Vaccination
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Vaccination
I. Principles
Principle of vaccination: The primary goal in vaccination is to provide protective immunity by inducing a memory response to an infectious microbe using a non-toxic antigen preparation. It is important to produce immunity of the appropriate kind: antibody and/or cellular immunity. Antibody mediated protection: primarily against extracellular organisms and their products, e.g. Toxins, and disturbing virus attaching and entering sensitive target cells. Cell mediated protection: preventing host from the intracellular microbes ( certain bacteria and viruses) infection and fungi infection..
Vaccination
ii. Immunization
Passive immunization: using performed antibodies Active immunization: using antigen preparations Systemic (injection) immunization
Vaccination
iii. Vaccine
Antigen preparations: Most vaccines consist of either attenuated organisms, killed organisms, inactivated exotoxins, or subcellular fragments, and more recently genes for antigens in viral vectors, and DNA itself.
Adjuvants DNA vaccine
Recombinant vaccine
Cytokines
Vaccination iv. Vaccines to pathogens and tumors
Bacterial vaccines: BCG (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) DPT (Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus ) Dysentery vaccine, Typhoid, Cholera T-independent vaccines to carbohydrates such as capsule of Pneumococcus Meningococcusor haemmophilus.
Viral vaccines : Polio, Measles, Rubella, Yellow
fever,Mumps, Rabies, influenza, HBV vaccine (HBsAg), Vaccines to other infectious agents: Malaria and other parasites
Tumor vaccines : Prostate cancer &
Immuno-therapy 1. Antibodies: TAT (tetanus antitoxin) 2. Cytokines and their receptors 1) Cytokines ： IL-2 ， IFNα ， IL3 ， Erythropoietin （ EPO ）， GSF ，
3. Immune cell preparations and immune modifiers １ ) Adoptive immunotherapy ： LAK ， TIL ， NK 2) Anti-metabolic drugs 3) Antibiotics ： Cyclosporin A
Immunotechnology I. Antibodies as research and diagnostic tools
. Serological reactions: Precipitation: Soluble antigen + Ab Agglutination: antigenic particles + Ab in serum Complements fixation
Artificial passive ag or ab particles : Passive agglutination & reverse passive agglutination Gel agglutination Staphylococcus associated agglutination
Immuno-diffusion : radial immunodiffusion & conunter Immuno-electrophoresis: Rocket & counter
I. Principles
Principle of vaccination: The primary goal in vaccination is to provide protective immunity by inducing a memory response to an infectious microbe using a non-toxic antigen preparation. It is important to produce immunity of the appropriate kind: antibody and/or cellular immunity. Antibody mediated protection: primarily against extracellular organisms and their products, e.g. Toxins, and disturbing virus attaching and entering sensitive target cells. Cell mediated protection: preventing host from the intracellular microbes ( certain bacteria and viruses) infection and fungi infection..
Vaccination
ii. Immunization
Passive immunization: using performed antibodies Active immunization: using antigen preparations Systemic (injection) immunization
Vaccination
iii. Vaccine
Antigen preparations: Most vaccines consist of either attenuated organisms, killed organisms, inactivated exotoxins, or subcellular fragments, and more recently genes for antigens in viral vectors, and DNA itself.
Adjuvants DNA vaccine
Recombinant vaccine
Cytokines
Vaccination iv. Vaccines to pathogens and tumors
Bacterial vaccines: BCG (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) DPT (Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus ) Dysentery vaccine, Typhoid, Cholera T-independent vaccines to carbohydrates such as capsule of Pneumococcus Meningococcusor haemmophilus.
Viral vaccines : Polio, Measles, Rubella, Yellow
fever,Mumps, Rabies, influenza, HBV vaccine (HBsAg), Vaccines to other infectious agents: Malaria and other parasites
Tumor vaccines : Prostate cancer &
Immuno-therapy 1. Antibodies: TAT (tetanus antitoxin) 2. Cytokines and their receptors 1) Cytokines ： IL-2 ， IFNα ， IL3 ， Erythropoietin （ EPO ）， GSF ，
3. Immune cell preparations and immune modifiers １ ) Adoptive immunotherapy ： LAK ， TIL ， NK 2) Anti-metabolic drugs 3) Antibiotics ： Cyclosporin A
Immunotechnology I. Antibodies as research and diagnostic tools
. Serological reactions: Precipitation: Soluble antigen + Ab Agglutination: antigenic particles + Ab in serum Complements fixation
Artificial passive ag or ab particles : Passive agglutination & reverse passive agglutination Gel agglutination Staphylococcus associated agglutination
Immuno-diffusion : radial immunodiffusion & conunter Immuno-electrophoresis: Rocket & counter
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