Vet.pdf

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 21, 2019

USDL-19-0451

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2018 The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—declined to 3.8 percent in 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans was little changed at 3.5 percent in 2018. In August 2018, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a serviceconnected disability, compared with 25 percent of all veterans. This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2018 annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2018, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also presented in this news release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this news release. Highlights from the 2018 data: •

The unemployment rate for female veterans declined to 3.0 percent in 2018, and the rate for male veterans (3.5 percent) changed little over the year. The unemployment rate for male veterans was not statistically different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

•

Among the 326,000 unemployed veterans in 2018, 54 percent were age 25 to 54, 40 percent were age 55 and over, and 6 percent were age 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

•

Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 5.2 percent in August 2018, higher than the rate for veterans with no disability (3.5 percent). (See table 7.)

•

About 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector in August 2018, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 8.)

•

In 2018, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 1.4 percent in Iowa to 6.5 percent in the District of Columbia. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population In 2018, 19.2 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all veterans were women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 40 percent (7.6 million) of the total veteran population in 2018. Thirty-eight percent of veterans (7.2 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). About a quarter (4.3 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.) Gulf War-era II Veterans In 2018, there were 4.1 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Nearly seventy percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for women declined to 3.5 percent in 2018, while the unemployment rate for men (3.9 percent) changed little over the year. The unemployment rate for men was not statistically different from the rate for women in 2018. (See table A.) In 2018, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.9 percent, was little different than the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.8 percent. The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans age 25 to 34 declined to 4.1 percent in 2018 from 6.0 percent in 2017. This was little different from the rate for nonveterans in the same age group (3.8 percent). Among men age 55 to 64, Gulf Warera II veterans had a lower unemployment rate (1.4 percent) than did nonveterans (3.0 percent). (See table 2B.) Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (3.5 percent) was little different than the rate for nonveterans (3.7 percent) in 2018. By age, unemployment rates for female veterans and nonveterans were also little different. (See table 2C.) Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2018 as employed nonveterans—26 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 14 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.) In August 2018, 45 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 5.7 percent, higher than the rate for Gulf Warera II veterans who served elsewhere (3.2 percent). (See table 10.) Gulf War-era I Veterans Of the 3.1 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the proportion who were women (16 percent in 2018) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17 -2-

percent). All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2018, compared with 54 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.) In 2018, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were little different at 2.9 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively. The rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans was lower than that of their Gulf War-era II counterparts (3.9 percent). Rates for female veterans of Gulf War eras I and II were little different. (See tables 2B and 2C.) Veterans of Other Service Periods In 2018, 4.3 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from this period of service were 45 years or older at the time of the survey. Sixteen percent of these veterans were age 45 to 54 in 2018, another 45 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were age 65 and over. (See table 2A.) In 2018, about 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods, the unemployment rate for men (3.5 percent) was nearly the same as the rate for women (3.6 percent). (See table 1.) Veterans with a Service-connected Disability In August 2018, 4.7 million veterans, or 25 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.) The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 5.2 percent in August 2018, higher than the rate for veterans with no disability (3.5 percent). The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (48.0 percent) was little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (48.7 percent). Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 29 percent reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent, while another 41 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2018, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (56.3 percent and 40.0 percent, respectively). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 4.2 percent, not statistically different than for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (6.1 percent). Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (1.7 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2018. Nearly half of these veterans had a service-connected disability of 60 percent or higher. In August 2018, 73.5 percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans with a serviceconnected disability were in the labor force, lower than the 85.8 percent for veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 5.3 percent, not statistically different from those with no disability (3.3 percent).

-3-

In August 2018, 27 percent (843,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (67.9 percent) was lower than the rate for veterans who did not have a disability (85.4 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (4.5 percent) was not statistically different than that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (3.3 percent). Among the 1.6 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, 12.6 percent were in the labor force in August 2018, lower than the 20.7 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of veterans from these wartime periods with a service-connected disability was 1.2 percent, lower than their counterparts with no disability (5.1 percent). Fourteen percent (614,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2018. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (40.3 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (48.4 percent). The unemployment rate was higher for veterans with a service-connected disability (9.7 percent) than those with no disability (2.9 percent). Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector. In August 2018, 32 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 18 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Twenty-two percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal government, compared with 8 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.) Reserve and National Guard Membership In August 2018, one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 forward) were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.9 percent) than for veterans who were never members (79.5 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (3.4 percent) that was not statistically different than those who had never been members (4.1 percent). (See table 9.)

-4-

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2017-2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Veteran status and period of service

2017 Total

Men

2018 Women

Total

Men

Women

TOTAL VETERANS Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... .

20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

18,387 8,934 48.6 8,613 46.8 321 3.6 9,454

2,000 1,191 59.6 1,142 57.1 49 4.1 808

19,201 9,453 49.2 9,127 47.5 326 3.5 9,748

17,335 8,320 48.0 8,027 46.3 292 3.5 9,015

1,866 1,133 60.7 1,099 58.9 34 3.0 732

Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... .

4,116 3,318 80.6 3,169 77.0 149 4.5 798

3,400 2,819 82.9 2,698 79.4 121 4.3 580

716 498 69.6 471 65.7 28 5.5 218

4,149 3,358 80.9 3,229 77.8 129 3.8 791

3,444 2,853 82.8 2,742 79.6 111 3.9 592

704 505 71.7 487 69.1 18 3.5 200

NONVETERANS Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... .

225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

100,301 75,154 74.9 71,907 71.7 3,248 4.3 25,147

125,318 72,803 58.1 69,785 55.7 3,018 4.1 52,515

229,673 150,489 65.5 144,797 63.0 5,693 3.8 79,184

102,817 76,774 74.7 73,824 71.8 2,950 3.8 26,043

126,857 73,715 58.1 70,972 55.9 2,743 3.7 53,141

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.

Technical Note The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—obtains information on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. Most of the data in this release are annual averages, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Definitions The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows: Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons. Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during other service periods,

these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are classified in the wartime period. Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service periods are identified: Gulf War era II — September 2001-present Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001 Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975 Korean War — July 1950-January 1955 World War II — December 1941-December 1946 Other service periods — All other time periods Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors. Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?" Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined that you have a serviceconnected disability, that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?" Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to

100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4— "Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either question classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question classified persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard." Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather

than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see https://www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm Comparability of estimates Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs’ population model. In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the updated veteran population model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vet pop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf.

at

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of labor force

Not in labor force

TOTAL Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

248,874 19,201 7,238 4,149 3,089 7,626 4,336 229,673

159,942 9,453 5,784 3,358 2,427 1,594 2,075 150,489

64.3 49.2 79.9 80.9 78.6 20.9 47.9 65.5

153,923 9,127 5,588 3,229 2,358 1,537 2,002 144,797

61.8 47.5 77.2 77.8 76.3 20.2 46.2 63.0

6,019 326 197 129 68 57 73 5,693

3.8 3.5 3.4 3.8 2.8 3.6 3.5 3.8

88,932 9,748 1,454 791 662 6,033 2,261 79,184

Men Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120,152 17,335 6,043 3,444 2,599 7,366 3,925 102,817

85,094 8,320 4,919 2,853 2,066 1,541 1,860 76,774

70.8 48.0 81.4 82.8 79.5 20.9 47.4 74.7

81,852 8,027 4,748 2,742 2,005 1,485 1,795 73,824

68.1 46.3 78.6 79.6 77.2 20.2 45.7 71.8

3,242 292 171 111 61 56 65 2,950

3.8 3.5 3.5 3.9 2.9 3.6 3.5 3.8

35,058 9,015 1,124 592 533 5,826 2,065 26,043

Women Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,722 1,866 1,194 704 490 260 412 126,857

74,849 1,133 865 505 360 53 215 73,715

58.1 60.7 72.4 71.7 73.5 20.3 52.3 58.1

72,072 1,099 840 487 353 52 208 70,972

56.0 58.9 70.3 69.1 72.0 19.9 50.5 55.9

2,777 34 25 18 7 1 8 2,743

3.7 3.0 2.9 3.5 2.1 1.7 3.6 3.7

53,874 732 329 200 130 207 196 53,141

White Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

193,658 15,819 5,507 3,183 2,323 6,702 3,610 177,839

124,123 7,580 4,457 2,613 1,844 1,413 1,710 116,543

64.1 47.9 80.9 82.1 79.4 21.1 47.4 65.5

119,976 7,328 4,311 2,521 1,790 1,364 1,653 112,648

62.0 46.3 78.3 79.2 77.0 20.4 45.8 63.3

4,146 252 146 91 54 49 57 3,895

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.3

69,535 8,239 1,050 571 479 5,288 1,901 61,296

Black or African American Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31,518 2,433 1,215 658 557 644 574 29,084

20,215 1,323 918 494 424 117 287 18,892

64.1 54.4 75.6 75.2 76.1 18.2 50.0 65.0

18,948 1,266 881 467 414 112 273 17,682

60.1 52.0 72.5 71.1 74.3 17.4 47.5 60.8

1,267 57 37 27 10 5 14 1,210

6.3 4.3 4.0 5.5 2.4 4.6 5.0 6.4

11,303 1,110 297 163 133 527 287 10,192

Asian Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,412 361 204 127 77

10,027 208 153 100 52

65.1 57.5 74.8 78.7 68.2

9,729 202 148 96 51

63.1 56.0 72.4 75.6 66.9

298 5 5 4 1

3.0 2.6 3.2 3.9 1.9

5,384 153 52 27 24

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2018 annual averages — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of population

Unemployed Total

Percent of labor force

Not in labor force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107 50 15,051

29 25 9,820

27.5 51.2 65.2

29 25 9,527

27.2 50.6 63.3

0 0 293

– – 3.0

77 24 5,231

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total, 18 years and over................................ . Veterans................................................ . Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40,581 1,345 776 539 237 338 231 39,236

27,886 849 631 432 199 86 132 27,037

68.7 63.1 81.3 80.1 83.9 25.5 57.2 68.9

26,630 817 610 417 193 82 125 25,813

65.6 60.7 78.6 77.4 81.3 24.3 54.0 65.8

1,256 33 21 15 6 4 7 1,223

4.5 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.1 5.0 5.5 4.5

12,695 496 145 107 38 252 99 12,199

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Veteran status, age, and period of service

TOTAL VETERANS Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era, total Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL NONVETERANS Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force Total

Percent of population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Unemployed Total

Percent of labor force

Not in labor force

19,201 256 1,636 1,996 2,759 3,569 8,985

9,453 183 1,367 1,720 2,322 2,222 1,639

49.2 71.6 83.6 86.2 84.2 62.3 18.2

9,127 164 1,311 1,660 2,261 2,151 1,580

47.5 64.0 80.1 83.2 82.0 60.3 17.6

326 19 56 60 60 71 59

3.5 10.6 4.1 3.5 2.6 3.2 3.6

9,748 73 269 276 437 1,347 7,346

7,238 256 1,636 1,996 2,065 945 340

5,784 183 1,367 1,720 1,750 672 92

79.9 71.6 83.6 86.2 84.7 71.1 27.1

5,588 164 1,311 1,660 1,707 657 89

77.2 64.0 80.1 83.2 82.6 69.5 26.3

197 19 56 60 43 15 3

3.4 10.6 4.1 3.5 2.4 2.3 3.0

1,454 73 269 276 316 273 248

4,149 256 1,636 1,196 627 340 94

3,358 183 1,367 1,011 520 247 30

80.9 71.6 83.6 84.5 82.9 72.6 31.8

3,229 164 1,311 974 509 243 29

77.8 64.0 80.1 81.4 81.2 71.4 30.6

129 19 56 37 11 4 1

3.8 10.6 4.1 3.7 2.1 1.6 –

791 73 269 185 107 93 64

3,089 800 1,438 605 246

2,427 709 1,229 426 62

78.6 88.7 85.5 70.4 25.3

2,358 686 1,198 414 61

76.3 85.8 83.3 68.5 24.6

68 23 32 11 2

2.8 3.3 2.6 2.7 2.8

662 91 209 179 184

7,626 659 6,967

1,594 288 1,305

20.9 43.7 18.7

1,537 280 1,257

20.2 42.5 18.0

57 8 49

3.6 2.8 3.7

6,033 371 5,662

4,336 694 1,965 1,677

2,075 572 1,262 241

47.9 82.5 64.2 14.4

2,002 555 1,214 233

46.2 79.9 61.8 13.9

73 18 48 8

3.5 3.1 3.8 3.2

2,261 122 704 1,436

229,673 28,832 42,945 38,574 38,480 38,548 42,295

150,489 18,668 35,407 31,899 30,989 25,135 8,390

65.5 64.8 82.4 82.7 80.5 65.2 19.8

144,797 17,175 34,014 30,957 30,112 24,413 8,126

63.0 59.6 79.2 80.3 78.3 63.3 19.2

5,693 1,493 1,394 943 877 722 264

3.8 8.0 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.2

79,184 10,163 7,538 6,674 7,491 13,413 33,905

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, MEN Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era, total Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONVETERANS, MEN Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor force

Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of population

17,335 210 1,314 1,626 2,359 3,161 8,664

8,320 155 1,133 1,430 2,022 1,996 1,584

48.0 73.8 86.2 88.0 85.7 63.1 18.3

8,027 137 1,086 1,378 1,968 1,932 1,526

46.3 65.2 82.6 84.8 83.4 61.1 17.6

292 18 47 52 54 64 58

3.5 11.6 4.1 3.6 2.7 3.2 3.7

9,015 55 181 196 337 1,165 7,080

6,043 210 1,314 1,626 1,763 821 309

4,919 155 1,133 1,430 1,522 594 84

81.4 73.8 86.2 88.0 86.4 72.4 27.2

4,748 137 1,086 1,378 1,484 581 81

78.6 65.2 82.6 84.8 84.2 70.8 26.3

171 18 47 52 39 13 3

3.5 11.6 4.1 3.6 2.5 2.3 3.3

1,124 55 181 196 240 227 225

3,444 210 1,314 988 549 299 84

2,853 155 1,133 852 466 220 26

82.8 73.8 86.2 86.3 84.9 73.7 31.0

2,742 137 1,086 820 456 217 25

79.6 65.2 82.6 83.0 83.1 72.7 29.8

111 18 47 32 10 3 1

3.9 11.6 4.1 3.7 2.1 1.4 –

592 55 181 136 83 79 58

2,599 638 1,213 522 225

2,066 578 1,056 374 58

79.5 90.6 87.0 71.6 25.7

2,005 558 1,028 364 56

77.2 87.4 84.7 69.6 25.0

61 20 29 10 2

2.9 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.0

533 60 157 148 167

7,366 605 6,761

1,541 269 1,272

20.9 44.5 18.8

1,485 261 1,224

20.2 43.1 18.1

56 8 48

3.6 3.0 3.8

5,826 336 5,490

3,925 596 1,735 1,594

1,860 499 1,132 228

47.4 83.7 65.3 14.3

1,795 484 1,090 221

45.7 81.2 62.8 13.8

65 15 43 8

3.5 3.0 3.8 3.3

2,065 97 603 1,366

102,817 14,396 20,890 18,307 17,797 17,105 14,321

76,774 9,538 18,656 16,693 15,506 12,444 3,938

74.7 66.3 89.3 91.2 87.1 72.7 27.5

73,824 8,693 17,940 16,230 15,070 12,069 3,822

71.8 60.4 85.9 88.7 84.7 70.6 26.7

2,950 844 716 463 436 375 116

3.8 8.9 3.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9

26,043 4,858 2,234 1,614 2,291 4,661 10,383

Total

Percent of labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, WOMEN Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era, total Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONVETERANS, WOMEN Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor force

Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of population

1,866 46 322 370 400 408 321

1,133 28 234 290 300 226 55

60.7 61.3 72.7 78.4 75.0 55.5 17.2

1,099 27 225 281 293 220 54

58.9 58.5 69.9 76.1 73.3 53.8 16.8

34 1 9 9 7 7 1

3.0 – 4.0 3.0 2.2 3.1 2.2

732 18 88 80 100 182 266

1,194 46 322 370 302 124 31

865 28 234 290 227 78 8

72.4 61.3 72.7 78.4 75.1 62.9 –

840 27 225 281 223 76 8

70.3 58.5 69.9 76.1 73.7 61.4 –

25 1 9 9 4 2 0

2.9 – 4.0 3.0 1.8 2.4 –

329 18 88 80 75 46 23

704 46 322 208 78 41 10

505 28 234 159 54 26 4

71.7 61.3 72.7 76.3 69.2 64.1 –

487 27 225 154 53 25 4

69.1 58.5 69.9 73.7 67.7 62.0 –

18 1 9 5 1 1 0

3.5 – 4.0 3.4 2.1 – –

200 18 88 49 24 15 6

490 161 225 83 21

360 131 173 52 4

73.5 81.2 77.2 62.4 –

353 128 170 51 4

72.0 79.1 75.8 61.1 –

7 3 3 1 0

2.1 2.5 1.8 2.0 –

130 30 51 31 17

260 54 206

53 19 34

20.3 35.2 16.4

52 19 33

19.9 35.2 15.9

1 0 1

1.7 – –

207 35 172

412 97 230 84

215 73 130 13

52.3 74.7 56.2 15.7

208 70 124 13

50.5 72.1 54.0 15.4

8 2 5 0

3.6 3.4 3.9 –

196 25 101 70

126,857 14,436 22,054 20,267 20,683 21,443 27,974

73,715 9,131 16,751 15,207 15,483 12,691 4,452

58.1 63.3 76.0 75.0 74.9 59.2 15.9

70,972 8,482 16,073 14,727 15,042 12,344 4,304

55.9 58.8 72.9 72.7 72.7 57.6 15.4

2,743 649 678 480 441 347 148

3.7 7.1 4.0 3.2 2.8 2.7 3.3

53,141 5,305 5,303 5,060 5,200 8,751 23,521

Total

Percent of labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment

VETERANS Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era, total Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era II Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gulf War era I Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other service periods Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONVETERANS Total, 25 years and over................................ . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of population

Unemployed Total

Percent of labor force

Not in labor force

18,945 804 5,421 6,593 6,127

9,270 175 2,317 3,385 3,392

48.9 21.7 42.8 51.3 55.4

8,963 166 2,229 3,260 3,308

47.3 20.6 41.1 49.5 54.0

307 9 89 125 84

3.3 5.1 3.8 3.7 2.5

9,675 629 3,103 3,208 2,734

6,982 78 1,556 2,727 2,621

5,601 47 1,238 2,117 2,199

80.2 61.0 79.5 77.6 83.9

5,424 45 1,190 2,039 2,150

77.7 58.2 76.4 74.8 82.0

177 2 48 78 49

3.2 4.5 3.9 3.7 2.2

1,381 30 318 610 422

3,893 40 824 1,538 1,490

3,175 26 667 1,199 1,283

81.5 64.0 81.0 77.9 86.1

3,065 24 641 1,148 1,253

78.7 59.1 77.8 74.6 84.1

109 2 26 51 30

3.4 – 4.0 4.3 2.3

718 14 157 339 208

3,089 38 732 1,188 1,131

2,427 22 571 918 916

78.6 57.9 77.9 77.2 81.0

2,358 22 549 891 897

76.3 57.3 74.9 75.0 79.3

68 0 22 27 19

2.8 – 3.8 2.9 2.1

662 16 162 271 214

7,626 477 2,349 2,415 2,386

1,594 62 410 531 591

20.9 12.9 17.5 22.0 24.8

1,537 58 395 510 574

20.2 12.1 16.8 21.1 24.1

57 4 15 21 17

3.6 6.2 3.6 3.9 2.9

6,033 415 1,939 1,884 1,795

4,336 250 1,515 1,451 1,120

2,075 66 669 738 603

47.9 26.2 44.2 50.8 53.8

2,002 63 644 711 585

46.2 25.0 42.5 49.0 52.2

73 3 25 26 18

3.5 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.0

2,261 184 846 713 518

200,842 21,366 57,073 50,950 71,453

131,821 10,029 33,634 34,319 53,838

65.6 46.9 58.9 67.4 75.3

127,621 9,466 32,266 33,190 52,700

63.5 44.3 56.5 65.1 73.8

4,200 563 1,368 1,130 1,139

3.2 5.6 4.1 3.3 2.1

69,021 11,337 23,438 16,631 17,615

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2018 annual averages [Percent distribution] Veterans Gulf War era Occupation and sex

Total Total

TOTAL Total employed (in thousands).................................................. . Occupation as a percent of total employed Total employed.................................................................... . Management, professional, and related occupations...................... . Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . Professional and related occupations..................................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations............................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . Production occupations..................................................... . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEN Total employed (in thousands).................................................. . Occupation as a percent of total employed Total employed.................................................................... . Management, professional, and related occupations...................... . Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . Professional and related occupations..................................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations............................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . Production occupations..................................................... . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WOMEN Total employed (in thousands).................................................. . Occupation as a percent of total employed Total employed.................................................................... . Management, professional, and related occupations...................... . Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . Professional and related occupations..................................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations............................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gulf War Gulf War era II era I

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Other service periods

Nonveterans

9,127

5,588

3,229

2,358

1,537

2,002

144,797

100.0 39.1 18.6 20.6 14.2 16.5 8.4 8.1 13.7 0.4 6.1 7.2 16.4 6.5 9.8

100.0 39.5 17.8 21.7 15.4 16.3 7.2 9.0 13.9 0.3 5.5 8.1 14.9 6.5 8.4

100.0 37.5 16.9 20.6 17.0 16.1 6.8 9.3 14.5 0.3 5.6 8.6 14.9 6.8 8.1

100.0 42.3 19.1 23.2 13.2 16.4 7.8 8.6 13.2 0.4 5.4 7.3 15.0 6.1 8.9

100.0 41.5 22.7 18.8 11.7 18.0 11.8 6.2 11.9 0.4 6.5 5.0 16.9 4.8 12.1

100.0 36.3 17.5 18.7 13.0 16.2 8.9 7.2 14.6 0.6 7.6 6.4 20.0 8.0 12.0

100.0 40.6 16.7 23.9 17.1 21.7 10.1 11.6 9.1 0.7 5.3 3.0 11.7 5.5 6.2

8,027

4,748

2,742

2,005

1,485

1,795

73,824

100.0 37.7 18.5 19.2 14.1 15.0 8.4 6.5 15.4 0.4 6.9 8.1 17.9 7.2 10.7

100.0 37.8 17.6 20.3 15.2 14.1 7.0 7.1 16.1 0.4 6.4 9.4 16.7 7.3 9.4

100.0 36.4 17.0 19.4 16.7 13.9 6.6 7.3 16.7 0.3 6.4 10.0 16.4 7.6 8.8

100.0 39.9 18.3 21.5 13.2 14.4 7.6 6.8 15.3 0.4 6.3 8.6 17.2 6.9 10.2

100.0 41.1 22.7 18.4 11.8 17.5 11.9 5.6 12.3 0.4 6.7 5.2 17.3 4.9 12.4

100.0 34.5 17.4 17.1 13.0 15.0 9.2 5.9 16.2 0.6 8.4 7.1 21.3 8.6 12.7

100.0 36.8 17.6 19.3 13.4 15.7 9.7 6.0 16.8 1.0 10.1 5.7 17.2 7.5 9.7

1,099

840

487

353

52

208

70,972

100.0 49.6 19.3 30.3 15.4 28.1 8.2 19.9 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.5

100.0 49.0 19.2 29.8 16.3 28.3 8.5 19.8 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.7

100.0 43.9 16.3 27.6 18.7 28.7 8.1 20.6 2.0 0.2 0.8 0.9

100.0 56.0 23.2 32.8 13.1 27.8 9.1 18.7 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.3

100.0 53.1 22.5 30.6 9.1 33.2 9.3 24.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

100.0 51.3 18.8 32.5 13.4 25.8 6.8 19.0 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.0

100.0 44.4 15.7 28.7 20.8 27.8 10.4 17.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.3

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2018 annual averages — Continued [Percent distribution] Veterans Gulf War era Occupation and sex

Total Total

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . Production occupations..................................................... . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.6 2.0 3.6

4.9 1.9 3.0

Gulf War Gulf War era II era I 6.7 2.5 4.2

2.5 1.1 1.4

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 4.5 0.5 4.0

Other service periods 8.5 2.9 5.6

Nonveterans

5.9 3.4 2.4

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2018 annual averages [Percent distribution] Veterans Gulf War era Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total Total

TOTAL Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. . As a percent of total employed Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local.................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEN Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. . As a percent of total employed Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Gulf War era II

Gulf War era I

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Other service periods

Nonveterans

9,127

5,588

3,229

2,358

1,537

2,002

144,797

100.0 1.8 0.9 0.9 98.2 92.2 70.4 0.7 6.4 11.7 2.6 8.4 7.3 2.0 4.3 11.4 8.4 4.0 3.3 21.7 10.0 4.7 7.0 6.0

100.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 99.2 95.7 70.2 0.8 6.2 11.6 2.5 7.6 7.3 2.2 4.3 12.1 8.5 4.1 2.9 25.5 13.2 5.1 7.3 3.5

100.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 99.4 96.5 70.5 1.1 6.6 10.8 2.4 8.3 6.6 1.6 3.6 12.8 8.3 5.0 3.3 26.0 14.3 4.9 6.8 2.8

100.0 1.0 0.8 0.2 99.0 94.7 69.8 0.4 5.7 12.6 2.5 6.6 8.4 3.0 5.4 11.0 8.7 2.9 2.5 24.8 11.6 5.2 8.0 4.3

100.0 5.0 1.8 3.2 95.0 81.0 69.1 0.7 6.0 8.8 2.7 10.7 6.6 1.5 5.1 11.0 7.2 4.5 4.3 11.9 2.8 3.3 5.8 13.9

100.0 2.1 1.0 1.0 97.9 90.9 72.1 0.4 7.4 14.4 2.7 8.9 7.7 1.5 3.7 9.8 8.9 3.2 3.5 18.8 6.8 5.0 7.0 7.1

100.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 98.5 92.7 79.5 0.5 5.9 9.7 2.3 10.1 4.2 1.7 6.4 10.6 15.6 8.2 4.3 13.1 2.0 4.6 6.6 5.8

8,027

4,748

2,742

2,005

1,485

1,795

73,824

100.0 1.9 1.0 1.0 98.1 91.8 71.2 0.8 7.1 12.7 2.7 8.5 8.0 2.1 4.0 11.7 6.5 3.8 3.4 20.6 9.3 4.3

100.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 99.2 95.8 71.3 0.9 7.1 13.0 2.7 7.6 8.2 2.4 3.8 12.5 6.4 3.8 2.9 24.5 12.6 4.6

100.0 0.6 0.5 0.2 99.4 96.7 71.5 1.2 7.7 12.1 2.6 8.2 7.3 1.8 3.1 13.3 6.3 4.7 3.3 25.2 13.7 4.5

100.0 1.1 0.9 0.3 98.9 94.6 71.0 0.4 6.4 14.2 2.8 6.7 9.5 3.3 4.8 11.4 6.6 2.7 2.4 23.6 11.0 4.7

100.0 5.1 1.8 3.3 94.9 80.6 69.2 0.7 6.2 8.9 2.7 10.8 6.8 1.6 5.0 11.0 6.6 4.6 4.4 11.4 2.5 3.1

100.0 2.2 1.1 1.1 97.8 90.6 72.6 0.4 8.0 15.3 2.9 8.9 8.4 1.6 3.6 10.1 6.8 3.1 3.6 18.1 6.3 4.7

100.0 2.2 1.5 0.6 97.8 91.2 81.1 0.8 10.2 13.2 3.1 9.9 6.2 2.0 5.7 11.7 6.9 7.6 3.8 10.1 1.8 3.4

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2018 annual averages — Continued [Percent distribution] Veterans Gulf War era Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total

Gulf War era II

Total Local.................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WOMEN Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. . As a percent of total employed Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local.................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Gulf War era I

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Other service periods

Nonveterans

7.0 6.2

7.3 3.4

6.9 2.7

7.9 4.3

5.8 14.1

7.0 7.2

4.9 6.6

1,099

840

487

353

52

208

70,972

100.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 99.5 94.9 65.0 0.2 1.4 4.5 1.4 8.0 2.4 1.1 6.7 9.2 21.8 5.4 2.9 29.9 15.4 7.6 6.9 4.6

100.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 99.6 95.6 64.2 0.3 1.4 3.9 1.3 7.6 2.5 1.3 7.2 9.6 20.4 5.8 3.0 31.4 16.7 7.6 7.0 4.0

100.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 99.5 95.8 64.9 0.5 1.0 3.8 1.6 8.5 2.8 0.9 6.1 10.2 19.9 6.8 3.1 30.8 17.7 7.4 5.8 3.7

100.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 99.6 95.3 63.2 0.0 1.9 3.9 0.9 6.5 2.2 1.8 8.9 8.8 21.0 4.5 2.8 32.1 15.4 8.0 8.8 4.3

100.0 0.6 0.2 0.5 99.4 91.2 67.2 0.0 0.0 5.6 3.4 7.3 1.9 0.5 6.5 11.0 24.6 3.1 3.2 24.0 11.0 8.3 4.7 8.2

100.0 0.9 0.0 0.7 99.1 92.9 67.8 0.0 2.1 7.1 1.3 9.4 2.1 0.6 4.3 7.2 26.8 4.3 2.4 25.2 11.2 7.1 6.8 6.2

100.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 99.1 94.2 77.9 0.1 1.3 6.1 1.4 10.3 2.2 1.3 7.2 9.5 24.7 8.8 4.9 16.3 2.1 5.8 8.4 4.9

Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

2

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force State

TOTAL VETERANS Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

19,201 342 67 474 209 1,713 357 164 76 28 1,405 697 106 126 575 401 211 184 281 277 112 409 306 577 316 185 422 94 122 244 98 289 154 752 707 49 764 278 296 787 60 391 69 500 1,582 138 37 699 500 138 386 48

Total

Percent of population

9,453 166 41 238 87 820 191 82 36 14 622 390 52 57 275 216 113 100 125 122 53 259 154 274 152 99 195 45 66 118 48 104 70 310 356 28 361 142 134 356 26 177 40 255 864 71 17 411 256 60 182 26

49.2 48.5 60.3 50.2 41.7 47.8 53.6 49.9 46.8 49.1 44.3 56.0 49.0 44.9 47.8 53.8 53.3 54.3 44.4 44.2 47.2 63.4 50.4 47.5 48.3 53.4 46.2 48.3 53.8 48.6 48.9 36.0 45.7 41.2 50.3 56.4 47.2 51.2 45.2 45.2 44.3 45.3 58.7 51.1 54.6 51.5 45.6 58.8 51.2 43.3 47.1 52.8

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of labor force

9,127 161 39 227 85 798 180 80 34 13 606 380 50 55 266 209 111 95 121 118 52 251 149 263 149 95 187 43 64 114 46 102 67 295 341 27 344 138 128 337 26 171 39 249 835 68 16 400 245 57 176 25

47.5 47.1 58.1 47.9 40.5 46.6 50.5 48.8 45.4 45.9 43.1 54.4 47.0 43.7 46.2 52.1 52.6 51.7 43.2 42.6 46.2 61.3 48.8 45.6 47.2 51.3 44.4 46.0 52.4 46.9 47.4 35.3 43.7 39.2 48.2 54.9 45.0 49.4 43.1 42.9 43.3 43.8 57.3 49.9 52.8 49.1 44.6 57.2 49.0 41.6 45.7 50.5

326 5 1 11 3 22 11 2 1 1 17 11 2 2 9 7 2 5 3 4 1 8 5 11 3 4 8 2 2 4 1 2 3 15 15 1 17 5 6 18 1 6 1 6 28 3 0 11 11 2 5 1

3.5 2.8 3.6 4.6 3.0 2.7 5.8 2.0 2.9 6.5 2.7 2.8 4.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 1.4 4.8 2.8 3.6 2.0 3.2 3.3 3.9 2.2 3.9 4.0 4.7 2.6 3.6 3.1 2.0 4.5 5.0 4.2 2.7 4.8 3.4 4.8 5.1 2.4 3.3 2.5 2.4 3.3 4.6 2.3 2.7 4.3 3.9 3.0 4.3

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Not in labor force

9,748 176 27 236 122 894 166 82 40 14 783 307 54 69 300 185 99 84 156 154 59 150 152 303 163 86 227 49 56 125 50 185 83 442 352 21 403 136 162 432 33 214 28 244 718 67 20 288 244 78 204 23

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force State

TOTAL NONVETERANS Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian noninstitutional population

229,673 3,397 463 4,894 2,048 28,413 3,991 2,633 678 536 15,337 7,139 955 1,158 9,082 4,632 2,169 1,971 3,099 3,194 960 4,245 5,139 7,094 3,908 2,022 4,206 724 1,299 2,077 975 6,618 1,418 14,690 7,196 512 8,115 2,617 2,972 9,110 772 3,484 573 4,683 19,256 2,060 462 5,751 5,240 1,270 4,053 383

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Total

Percent of population

150,489 2,026 314 3,134 1,238 18,463 2,866 1,797 446 390 9,542 4,687 624 786 6,098 3,140 1,541 1,361 1,905 1,971 630 2,931 3,608 4,539 2,837 1,173 2,823 473 941 1,393 697 4,313 867 9,281 4,594 364 5,277 1,679 1,928 5,940 522 2,113 410 2,966 12,864 1,441 322 3,922 3,483 715 2,855 258

65.5 59.6 67.8 64.0 60.4 65.0 71.8 68.3 65.8 72.8 62.2 65.7 65.3 67.9 67.1 67.8 71.0 69.1 61.5 61.7 65.6 69.0 70.2 64.0 72.6 58.0 67.1 65.4 72.4 67.1 71.5 65.2 61.1 63.2 63.8 71.1 65.0 64.2 64.9 65.2 67.6 60.7 71.7 63.3 66.8 70.0 69.7 68.2 66.5 56.3 70.4 67.4

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent of population

Total

Percent of labor force

144,797 1,946 293 2,996 1,191 17,706 2,782 1,725 430 369 9,205 4,509 609 764 5,848 3,037 1,503 1,317 1,823 1,878 610 2,813 3,488 4,355 2,758 1,117 2,735 457 916 1,331 681 4,133 827 8,906 4,426 354 5,048 1,624 1,852 5,695 502 2,040 399 2,862 12,378 1,397 314 3,814 3,334 678 2,776 248

63.0 57.3 63.2 61.2 58.2 62.3 69.7 65.5 63.4 68.7 60.0 63.2 63.8 66.0 64.4 65.6 69.3 66.8 58.8 58.8 63.5 66.3 67.9 61.4 70.6 55.2 65.0 63.1 70.5 64.1 69.9 62.5 58.3 60.6 61.5 69.2 62.2 62.1 62.3 62.5 65.0 58.6 69.6 61.1 64.3 67.8 67.9 66.3 63.6 53.4 68.5 64.7

5,693 80 21 138 46 757 84 73 17 22 337 178 15 22 250 104 38 44 82 94 20 118 120 184 80 56 88 17 25 62 16 179 40 375 168 10 229 55 76 245 20 73 12 103 487 44 8 108 149 37 79 10

3.8 3.9 6.8 4.4 3.7 4.1 2.9 4.1 3.7 5.5 3.5 3.8 2.4 2.8 4.1 3.3 2.5 3.2 4.3 4.7 3.2 4.0 3.3 4.1 2.8 4.8 3.1 3.6 2.6 4.5 2.4 4.2 4.6 4.0 3.7 2.7 4.3 3.3 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.8 3.0 2.6 2.8 4.3 5.2 2.8 4.0

Not in labor force

79,184 1,371 149 1,760 810 9,950 1,125 836 232 146 5,795 2,452 331 372 2,985 1,491 628 610 1,194 1,222 331 1,314 1,531 2,555 1,071 849 1,383 251 358 684 277 2,306 551 5,409 2,602 148 2,839 938 1,044 3,170 250 1,371 162 1,718 6,392 619 140 1,829 1,758 555 1,198 125

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of population

Percent of labor force

Total

Not in labor force

TOTAL VETERANS Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

19,151 4,741 1,386 931 1,945 479 13,850 561

9,323 2,275 781 518 779 198 6,738 311

48.7 48.0 56.3 55.6 40.0 41.3 48.7 55.4

8,949 2,156 748 487 731 190 6,502 292

46.7 45.5 54.0 52.3 37.6 39.6 46.9 52.0

374 119 32 30 48 8 236 19

4.0 5.2 4.2 5.9 6.1 4.0 3.5 6.1

9,828 2,466 605 414 1,166 281 7,112 250

Gulf War era, total Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

7,258 2,553 653 568 1,087 245 4,433 272

5,863 1,829 576 426 663 164 3,794 240

80.8 71.6 88.1 75.0 61.0 66.9 85.6 88.1

5,627 1,736 560 400 621 156 3,670 221

77.5 68.0 85.7 70.5 57.1 63.7 82.8 81.2

236 92 16 25 43 8 125 19

4.0 5.1 2.8 6.0 6.5 4.9 3.3 7.9

1,395 724 77 142 424 81 639 32

Gulf War era II Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

4,184 1,710 369 368 789 185 2,300 174

3,393 1,257 327 303 492 135 1,973 163

81.1 73.5 88.6 82.5 62.3 73.1 85.8 93.7

3,247 1,190 321 281 461 127 1,908 148

77.6 69.6 87.0 76.4 58.4 68.8 83.0 85.1

146 67 6 22 31 8 64 15

4.3 5.3 1.8 7.4 6.2 5.9 3.3 9.2

791 453 42 64 297 50 328 11

Gulf War era I Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

3,074 843 285 200 298 60 2,133 98

2,470 572 249 122 172 29 1,822 77

80.4 67.9 87.5 61.2 57.6 85.4 78.2

2,381 546 239 119 160 29 1,761 73

77.5 64.8 83.9 59.7 53.5 82.6 74.2

90 25 10 3 12 60 4

3.6 4.5 4.2 2.4 7.1 3.3 5.2

603 271 36 78 126 31 311 21

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

7,573 1,574 498 268 659 150 5,823 176

1,434 198 91 38 55 15 1,203 32

18.9 12.6 18.3 14.0 8.3 9.9 20.7 18.4

1,370 196 90 38 54 15 1,142 32

18.1 12.5 18.1 14.0 8.1 9.9 19.6 18.4

63 2 1 1 61 0

4.4 1.2 1.2 5.1 -

6,139 1,376 407 230 604 135 4,621 143

Other service periods Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

4,320 614 235 96 200 84 3,593 112

2,027 248 114 54 61 19 1,741 38

46.9 40.3 48.4 56.7 30.4 22.7 48.4 33.9

1,951 224 98 49 57 19 1,690 38

45.2 36.4 42.0 51.3 28.5 22.7 47.0 33.9

75 24 15 5 4 51 0

3.7 9.7 13.3 2.9 -

2,293 367 121 42 139 65 1,853 74

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of population

Percent of labor force

Total

Not in labor force

MEN VETERANS Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

17,283 4,233 1,302 776 1,709 447 12,525 525

8,182 1,980 728 406 653 192 5,915 288

47.3 46.8 55.9 52.4 38.2 43.0 47.2 54.8

7,862 1,876 695 381 615 184 5,718 269

45.5 44.3 53.4 49.2 36.0 41.2 45.7 51.2

320 104 32 25 39 8 197 19

3.9 5.3 4.5 6.1 5.9 4.1 3.3 6.6

9,101 2,254 574 370 1,055 255 6,610 237

Gulf War era, total Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

6,059 2,144 600 435 891 218 3,662 252

4,997 1,558 532 320 548 158 3,212 226

82.5 72.7 88.7 73.6 61.4 72.5 87.7 89.6

4,800 1,477 516 300 510 150 3,117 207

79.2 68.9 86.0 69.1 57.2 68.9 85.1 82.1

196 82 16 20 38 8 96 19

3.9 5.2 3.1 6.2 6.9 5.0 3.0 8.4

1,062 586 68 115 344 60 450 26

Gulf War era II Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

3,421 1,439 339 277 657 167 1,816 165

2,844 1,086 306 232 418 130 1,602 156

83.1 75.4 90.4 83.7 63.7 77.6 88.2 94.3

2,724 1,030 300 215 393 122 1,553 141

79.6 71.5 88.7 77.6 59.8 72.9 85.5 85.3

119 56 6 17 25 8 48 15

4.2 5.2 1.9 7.2 6.1 6.1 3.0 9.6

577 354 32 45 238 37 214 9

Gulf War era I Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

2,638 705 261 158 235 51 1,846 87

2,153 472 226 88 130 29 1,611 70

81.6 67.0 86.5 55.9 55.2 87.2 80.7

2,076 447 216 85 117 29 1,563 66

78.7 63.4 82.5 54.1 50.0 84.7 76.1

77 25 10 3 12 48 4

3.6 5.4 4.6 3.4 9.4 3.0 -

485 233 35 69 105 23 236 17

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

7,315 1,547 495 261 644 146 5,599 169

1,391 198 91 38 55 15 1,161 32

19.0 12.8 18.4 14.4 8.5 10.1 20.7 19.1

1,332 196 90 38 54 15 1,103 32

18.2 12.7 18.2 14.4 8.3 10.1 19.7 19.1

60 2 1 1 57 0

4.3 1.2 1.2 4.9 -

5,924 1,348 404 223 590 131 4,439 137

Other service periods Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

3,909 542 207 81 173 82 3,263 104

1,794 223 105 49 51 19 1,542 29

45.9 41.2 50.5 60.6 29.4 23.2 47.2 28.3

1,730 203 89 44 51 19 1,498 29

44.3 37.4 43.2 54.3 29.4 23.2 45.9 28.3

64 20 15 5 43 0

3.5 9.0 14.4 2.8 -

2,115 319 102 32 122 63 1,722 74

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Percent of population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of population

Total

Percent of labor force

Total

Not in labor force

WOMEN VETERANS Total With service-connected disability Less than 30 percent disability rating 30 to 50 percent disability rating 60 percent or higher disability rating Disability rating not reported Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

1,868 507 84 155 237 32 1,325 36

1,141 295 53 111 125 5 823 23

61.1 58.2 63.2 71.7 53.0 62.1 -

1,087 280 53 106 116 5 783 23

58.2 55.3 63.2 68.0 49.2 59.1 -

55 15 6 9 40 0

4.8 5.0 5.1 7.2 4.8 -

727 212 31 44 111 26 501 13

Gulf War era, total Total With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

1,199 408 771 20

866 271 582 14

72.3 66.3 75.5 -

827 260 553 14

69.0 63.6 71.8 -

40 11 29 0

4.6 4.0 4.9 -

333 138 189 6

Gulf War era II Total With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

763 271 484 9

549 171 371 7

71.9 63.3 76.6 -

522 160 355 7

68.4 59.3 73.3 -

27 11 16 0

4.9 6.4 4.3 -

214 99 113 2

Gulf War era I Total With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

436 137 286 12

317 99 211 7

72.8 72.3 73.6 -

305 99 198 7

69.9 72.3 69.2 -

13 13 -

4.0 6.0 -

118 38 76 5

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era Total With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

258 27 224 7

42 42 0

16.4 18.9 -

39 39 0

15.0 17.3 -

3 3 0

-

216 27 182 7

Other service periods Total With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability Presence of disability not reported

411 72 330 9

232 24 199 9

56.6 60.3 -

221 21 191 9

53.8 58.0 -

11 4 8 0

4.9 3.9 -

179 48 131 0

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology.

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted Percent distribution by class of worker Nonagricultural industries

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service

Veterans, total² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

Total employed (thousands)

Total

Agriculture and related industries

Wage and salary workers¹ Total

Private sector

Total

Selfemployed, unincorpoGovernment rated, and unpaid family State and Federal workers local

8,949 2,156 6,502

100.0 100.0 100.0

1.7 1.2 2.0

98.3 98.8 98.0

70.4 61.6 73.0

21.7 32.0 18.4

11.0 21.5 7.7

10.7 10.5 10.7

6.2 5.2 6.6

5,627 1,736 3,670

100.0 100.0 100.0

0.5 0.5 0.5

99.5 99.5 99.5

71.1 62.5 74.7

25.4 34.0 21.6

14.3 23.5 10.3

11.1 10.5 11.2

3.0 2.9 3.2

Gulf War era II² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

3,247 1,190 1,908

100.0 100.0 100.0

0.2 0.3 0.1

99.8 99.7 99.9

71.3 65.9 74.3

26.4 32.1 23.1

14.5 21.1 11.0

11.8 11.0 12.1

2.1 1.7 2.6

Gulf War era I² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

2,381 546 1,761

100.0 100.0 100.0

0.9 1.0 1.0

99.1 99.0 99.0

70.8 55.3 75.2

24.1 38.1 19.9

13.9 28.8 9.6

10.2 9.3 10.3

4.2 5.6 3.9

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

1,370 196 1,142

100.0 100.0 100.0

4.3 3.8 4.5

95.7 96.2 95.5

67.3 60.9 68.2

11.8 12.6 11.8

2.5 2.8 2.4

9.3 9.8 9.5

16.7 22.7 15.4

Other service periods² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

1,951 224 1,690

100.0 100.0 100.0

3.5 4.6 3.4

96.5 95.4 96.6

70.5 54.5 72.6

17.9 33.2 16.1

7.5 22.5 5.7

10.4 10.8 10.5

8.1 7.7 7.9

144,520

100.0

1.5

98.5

80.0

12.7

1.9

10.8

5.7

Gulf War era, total² With service-connected disability Without service-connected disability

Nonveterans

¹ Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. ² Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology.

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian noninstitutional population

Employed Total

Percent of population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of population

Percent of labor force

Total

Not in labor force

VETERANS Gulf War era, total Total Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard Never a member of Reserve or National Guard Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

7,258 2,371 4,635 251

5,863 1,965 3,687 212

80.8 82.9 79.5 84.2

5,627 1,899 3,534 195

77.5 80.1 76.2 77.5

236 66 153 17

4.0 3.4 4.1 7.9

1,395 406 949 40

4,184 1,431 2,588 165

3,393 1,177 2,063 153

81.1 82.2 79.7 92.9

3,247 1,152 1,958 136

77.6 80.5 75.7 82.7

146 25 105 17

4.3 2.1 5.1 11.0

791 254 526 12

3,074 940 2,047 87

2,470 788 1,624 59

80.4 83.8 79.3 67.7

2,381 746 1,575 59

77.5 79.4 77.0 67.7

90 41 48 0

3.6 5.3 3.0 -

603 152 423 28

Gulf War era II Total Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard Never a member of Reserve or National Guard Reserve or National Guard membership not reported Gulf War era I Total Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard Never a member of Reserve or National Guard Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology.

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2018, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor force

Period of service and location

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both¹ Served in Iraq² Served in Afghanistan³ Served in both locations4 Served elsewhere

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,184 1,872 1,548 904 580 2,312

Employed Total

3,393 1,496 1,234 718 455 1,896

Percent of population

81.1 79.9 79.7 79.4 78.4 82.0

Total

3,247 1,411 1,159 677 425 1,835

Unemployed

Percent of population 77.6 75.4 74.9 74.9 73.3 79.4

Number

146 85 74 41 30 61

Not in labor force

Rate

4.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.6 3.2

791 375 314 186 125 416

¹ Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. ² Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. ³ Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. 4 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology.