Use Of Mis In Marketing (report)

USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM GROUP MEMBERS Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

NAME: Malik ABDUL RAB MOHAMMAD ABUBAKR ID: 761 CONTACT NO: 0334-3832283

SIGNATURE: _________________

NAME: ASHAQUE SHAH ID: 703 CONTACT NO: 0300-2488213

SIGNATURE: ________________

Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“First of all we would like to thank ALMIGHTY ALLAH who has given us the courage and wisdom to research and write a report on this topic. We hereby take the opportunity to thank our Sir Mr. Shahid Khan for giving us this opportunity to make a project on IMPLEMENTATION of MIS in ITERFLOW (ADVERTISING AGENCY). This has been an overall good learning experience for all of us.” “During this project we came to know various insights of the topic. We would also like to Thank all the people who have helped us directly or indirectly in making this project.”

SUBJECT INDEX Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

Sr. No.

Particulars

Page No.

INTRODUCTION

05

CONCEPT OF MIS

07

3.

SYSTEM AND SUBSYSTEM

08

4.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND INFORMATION NEEDS

09

1. 2.

5.

COMPONENTS OF A MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM

6.

COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)

12

15

7.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN E – COMMERCE

17

8.

THE GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL OF FIRM

18

9.

TYPES AND ROLES OF RESOURCES

20

10.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF REPORTS USED IN MARKETING

21

11.

CONCLUSION

27

12.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

28

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

INTRODUCTION Information is the basis for every decision taken in an organization. The efficiency of management depends upon the availability of regular and relevant information. Thus it is essential that an effective and efficient reporting system be developed as part of accounting system. The main object of management information is to obtain the required information about the operating results of an organization regularly in order to use them for future planning and control. The old techniques like intuition, rule of thumb, personal whim and prestige, etc. Are now considered useless in the process of decision taking. Modern management is constantly on look out for such quantitative and such information, which can help in analyzing the proposed alternative actions and choosing one as its decision. Thus, modern management functions are information-oriented more popularly known as “management by information”. And the system through which information is communicated to the management is known as “management information system (mis)”.

INTRODUCTIO OF INTERFLOW ADVERTISING AGENCY The Interflow Group is one of the pioneers in the field of marketing communication services in Pakistan. Established 25 years ago, the Interflow Group stands today as the driving force in the field of media, communication and advertising. With 14 companies and a workforce of over 1600 employees in 30 different offices across the country, the Interflow Group brings solutions to all creative needs; from advertising to media buying, from activation to event management, from out-of-home to specialized marketing solutions, from television to radio and production facilities. Our people are one of our strongest assets and we take pride in having a great team. The Interflow Group has brought some of the world's best companies in the field of marketing communication to Pakistan through strategic partnerships and joint ventures that provide innovation, boldness and excellence for all stakeholders. We are proud to be affiliated with and to serve many of the country's most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients.

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HISTORY Just one idea can translate into a revolution, which in turn, has the power of changing lives and altering the course of history. On July 1st, 1983, one such idea by Mr. Taher A. Khan revolutionized advertising in Pakistan forever, when it was rolled out in the form of an independent advertising agency, Interflow Communications. Since its inception, Interflow Communications has been one of the most innovative advertising agencies in the country, building and re-building brands. The Interflow Group evolved over the years with an array of communication services on a 360° platform, which carried forward Mr. Taher A. Khan's (Founder and Chairman), vision for expansion and constant innovation with more zeal. The group expanded into 14 companies (wholly owned or joint ventures) in the diverse fields of advertising, television, radio, media buying, activation, productions, out-of-home and specialized solutions. The Interflow Group's associations and joint ventures are with international media and communication giants including the WPP associated companies; Ogilvy, Bates and Mindshare.

AWARDS & ACHIEVEMENTS Having completed a quarter of a century in the business, the Interflow Group has received its fair share of recognition over the years. Pepsi Co Award (held in NYC with worldwide participation) Best Graphics TVC - Kung-fu for Mountain Dew. Conceptualized and produced by Interflow Communications, this was the first Mountain Dew TVC produced outside North America, and is now being aired in international markets. Indian Abby Awards Best TVC Award All Pakistan Newspapers' Society (APNS) Awards Business Performance Award. Special Business Performance Award - Periodicals and Regional Publications Client Performance Award Public Service Campaigns' Award Aurora Awards Indian Abby Awards 3 Awards and 11 Nominations Media Recognition Number 1 on Pakistan Television Network (PTV) Number 2 in Press Number 2 on Radio

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

CONCEPT OF MIS DEF: “A system of people, equipment, procedures, documents and communications that collects, validates, operates on transformers, stores, retrieves, and present data for use in planning, budgeting, accounting, controlling and other management process.”

Management: “Management can be defined as a science of using resources rationally (mobilization, allocation, combination, utilization of resources in judicious manner using appropriate skills, approaches and techniques) and economically to achieve the desired results or meet the targeted performance level”

Information “Information is data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or progressive decision” – Davis and Olson • The data information cycle can be expressed as – Idea Intelligence

Knowledge

Data

Information

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SYSTEM AND SUBSYSTEM System “A system is group of elements that are integrated with the common purpose of achieving an objective. An organization such as a firm or a functional area fits this definition. The organization consists of resources and that resources work toward achieving particular objectives that are specified by the owners or management”. A business is also a system where resources such as people, money, material, machines etc., are transformed by various organization processes into goods and services. The function of MIS can be shown diagrammatically asInput

Determination of Information needs Data gathering and processing Evaluation, Indexing, Abstraction Dissemination Storage Information Use Output This is the system used by the Interflow to process there activities in a proper manner. This is considered as the closed loop system because it is connected to its environment but this system is restricted also. It has the environmental effect but a proper transformation process is given according to that process all the information is taken and apply. Not all the system has the same combination of elements, but a basic configuration is illustrated in this diagram which transforms inputs into outputs. Actually Interflow is an advertising agency so they all deal in information the most thing which is important for them is marketing research because they need accurate information about market.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND INFORMATION NEEDS Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

The management can be broadly classified, depending upon the requirements of information for performing their managerial responsibilities, into – •

Top Management (Strategic): The main responsibilities are: i) Determining the overall goals and objectives of the business. ii) Dealing with long term plans, policy matters and broad based strategic planning. iii) Establishing a framework within which the various departments should work. “The information used is futuristic and external in nature (political, economical, social, technological, ecological and legal). It receives the summary from the middle management and the decision made at this level is non-programmed but strategic.”

•

Middle Management (Tactical): The middle management is concerned with elaborating, classifying, and transforming of organizational goals into actions and plans. The information is fed from the top management as well as the supervisory management and is internal in nature. It needs information for short-term planning.”

•

Lower level Management (Operation): The supervisory management deals with the operational plans, policies and procedures for transforming or converting inputs to outputs. It is responsible for “day-to-day” routine decisions and operations of the organization. “The information is received from the middle management and is mostly internal in nature. Decisions at this level are usually routine, structured and programmed. The functions and processes are standardized.”

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The Marketing Information System of Interflow Sales and Marketing is a key process for the sustenance of any business as revenues are a direct outcome of it. Information Systems within the Sales and Marketing process implement technologies that allow the personnel to access crucial and updated information related to access crucial and updated information related to customer preferences and market demands to offer prompt services. Interflow is increasingly gaining a competitive edge by integrating Information Systems with their business processes to determine and implement potential sales strategies. Substantial results can be achieved by using Information Systems to analyze the sales pipelining process. Sales pipelining is the process of recognizing the initiation and closure of each sale in which a prospective customer is converted into a customer and then into a repeat customer. Information Systems are also helpful in identifying the most effective sales strategy that can be used in any particular case based on specified criteria, such as the market segment or the product category. Formulating successful sales strategies involves defining product and service standards, understanding the intricacies of sales life cycle, and interpreting sales results to determine sales strategies. DEFINING SALES AND MARKETING A sale is a customer business organization transaction involving the exchange of goods or services with money. In an organization, it is usually the Sales team that interfaces with the customers to enable this transaction. Marketing is defined as a brand name building exercise for the product or service being offered by a company. The end objective of marketing is to incorporate a sense of recall among existing and potential customers regarding the product or service. Marketing helps to establish and enhance the credibility of the product or service. The marketing research process is only one of the sources of information for the MIS. It is worth remembering that it is all the sources of information which contribute to the MIS which help us understand our customer's needs and wants; that information does not come just from our marketing research activities. The Marketing Information System focuses on only the marketing aspects of the management information system. It is an organized way of continually collecting, accessing and analyzing information that marketing managers need in order to make better decisions. •

Figure 3.1 provides reasons why we need to have an MIS to help us become effective managers. However, designing and implementing an MIS so that it performs the way it should is not always an easy task. After all, an MIS has to meet the needs of its customers (users) and, to do that; those needs must first be assessed.

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To understand the proper role of information systems one must examine what managers do and what information they need for decision making. We must also understand how decisions are made and what kinds of decision problems can be supported by formal information systems. One can then determine whether information systems will be valuable tools and how they should be designed.

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COMPONENTS OF A MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM A marketing information system (MIS) is intended to bring together disparate items of data into a coherent body of information. An MIS is, as will shortly be seen, more than raw data or information suitable for the purposes of decision making. An MIS also provides methods for interpreting the information. Moreover, as Kotler's definition says, an MIS is more than a system of data collection or a set of information technologies:

Figure 9.1 The marketing information systems and its subsystems

Figure 9.1 illustrates the major components of an MIS, the environmental factors monitored by the system and the types of marketing decision which the MIS seeks to underpin. The explanation of this model of an MIS begins with a description of each of its four main constituent parts: the internal reporting systems, marketing research system, marketing intelligence system and marketing models. It is suggested that whilst the MIS varies in its degree of sophistication - with many in the industrialized countries being computerized and few in the developing countries being so - a fully fledged MIS should have these components, the methods (and technologies) of collection, storing, retrieving and processing data notwithstanding.

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW  Internal reporting systems: All enterprises which have been in operation for any period of time have a wealth of information. However, this information often remains under-utilized because it is compartmentalized, either in the form of an individual entrepreneur or in the functional departments of larger businesses. That is, information is usually categorized according to its nature so that there are, for example, financial, production, manpower, marketing, stockholding and logistical data. Often the entrepreneurs, or various personnel working in the functional departments holding these pieces of data, do not see how it could help decision makers in other functional areas. Similarly, decision makers can fail to appreciate how information from other functional areas might help them and therefore do not request it. The internal records that are of immediate value to marketing decisions are: orders received, stockholdings and sales invoices. These are but a few of the internal records that can be used by marketing managers, but even this small set of records is capable of generating a great deal of information. Below, is a list of some of the information that can be derived from sales invoices: • • • • • • • •

Product type, size and pack type by territory. Product type, size and pack type by type of account. Product type, size and pack type by industry. Product type, size and pack type by customer. Average value and/or volume of sale by territory Average value and/or volume of sale by type of account Average value and/or volume of sale by industry Average value and/or volume of sale by sales person

By comparing orders received with invoices an enterprise can establish the extent to which it is providing an acceptable level of customer service. In the same way, comparing stockholding records with orders received helps an enterprise ascertain whether its stocks are in line with current demand patterns.  Marketing research systems: The general topic of marketing research has been the prime ' subject of the textbook and only a little more needs to be added here. Marketing research is a proactive search for information. That is, the enterprise which commissions these studies does so to solve a perceived marketing problem. In many cases, data is collected in a purposeful way to address a well-defined problem (or a problem which can be defined and solved within the course of the study). The other form of marketing research centres not around a specific marketing problem but is an attempt to continuously monitor the marketing environment. These monitoring or tracking exercises are continuous marketing research studies, often involving panels of farmers, consumers or distributors from which the same data is collected at regular intervals. Whilst the ad hoc study and continuous marketing research differs in the orientation, yet they are both proactive

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW  Marketing intelligence systems: Whereas marketing research is focused, market intelligence is not. A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and data sources used by marketing managers to sift information from the environment that they can use in their decision making. This scanning of the economic and business environment can be undertaken in a variety of ways, including: 1. Unfocused scanning: - The manager, by virtue of what he/she reads, hears and watches expose him/herself to information that may prove useful. Whilst the behavior is unfocused and the manager has no specific purpose in mind, it is not unintentional. 2. Semi-focused scanning: - Again, the manager is not in search of particular pieces of information that he/she is actively searching but does narrow the range of media that is scanned. For instance, the manager may focus more on economic and business publications, broadcasts etc. and pay less attention to political, scientific or technological media. 3. Informal search: - This describes the situation where a fairly limited and unstructured attempt is made to obtain information for a specific purpose. For example, the marketing manager of a firm considering entering the business of importing frozen fish from a neighbouring country may make informal inquiries as to prices and demand levels of frozen and fresh fish. There would be little structure to this search with the manager making inquiries with traders he/she happens to encounter as well as with other ad hoc contacts in ministries, international aid agencies, with trade associations, importers/exporters etc. 4. Formal search: - This is a purposeful search after information in some systematic way. The information will be required to address a specific issue. Whilst this sort of activity may seem to share the characteristics of marketing research it is carried out by the manager him/herself rather than a professional researcher. Moreover, the scope of the search is likely to be narrow in scope and far less intensive than marketing research Some enterprises will approach marketing intelligence gathering in a more deliberate fashion and will train its sales force, after-sales personnel and district/area managers to take cognizance of competitors' actions, customer complaints and requests and distributor problems. Enterprises with vision will also encourage intermediaries, such as collectors, retailers, traders and other middlemen to be proactive in conveying market intelligence back to them.

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS) IN INTERFLOW ADVERTISINNG AGENCY Interflow Advertising Agency have a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. It is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solving business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Information is one of the most important resources for any organization. It is as vital as material or human resources. The management of this resource becomes both critical and difficult as the size of the firm increases. Computer based information system (CBIS) is an aid to managing this resource. It supports the performance of the various management functions.

The CBIS Model Computer-based Information System

(CBIS) Accounting Information System

Problem

Decisions

Information

Management Information System Decision Support Systems

Problem Solution

The Virtual Office Knowledge-based Systems

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW

Accounting Information System: Security of accounts is a critical factor in Interflow because it deals in heavy amounts although it is a service providing business. Nonetheless, it is important, especially when it comes to a service agency like Interflow, which is extremely dependent on its computer systems and networks for its operations. One of the important functions of the management accountant is to keep the management informed of all the facts relating to the business to assist the management in the effective management of the business. The effectiveness of the information depends upon on its proper reporting. A disruption in IT infrastructure could spell disruption in business operations. Taking all this into consideration, the company has been constantly evolving its information security set-up to keep pace with its expanding IT infrastructure.

Manage Information System: Interflow have a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. It is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solving business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy.

Decision Support Systems: Interflow uses the Decision Support Systems (DSS) which is a specific class of computerized information systems that supports business and organizational decision-making activities. A properly-designed DSS is an interactive software-based system intended to help decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.

Automated Office: An automated office is a multifunction, integrated computer based information system that allows many office activities to be performed in an electronic mode which increases the productivity and authenticity of the report.

Executive Information Systems: Executive information systems provide the Interflow’s executives on-line information about the firm’s current status.

Expert Systems: An expert system is software that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain, and is a traditional application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence.

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN E – COMMERCE Meaning: E – Commerce is one of the fastest growing segments of the internet, which is also used by Interflow. E – Commerce can be divided into the following categories: • • • •

Business to Business E – Commerce (B2B) Business to Consumer E – Commerce (B2C) Consumer to Consumer E – Commerce (C2C) Business to Peer (B2P)

BENEFITS: Information Systems are being used in Interflow’s management of E - commerce. The Information Systems offer the following benefits to the Interflow:  Integrating existing point of sales systems in Interflow.  Integrating with other E – Commerce driven applications to provide the analysis of market effectiveness in terms of real business.  Managing customer information that can then be used for effective analysis to predict buying trends.  Provides various methods that can be used for diverting traffic onto the required websites.  Integrating graphs and multiple report building wizards for the creation of effective reports based on any type of information.  Information systems has provided various customer retention strategies according to each segment or market campaign or sales force.  Information systems also manage the search engine optimizations: • The Information System can manage the inbound links to a website. It monitors and manages these inbound links as the number of inbound links can have a visible effect on the listing of the website by a search engine. • Information Systems are able to identify the appropriate keywords that best describe the company and its products. The content on the site, which is developed around the keywords, has to be clear, concise and relevant.

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THE GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL OF FIRM

The General Systems Model of the Firm Environment Standards

Decisions

Information and Data

Information Management

Information Processor

Data Physical Resources Input Resources

Transformation Process

Output Resources

Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

Physical Resources

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The role of Information Systems in devising Marketing strategies has been increasing over the years due to more technological changes in the environment. Interflow use this general model to resolve there most of the organizational problems. Organizations derive the following benefits from implementing the General System Model in marketing: 

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







Creating effective Marketing plans: Target market identification, implementation of the entire marketing campaign and finally setting up of required standards criteria and evaluating the performance of the plans generated. Customizing modules for specific requirements: Information can be used to manage campaigns to retain customers, vendors and optimize services regarding each contact. Managing critical business issues: Information Systems are effectively used to manage critical issues, such as costs and budget analysis, media policies, establishing milestones and segment management for every campaign. Creating Product promotional strategies: Information Systems are used to design, analyze and implement product promotional strategies of a particular brand according to its price, quality, and other related issues. Conducting market analysis: Information Systems can be used to survey the potential market and this information can be analyzed to develop specific target market strategies. Preparing comprehensive reports: Information Systems can filter information to provide customized solutions to marketers. This information can be viewed in various ways such as summarized views, total, sub total, statistical views or graphic views.

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TYPES AND ROLES OF RESOURCES Resources that is usually required for all business. The main resources that are necessary for the business is the service and operators that can handle the troubles come across. The stability of service is very important to keep the business alive. Some main resources are discussed below:

• Personnel Personnel are the representatives and the one who works for the organization that boasts the business with their technical knowledge. Personnel could also be the delivery agent or the intermediary who is supplying the product. This is the high involvement product and it only for the professionals not for all.

• Material The Material used in this business is both tangible and intangible. The product is a media time, and other related items. We can see, it works in a digital world. Hours are like a sand watch, as we use them they decrease. We cannot decrease the wastage of time. The basic purpose of this product is to promote the brand, product or any political party or person across national or international boundaries.

• Machines The machines that are working behind are the mainframe computers and the overall control of data transmitting. Expensive equipments are used to make the advertisements in which expensive cameras and many costly types of equipment are evolved. Users just. He doesn’t have to get in with the working done in backhand.

• Money: Money or the capital is one the main resource for any business and for Interflow business money requires in buying Mainframe computers hiring of technical staff who could work 24hours a day. So for that they require high wages and facilities.

• Information: Information and data are the main resources for any business activity; Interflow business requires a very deep and technical knowledge about the market. Information includes the latest updates going on in the market.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF REPORTS USED IN MARKETING

1. SALES CALL REPORT – This report contains data about the potential customer. It also contains details about the types of items customer is interested in. M/s ABC Ltd. Sales Call Report Division Name: ____ no._____

Sales Call

Date: __/__/__ Customer’s Name: _________________________________ Type of Customer

Item(s)

Interested in

Retail Shop

_________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________

Distributor

Follow up plan _______________________________________________ Date of next call: __/__/__ Remarks: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Sales Person: __________________

Signature: __________________

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2. QUOTATION – It is a document that gives a statement of the price, terms and the condition for a sale a supplier offers for the items. A quotation enables both the sales person and the customer to have a written proof of the sales offer.

M/s ABC Ltd. Quotation Date: __/__/__ To, __________ __________ __________ Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit our quotation as under: Sr. No. 1. 2. 3.

Particulars Product P Product Q Product R Amount Payable

Delivery period: Payment Terms: delivery. Mode of Payment: Validity:

Rate Xx Xx Xx

Quant ity Xxx Xxx Xxx

Amount Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx Xxxxx

Within 30 days of receiving order. 50% advance, 50% within 30 days of By Bank Draft. One month from the date quoted above.

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3. PURCHASE ORDER – It is a written document from the customer to the seller listing the required items and providing a description of the goods.

M/s ABC Ltd. Purchase Order To, _________ _________ _________

P.O. No. ________ Date: __/__/__

You are required to deliver the items mentioned below within 30 days of the purchase order date, at the address mentioned above.

Sr. No. 1. 2.

Particulars Product P Product Y

Description Medium Large

Quantity Xxx Xxx

The payment for above consignment will be made within 30 days of the receipt of goods. Liability for lost or damaged goods lies with the supplier only. Payment will be made only for goods passing the quality test. Prepared by: _________

Passed by: _________

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4. INVOICE – It is a note asking for payments for goods and services that have been supplied. The invoice accompanies the delivery of ordered goods.

M/s ABC Ltd. INVOICE To, ________ ________ ________ ________

Invoice No: Date: __/__/__

Dear Mr.______, The details of items supplied to you are mentioned below: Sr. No. 1. 2.

Particulars Product P Product Q Total Discount 2% Sales Tax @10% Amount Payable

Amount (Rs.) Xxx Xxx Xxxx (xx) Xx Xxxx

The payment for the goods supplied is to be made within 30 days of the invoice date.

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW 5. SALES REPORT (product wise) – A sales report suggests the total product wise sales. From this report one can draw conclusions about the product preferences of customers in different months of the year.

M/s ABC Ltd. MONTHLY SALES REPORT Product wise Month: February Product Name Product P Product Q Product R

Page: 1 Quantity Sold Xxx Xxx Xxx Total Sales

Sales Value (Rs.) Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx

6. MONTHLY SALES REPORT (Sales person wise) – Sales persons are given individual sales targets. This report shows the cumulative sales made by each salesperson for a month. M/s ABC Ltd. MONTHLY SALES REPORT Sales Person wise Month: February Salesperson Name Mr. ABC Mr. DEF Mr. GHI

Page: 1 Quantity Sold Xxx Xxx Xxx Total Sales

Sales Value (Rs.) Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx

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USE OF MIS IN INTERFLOW 7. OUTSTANDING PAYMENTS REPORT – There are many customers who do not make the payments in time for the goods and services they have taken. Every delayed payment impacts the financial planning of an organization. Therefore, it becomes very important that payment collection be done on time. It shows the details of all invoices for which payments are pending till the last day of the month.

M/s ABC Ltd. SALES DEPARTMENT OUTSTANDING PAYMENTS REPORT Month: February Customer Name Mr. ABC Mr. DEF Mr. GHI

Invoice No. 12 44 102

Date: __/__/__

Date __/__/__ __/__/__ __/__/__ Total Outstanding

Invoice Amount (Rs.) Xxx Xxx Xxx

Management Information System – Prof Shahid Khan KASBIT

Amount Pending (Rs.) Xx Xx Xx Xxxx

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CONCLUSION

The primary objective of developing and establishing an MIS report to selected major irrigation schemes that was to provide a comprehensive system facilitating planning, design, construction, monitoring, operation and maintenance of the schemes. The growth of size of business requires the delegation of authority to various levels of management. Therefore, there arises need of control, co-ordination and communication. Without any conflict the managers, working at different levels in the organization, carry out the function of planning, controlling and decision making effectively. To run the organization we have to apply the concepts of MIS to control all the resources affectively and efficiently in order to increase the productivity and profit. The old techniques like intuition, rule of thumb, personal whim and prestige, etc. Are now considered useless in the process of decision taking. Modern management is constantly on look out for such quantitative and such information, which can help in analyzing the proposed alternative actions and choosing one as its decision. Thus, modern management functions are information-oriented more popularly known as “management by information”. And the system through which information is communicated to the management is known as “Management Information System (MIS)”. So this is the era of Information Technology you are unable to run your organization without MIS. This is become the necessity for the organization. Due to MIS a lot of improvement is done in not only media businesses but in all category of businesses.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Managing Information Systems.

2. http:/www.wheatongroupllc.com/library/06_01_92.asp

3. http://www.accessmylibrary.com

4. http://www.cmcltd.com/case_studies/index.htm

5. http://www.google.com

6. http://www.interflow.com.pk

7. hhttp://www.interflow-group.com

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