Welfare State

Welfare state

J.Richardson

Welfare development welfare needs:  material subjective  absolute relative welfare state:  no ‘revolution’  no master blueprint  state responsibility  citizenship rights (T.H.Marshall)  institutional > residual  comprehensive

Beveridge’s Five Giants 

Disease (health)

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Squalor (housing)

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Want (social security)

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Ignorance (education)

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Idleness (unemployment/ personal social services)

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(add Racism?)

Expenditure 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – monetary value of goods and services within UK.



public expenditure – state spending on goods and services (about 40-45% of G.D.P.)



social services expenditure – mainly the five giants (about 60% of public expenditure)

1990s pattern Social services

Education

Health

Social security

Housing

Personal S.S.

20%

22%

44%

10%

5%

Social spending 2006 education £73b  health £96b  social security £151b  housing £19b  personal s.s. £26b 

Compare with:  defence £29b  law and order £32b