Wine In The Bible

WINE-PRESS, THE (PURAH , GATH). Is of the highest antiquity, and is drawn on the walls of Egyptian temples and tombs. Remains of wine-vats are found in many parts of Palestine, cut in the solid rock. Some were very large, as that in which Gideon threshed (Judg. vi. 11). Wine has always been in use, and the Scriptures only condemn its excessive use. Corn, wine, and oil are special gifts of Providence. It was the usual drink-offering (Ex. xxix. 40) to be presented among the first-fruits (Lev. xxiii. 13). The priests were prohibited from the use of wine and strong dringk before service in the Temple (Lev. x. 9) and the Nazarite during his vow (Num. vi. 3). The wine-cup was handed round four times during the Paschal feast, especially after the Captivity. Jesus speaks of the wine used as the fruit of the vine (Matt. xxvi.29). Wine is generally mixed with water (warm; see Justin Martyr, Apol. i.65). Those holding office in the church were not to be given to wine (1 Tim. iii.3), or to much wine (iii.8), or a slave to much wine (Titus ii.3). Paul once recommends its use (to Timothy, 1 Tim. v.23). —Smith’s Bible Dictionary

Note: see related study, “Winepresses and Vineyards in the Bible.”

Hebrew and Greek Words Hebrew Words from Appendix 27 I. Yayin—from the root y~yan, to ferment, used of every sort of wine. The word occurs 142 times, and includes fermented wine of all kinds. The first occurrence is in Genesis 9:21: “Noah planted a vineyard and drank yayin and was drunken.” Yayin was also used for sacred purposes and for blessing. Strong’s 3196—yayin, yah’-yin; from an unused root mean. to effervesce; wine (as fermented); by impl. intoxication:—banqueting, wine, wine [-bibber]. II. TirÇsh—from y~rash, to possess=must, or new wine, so called because it gets possession of the brain. It occurs 34 times in the Old Testament. Strong’s 8492—tîryrôwsh, tee-roshe’; or tîryrôsh, tee-roshe’; from 3423 in the sense of expulsion; must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by impl. (rarely) fermented wine:—(new, sweet) wine. Strong’s 3423—a prim. root; to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing their place); by impl. to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin:—cast out, consume, destroy, disinherit, dispossess, drive (-ing) out, enjoy, expel, x without fail, (give to, leave for) inherit (-ance, -or), + magistrate, be (make) poor, come to poverty, (give to, make to) possess, get (have) in (take) possession, seize upon, succeed, x utterly. III. Chemer, from chamar, to ripen. Hence used of strong red wine. It occurs eight times. In Ezra 6:9, Cyrus and Artaxerxes commanded that chemer should be given to the people of Israel for the service of the God of Heaven. The Rabbins called it neat wine, because, unmixed with water, it disturbs the head and the brain. Strong’s 2561—chemer, kheh’-mer; from 2560; wine (as fermenting):—x pure, red wine. Strong’s 2560 châmar, khaw-mar’; a prim. root; prop. to boil up; hence to ferment (with scum); to glow (with redness); as denom. (from 2564) to smear with pitch:—daub, befoul, be red, trouble. Strong’s 2562—ch|mar (Chald.), kham-ar’; corresp. to 2561; wine:—wine. IV. Sh‘k~r=strong drink (from sh~kar, to get drunk), a very intoxicating drink made from barley, honey, or dates. Strong’s 7941—shêkâr, shay-kawr’; from 7937; an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquor:—strong drink, + drunkard, strong wine. Strong’s 7937—shâkar, shaw-kar’; a prim. root; to become tipsy; in a qualified sense, to satiate with a stimulating drink or (fig.) influence:—(be filled with) drink (abundantly), (be, make) drunk (-en), be merry. [Superlative of 8248] V. ‘}s§s (from ‘~sas, to tread) new or sweet wine of the vintage year.

Strong’s 6071—‘âçîyç, aw-sees’; from 6072; must or fresh grape-juice (as just trodden out):—juice, new (sweet) wine. Strong’s 6072:—‘âçaç, aw-sas’; a prim. root; to squeeze out juice; fig. to trample:—tread down. VI. Sob’e, any kind of strong intoxicating drink: from s~b~, to drink to excess, become drunk. Occurs twice. Strong’s 5435—çôbe’, so’-beh; from 5433; potation, concr. (wine), or abstr. (carousal):—drink, drunken, wine. Strong’s 5433— çâbâ’, saw-baw’; a prim. root; to quaff to satiety, i.e. become tipsy:—drunkard, fill self, Sabean, [wine-] bibber VII. Mims~k, mixed or spiced wine. Strong’s 4469—mamçâk, mam-sawk’; from 4537; mixture, i.e. (spec.) wine mixed (with water or spices):—drink-offering, mixed wine. Strong’s 4537—mâçak, maw-sak’; a prim. root; to mix, espec. wine (with spices):—mingle. Strong’s 4538—meçek, meh’sek; from 4537; a mixture, i.e. of wine with spices:—mixture. VIII. Shem~r§m, from sh~mar, to keep, preserve, lay up; hence, old wine, purified from the lees and racked off. Strong’s 8105—shemer, sheh’mer; from 8104; something preserved, i.e. the settlings (plur. only) of wine:—dregs, (wines on the) lees. Strong’s 8104—shâmar, shaw-mar’; a prim. root; prop. to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; gen. to protect, attend to, etc.:—beware, be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep (-er, self), mark, look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save (self), sure, (that) lay wait (for), watch(-man). Other Hebrew Words Strong’s 4952—mishrâh, mis-raw’; from 8281 in the sense of loosening; maceration, i.e. steeped juice:—liquor. Strong’s 8281—shârâh, shaw-raw’; a prim. root; to free:—direct. Strong’s 3342—yeqeb, yeh’-keb; from an unused root mean. to excavate; a trough (as dug out); spec. a wine-vat (whether the lower one, into which the juice drains, or the upper, in which the grapes are crushed):—fats, presses, press-fat, wine (-press). Strong’s 8354—shâthâh, shaw-thaw’; a prim. root; to imbibe (lit. or fig.):—x assuredly, banquet, x certainly, drink (-er, -ing), drunk (x -ard), surely. [Prop. intensive of 8248.] Strong’s 8250—shiqqûwy; shik-koo’ee; from 8248; a beverage; moisture, i.e. (fig.) refreshment:—drink, marrow. Strong’s 8248—shâqâh, shaw-kaw’; a prim. root; to quaff, i.e. (caus.) to irrigate or furnish a potion to:—cause to (give, give to, let, make to) drink, drown, moisten, water. See 7937, 8354.

Strong’s 6025—‘ênâb, ay-nawb’; from an unused root prob. mean. to bear fruit; a grape:—(ripe) grape, wine. Greek Words Strong’s 3630—4in4p4t‘s, oy-nop-ot’-ace; from 3631 and a der. of the alt. of 4095; a tippler:—winebibber. Strong’s 4095—pinÇ, pee’no; a prol. form of piÇ, pee’o, which (together with another form, p4Ç, p4’-o) occurs only as an alt. in cert. tenses; to imbibe (lit. or fig.):—drink. Strong’s 3631—4in4s, oy-nos’; a prim. word (or perh. of Heb. or. [3196]); “wine” (lit. or fig.):—wine. Strong’s 3632—4in4phlugia, oy-nof-loog-ee’-ah; from 3631 and a form of the base of 5397; an overflow (or surplus) of wine; i.e. vinolency (drunkenness):—excess of wine. Strong’s 5397—phluar4s, floo’-ar-os; from phluÇ (to bubble); a garrulous person, i.e. prater:—tattler.

Wine in the Old Testament Noah Plants a Vineyard and Becomes Drunken Genesis 9:18–24: 18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan. 19 These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread. 20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: 21 And he drank of the wine (3196), and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. 22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. 23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father’s nakedness. 24 And Noah awoke from his wine (3196), and knew what his younger son had done unto him. 25 And he said, “Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.” 26 And he said, “Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. 27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.” Melchizedek Brings Forth Bread and Wine Genesis 14:17–20: 17 And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king’s dale. 18 (And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine (3196): and he was the priest of the MOST HIGH GOD. 19 And he blessed him, and said, “Blessed be Abram of the MOST HIGH GOD, possessor of heaven and earth: 20 And blessed be the MOST HIGH GOD, Which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand.” And he gave him tithes of all.) Lot’s Daughters Make Him to Drink Wine Genesis 19:30–38: 30 And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. 31 And the firstborn said unto the younger, “Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth: 32 Come, let us make our father drink wine (3196), and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.” 33 And they made their father drink wine (3196) that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose. 34 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the firstborn said unto the younger, “Behold, I lay yesternight with my father: let us make him drink wine (3196) this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.” 35 And they made their father drink wine (3196) that night also: and the younger arose, and lay with him; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose. 36 Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father. 37 And the firstborn bare a son, and called his name Moab: the same is the father of the Moabites unto this day. 38 And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name Ben-ammi: the same is the father of the children of Ammon unto this day.

Jacob Blessed With Plenty of Corn and Wine Genesis 27:22–40: 22 And Jacob went near unto Isaac his father; and he felt him, and said, “The voice is Jacob’s voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau.” 23 And he discerned him not, because his hands were hairy, as his brother Esau’s hands: so he blessed him. 24 And he said, “Art thou my very son Esau?” And he said, “I am.” 25 And he said, “Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son's venison, that my soul may bless thee.” And he brought it near to him, and he did eat: and he brought him wine (3196), and he drank. 26 And his father Isaac said unto him, “Come near now, and kiss me, my son.” 27 And he came near, and kissed him: and he smelled the smell of his raiment, and blessed him, and said, “See, the smell of my son is as the smell of a field which the LORD hath blessed: 28 Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine (8492): 29 Let people serve thee, and nations bow down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother’s sons bow down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee.” 30 And it came to pass, as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing Jacob, and Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting. 31 And he also had made savoury meat, and brought it unto his father, and said unto his father, “Let my father arise, and eat of his son’s venison, that thy soul may bless me.” 32 And Isaac his father said unto him, “Who art thou?” And he said, “I am thy son, thy firstborn Esau.” 33 And Isaac trembled very exceedingly, and said, “Who? where is he that hath taken venison, and brought it me, and I have eaten of all before thou camest, and have blessed him? yea, and he shall be blessed.” 34 And when Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with a great and exceeding bitter cry, and said unto his father, “Bless me, even me also, O my father.” 35 And he said, “Thy brother came with subtilty, and hath taken away thy blessing.” 36 And he said, “Is not he rightly named Jacob? for he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright; and, behold, now he hath taken away my blessing.” And he said, “Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me?” 37 And Isaac answered and said unto Esau, “Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I given to him for servants; and with corn and wine (8492) have I sustained him: and what shall I do now unto thee, my son?” 38 And Esau said unto his father, “Hast thou but one blessing, my father? bless me, even me also, O my father.” And Esau lifted up his voice, and wept. 39 And Isaac his father answered and said unto him, “Behold, thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven from above; 40 And by thy sword shalt thou live, and shalt serve thy brother; and it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt break his yoke from off thy neck.” Judah’s Blessing Genesis 49:8–12: 8 Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father’s children shall bow down before thee. 9 Judah is a lion’s whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? 10 The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto Him shall the gathering of the people be. 11 Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass’s colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine (3196), and his clothes in the blood of grapes: 12 His eyes shall be red with wine (3196), and his teeth white with milk.

Wine in the Offerings to God Exodus 29:38–46: 38 Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two lambs of the first year day by day continually. 39 The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even: 40 And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine (3196) for a drink offering. 41 And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD . 42 This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD : where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee. 43 And there I will meet with the children of Israel, and the tabernacle shall be sanctified by My glory. 44 And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to Me in the priest’s office. 45 And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God. 46 And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their God. Levites Forbidden to Drink Wine in the Sanctuary Leviticus 10:8–11: 8 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, saying, 9 “Do not drink wine (3196) nor strong drink (7941), thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: 10 And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; 11 And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses. Wine in the Offerings for the Firstfruits Leviticus 23:9–14: 9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 10 “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, ‘When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: 11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD , to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. 12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD . 13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine (3196), the fourth part of an hin. 14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. The Law of the Nazarite—Nazarites Forbidden to Drink Wine Numbers 6:1–20: 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 2 “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, ‘When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD : 3 He shall separate himself from wine

(3196) and strong drink (7941), and shall drink no vinegar of wine (3196), or vinegar of strong drink (7941), neither shall he drink any liquor (4952) of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. 4 All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk. 5 All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no rasor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the LORD , he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow. 6 All the days that he separateth himself unto the LORD he shall come at no dead body. 7 He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the consecration of his God is upon his head. 8 All the days of his separation he is holy unto the LORD . 9 And if any man die very suddenly by him, and he hath defiled the head of his consecration; then he shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it. 10 And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: 11 And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make an atonement for him, for that he sinned by the dead, and shall hallow his head that same day. 12 And he shall consecrate unto the LORD the days of his separation, and shall bring a lamb of the first year for a trespass offering: but the days that were before shall be lost, because his separation was defiled. 13 And this is the law of the Nazarite, when the days of his separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: 14 And he shall offer his offering unto the LORD , one he lamb of the first year without blemish for a burnt offering, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings, 15 And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings. 16 And the priest shall bring them before the LORD , and shall offer his sin offering, and his burnt offering: 17 And he shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD , with the basket of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also his meat offering, and his drink offering. 18 And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the sacrifice of the peace offerings. 19 And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his separation is shaven: 20 And the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD : this is holy for the priest, with the wave breast and heave shoulder: and after that the Nazarite may drink wine. 21 This is the law of the Nazarite who hath vowed, and of his offering unto the LORD for his separation, beside that that his hand shall get: according to the vow which he vowed, so he must do after the law of his separation.’” Wine in Laws for Offerings Numbers 15:1–21: 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 2 “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, ‘When ye be come into the land of your habitations, which I give unto you, 3 And will make an offering by fire unto the LORD , a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts, to make a sweet savour unto the LORD , of the herd, or of the flock: 4 Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the LORD bring a meat offering of a tenth deal* of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin** of oil. 5 And the fourth part of an hin** of wine (3196) for a drink offering shalt thou prepare with

the burnt offering or sacrifice, for one lamb. 6 Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meat offering two tenth deals* of flour mingled with the third part of an hin** of oil. 7 And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an hin** of wine (3196), for a sweet savour unto the LORD . 8 And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice in performing a vow, or peace offerings unto the LORD : 9 Then shall he bring with a bullock a meat offering of three tenth deals of flour mingled with half an hin** of oil. 10 And thou shalt bring for a drink offering half an hin** of wine (3196), for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD . 11 Thus shall it be done for one bullock, or for one ram, or for a lamb, or a kid. 12 According to the number that ye shall prepare, so shall ye do to every one according to their number. 13 All that are born of the country shall do these things after this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD . 14 And if a stranger sojourn with you, or whosoever be among you in your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD ; as ye do, so he shall do. 15 One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD . 16 One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.” 17 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 18 “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, “When ye come into the land whither I bring you, 19 Then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD . 20 Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it. 21 Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave offering in your generations.” *A tenth deal was about half a gallon in dry measure. **A hin was about a gallon. Wine Part of Dues of Aaron and His Sons Numbers 18:8–19: 8 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, “Behold, I also have given thee the charge of Mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever. 9 This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto Me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons. 10 In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee. 11 And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it. 12 All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine (8492), and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD , them have I given thee. 13 And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD , shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it. 14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine. 15 Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD , whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem. 16 And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs. 17 But the firstling of a

cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD . 18 And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine. 19 All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the LORD , have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee.” Strong Wine Poured Out to Yahveh for Drink Offering Numbers 28:1–8: 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 2 “Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, “My offering, and my bread for My sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet savour unto Me, shall ye observe to offer unto Me in their due season.” 3 And thou shalt say unto them, ‘This is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the LORD ; two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, for a continual burnt offering. 4 The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer at even; 5 And a tenth part of an ephah*** of flour for a meat offering, mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil. 6 It is a continual burnt offering, which was ordained in mount Sinai for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD . 7 And the drink offering thereof shall be the fourth part of an hin for the one lamb: in the holy place shalt thou cause the strong wine (7941) to be poured unto the LORD for a drink offering. 8 And the other lamb shalt thou offer at even: as the meat offering of the morning, and as the drink offering thereof, thou shalt offer it, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD . ***An ephah was about 8 bushels or 3 English pecks, or about 32 quarts, or about 8 gallons. Wine in the Monthly Offerings to Yahveh Numbers 28:11-15: 11 And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD ; two young bullocks, and one ram, seven lambs of the first year without spot; 12 And three tenth deals* of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one bullock; and two tenth deals* of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one ram; 13 And a several tenth deal* of flour mingled with oil for a meat offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD . 14 And their drink offerings shall be half an hin** of wine (3196) unto a bullock, and the third part of an hin** unto a ram, and a fourth part of an hin** unto a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month throughout the months of the year. 15 And one kid of the goats for a sin offering unto the LORD shall be offered, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering. Israel Blessed with Corn, Wine, and Oil for Obedience to Yahveh Deuteronomy 7:12–13: 12 Wherefore it shall come to pass, if ye hearken to these judgments, and keep, and do them, that the LORD thy God shall keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which He sware unto thy fathers: 13 And He will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: He will also bless the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, and thy wine (8492),

and thine oil, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep, in the land which He sware unto thy fathers to give thee. Deuteronomy 11:13–14: 13 And it shall come to pass, if ye shall hearken diligently unto My commandments which I command you this day, to love the LORD your God, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul, 14 That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine (8492), and thine oil. Corn, Wine, and Oil as Tithes to Yahveh Deuteronomy 12:13–17: 13 Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt offerings in every place that thou seest: 14 But in the place which the LORD shall choose in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, and there thou shalt do all that I command thee. 15 Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God which He hath given thee: the unclean and the clean may eat thereof, as of the roebuck, and as of the hart. 16 Only ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water. 17 Thou mayest not eat within thy gates the tithe of thy corn, or of thy wine (8492), or of thy oil, or the firstlings of thy herds or of thy flock, nor any of thy vows which thou vowest, nor thy freewill offerings, or heave offering of thine hand: Deuteronomy 14:22–28: 22 Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year. 23 And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which He shall choose to place His name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine (8492), and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always. 24 And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set His name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee: 25 Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose: 26 And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine (3196), or for strong drink (7941), or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household, 27 And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee. 28 At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates: Wine in Relation to the Feast of Tabernacles Deuteronomy 16:12–14: 12 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes. 13 Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine (3342): 14 And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.

Wine Part of the Priest’s Due Deuteronomy 18:3–5: 3 And this shall be the priest’s due from the people, from them that offer a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw. 4 The firstfruit also of thy corn, of thy wine (8492), and of thine oil, and the first of the fleece of thy sheep, shalt thou give him. 5 For the LORD thy God hath chosen him out of all thy tribes, to stand to minister in the name of the LORD , him and his sons for ever. Lack of Wine Punishment for Disobedience to Yahveh Deuteronomy 28:39: 39 Thou shalt plant vineyards, and dress them, but shalt neither drink of the wine (3196), nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them. Deuteronomy 28:51: 51 And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy land, until thou be destroyed: which also shall not leave thee either corn, wine (8492), or oil, or the increase of thy kine, or flocks of thy sheep, until he have destroyed thee. Israelites Did not Drink Wine or Strong Drink in the Wilderness Deuteronomy 29:5–6: 5 And I have led you forty years in the wilderness: your clothes are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy foot. 6 Ye have not eaten bread, neither have ye drunk wine (3196) or strong drink (7941): that ye might know that I am the LORD your God. Wine of the Evildoers in the Song of Moses Deuteronomy 32:31–33: 31 For their rock is not as our Rock, Even our enemies themselves being judges. 32 For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, And of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: 33 Their wine (3196) is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps. 34 Is not this laid up in store with Me, And sealed up among My treasures? 35 To Me belongeth vengeance, and recompence; Their foot shall slide in due time: For the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste. 36 For the LORD shall judge His people, and repent Himself for His servants, When He seeth that their power is gone, And there is none shut up, or left. 37 And He shall say, “Where are their gods, Their rock in whom they trusted, 38 Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine (3196) of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, And be your protection.” Wine Promised in Blessings for Israel Deuteronomy 33:28–29: 28 Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: The fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine (8492); Also his heavens shall drop down dew. 29 Happy art thou, O Israel: Who is like unto thee, O people saved by the LORD , the shield of thy help, And Who is the sword of thy excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.”

Inhabitants of Gibeon Bring Wine to Joshua and the Men of Israel Joshua 9:3–13: 3 And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai, 4 They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine (3196) bottles, old, and rent, and bound up; 5 And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy. 6 And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, “We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.” 7 And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, “Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?” 8 And they said unto Joshua, “We are thy servants.” And Joshua said unto them, “Who are ye? and from whence come ye?” 9 And they said unto him, “From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the LORD thy God: for we have heard the fame of Him, and all that He did in Egypt, 10 And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth. 11 Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, ‘Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, ‘We are your servants: therefore now make ye a league with us.’ 12 This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and it is mouldy: 13 And these bottles of wine (3196), which we filled, were new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey.’” 14 And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD . Wine in Jotham’s Parable Judges 9:7–15: 7 And when they told it to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, “Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you. 8 The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree, ‘Reign thou over us.’ 9 But the olive tree said unto them, ‘Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?’ 10 And the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come thou, and reign over us.’ 11 But the fig tree said unto them, ‘Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?’ 12 Then said the trees unto the vine, ‘Come thou, and reign over us.’ 13 And the vine said unto them, ‘Should I leave my wine (8492), which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?’ 14 Then said all the trees unto the bramble, ‘Come thou, and reign over us.’ 15 And the bramble said unto the trees, ‘If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.’ Samson, a Nazarite, Forbidden to Drink Wine Judges 13:1–14: 1 And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD ; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years. 2 And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not. 3 And the Angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, “Behold now,

thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son. 4 Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine (3196) nor strong drink (7941), and eat not any unclean thing: 5 For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.” 6 Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, “A Man of God came unto me, and His countenance was like the countenance of an Angel of God, very terrible: but I asked Him not whence He was, neither told He me His name: 7 But He said unto me, ‘Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink (3196) no wine nor strong drink (8354), neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death.’” 8 Then Manoah intreated the LORD , and said, “O my LORD , let the Man of God Which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born.” 9 And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the Angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with her. 10 And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and said unto him, “Behold, the Man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the other day.” 11 And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto Him, “Art thou the Man That spakest unto the woman?” And He said, “I am.” 12 And Manoah said, “Now let Thy words come to pass. How shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?” 13 And the Angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, “Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware. 14 She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine (3196) or strong drink (7941), nor eat any unclean thing: all that I commanded her let her observe. Levite Carries Bread and Wine with Him Judges 19:18–20: 18 And he said unto him, “We are passing from Bethlehem-judah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Bethlehem-judah, but I am now going to the house of the LORD ; and there is no man that receiveth me to house. 19 Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine (3196) also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing.” 20 And the old man said, “Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.” 21 So he brought him into his house, and gave provender unto the asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink. Eli Believes Hannah is Drunken I Samuel 1:13–18: 13 Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken. 14 And Eli said unto her, “How long wilt thou be drunken? put away thy wine (3196) from thee.” 15 And Hannah answered and said, “No, my LORD , I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine (3196) nor strong drink (7941), but have poured out my soul before the LORD . 16 Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto.” 17 Then Eli answered and said, “Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of Him.” 18 And she said, “Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight.” So the woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more.

Hannah Brings a Bottle of Wine to the House of Yahveh in Shiloh I Samuel 1:24–28: 24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine (3196), and brought him unto the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young. 25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli. 26 And she said, “Oh my LORD , as Thy soul liveth, my LORD , I am the woman that stood by Thee here, praying unto the LORD . 27 For this child I prayed; and the LORD hath given me my petition which I asked of Him: 28 Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD ; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the LORD .” And he worshipped the LORD there. Samuel Instructs Saul to Meet Three Men Carrying Three Kids, Three Loaves of Bread, and a Bottle of Wine I Samuel 10:3–4: 3 Then shalt thou go on forward from thence, and thou shalt come to the plain of Tabor, and there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Beth-el, one carrying three kids, and another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine (3196): 4 And they will salute thee, and give thee two loaves of bread; which thou shalt receive of their hands. Jesse Sends Bread, a Bottle of Wine, and a Kid with David to Saul I Samuel 16:19–20: 19 Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, “Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep.” 20 And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine (3196), and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul. Abigail Brings Two Bottles of Wine I Samuel 25:18: 18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine (3196), and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. Nabal’s Death I Samuel 25:37: 37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine (3196) was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. David Gives a Flagon of Wine to All II Samuel 6:18–19: 18 And as soon as David had made an end of offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of hosts. 19 And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon (809) of wine. So all the people departed every one to his house.

I Chronicles 16:2–3: 2 And when David had made an end of offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD . 3 And he dealt to every one of Israel, both man and woman, to every one a loaf of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon (809) of wine. Absalom Orders Amnon Killed When His Heart is Merry With Wine II Samuel 13:28: 28 Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, “Mark ye now when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine (3196), and when I say unto you, ‘Smite Amnon;’ then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.” Ziba Brings Wine When He Comes to See David II Samuel 16:1–2: 1 And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine (3196). 2 And the king said unto Ziba, “What meanest thou by these?” And Ziba said, “The asses be for the king’s household to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine (3196), that such as be faint in the wilderness may drink.” Rab-Shakeh’s False Promise II Kings 18:32: 32 Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine (8492), a land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye may live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you, saying, ‘The LORD will deliver us.’ Levites Appointed to Oversee the Wine I Chronicles 9:24–30: 24 In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. 25 And their brethren, which were in their villages, were to come after seven days from time to time with them. 26 For these Levites, the four chief porters, were in their set office, and were over the chambers and treasuries of the house of God. 27 And they lodged round about the house of God, because the charge was upon them, and the opening thereof every morning pertained to them. 28 And certain of them had the charge of the ministering vessels, that they should bring them in and out by tale. 29 Some of them also were appointed to oversee the vessels, and all the instruments of the sanctuary, and the fine flour, and the wine (3196), and the oil, and the frankincense, and the spices. 30 And some of the sons of the priests made the ointment of the spices. Israelites Bring Wine When they Make David King I Chronicles 12:40: 40 Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine (3196), and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly:

for there was joy in Israel. Zabdi is Over the Increase of the Vineyards for the Wine Cellars I Chronicles 27:27: 27 And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine (3196) cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite: Solomon Offers Wine to Huram’s Servants to Prepare Timber for Yahveh’s House II Chronicles 2:10: 10 And, behold, I will give to thy servants, the hewers that cut timber, twenty thousand measures*of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand measures* of barley, and twenty thousand baths** of wine (3196), and twenty thousand baths** of oil. *A measure (in this case) was equivalent to eight bushels. **A bath was equivalent to six English gallons. II Chronicles 2:15: 15 Now therefore the wheat, and the barley, the oil, and the wine (3196), which my lord hath spoken of, let him send unto his servants: Rehoboam Places Captains Over Store of Victual, and of Oil and Wine II Chronicles 11:11: 11 And he fortified the strong holds, and put captains in them, and store of victual, and of oil and wine (3196). Israelites Bring Wine for Restored Sanctuary Under Hezekiah II Chronicles 31:5: 5 And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine (8492), and oil, and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly. Hezekiah Makes Himself Storehouses for Corn and Wine II Chronicles 32:27–28: 27 And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour: and he made himself treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of pleasant jewels; 28 Storehouses also for the increase of corn, and wine (8492), and oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and cotes for flocks. Darius Orders Wine Given for the Priests at Jerusalem Ezra 6:9: 9 And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine (2562), and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail:

Artaxerxes Orders Wine Given for Yahveh’s House Ezra 7:22: 22 Unto an hundred talents of silver, and to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine (2562), and to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much. Nehemiah Gives Wine to Artaxerxes Nehemiah 2:1: 1 And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine (3196) was before him: and I took up the wine (3196), and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence. Nehemiah Asks for Restoration of Vineyards, Corn, and Wine Nehemiah 5:11: 11 Restore, I pray you, to them, even this day, their lands, their vineyards, their oliveyards, and their houses, also the hundredth part of the money, and of the corn, the wine (8492), and the oil, that ye exact of them. Nehemiah 5:15: 15 But the former governors that had been before me were chargeable unto the people, and had taken of them bread and wine (3196), beside forty shekels of silver; yea, even their servants bare rule over the people: but so did not I, because of the fear of God. Nehemiah 5:18: 18 Now that which was prepared for me daily was one ox and six choice sheep; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine (3196): yet for all this required not I the bread of the governor, because the bondage was heavy upon this people. Judah Brings Tithe of Corn, New Wine, and Oil for the House of Yahveh Nehemiah 10:37–39: 37 And that we should bring the firstfruits of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, of wine (8492) and of oil, unto the priests, to the chambers of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground unto the Levites, that the same Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage. 38 And the priest the son of Aaron shall be with the Levites, when the Levites take tithes: and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes unto the house of our God, to the chambers, into the treasure house. 39 For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the corn, of the new wine (8492), and the oil, unto the chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake the house of our God. Nehemiah 13:5: 5 And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine (8492), and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests. Nehemiah 13:10–16: 10 And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given

them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field. 11 Then contended I with the rulers, and said, “Why is the house of God forsaken?” And I gathered them together, and set them in their place. 12 Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine (8492) and the oil unto the treasuries. 13 And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren. 14 Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices thereof. 15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. 16 There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. Job Job 1:13–19: 13 And there was a day when his sons and his daughters were eating and drinking wine (3196) in their eldest brother’s house: 14 And there came a messenger unto Job, and said, “The oxen were plowing, and the asses feeding beside them: 15 And the Sabeans fell upon them, and took them away; yea, they have slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.” 16 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, “The fire of God is fallen from heaven, and hath burned up the sheep, and the servants, and consumed them; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.” 17 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, “The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.” 18 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, “Thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother’s house: 19 And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee.” Job 32:19: 19 Behold, my belly is as wine (3196) which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles. Wine in the Psalms Psalm 4:7: 7 Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine (8492) increased. Psalm 60:3: Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine (3196) of astonishment. Psalm 75:8: 8 For in the hand of the LORD there is a cup, and the wine (3196) is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them.

Psalm 78:65: 65 Then the LORD awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine (3196). Psalm 104:15: 15 And wine (3196) that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man’s heart. Wine in the Proverbs Proverbs 3:9–10: 9 Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase: 10 So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine (8492). Proverbs 4:14–17: 14 Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men. 15 Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. 16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall. 17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine (3196) of violence. Proverbs 9:1–5: 1 Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars: 2 She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine (3196); she hath also furnished her table. 3 She hath sent forth her maidens: she crieth upon the highest places of the city, 4 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, 5 “Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine (3196) which I have mingled.” Proverbs 20:1: 1 Wine (3196) is a mocker, strong drink (7941) is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. Proverbs 21:17: 17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine (3196) and oil shall not be rich. Proverbs 23:29–35: 29 Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? 30 They that tarry long at the wine (3196); they that go to seek mixed wine (4469). 31 Look not thou upon the wine (3196) when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. 32 At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder. 33 Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall utter perverse things. 34 Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast. 35 They have stricken me, shalt thou say, “and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake?” I will seek it yet again. Proverbs 31:4–6: 4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine (3196); nor for princes strong drink (7941): 5 Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. 6 Give strong drink (7941) unto him that is ready to perish, and wine (3196) unto those that be of heavy hearts.

Wine in Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastes 2:3: 3 I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine (3196), yet acquainting mine heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all the days of their life. Ecclesiastes 9:7: 7 Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine (3196) with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works. Ecclesiastes 10:19: 19 A feast is made for laughter, and wine (3196) maketh merry: but money answereth all things. Wine in the Song of Solomon Song of Solomon 1:2–4: 2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is better than wine (3196). 3 Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee. 4 Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy love more than wine (3196): the upright love thee. Song of Solomon 4:10: 10 How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is thy love than wine (3196)! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices! Song of Solomon 5:1: 1 I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse: I have gathered my myrrh with my spice; I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have drunk my wine (3196) with my milk: eat, O friends; drink, yea, drink abundantly, O beloved. Song of Solomon 7:9: 9 And the roof of thy mouth like the best wine (3196) for my beloved, that goeth down sweetly, causing the lips of those that are asleep to speak. Song of Solomon 8:1–2: 1 O that thou wert as my brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother! when I should find thee without, I would kiss thee; yea, I should not be despised. 2 I would lead thee, and bring thee into my mother’s house, who would instruct me: I would cause thee to drink of spiced wine (3196) of the juice of my pomegranate. Wine in the Prophets Isaiah 1:21–22: 21 How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers. 22 Thy silver is become dross, thy wine (5435) mixed with water: Isaiah 5:11–12: 11 Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink (7941); that continue until night, till wine (3196) inflame them! 12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine (3196), are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD , neither consider the operation of His hands.

Isaiah 5:22–24: 22 Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine (3196), and men of strength to mingle strong drink (7941): 23 Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him! 24 Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel. Isaiah 16:10: 10 And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine (3196) in their presses; I have made their vintage shouting to cease. Isaiah 22:12–14: 12 And in that day did the Lord GOD of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth: 13 And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine (3196): “let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die.” 14 And it was revealed in mine ears by the LORD of hosts, “Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you till ye die,” saith the Lord GOD of hosts. Isaiah 24:7–12: 7 The new wine (8492) mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. 8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. 9 They shall not drink wine (3196) with a song; strong drink (7941) shall be bitter to them that drink it. 10 The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in. 11 There is a crying for wine (3196) in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. 12 In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction. Isaiah 27:1–3: 1 In that day the LORD with His sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea. 2 In that day sing ye unto her, “A vineyard of red wine (2561) (2531).” 3 I the LORD do keep it; I will water it every moment: lest any hurt it, I will keep it night and day. Isaiah 28:1–8: 1 Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine! 2 Behold, the LORD hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand. 3 The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet: 4 And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. 5 In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of His people, 6 And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate. 7 But they also have erred through wine (3196), and through strong drink (7941) are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink (7941), they are swallowed up of wine (3196), they are out of the way through strong drink (7941); they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. 8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean.rious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. 5 In that day

shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of His people, 6 And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate. 7 But they also have erred through wine (3196), and through strong drink (7941) are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink (7941), they are swallowed up of wine (3196), they are out of the way through strong drink (7941); they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. 8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean. Isaiah 29:9–10: 9 Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are drunken, but not with wine (3196); they stagger, but not with strong drink (7941). 10 For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, and hath closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers hath He covered. Isaiah 36:14–17: 14 Thus saith the king, “Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you. 15 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD , saying, ‘The LORD will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.’ 16 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, ‘Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern; 17 Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine (8492), a land of bread and vineyards.’” Isaiah 49:26: 26 And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine (6071): and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. Isaiah 51:17–23: 17 Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of His fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out. 18 There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up. 19 These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee? 20 Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD , the rebuke of thy God. 21 Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine (3196): 22 Thus saith thy Lord the LORD , and thy God That pleadeth the cause of His people, “Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of My fury; thou shalt no more drink it again: 23 But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, ‘Bow down, that we may go over:’ and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.” Isaiah 55:1–6: 1 Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine (3196) and milk without money and without price. 2 Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto Me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. 3 Incline your ear, and come unto Me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. 4 Behold, I

have given Him for a Witness to the people, a Leader and Commander to the people. 5 Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the LORD thy God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for He hath glorified thee. Isaiah 56:9–12: 9 All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in the forest. 10 His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. 11 Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. 12 Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine (3196), and we will fill ourselves with strong drink (7941); and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant.” Isaiah 62:7–9: 7 And give Him no rest, till He establish, and till He make Jerusalem a praise in the earth. 8 The LORD hath sworn by His right hand, and by the arm of His strength, “Surely I will no more give thy corn to be meat for thine enemies; and the sons of the stranger shall not drink thy wine (8492), for the which thou hast laboured: 9 But they that have gathered it shall eat it, and praise the LORD ; and they that have brought it together shall drink it in the courts of My holiness.” Isaiah 65:8–10: 8 Thus saith the LORD , “As the new wine (8492) is found in the cluster, and one saith, ‘Destroy it not; for a blessing is in it:’ so will I do for My servants’ sakes, that I may not destroy them all. 9 And I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of My mountains: and Mine elect shall inherit it, and My servants shall dwell there. 10 And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a place for the herds to lie down in, for My people that have sought Me. Jeremiah 13:12–13: 12 Therefore thou shalt speak unto them this word; “Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Every bottle shall be filled with wine (3196): and they shall say unto thee, ‘Do we not certainly know that every bottle shall be filled with wine (3196)?’ 13 Then shalt thou say unto them, ‘Thus saith the LORD , ‘Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even the kings that sit upon David’s throne, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness. Jeremiah 23:9–10: 9 Mine heart within me is broken because of the prophets; all my bones shake; I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine (3196) hath overcome, because of the LORD , and because of the words of His holiness. 10 For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth; the pleasant places of the wilderness are dried up, and their course is evil, and their force is not right. Jeremiah 25:15–17: 15 For thus saith the LORD God of Israel unto me; ‘Take the wine (3196) cup of this fury at My hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it. 16 And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.’ 17 Then took I the cup at the LORD ’s hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the LORD had sent me:

Jeremiah 31:12: 12 Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD , for wheat, and for wine (8492), and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all. Jeremiah 35:1–19: 1 The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, saying, 2 “Go unto the house of the Rechabites, and speak unto them, and bring them into the house of the LORD , into one of the chambers, and give them wine (3196) to drink.” 3 Then I took Jaazaniah the son of Jeremiah, the son of Habaziniah, and his brethren, and all his sons, and the whole house of the Rechabites; 4 And I brought them into the house of the LORD , into the chamber of the sons of Hanan, the son of Igdaliah, a man of God, which was by the chamber of the princes, which was above the chamber of Maaseiah the son of Shallum, the keeper of the door: 5 And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine (3196), and cups, and I said unto them, “Drink ye wine (3196).” 6 But they said, “We will drink no wine (3196): for Jonadab the son of Rechab our father commanded us, saying, ‘Ye shall drink no wine (3196), neither ye, nor your sons for ever: 7 Neither shall ye build house, nor sow seed, nor plant vineyard, nor have any: but all your days ye shall dwell in tents; that ye may live many days in the land where ye be strangers.’ 8 Thus have we obeyed the voice of Jonadab the son of Rechab our father in all that he hath charged us, to drink no wine (3196) all our days, we, our wives, our sons, nor our daughters; 9 Nor to build houses for us to dwell in: neither have we vineyard, nor field, nor seed: 10 But we have dwelt in tents, and have obeyed, and done according to all that Jonadab our father commanded us. 11 But it came to pass, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came up into the land, that we said, ‘Come, and let us go to Jerusalem for fear of the army of the Chaldeans, and for fear of the army of the Syrians: so we dwell at Jerusalem.’” 12 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, 13 “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; ‘Go and tell the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, ‘Will ye not receive instruction to hearken to My words?’ saith the LORD . 14 The words of Jonadab the son of Rechab, that he commanded his sons not to drink wine (3196), are performed; for unto this day they drink none, but obey their father’s commandment: notwithstanding I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye hearkened not unto Me. 15 I have sent also unto you all My servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them, saying, ‘Return ye now every man from his evil way, and amend your doings, and go not after other gods to serve them, and ye shall dwell in the land which I have given to you and to your fathers:’ but ye have not inclined your ear, nor hearkened unto Me. 16 Because the sons of Jonadab the son of Rechab have performed the commandment of their father, which he commanded them; but this people hath not hearkened unto Me: 17 Therefore thus saith the LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel; ‘Behold, I will bring upon Judah and upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem all the evil that I have pronounced against them: because I have spoken unto them, but they have not heard; and I have called unto them, but they have not answered.’ ‘” 18 And Jeremiah said unto the house of the Rechabites, “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; ‘Because ye have obeyed the commandment of Jonadab your father, and kept all his precepts, and done according unto all that he hath commanded you: 19 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Jonadab the son of Rechab shall not want a man to stand before Me for ever.’”

Jeremiah 40:9–12: 9 And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan sware unto them and to their men, saying, “Fear not to serve the Chaldeans: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you. 10 As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah to serve the Chaldeans, which will come unto us: but ye, gather ye wine (3196), and summer fruits, and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities that ye have taken.” 11 Likewise when all the Jews that were in Moab, and among the Ammonites, and in Edom, and that were in all the countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant of Judah, and that he had set over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan; 12 Even all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine (3196) and summer fruits very much. Jeremiah 48:25–33: 25 The horn of Moab is cut off, and his arm is broken, saith the LORD . 26 Make ye him drunken: for he magnified himself against the LORD : Moab also shall wallow in his vomit, and he also shall be in derision. 27 For was not Israel a derision unto thee? was he found among thieves? for since thou spakest of him, thou skippedst for joy. 28 O ye that dwell in Moab, leave the cities, and dwell in the rock, and be like the dove that maketh her nest in the sides of the hole’s mouth. 29 We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceeding proud) his loftiness, and his arrogancy, and his pride, and the haughtiness of his heart. 30 I know his wrath, saith the LORD ; but it shall not be so; his lies shall not so effect it. 31 Therefore will I howl for Moab, and I will cry out for all Moab; mine heart shall mourn for the men of Kir-heres. 32 O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage. 33 And joy and gladness is taken from the plentiful field, and from the land of Moab; and I have caused wine (3196) to fail from the winepresses: none shall tread with shouting; their shouting shall be no shouting. Jeremiah 51:6–8: 6 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the LORD ’s vengeance; He will render unto her a recompence. 7 Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD ’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine (3196); therefore the nations are mad. 8 Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed. 9 We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country: for her judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies. Lamentations 2:10–12: 10 The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground. 11 Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of My people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. 12 They say to their mothers, “Where is corn and wine (3196)?” when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers’ bosom. Ezekiel 27:18: 18 Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine (3196) of Helbon,* and white wool.

*From Smith’s Bible Dictionary: HEL’BON (Ezek. xxvii.18). “In the wine of Helbon.” A village 10 miles north of Damascus, in a wild and beautiful glen, which is clothed in vineyards. There are many ruins of temples, some with Greek inscriptions, and many other marks of ancient wealth. Ezekiel 44:20–22: 20 Neither shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to grow long; they shall only poll their heads. 21 Neither shall any priest drink wine (3196), when they enter into the inner court. 22 Neither shall they take for their wives a widow, nor her that is put away: but they shall take maidens of the seed of the house of Israel, or a widow that had a priest before. Daniel 1:5–16: 5 And the king appointed them a daily provision of the king’s meat, and of the wine (3196) which he drank: so nourishing them three years, that at the end thereof they might stand before the king. 6 Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: 7 Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego. 8 But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king’s meat, nor with the wine (3196) which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself. 9 Now God had brought Daniel into favour and tender love with the prince of the eunuchs. 10 And the prince of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, “I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your meat and your drink: for why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort? then shall ye make me endanger my head to the king.” 11 Then said Daniel to Melzar, whom the prince of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 12 “Prove thy servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse to eat, and water to drink. 13 Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the countenance of the children that eat of the portion of the king’s meat: and as thou seest, deal with thy servants.” 14 So he consented to them in this matter, and proved them ten days. 15 And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the king’s meat. 16 Thus Melzar took away the portion of their meat, and the wine (3196) that they should drink; and gave them pulse. Daniel 5:1–30: 1 Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine (2562) before the thousand. 2 Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine (2562), commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. 3 Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them. 4 They drank wine (2562), and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. 5 In the same hour came forth fingers of a man’s hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king’s palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote. 6 Then the king’s countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. 7 The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, “Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a

chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.” 8 Then came in all the king’s wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. 9 Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied. 10 Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, “O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed: 11 There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers; 12 Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation.” 13 Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, “Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry? 14 I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee. 15 And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing: 16 And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom.” 17 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, “Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation. 18 O thou king, the MOST HIGH God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour: 19 And for the majesty that He gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down. 20 But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him: 21 And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the MOST HIGH God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that He appointeth over it whomsoever He will. 22 And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this; 23 But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine (2562) in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in Whose hand thy breath is, and Whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified: 24 Then was the part of the hand sent from Him; and this writing was written. 25 And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. 26 This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it. 27 TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. 28 PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.” 29 Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom. 30 In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain. 31

And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old. Daniel 10:1–5: 1 In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision. 2 In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks. 3 I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine (3196) in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled. 4 And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel; 5 Then I lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz: Hosea 2:1–23: 1 Say ye unto your brethren, “Ammi;” and to your sisters, “Ruhamah.” 2 Plead with your mother, plead: for she is not my wife, neither am I her husband: let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts; 3 Lest I strip her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with thirst. 4 And I will not have mercy upon her children; for they be the children of whoredoms. 5 For their mother hath played the harlot: she that conceived them hath done shamefully: for she said, “I will go after my lovers, that give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my drink (8250).” 6 Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a wall, that she shall not find her paths. 7 And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not overtake them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then shall she say, “I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better with me than now.” 8 For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine (8492), and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. 9 Therefore will I return, and take away my corn in the time thereof, and my wine (8492) in the season thereof, and will recover my wool and my flax given to cover her nakedness. 10 And now will I discover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of mine hand. 11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts. 12 And I will destroy her vines and her fig trees, whereof she hath said, ‘These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will make them a forest, and the beasts of the field shall eat them.’ 13 And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat Me,” saith the LORD . 14 “Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. 15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt. 16 And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD , that thou shalt call Me Ishi; and shalt call Me no more Baali. 17 For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be remembered by their name. 18 And in that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down safely. 19 And I will betroth thee unto Me for ever; yea, I will betroth thee unto me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in lovingkindness, and in mercies. 20 I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the LORD . 21 And it shall come to pass in that day, I will hear, saith the LORD , I will hear the heavens, and they shall hear the earth; 22 And the earth shall hear the corn, and the

wine (8492), and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel. 23 And I will sow her unto Me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which were not My people, ‘Thou art My people;’ and they shall say, ‘Thou art My God.’ Hosea 3:1–5: 1 Then said the LORD unto me, “Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine (6025).” 2 So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: 3 And I said unto her, “Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. 4 For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: 5 Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and His goodness in the latter days.” Hosea 4:6–11: 6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to Me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. 7 As they were increased, so they sinned against Me: therefore will I change their glory into shame. 8 They eat up the sin of My people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. 9 And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. 10 For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD . 11 Whoredom and wine (3196) and new wine (8492) take away the heart. Hosea 7:5–16: 5 In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine (3196); he stretched out his hand with scorners. 6 For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait: their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire. 7 They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calleth unto Me. 8 Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people; Ephraim is a cake not turned. 9 Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knoweth it not: yea, gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knoweth not. 10 And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face: and they do not return to the LORD their God, nor seek Him for all this. 11 Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria. 12 When they shall go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down as the fowls of the heaven; I will chastise them, as their congregation hath heard. 13 Woe unto them! for they have fled from Me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against Me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against Me. 14 And they have not cried unto Me with their heart, when they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine (8492), and they rebel against Me. 15 Though I have bound and strengthened their arms, yet do they imagine mischief against Me. 16 They return, but not to the Most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt. Hosea 9:1–5: 1 Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor. 2 The floor and the winepress (3342) shall not feed them, and the new wine (8492) shall fail in her. 3 They shall not dwell in the

LORD ’s land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria. 4 They shall not offer wine (3196) offerings to the LORD , neither shall they be pleasing unto Him: their sacrifices shall be unto them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread for their soul shall not come into the house of the LORD . 5 What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of the LORD ? 6 For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant places for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tabernacles. Hosea 14:1–7: 1 O Israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity. 2 Take with you words, and turn to the LORD : say unto Him, “Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously: so will we render the calves of our lips. 3 Asshur shall not save us; we will not ride upon horses: neither will we say any more to the work of our hands, Ye are our gods: for in thee the fatherless findeth mercy.” 4I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely: for Mine anger is turned away from him. 5 I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shall grow as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon. 6 His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon. 7 They that dwell under his shadow shall return; they shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine: the scent thereof shall be as the wine (3196) of Lebanon. Joel 1:1–13: 1 The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel. 2 Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? 3 Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation. 4 That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten; and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten. 5 Awake, ye drunkards, and weep; and howl, all ye drinkers of wine (3196), because of the new wine (6071); for it is cut off from your mouth. 6 For a nation is come up upon my land, strong, and without number, whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion. 7 He hath laid My vine waste, and barked My fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. 8 Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. 9 The meat offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house of the LORD ; the priests, the LORD ’s ministers, mourn. 10 The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine (8492) is dried up, the oil languisheth. 11 Be ye ashamed, O ye husbandmen; howl, O ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished. 12 The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languisheth; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field, are withered: because joy is withered away from the sons of men. 13 Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests: howl, ye ministers of the altar: come, lie all night in sackcloth, ye ministers of my God: for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the house of your God. Joel 2:18–27: 18 Then will the LORD be jealous for His land, and pity His people. 19 Yea, the LORD will answer and say unto His people, “Behold, I will send you corn, and wine (8492), and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen: 20 But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great

things.” 21 Fear not, O land; be glad and rejoice: for the LORD will do great things. 22 Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field: for the pastures of the wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and the vine do yield their strength. 23 Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: for He hath given you the former rain moderately, and He will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in the first month. 24 And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the fats shall overflow with wine (8492) and oil. 25 And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpiller, and the palmerworm, My great army which I sent among you. 26 And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name of the LORD your God, That hath dealt wondrously with you: and My people shall never be ashamed. 27 And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else: and My people shall never be ashamed. Joel 3:3: 3 And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine (3196), that they might drink (8354). Joel 3:13–18: 13 Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great. 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. 16 The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter His voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel. 17 So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be holy, and there shall no strangers pass through her any more. 18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine (6071), and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD , and shall water the valley of Shittim. Amos 2:6–16: 6 Thus saith the LORD ; “For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they sold the righteous for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes; 7 That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the same maid, to profane My holy name: 8 And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every altar, and they drink the wine (3196) of the condemned in the house of their god. 9 Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. 10 Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. 11 And I raised up of your sons for prophets, and of your young men for Nazarites. Is it not even thus, O ye children of Israel? saith the LORD . 12 But ye gave the Nazarites wine (3196) to drink; and commanded the prophets, saying, ‘Prophesy not.’ 13 Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed that is full of sheaves. 14 Therefore the flight shall perish from the swift, and the strong shall not strengthen his force, neither shall the mighty deliver himself: 15 Neither shall he stand that handleth the bow; and he that is swift of foot shall not deliver himself: neither shall he that rideth the horse deliver himself. 16 And he that is courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked in that day, saith the LORD .

Amos 5:4–15: 4 For thus saith the LORD unto the house of Israel, ‘Seek ye Me, and ye shall live: 5 But seek not Beth-el, nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Beersheba: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Beth-el shall come to nought. 6 Seek the LORD , and ye shall live; lest he break out like fire in the house of Joseph, and devour it, and there be none to quench it in Bethel. 7 Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, 8 Seek Him That maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: That calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is His name: 9 That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress. 10 They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that speaketh uprightly. 11 Forasmuch therefore as your treading is upon the poor, and ye take from him burdens of wheat: ye have built houses of hewn stone, but ye shall not dwell in them; ye have planted pleasant vineyards, but ye shall not drink wine (3196) of them. 12 For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate from their right. 13 Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it is an evil time. 14 Seek good, and not evil, that ye may live: and so the LORD , the God of hosts, shall be with you, as ye have spoken. 15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the LORD God of hosts will be gracious unto the remnant of Joseph. Amos 6:1–7: 1 Woe to them that are at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, which are named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel came! 2 Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: be they better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border? 3 Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near; 4 That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall; 5 That chant to the sound of the viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David; 6 That drink wine (3196) in bowls,* and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph. 7 Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be removed. *These were sacred bowls. Amos 9:13–15: 13 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD , that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine (6071), and all the hills shall melt. 14 And I will bring again the captivity of My people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine (3196) thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them. 15 And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land which I have given them, saith the LORD thy God. Micah 2:11: 11 If a man walking in the spirit and falsehood do lie, saying, ‘I will prophesy unto thee of wine (3196) and of strong drink (7941);’ he shall even be the prophet* of this people. *This word means “sputterer.”

Micah 6:9–16: 9 The LORD ’s voice crieth unto the city, and the man of wisdom shall see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it. 10 Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable? 11 Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights? 12 For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their mouth. 13 Therefore also will I make thee sick in smiting thee, in making thee desolate because of thy sins. 14 Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy casting down shall be in the midst of thee; and thou shalt take hold, but shalt not deliver; and that which thou deliverest will I give up to the sword. 15 Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine (8492), but shalt not drink wine (3196). 16 For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I should make thee a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore ye shall bear the reproach of My people. Habakkuk 2:1–5: 1 I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon the tower, and will watch to see what He will say unto me, and what I shall answer when I am reproved. 2 And the LORD answered me, and said, “Write the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it. 3 For the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry.” 4 Behold, his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him: but the just shall live by his faith. 5 Yea also, because he transgresseth by wine (3196), he is a proud man, neither keepeth at home, who enlargeth his desire as hell, and is as death, and cannot be satisfied, but gathereth unto him all nations, and heapeth unto him all people: Zephaniah 1:7–13: 7 Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord GOD: for the day of the LORD is at hand: for the LORD hath prepared a sacrifice, He hath bid His guests. 8 And it shall come to pass in the day of the LORD ’s sacrifice, that I will punish the princes, and the king’s children, and all such as are clothed with strange apparel. 9 In the same day also will I punish all those that leap on the threshold, which fill their masters’ houses with violence and deceit. 10 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD , that there shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the second, and a great crashing from the hills. 11 Howl, ye inhabitants of Maktesh, for all the merchant people are cut down; all they that bear silver are cut off. 12 And it shall come to pass at that time, that I will search Jerusalem with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees: that say in their heart, ‘The LORD will not do good, neither will He do evil.’ 13 Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine (3196) thereof. Haggai 1:11: 11 And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine (8492), and upon the oil, and upon that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labour of the hands.’ ” Haggai 2:10-14: 10 In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, saying, 11 “Thus saith the LORD of hosts; ‘Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, 12 ‘If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his

garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or wine (3196), or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered and said, “No.” 13 Then said Haggai, “If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean?” And the priests answered and said, “It shall be unclean.” 14 Then answered Haggai, and said, “So is this people, and so is this nation before Me,” saith the LORD ; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. Zechariah 9:11–17: 11 As for thee also, by the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit wherein is no water. 12 Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope: even to day do I declare that I will render double unto thee; 13 When I have bent Judah for Me, filled the bow with Ephraim, and raised up thy sons, O Zion, against thy sons, O Greece, and made thee as the sword of a mighty man. 14 And the LORD shall be seen over them, and His arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord GOD shall blow the trumpet, and shall go with whirlwinds of the south. 15 The LORD of hosts shall defend them; and they shall devour, and subdue with sling stones; and they shall drink, and make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, and as the corners of the altar. 16 And the LORD their God shall save them in that day as the flock of His people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up as an ensign upon His land. 17 For how great is His goodness, and how great is His beauty! corn shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine (8492) the maids. Zechariah 10:5–8: 5 And they shall be as mighty men, which tread down their enemies in the mire of the streets in the battle: and they shall fight, because the LORD is with them, and the riders on horses shall be confounded. 6 And I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the house of Joseph, and I will bring them again to place them; for I have mercy upon them: and they shall be as though I had not cast them off: for I am the LORD their God, and will hear them. 7 And they of Ephraim shall be like a mighty man, and their heart shall rejoice as through wine (3196): yea, their children shall see it, and be glad; their heart shall rejoice in the LORD . 8 I will hiss for them, and gather them; for I have redeemed them: and they shall increase as they have increased.

Wine in the New Testament New Wine in New Bottles Matthew 9:14–17: 14 Then came to Him the disciples of John, saying, “Why do we and the Pharisees fast oft, but Thy disciples fast not?” 15 And Jesus said unto them, “Can the children of the bridechamber mourn, as long as the bridegroom is with them? but the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken from them, and then shall they fast. 16 No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto an old garment, for that which is put in to fill it up taketh from the garment, and the rent is made worse. 17 Neither do men put new wine (3631) into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine (3631) runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine (3631) into new bottles, and both are preserved.” Mark 2:18–22: 18 And the disciples of John and of the Pharisees used to fast: and they come and say unto Him, “Why do the disciples of John and of the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not?” 19 And Jesus said unto them, “Can the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast. 20 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days. 21 No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment: else the new piece that filled it up taketh away from the old, and the rent is made worse. 22 And no man putteth new wine (3631) into old bottles: else the new wine (3631) doth burst the bottles, and the wine (3631) is spilled, and the bottles will be marred: but new wine (3631) must be put into new bottles.” Luke 5:33–39: 33 And they said unto Him, “Why do the disciples of John fast often, and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink?” 34 And He said unto them, “Can ye make the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? 35 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days.” 36 And He spake also a parable unto them; “No man putteth a piece of a new garment upon an old; if otherwise, then both the new maketh a rent, and the piece that was taken out of the new agreeth not with the old. 37 And no man putteth new wine (3631) into old bottles; else the new wine (3631) will burst the bottles, and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish. 38 But new wine (3631) must be put into new bottles; and both are preserved. 39 No man also having drunk old wine straightway desireth new: for he saith, ‘The old is better.’” Jesus Offered Wine Mingled with Myrrh on the Cross Mark 15:22–26: 22 And they bring Him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, “The place of a skull.” 23 And they gave Him to drink wine (3631) mingled with myrrh: but He received it not. 24 And when they had crucified Him, they parted His garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take. 25 And it was the third hour, and they crucified Him. 26 And the superscription of His accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

John the Baptist Forbidden to Drink Wine or Strong Drink Luke 1:5–17: 5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth. 6 And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the LORD blameless. 7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years. 8 And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his course, 9 According to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the Temple of the LORD . 10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense. 11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the LORD standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him. 13 But the angel said unto him, “Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John. 14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth. 15 For he shall be great in the sight of the LORD , and shall drink neither wine (3631) nor strong drink (4608); and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb. 16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the LORD their God. 17 And he shall go before Him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the LORD .” Jesus Called a Winebibber Luke 7:19–33: 19 And John calling unto him two of his disciples sent them to Jesus, saying, “Art thou He That should come?” or look we for another? 20 When the men were come unto Him, they said, “John Baptist hath sent us unto Thee, saying, “‘Art Thou He That should come? or look we for another?’” 21 And in that same hour He cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and of evil spirits; and unto many that were blind He gave sight. 22 Then Jesus answering said unto them, “Go your way, and tell John what things ye have seen and heard; how that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to the poor the gospel is preached. 23 And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in Me.” 24 And when the messengers of John were departed, He began to speak unto the people concerning John, “What went ye out into the wilderness for to see? A reed shaken with the wind? 25 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings’ courts. 26 But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and much more than a prophet. 27 This is he, of whom it is written, ‘Behold, I send My messenger before Thy face, which shall prepare Thy way before Thee.’ 28 For I say unto you, Among those that are born of women there is not a greater prophet than John the Baptist: but he that is least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.” 29 And all the people that heard Him, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized with the baptism of John. 30 But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him. 31 And the LORD said, “Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation? and to what are they like? 32 They are like unto children sitting in the marketplace, and calling one to another, and saying, ‘We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned to you, and ye have not wept.’ 33 For John the Baptist came neither

eating bread nor drinking wine (3631); and ye say, ‘He hath a devil.’ 34 The Son of man is come eating and drinking; and ye say, ‘Behold a gluttonous man, and a winebibber (3630), a friend of publicans and sinners!’ 35 But wisdom is justified of all her children. The Good Samaritan Pours Wine and Oil on the Injured Man’s Wound Luke 10:25–37: 25 And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted Him, saying, “Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?” 26 He said unto him, “What is written in the law? how readest thou?” 27 And he answering said, “Thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself.” 28 And He said unto him, “Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.” 29 But he, willing to justify himself, said unto Jesus, “And who is my neighbour?” 30 And Jesus answering said, “A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 31 And by chance there came down a certain priest that way: and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 And likewise a Levite, when he was at the place, came and looked on him, and passed by on the other side. 33 But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion on him, 34 And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine (3631), and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 And on the morrow when he departed, he took out two pence, and gave them to the host, and said unto him, ‘Take care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, when I come again, I will repay thee.’ 36 Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbour unto him that fell among the thieves?” 37 And he said, “He that shewed mercy on him.” Then said Jesus unto him, “Go, and do thou likewise.” Jesus Turns Water Into Wine—His First Miracle John 2:1–11: 1 And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there: 2 And both Jesus was called, and His disciples, to the marriage. 3 And when they wanted wine (3631), the mother of Jesus saith unto Him, “They have no wine (3631).” 4 Jesus saith unto her, “Woman, what have I to do with thee? Mine hour is not yet come.” 5 His mother saith unto the servants, “Whatsoever He saith unto you, do it.” 6 And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. 7 Jesus saith unto them, “Fill the waterpots with water.” And they filled them up to the brim. 8 And He saith unto them, “Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast.” And they bare it. 9 When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine (3631), and knew not whence it was:

(but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, 10 And saith unto him, “Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine (3631); and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine (3631) until now.” 11 This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested forth His glory; and His disciples believed on Him. John 4:46: 46 So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where He made the water wine (3631). Communion Matthew 26:26–30: 26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And He took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink ye all of it; 28 For this is My blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. 29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.” 30 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives. Mark 14:16–26: 16 And His disciples went forth, and came into the city, and found as He had said unto them: and they made ready the passover. 17 And in the evening He cometh with the twelve. 18 And as they sat and did eat, Jesus said, “Verily I say unto you, One of you which eateth with Me shall betray Me.” 19 And they began to be sorrowful, and to say unto Him one by one, “Is it I”? and another said, “Is it I”? 20 And He answered and said unto them, “It is one of the twelve, that dippeth with Me in the dish. 21 The Son of man indeed goeth, as it is written of Him: but woe to that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! good were it for that man if he had never been born.” 22 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, “Take, eat: this is My body.” 23 And He took the cup, and when He had given thanks, He gave it to them: and they all drank of it. 24 And He said unto them, “This is My blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. 25 Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God.” 26 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives. Luke 22:7–30: 7 Then came the day of unleavened bread, when the passover must be killed. 8 And He sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare us the passover, that we may eat.” 9 And they said unto Him, “Where wilt Thou that we prepare?” 10 And He said unto them, “Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house where he entereth in. 11 And ye shall say unto the goodman of the house, ‘The Master saith unto thee, ‘Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with My disciples?’ ’12 And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready.” 13 And they went, and found as He had said unto them: and they made ready the passover. 14 And when the hour was come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him. 15 And He said unto them, “With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: 16 For I say unto you, I will not any more eat thereof, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 17 And He took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, “Take this, and divide it among yourselves: 18 For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.” 19 And He

took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, “This is My body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of Me.” 20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new testament in My blood, which is shed for you. 21 But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth Me is with me on the table. 22 And truly the Son of man goeth, as it was determined: but woe unto that man by whom he is betrayed!” 23 And they began to enquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. 24 And there was also a strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest. 25 And He said unto them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. 26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. 27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am among you as he that serveth. 28 Ye are they which have continued with Me in my temptations. 29 And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as My Father hath appointed unto Me; 30 That ye may eat and drink at My table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.” One Should Not Drink Wine if It Poses a Stumblingblock Romans 14:19–21: 19 Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another. 20 For meat destroy not the work of God. All things indeed are pure; but it is evil for that man who eateth with offence. 21 It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine (3631), nor any thing whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak. 22 Hast thou faith? have it to thyself before God. Happy is he that condemneth not himself in that thing which he alloweth. 23 And he that doubteth is damned if he eat, because he eateth not of faith: for whatsoever is not of faith is sin. Paul Orders Christians Not to Drink Wine to Excess Ephesians 5:18–20: 18 And be not drunk with wine (3631), wherein is excess*; but be filled with the Spirit; 19 Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the LORD ; 20 Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our LORD Jesus Christ; *This word means “debauchery.” Paul Says Bishops and Aged Women Should Not be Given to Wine I Timothy 3:1–13: 1 This is a true saying, “If a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a good work.” 2 A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; 3 Not given to wine (3943), no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; 4 One that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity; 5 (For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?) 6 Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil. 7 Moreover he must have a good report of them which are without; lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the devil. 8 Likewise must the deacons be grave, not doubletongued, not given to much wine (3631), not greedy of filthy

lucre; 9 Holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience. 10 And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office of a deacon, being found blameless. 11 Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things. 12 Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well. 13 For they that have used the office of a deacon well purchase to themselves a good degree, and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus. Titus 1:6–9: 6 If any be blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of riot or unruly. 7 For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine (3943), no striker, not given to filthy lucre; 8 But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate; 9 Holding fast the faithful word as he hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gainsayers. Titus 2:1–5: 1 But speak thou the things which become sound doctrine: 2 That the aged men be sober, grave, temperate, sound in faith, in charity, in patience. 3 The aged women likewise, that they be in behaviour as becometh holiness, not false accusers, not given to much wine (3631), teachers of good things; 4 That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to love their children, 5 To be discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God be not blasphemed. Paul Teaches to Use a Little Wine “For Thy Stomach’s Sake and Thine Often Infirmities” I Timothy 5:17–25: 17 Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. 18 For the scripture saith, “Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn.” And, “The labourer is worthy of his reward.” 19 Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses. 20 Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear. 21 I charge thee before God, and the LORD Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality. 22 Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men’s sins: keep thyself pure. 23 Drink no longer water, but use a little wine (3631) for thy stomach’s sake and thine often infirmities. 24 Some men’s sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; and some men they follow after. 25 Likewise also the good works of some are manifest beforehand; and they that are otherwise cannot be hid. Peter Disparages Excess of Wine I Peter 4:1–3: 1 Forasmuch then as Christ hath suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin; 2 That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts of men, but to the will of God. 3 For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine (3632), revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries:

The Third Seal Revelation 6:5–6: 5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, “Come and see.” And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand. 6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, “A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine (3631).” The Wine of the Wrath of God Poured Out Revelation 14:6–20: 6 And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people, 7 Saying with a loud voice, “Fear God, and give glory to Him; for the hour of His judgment is come: and worship Him That made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.” 8 And there followed another angel, saying, “Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine (3631) of the wrath of her fornication.” 9 And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, “If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, 10 The same shall drink of the wine (3631) of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of His indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:” 11 And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name. 12 Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.13 And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, “Write, ‘Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.’” 14 And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud One sat like unto the Son of Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. 15 And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him That sat on the cloud, “Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for Thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe.” 16 And He That sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped. 17 And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle. 18 And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, “Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe.” 19 And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. 20 And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs. Revelation 16:17–21: 17 And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the emple of heaven, from the throne, saying, “It is done.” 18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. 19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine (3631) of the fierceness of His

wrath. 20 And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found. 21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great. Revelation 17:1–6: 1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, “Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters: 2 With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine (3631) of her fornication.” 3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. 4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: 5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. 6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration. Revelation 18:1–14: 1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory. 2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird. 3 For all nations have drunk of the wine (3631) of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.” 4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, “Come out of her, My people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues. 5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities. 6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double. 7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, ‘I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.’ 8 Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the LORD God Who judgeth her. 9 And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning, 10 Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.’ 11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more: 12 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble, 13 And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men. 14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all. 15 The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,