Vee_real

Presented by: Veena.K.P MCA S5 Roll No:28

Topics covered • • • • • • • •

Introduction Definition Why clusters? Benefits of clusters Types of clusters Architecture Issues to be considered Future trends

INTRODUCTION

Definition Cluster Computing is the mechanism of performing computational task using clusters

What is a Cluster?

A cluster is a collection of connected, independent computers that work together to solve a problem.

A Typical Cluster • Many standalone computers (nodes). • All of the cluster can work together on a single problem at the same time. • Portions of the cluster can be working on different problems at the same time. • Connected together by a network. • Administered as a single “machine”.

Why Clusters ? • High cost of ‘traditional’ High Performance Computing • Increased need for High Performance Computing • Best price and performance ratio • In areas like data mining to fault tolerant performance clustering technology has become important.

Benefits of clusters • • • • •

Reduced Cost Scalability Availability Easy management Reliability

Types of clusters A. Based on their use: • High availability or fail over cluster • Load balancing cluster • Parallel processing clusters Grid Computing B. Based on Architecture: • Close cluster • Open cluster

High availability or Failover cluster  provides uninterrupted availability of data  used for mail, file and print, web or application servers.

High availability cluster.

Load balancing cluster  distributes incoming requests for resources among multiple nodes.  increases reliability and availability.

Load balancing cluster

Parallel processing clusters  multiple processors share a single memory and bus interfaces within a single computer.  used in mathematical computations, scientific analysis etc

Close clusters They hide most of the cluster behind the gateway node. Consequently they need less IP addresses and provide better security. They are good for computing tasks.

Close clusters High Speed Network compute node

compute node

compute node

compute node

Service Network gateway node

Front-end

External Network

File Server node

Open clusters All nodes can be seen from outside,and hence they need more IPs, and cause more s ecurity concern .But they are more flexible and are used for internet/web/information se rver task.

Open clusters High Speed Network compute node

compute node

compute node

compute node

File Server node

External Network Front-end

Cluster Computer Architecture

SSI • A single system image is the illusion, created by software or hardware, that presents a collection of resources as one, more powerful resource. • SSI makes the cluster appear like a single machine to the user, to applications, and to the network

Network • Network is the most critical part of a cluster • Its capabilities and performance directly influences the applicability of the whole system .

Choice of Network – Ethernet (10Mbps) – Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) – Gigabit Ethernet (1Gbps) – ATM – Myrinet(1.2Gbps)

Operating System – – – – – –

Linux Microsoft windows SUN Solaris IBM AIX Mach(microkernal based OS) Cluster operating systems(Solaris MC,SCO Unixware)

Parallelism High performance in cluster is mainly achieved through parallelism. Parallelism operates at two levels:  Hardware parallelism  Software parallelism

Hardware parallelism  Hardware parallelism deals with the CPU of an individual system and how we can squeeze performance out of subcomponents of the CPU that can speed up our code.  fine grained and coarse grained parallelism. Software parallelism  Software parallelism is the ability to find well defined areas in a problem we want to solve that can be broken down into selfcontained parts . . These parts are the program elements that can be distributed and give us the speedup that we want to get out of a high performance computing systems.

Cluster Components

Beowulf Cluster Beowulf architecture is a multi-computer architecture that is used for parallel computation applications. Primarily, a Beowulf cluster consists of a server computer that controls the functioning of many client nodes that are connected together with Ethernet or any other network comprising of a network of switches or hubs.

Cluster Applications Google Search Engine. Petroleum Reservoir Simulation. Protein Explorer. Earthquake Simulation. Image Rendering. Banking E-commerce Data mining

Issues to be considered • Cluster networking

• Speed selection • Timing

An example of Cluster

FUTURE TRENDS

Grid computing The Grid is a large system of computing resources that performs tasks and provides to users a single point of access, commonly based on the World Wide Web interface, to these distributed resources. Users can submit thousands of jobs at a time without being concerned about where they run. The grid may scale from single systems to supercomputers that utilize thousands of processors.

Conclusion Clusters are promising: Offer incremental growth New trends in hardware and software technologies are likely to make clusters more promising and fill SSI gap. Clusters based supercomputers (Linux based clusters) can be seen everywhere!

Reference • www.ieeetfcc.org • • • •

www.buyya.com www.clustercomp.org www.sgi.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cluster.ht m