Wimax Overview

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What is Wimax? Forecasting Wimax forum Variations and Standards Wimax Family Example configuration Target Market Other Standards Protocol Stack

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Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access “A standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL” Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Based on IEEE 802.16

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An industry consortium formed in April 2001. The WiMAX Forum has more than 230 members.




Mission to ensure conformance and interoperability of IEEE 802.16 systems from different vendors.




WiMAX vendor community for driving WiMAX E2E system architecture and specifications.

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FREQUENCY BANDS OFDM AAS MIMO FDD/TDD

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Electromagnetic waves have Sines & Cosines Digital Data is Stream of 1s and 0s. QUESTION How can we map the digital data via an Analog Transmission ? ANSWER FFT ------> OFDM

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Its MAX in WiMAX Originally patented in 1970 Uses FFT for Orthogonal function Resistance to interference and degradation. Inshort, Deliver signal more further and with less interference than other competing technologies.




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It allows adjacent carrier to be mapped very close to each other Orthogonal Frequency like 10 MHz,20 Mhz & 30 Mhz on any RF frequency (like X+10Mhz)

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Total number of Sub carriers =256 Guard Band utilization of sub carriers=56 Pilot carriers= -88,-63,-38,-13,13,38,63 & 88 The bandwidth of the Wimax carrier varies from 1.25 to 20 Mhz as per IEEE802.16d.

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ADAPTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEM 



Antenna Arrays which transmit the same signal using different phase, amplitude and time shift among the signals The key advantage is beamforming towards the single users at certain locations while simultaneously wiping out the same signal at different location.

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Optional Future in the standard Different from AAS 



Transmit the different signals through different antennas MIMO relies on the transmit and receive antenna being spaced apart from each other sufficiently to allow the signal distinction

S/P= Serial to parallel conversion MUD=Multi user detection INTERFACEINTERFACE-A TELECO RESOURCE FIRM

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Data Randomization

Coding Algos

ADAPTIVE MODULATION

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DATA PROCESSING CHAIN IN WIMAX


RANDOMIZATION 




Forward Error Correction    




The information bits are XOR with the predefined data stream to eliminate any sort of DC pattern. Reed Solomon Coding Block Convolution coding Block Turbo Coding Block Convolution Coding

Modulation 

Adaptive


BPSK,QPSK,QAM

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Through AM WiMAX system adapts the signal modulation scheme depending on the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) condition of the radio link . WiMAX uses distance gradation for the QoS. The greater the distance the lower the guarantee of QoS. PSK is more tolerant of Interference than QAM. For this reason where signals are expected to be resistant of Noise , BPSK or QPSK is the choice.

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Three Parts   

Convergence Sublayer Common Part Sublayer Security Sublayer

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Interface to upper layer Packet Classification Payload header Suppression

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Network Entry and Initialization Connection Management (CID’s, SF and QoS Control) Mobility features for .e Version

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Protection from Theft of Service SS Authentication Data Encryption over the Air.

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Any communication between SS & BS in IEEE.802.16 on bidirectional connections are identified by CIDs Per bidirectional connections, are exactly one or two unidirectional service flows During network entry, the SS is assigned individual CID-values for the exchange of MAC control information

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With respect to decreasing real time capabilities    

UGS rtPS nrtPS BE

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X.509 Certificate/RSA based Authentication and Encryption 



RSA, based on PKI and the presence of X.509 certificate in every SS.Two different keys are used (PUBLIC and PRIVATE). One for encryption and other is decryption.

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Each frame consist of Uplink and downlink Sub frame. TTG and RTG allows the SS and BS to switch between trans n recv. The frame duration as per the Standard can range form 2.5ms-20ms. The long preamble is used during the PHYsync and the DLFP---downlink frame prefix is used to indicate the location and profile of the first downlink burst. INTERFACEINTERFACE-A TELECO RESOURCE FIRM

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Frequency Scan and PHY-Sync




Listen to Broadcast Messages

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Initial Ranging




Negotiate Basic Capabilities

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SS Authentication and Key Exchange




Registration

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Establish of the Provisioned Connections 

The BS will be aware of the pre-provisioned connections that are required for a particular SS ( Like E1stream). These connections are now setup.

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