updated through 06/03/09
Monetary Trends Velocity Nominal GDP/MZM, Nominal GDP/M2 (Ratio Scale) 2.75 2.50
MZM 2.25 2.00
M2
1.75
1.50
1.25 11688
92
12054
93
12419
94
12784
95
13149
96
13515
97
13880
98
14245
99
14610
00
14976
01
15341
02
15706
03
16071
04
16437
05
16802
06
17167
07
17532
08
17898
09
18263
Interest Rates Percent 8
6
3-Month T-Bill 4
M2 Own MZM Own
2
0 11688
92
12054
93
12419
94
12784
95
13149
96
13515
97
13880
98
14245
99
14610
00
14976
15341
02
15706
03
16071
04
16437
05
16802
06
17167
07
17532
08
17898
MZM Velocity and Interest Rate Spread
M2 Velocity and Interest Rate Spread
Ratio Scale
Ratio Scale
3.50
09
18263
2.25
Velocity = Nominal GDP / M2
Velocity = Nominal GDP / MZM
01
3.00
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.75
1.50
1974Q1 to 1993Q4 1994Q1 to present
1974Q1 to 1993Q4 1994Q1 to present 1.25
1.50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Interest Rate Spread = 3-Month T-Bill less MZM Own Rate
11
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Interest Rate Spread = 3-Month T-Bill less M2 Own Rate
Research Division
12
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis