Falls

Machu Picchu

7.

•

•

4.

Palau

Grand Canyon

Parícutin volcano

Taj Mahal

•

•

•

3.

Travel wonders of the world Travel writer Howard Hillman is one of many such writers who has compiled lists of the top man-made and natural tourist travel wonders of the world: Man-made travel wonders

1.

Giza pyramid complex

2.

Great Wall of China

Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza c.2560BC, the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt, and is the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian King Khufu (Cheops in Greek) and constructed over a 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. The Great Pyramid was the tallest manmade structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Visibly all that remains is the underlying step-

pyramid core structure seen today. Many of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base of the Great Pyramid. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories regarding the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction theories are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place. There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished. The so-called Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the main part of a complex setting of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honor of Khufu (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite" pyramid, a raised causeway connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for nobles. Colosseum The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering. Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81–96). The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from both Vespasian's and Titus's family name (Flavius, from the gens Flavia). Originally capable of seating around 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It remained in use for nearly 500 years with the last recorded games being held in the 6th century. As well as the gladiatorial games, other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, reenactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine. It has been estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million wild animals died in the Colosseum games.

Although in the 21st century it is in a ruined condition due to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is now an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.

While the white domed marble and tile mausoleum is most familiar, Taj Mahal is an integrated symmetric complex of structures that was completed around 1648. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer of the Taj Mahal. Golden Gate Bridge Golden Gate Bridge

The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin. Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China (simplified Chinese: 长城; traditional Chinese: 長城; pinyin: Chángchéng; literally "Long City/fortress") or (simplified Chinese: 万里长城; traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng; literally "The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)"[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from Xiongnu attacks during the rule of successive dynasties. Several walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China, were built since the 5th century BC. The most famous is the wall built between 220–200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang; little of it remains; it was much farther north than the current wall, which was built during the Ming Dynasty.[2] The Great Wall stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles)[3] from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia, but stretches to over 6,700 km (4,160 miles) in total.[4] At its peak, the Ming Wall was guarded by more than one million men.[5] It has been estimated that somewhere in the range of 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the centuries-long project of building the wall.[6] Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (pronounced /tɑdʒ mə'hɑl/ or pronounced /tɑʒ mə'hɑl/; Hindi: ता ज महल ; Persian/Urdu: ‫ )تاج محل‬, is a mausoleum located in Agra, India, that was built under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal (also "the Taj") is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."

Carries

6 lanes of U.S. Route 101/State Route 1, pedestrians and bicycles

Crosses

Golden Gate

Locale Maintained by Design

San Francisco, California and Marin County, California Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District Suspension, truss arch & truss causeways

Longest spa n

4,200 feet (1,280 m)

Total length

8,981 feet (2,737 m)

Width

90 feet (27 m)

Height

746 feet (227 m)

Vertical clearance

14 feet (4.3 m) at toll gates, higher truck load possible

Clearance below

220 feet (67 m) at mean higher high water

AADT Opening dat e Toll

118,000 27 May 1937

US$6.00 (southbound) (US$5.00 with FasTrak)

The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101 and State Route 1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County. The Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1937 and has become an internationally recognized symbol of San

Francisco and California. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. It still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. In 2007, it was ranked fifth on the List of America's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects.

Quezon Memorial Circle The Quezon Memorial at Quezon Memorial circle. The Quezon Memorial Circle is a national park and shrine located in Quezon City, former capital of the Philippines (1948-1976). The park is an ellipse bounded by the Elliptical Road. At its center is a mausoleum containing the remains of Manuel Quezon, the second President of the Philippines, and his wife, First Lady Aurora Quezon.

History The site was originally intended as the grounds of the National Capitol to be built in Quezon City. While the cornerstone for the structure was laid in 1940, only the foundations were in place when construction was interrupted by the beginning of the Second World War in the Philippines. After World War II, President Sergio Osmeña issued an executive order stipulating the creation of a Quezon Memorial Committee to raise funds by public subscription to erect a monument to his predecessor, President Manuel Luis Quezon. After a national contest was held for the purpose, a winning design by Filipino architect Federico Ilustre was selected.

Description The monument would consist of three vertical pylons (representing the three main geographic divisions of the country: Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao), 66 meters (217 ft) tall (Quezon's age when he died), surmounted by three mourning angels holding sampaguita (the national flower) wreaths sculpted by the Italian sculptor Monti. The three pylons would in turn circumscribe a drum-like two-story structure containing a gallery from which visitors could look down at Quezon's catafalque, modeled after Napoleon Bonaparte's in the Invalides. The gallery and the catafalque below are lit by an oculus, in turn reminiscent of Grant's Tomb.

marble blocks and the management of memorial funds. It was finally completed in 1978, the centennial of Quezon's birth. His remains were reinterred in the memorial on August 19, 1979. It was during that time that by virtue of a presidential decree, President Ferdinand E. Marcos mandated the site as a National Shrine. The National Historical Institute manages, and has authority, over the monument itself, while the Quezon City government administers the park. On April 28, 2005, the remains of Mrs. Aurora A. Quezon, widow of the president, were solemnly reinterred in the memorial as well.

Other structures Planned auxiliary structures, including a presidential library, museum, and theater, were never built (two smaller museums, one containing the presidential memorabilia of Quezon, and the other containing items on the history of Quezon City, were installed within the monument itself). In the 1980s, missing, lost, or uncomplete bas reliefs for the outside of the memorial were installed. A development plan was also drawn up and partially implemented, including the building of recreation and dining structures.

siya ang unang pangulo na my kadakilaan upang magkaroon ng sariling wika ang pilipinas na ngayon ang wika ay pilipino at ito ay wikang tagalog ng katutubong taal. Manuel L. Quezon

Sarcophagus housing the remains of President Quezon Construction Construction of the Quezon Memorial was begun in the late 1950s but proceeded slowly, in part due to the cost of importing Carrara marble, brought in blocks and then carved and shaped on-site. There were also problems associated with the theft of the

Si Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (Agosto 19, 1878 – Agosto 1, 1944) ang unang pangulo ng Komonwelt ng Pilipinas. Siya ang kinilala bilang ikalawang

pangulo ng Pilipinas, kasunod ni Emilio Aguinaldo (na ang administrasyon ay hindi kinilala ng ibang bansa sa mga panahong iyon at hindi kinilala bilang unang pangulo sa mga kapisanang internasyunal). Talambuhay ni Manuel L. Quezon Ipinanganak si Manuel L. Quezon sa Baler, sa lalawigan ng Tayabas (tinatawag na ngayong Aurora) noong Agosto 19, 1878. Anak siya nina Lucio Quezon at Maria Dolores Molina, kapwa mga guro. Nagtapos siya ng pag-aaral mula sa Colegio de San Juan noong 1893. Bilang isang binata, nakilahok siya sa pag-aalsa laban sa mga Kastila. Nakipaglaban din siyang kasama ng mga Pilipinong Nasyonalista sa panahon ng Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano, bilang katulong ni Emilio Aguinaldo. Naipakulong siya dahil sa gawaing ito. Makaraang palayain, nanumpa siya ng katapatan sa Estados Unidos. Naging manananggol si Quezon sa Baler. Noong 1906, nahalal siya bilang gobernador ng lalawigan ng Tayabas, ngunit nagbitiw upang makapangampanya para sa Asambleya ng Pilipinas, kung saan nakamit niya ang pagiging pinuno ng Asambleya. Mula 1909 hanggang 1916, nagsilbi si Quezon sa Estados Unidos bilang naninirahang komisyonero para sa Pilipinas. Sa panahong ito naipasa ang Batas Jones (Jones Act), nagtatanggal sa Komisyon sa Pilipinas ng Estados Unidos at nagbibigay ng mas mataas na antas ng pamamahala sa mga Pilipino. Dahil dito, itinuring na bayani si Quezon nang muli siyang magbalik sa Pilipinas. Sa sumunod na dalawang taon, naglingkod siya bilang pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas. Noong 1935, nanalo si Manuel L. Quezon sa unang halalan ng pagkapangulo ng Pilipinas sa ilalim ng bagong Komonwelt ng Pilipinas, laban kina Emilio Aguinaldo at Obispo Gregorio Aglipay. Muli siyang nahalal noong 1941 Pagkaraan ng pananakop ng Hapon sa Pilipinas sa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, tumakas siya papuntang Australya, at pagkaraan nagtuloy sa Estados Unidos. Sa dalawang bansang ito niya pinamunuan ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas habang malayo sa bansa. Nagkasakit ng tuberkulosis si Quezon at namatay sa Saranac Lake, Franklin County, New York noong Agosto 1, 1944 sa gulang na 66. Unang inilibing ang kanyang labi sa Arlington National Cemetery. Pagkaraan, ang kanyang labi ay inilibing muli sa Maynila, sa Manila North Cemetery at inilipat sa Lungsod Quezon sa loob ng monumento sa Quezon Memorial Circle.

Ipinangalan sa kaniya ang Lungsod ng Quezon sa Kalakhang Maynila at ang lalawigan ng Quezon.