What Is E-commerce ?

What is E-Commerce ? • Electronic commerce (EC) is an emerging concept that describes the buying and selling of products, services and information via computer networks, including the Internet.

E-BUSINESS • "e-Business", may be defined as the utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) in support of all the activities of business. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business.

eBusiness Processes WHY

Customer Relationship

WHAT

Redesign Business Processes (OutsideIn)

HOW

Applying Technology

E-BUSINESS MODELS Applications can be divided into two categories: • Internal business systems: – – – –

customer relationship management enterprise resource planning document management systems human resources management

• Enterprise communication and collaboration: – – – – – – – –

content management system e-mail voice mail Web conferencing Digital work flows (or business process management) internet shop supply chain management online marketing & offline marketing

What is B2C? • B2C (or Extranets) is just web-enabled relationships between existing partners; they tend to be run by a single company seeking to lower the cost of doing business with its current suppliers or individual customers. • Examples? – Amazon.com – Egghead.com

Figure: A B2C e-business Model

Enterprise

Internet

User Profiles Workflow Business rules Payment Analytics

Intranet

B2C Applications • • • •

Electronic storefront Electronic malls Advertising online Service online – – – –

selling books, toys, computers e-banking (cyberbanking) online stock trading online job market, travel, real estate

Figure : B2C and B2B Internet Commerce in the U.S. (Source: Forrester Research) Billion

$ 1 ,6 0 0 $ 1 ,4 0 0 $ 1 ,2 0 0 $ 1 ,0 0 0

B2C

$800 $600

B2B

$400 $200 $0 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

What is B2B? • “B2B” is business-tobusiness commerce conducted over the Internet (called B2B e-commerce space, or e-marketplaces)

N

Focus on e-Business Applications Knowledge Management/Business Intelligence

E-Commerce

Procurement Network M:1

Trading Network M:N

E-Channel Management 1:N

E-Portal Management E-Services

SCM/ERP/Legacy Appls

Businesses & Consumers

Businesses

E-Customer Relationship

B2B Applications • • • • •

Advertising Auctioning Procurement Channel management E-commerce

B2C vs. B2B B2C

B2B

Switching Costs Low with multiple suppliersHigh when integrated withfrastructure; efew qualified suppliers Relationship Transactional Long term, mission critical Type Transaction Type Smaller average selling priceL arger average selling price Revenue M odel Traffic volume is critical; Don’t need every customer, only need the Large customer base is key right customers

Source: Goldman Sachs Investmenet Research

INTERNET 1 • The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. • It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fibre-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. • The Internet 1 carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. • In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing , gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allow person-to-person communication via voice and video.

INTERNET 2 • Internet2 is an advanced networking consortium led by the research and education community.. • Internet2 operates the Internet2 Network, a next-generation Internet Protocol and optical network that delivers production network services to meet the highperformance demands of research and education, and provides a secure network testing and research environment. • The Internet2 Network, through its regional network and connector members, connects over 60,000 U.S. educational, research, government ,colleges and universities, public libraries and museums to healthcare organizations. • The Internet2 community is actively engaged in developing and deploying emerging network technologies beyond the scope of single institutions and critical to the future of the Internet. • Internet2 is member led and member focused, with an open governance structure and process.

INTERNET 2 OBJECTIVES The Internet2 consortium's objectives are: • Developing and maintaining a leading-edge network. • Fully exploiting the capabilities of broadband connections through the use of new-generation applications. • Transferring new network services and applications to all levels of educational use, and eventually the broader Internet community. • The uses of the network span from collaborative applications, distributed research experiments, grid-based data analysis and social networking.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) • HTML, which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. • It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. • It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of "tags" surrounded by angle brackets within the web page content. • (HTML) is the encoding scheme used to create and format a web document. A user need not be an expert programmer to make use of HTML for creating hypertext documents that can be put on the internet.

HTML Functionalities • HTML gives authors the means to: • Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, lists, photos, etc – Include spread-sheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in their documents

• Link information via hypertext links, at the click of a button • Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in searching for information, making reservations, ordering products, etc 17

HTML Versions • HTML 4.01 is a revision of the HTML 4.0 Recommendation first released on 18th December 1997. – HTML 4.01 Specification:

• http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/html40.txt • HTML 4.0 was first released as a W3C Recommendation on 18 December 1997 • HTML 3.2 was W3C's first Recommendation for HTML which represented the consensus on HTML features for 1996 • HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866) was developed by the IETF's HTML Working Group, which set the standard for core HTML features based upon current practice in 1994. 18

Sample Webpage

19

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language

HTML AND XML HTML is used to mark up text so it XML is used to mark up data can be displayed to users so it can be processed by computers HTML describes both structure (e.g.

,

, <em>) and appearance (e.g.
, , )

XML describes only content, or “meaning”

HTML uses a fixed, unchangeable set of tags

In XML, you make up your own tags

HTML VS XML • HTML is for humans – HTML describes web pages – You don’t want to see error messages about the web pages you visit – Browsers ignore and/or correct as many HTML errors as they can, so HTML is often sloppy

• XML is for computers – XML describes data – The rules are strict and errors are not allowed • In this way, XML is like a programming language

– Current versions of most browsers can display XML • However, browser support of XML is spotty at best

SMTP(SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL

FTP(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL

HTTP VS FTP

SMTP VS HTTP

OSI • The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative..

• In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model

HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a combination of the hyper text transfer protocol with the SSL/TLSprotocol to provide encryption and secure identification of the server. • HTTPS connections are often used for payment transactions on the World Wide Weband for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems. • The main idea of HTTPS is to create a secure channel over an insecure network.

• The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly known as TCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.\ • It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard

Internet -2 • Internet2 is an advanced networking consortium led by the research and education community. • The not-for-profit partnership includes leaders from research, academia, industry and government. In 2009, Internet2 member rolls included over 30 research and education regional networks known as "connectors“ which act as local POPs

with those connectors providing connectivity to over 200 higher education institutions, over 50 affiliate members and over 40 members from industry. • The Internet2 community is actively engaged in developing and deploying emerging network technologies beyond the scope of single institutions and critical to the future of the Internet

NGI

• National Genetics Institute (NGI) provides advanced genetics testing services for blood screening, medical testing, and clinical research. The company offers industry leading assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A, B, and C (HAV, HBV, and HCV) viruses and other infectious agents and has pioneered robust, sensitive, and high throughput methods for pooled specimen nucleic acid testing.

• NGI is licensed as a clinical laboratory provider by both state and federal agencies, participates in a number of approved quality control programs, and holds active Biologics Licenses from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for screening of plasma for blood borne infectious agents.