Urban Form

urban regeneration  worldwide Urban form & formation worldwide Case studies

12/11/2007 dipl.-ing. grischa bertram stadterneuerung  international

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3

urban form & formation worldwide

Lit.: Bähr/Jürgens 2005

Kulturkreise nach Kulturerdteile nach Kulturerdteile nach HUNTINGTON KOLB (1963) NEWIG (1986) (1996)

kulturräumliche Stadttypen nach HOLZNER (1967)

Abendländisch

Westlich

Westeuropa

Russisch o. osteuropäisch Sowjetunion

russisch-orthodox

Osteuropa/ ehem. Sowjetunion

Sinisch o. ostasiatisch

Sinisch

Ostasien (China)

Japanisch

Japan

Europa

Ostasien

Indochinesisch, indopazifisch o. südostasiatisch

Südostasien

Indisch

Südasien

hinduistisch

Südasien

Orientalisch

Orient

islamisch

Orient

Negrid

Schwarzafrika

afrikanisch

Afrika südl. d. Sahara

Anglo-amerikanisch

Nordamerika

zu: Westlich, wenn auch Differenzen zu Europa

Nordamerika

Indio-ibero-amerikanisch

Lateinamerika

lateinamerikanisch

Lateinamerika

Austral-pazifisch

Australien mit Ozeanien

zu: Westlich

Australien/ Ozeanien

stadterneuerung  international

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Südostasien

urban form & formation worldwide

traditional urban forms simplified cultural areas European

Colonial stadterneuerung  international

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Oriental/Islamic Chinese

urban form & formation worldwide

traditional urban forms literature • • • •

stadterneuerung  international

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Benevolo 2000 Feldbauer et al. 2002 Siebel 2000 Gaebe 2004

urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the european city • CENTRALITY: the contrast of town and country • A WAY OF LIFE: the polarisation of everyday life into a private and a public sphere • A HOPE: European urbanity cannot be understood without the hope for emancipation that has always been associated with urban life.

Siebel 2000

stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the european city

Lübeck) stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the oriental city • • • •

no autonomous administration no free citizens no political responsibility no horizintal solidarity Max Weber (cp. Feldbauer; In Feldbauer et al. 2000)

Cairo stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the oriental city • no polarisation of public and private spheres • no public space (squares) • places part of private realm • all houses oriented inwards

• no organisation/integration • no secular centre • highly seperated into religious/ethnic quarters
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cp. Planhol (quoted ibd.)

urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the oriental city • • • • •

early, prosperous development trade and commerce early urbanisation symbol for urbanity continuity instead of decline to (Eastern) Roman Empire cp. Feldbauer (In: Feldbauer et al. 2000)

stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the oriental city • emphasis on private enterprise • less regulative (use of public space) • ‚chaotic structure‘ • narrow streets • less squares

• constant markets/bazaars • bazaar central in urban life Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the oriental city • importance of religion • mosque instead of agora/forum • local development highly influenced by ‚national‘ level

Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the chinese city • ‚planning‘ tradition from about 300 BC until colonisation • building standards until 20th century • power consists on balancing contrasts (yin/yang) • social harmony and peace • cities entity and symbol for balance Benevolo 2000

cp. Benevolo 2000

stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the chinese city • geometrical order • symmatrical axis • ceremonial buildings along north/ south axis • gardens to dissolve the formal layout • different quarters resemble complexity Peking Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the chinese city • walls give regular form and defence • inner and outer city/walls • inner city: permenant residence of upper-class • outer city: permenant gardens, occupation for peasants in war times

• three sizes: Zheng, Jie, Du

• inwards oriented houses resemble city • rooms opened to court yard • 1 floor, flexible structure

Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the colonial city • discrepancy between quantity and quality • standardised model of urban settlements • 2-dimensional • rules for allocation and layout • universal usage

• forced urbanisation • new settlements or remodifactions of indigenes cities

Mexico City Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the colonial city • grid structure • central square with public building (and houses of merchants) • allotment • often small houses • no fortification Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide

tradional urban forms the colonial city • ‚planned‘ for growth • little contrast between town and country • little accomodation to geography • tentative nature • poor design, little diversity of forms• Manhattan Benevolo 2000 stadterneuerung  international

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urban form & formation worldwide