N Neettw woorrkk ffoorr DDeem mooccrraaccyy aanndd DDeevveellooppm meenntt D Dooccu um meen nttaattiioon n aan ndd R Reesseeaarrcch hD Deeppaarrttm meen ntt P.O Box 179, Mae Sod, Tak, 63110, Thailand. Tel: 66 (0) 81 7241 281. E-mail:
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t fw tyygw gwpf pf OOf f jjyyn nw f iG iG ;f ;f o ow wii;f ;f o o;Hk ;Hk o oyycf cf su suf f t Sw trrw S pf pf OOf f ((336633)) “'Dtcsdef[m vlxkqENudk az:xkwfjyozdk@ taumif;qHk;tcsdefjzpfw,f” touf(53)ESpft&G,f&dS tar&duefEdkifiHom; *|ef0Dv#H,ufawm (Mr. John William Yettaw) qdkolu arv(3)&ufae@nrSm tif,m;uefudkjzwful;+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfcscHae&wJh vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifq ef; pk=unf&J@ aetdrf+cH0if;twGif;udk 0ifa&mufcJha=umif;/ arv(6)&ufae@ reufapmapmrSm tif;,m;ueftwGif; a&ul; aepOf ‚if;udk vHk+cHKa&;tm%mydkifawGuawG@&dS+yD; zrf;qD;cJha=umif; arv(7)&ufae@xkwf etzowif;pmawGrSm a&;om;az:jycJh=uygw,f? 'Dtr_eJ@ywfouf+yD; arv(14)&ufae@ reufydkif;rSm a':atmifq ef;pk=unfeJ@wuG twlaexdkifol a':cifcif0if; eJ@ r0if;rr wdk@udk etztm%mydkifawGu tif;pdeftusOf;axmifudk ajymif;a&$@ac:aqmifoGm;+yD; a':atmifq ef;pk=unf udk EdkifiHawmftm; aESmuf,SufzsufqD;vdkolrsm;. ab;tEW&,frS umuG,fapmifha&SmufonfOh ya' yk'fr(22)/ a':cif cif0if;/ r0if;rreJ@ *|ef0Dv#H,ufawm wdk@udk yk'fr(22)tjyif jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr(109) wdk@eJ@ w&m;pGJqdkcJhygw,f? arv(18)&ufae@rSm a':atmifq ef;pk=unf wdk@udk tif;pdefaxmifwGif; txl;w&m;&Hk;rSm wHcg;ydwf =um;emppfaq;r_ awG pwifcJhygw,f? a':atmifq ef;pk=unf&J@ a&S@aeawGu trsm;jynfolawG&J@a&S@arSmufrSm vGwfvyfpGm w&m;pD&ifzdk@ (Open Court vkyfzdk@) &Hk;awmfudk t}udrf}udraf v#mufxm;cJhayrJh w&m;&Hk;u vHk+cHKa&;udkta=umif;jy+yD; y,fcscJhyg w,f? rqv ppftpdk;&acwf 1977 ckESpf Zlvdkifv(20)&ufae@ tif;pdefaxmifwGif; txl;w&m;&Hk;rSm pwif&Hk;xkwf ppfaq;cJhwJh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifh acgif;aqmifwJh wyfrawmft&m&dSwpk&J@ EdkifiHawmfvkyf}uHr_}uD;udk trsm;jynfol wufa&mufavhvmEdkifatmif cGifhjyKcJhzl;ygw,f? 'Dtr_rmS EdkifiHawmft}uD;tuJqdkolawG&J@ udk,fa&;t&m&dSawG tyg t0if Adkvf}uD;(11)OD;/ AdkvfrSL;(3)OD;eJ@ wdkif;rSL;wOD;wdk@tjyif wyfrawmfom;trsm;pku av;pm;cspfcifcJhwJh umuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ol&OD;wifOD; wdk@udk,fwdkif w&m;pGJqdkcH&wmjzpfvdk@ 'Dtr_[m vHk+cHKa&;&_axmifu h =unfh r,fqdk&if ,QKtr_xuf ydkta&;}uD;w,fvdk@ qdkEdkiyf gw,f? touf (64)ESpft&G,f a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ touf(66)ESpft&G,f a':cifcif0if; eJ@ touf(41)ESpft&G,f r0if;rr wdk@vdk trsdK;orD;(3)OD;&J@tr_udk vufeufudkiftiftm; (4)odef;ausmf&Sw d Jh etzppftm%m&SifawGu vHk+cHKa&; ta=umif;jy+yD; trsm;jynfolawGa&S@arSmufrSm vGwfvyfpGm w&m;rpD&if&Jwm[m obm0rusbl;vdk@ ,lq ygw,f? Open Court jzpfzdk@twGuf tzGJ@csKyfomru jynfolvlxkw &yfvHk;uyg awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifzdk@ vkdtyfygw,f? etz w&m;&Hk;u pGJcsufwifzdk@ qHk;jzwfcsufrcsrSwf&ao;cif etzppftpdk;&&J@owif;pmawGrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf wdk@udk “w&m;cH” oHk;E_ef;az:jycJhwmudkvnf; w&m;jyefpGJoifhygw,f? ppftkyfpk[m a':atmifqef;pk=unftay: yk*~dKvfa&;t&yg wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;wD;+yD; tajctaeay;&if owfypfzdk@ txd qHk;jzwfxm;=uolawG jzpfygw,f? 1989 ckESpf {+yDv(4)&ufae@ a':atmifq ef;pk=unf&J@ {&m0wDwdkif; pnf;&Hk; a&;c&D;pOftwGif; "EkjzL r0wOuUX Adkvf}uD;jrifhOD; qdkolu a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk aoeyfeJ@ypfzdk@ vHk+cHKa&;wyfzGJ@udk trdef@ay;cJhr_/ 1996 ckESpf Edk0ifbm(9)&ufae@ &efukef+rdK@ ukuUdKif;vrf;qHkrSm a':atmifq ef;pk=unfwdk@ armfawmf,mOf wef;udk vlpkvla0;eJ@ ae@cif;a=umifawmif t=urf;zufwdkufcdkufcJhr_/ 2003 ckESpf ar(30) 'DyJ,if; +cHKcdkwdkufcdkurf _}uD; awG[m xif&Sm;wJhom"uawG jzpfygw,f?
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'Drdkua&pDESifhzGH‹òz;wdk;wufa&;tiftm;pk/ okawoeESifh rSwfwrf;wifXmerS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf? Documentation and Research Department (NDD)