THE VETIVER SYSTEM MITIGATING STORM INDUCED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION
2008 CARIBBEAN ALL-HAZARDS CONFERENCE DECEMBER 15 – 17, 2008 ROSE HALL RESORT, MONTEGO BAY, JAMAICA ALBERTO RODRIGUEZ AND RICHARD GRIMSHAW O.B.E
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
JAMAICA THE END RESULT OF UNPROTECTED CATCHMENT AREAS
Devastating impact on economy, social structure and infrastructure. December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
SEDIMENT FLOWS TO POLLUTE COASTAL WATERS IN OAHU, HAWAII
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
EROSION PROBLEMS UPPER CATCHMENT SLOPE SLIPPAGE
Jamaica - Many upper watersheds are already eroded, releasing large amounts of sediment. December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
HUMAN ACTIVITIES MAJOR SOURCE OF SEDIMENT FLOWS
China - Mine tailings stabilized with Vetiver grass December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
NATURE EVENTS TROPICAL STORM FLASH FLOODS RESULT IN BLOCKED BRIDGES
Riverbeds become elevated due to sediment deposition. December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
THE VETIVER SYSTEM CAN SIGNIFICANTLY MITIGATE THESE DISASTERS
The plant – Chrysopogon zizanioides a.k.a. Vetiveria zizanioides December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VETIVER GRASS CHARACTERISTICS Grows under extreme and wide range of conditions Long living perennial grass Air temperatures: -14 º C to >55º C (6 º F to >131º F) Soil pH from <3 to >10 Annual Rainfall <300 mm to > 5,000 mm Tolerant to all heavy metals Saline tolerant (salinity threshold ECse = 8 dSm-1) Fire tolerant Tolerant to long and total submergence in water Resistant to most pests and diseases Powerful (75 MPa root strength) and deep root system Non competitive and non invasive. According to the PIER level of invasiveness criteria, non-fertile vetiver cultivars are rated - 8. An acceptable level for plant importation by the strictest countries is +1
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
THERE ARE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF VETIVER USE THE RIGHT ONE!!
Just to underscore the differences between vetiver grass species, this photo from Vietnam compare Chrysopogon zizanioides (non fertile, south India cultivar) top with Chrysopogon nemoralis - bottom. You can see why we promote the south Indian cultivars!! These are the same that came to the Caribbean more than 100 years ago and are grown on every island and throughout Central America (including Venezuela, Guyana, and the Gulf states of the USA)
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
THE VETIVER SYSTEM
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
THE VETIVER SYSTEM
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
CASE STUDIES ALL LOCATED IN CYCLONE TROPICAL STORM LOCATIONS •
FIJI - UPPER CATCHMENT - EROSION CONTROL
•
MADAGASCAR - MID CATCHMENT - SLOPE AND SEDIMENT CONTROL RAILWAY PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION.
•
VIETNAM - UPPER CATCHMENT HIGHWAY STABILIZATION - COASTAL PLAIN - RIVER, CANAL, SEA DYKE, SAND DUNE PROTECTION AND STABILIZATION.
•
VANUATU - COASTAL UPLAND AND RELATED REEF PROTECTION
•
POLLUTION CONTROL - LANDFILL AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
FIJI UPPER CATCHMENT ON FARM EROSION CONTROL A VETIVER HEDGEROW ON A 20% SLOPE
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
FIJI UPPER CATCHMENT - GULLY REHABILITATION USING VETIVER GRASS 40 YEARS AFTER PLANTING
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
FIJI COASTAL UPLAND FIFTY YEAR OLD VETIVER HEDGEROWS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
MADAGASCAR REHABILITATION OF FIANARANTSOA RAILWAY MIDDLE/UPPER CATCHMENT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
MADAGASCAR REHABILITATION OF FIANARANTSOA RAILWAY USING THE VETIVER SYSTEM
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
MADAGASCAR REHABILITATION OF FIANARANTSOA RAILWAY
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
MADAGASCAR REHABILITATION OF FIANARANTSOA RAILWAY THE FINAL AND STABILIZED PRODUCT THAT INCLUDED THE COMMUNITIES
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM UPPER CATCHMENT SLOPE STABILIZATION SOME TYPICAL PROBLEMS
A
D
B
C
They get 2000 mm/year (80 in/year), but half of it concentrated over 10 days in summer December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM UPPER CATCHMENT SLOPE STABILIZATION
Many embankments of 3000 km Ho Chi Minh Highway are now stabilized December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM UPPER CATCHMENT SLOPE STABILIZATION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL PLAIN RIVER DIKE (LEVEE) STABILIZATION USING VS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL PLAINS RIVER DIKE (LEVEE) STABILIZATION USING VS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM LOWLANDS RIVER BANK PROTECTION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM SEA DIKES
A
B
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM SEA DIKE PROTECTION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL PLAINS CANAL BANK REHABILITATION AND PROTECTION USING VS
B A
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL PLAINS SEA DIKE PROTECTION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL SAND DUNE PROTECTION USING VS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VIETNAM COASTAL SAND DUNE PROTECTION USING VS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
SOUTH CHINA, GUANGDONG PROVINCE VETIVER PROTECTED SLOPE RECOLONIZED BY NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS AFTER 5 YEARS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
Five years later, native species are re-established. Today it is fully reforested. December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VANUATU - SOUTH PACIFIC SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
GUANGDONG PROVINCE CHINA LANDFILL STABILZATION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
VENEZUELA BAUXITE MINE REHABILITATION USING VS
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
AUSTRALIA - QUEENSLAND SMALL SCALE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
AUSTRALIA - QUEENSLAND SMALL SCALE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
AUSTRALIA - QUEENSLAND SMALL SCALE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
HAITI ROAD SIDE STABILIZED WITH VETIVER
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
CHRISTIANSTED, ST. CROIX BYPASS ROAD CONSTRUCTION
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
CHRISTIANSTED, ST. CROIX BYPASS ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Funds from US Federal Highway Administration Vetiver grass specified for erosion control Considered a bioengineering project Agriflora supplying 68,000 plants from Puerto Rico
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
CHRISTIANSTED, ST. CROIX BYPASS ROAD CONSTRUCTION
1.2 mile road
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions
THANK YOU!! Acknowledgements: Criss Juliard (Madagascar); Tran Tan Van (Vietnam), Don Miller (Vanuatu), Paul Truong (Wastewater) and Alberto Rodriguez (St. Croix), and all others of The Vetiver Network International who generously share their information and images.
The Vetiver Network International www.vetiver.org Richard Grimshaw –
[email protected]
The Vetiver SOLUTIONS BLOG vetiversolutions.blogspot.com Alberto Rodriguez –
[email protected]
December 2008
2008 Caribbean All-Hazards Conference The Vetiver Network International and Vetiver Solutions