Unit Iv Hrm, Morale

MORALE

Morale A mental condition or attitudes of individuals and groups which determines their willingness to cooperate.

Importance of Morale

Factors influencing Morale  Nature

of work  Working Conditions  Supervision  Interpersonal relations  Management policies  Personal factors

Measurement of Morale  Observation  Attitude  

or Morale surveys

Interview Method Questionnaire Method

 Company

Records and Reports

Measures for Building high Morale          

Proper work environment Job security Sound compensation system Sound promotion Policy Creation of whole jobs Job enrichment Grievance procedure Suggestion schemes Employee counseling Worker’s participation in management

Impact of Morale on Productivity High Productivity

High Morale High productivity

Low Morale High Productivity

High Morale

Low Morale High morale Low Productivity

Low Morale Low Productivity

Low Productivity

Job Satisfaction

Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction is the end feeling of a person after performing a task.

Determinants of job Satisfaction 

Environmental Factors     



Job content Occupational level Pay and promotion Work group Supervision

Personal factors     

Age Gender Education level Marital Status Experience

Theories of Job satisfaction  Need

fulfillment theory  Equity theory  Two factor theory  Discrepancy theory  Equity-discrepancy theory  Social reference group theory

Measurement of job satisfaction  Job

Satisfaction Index (Hoppock)  S-D (Satisfaction - Dissatisfaction) by Pestonjee    

Job Management Social Relations Personal Adjustment

Counseling

Counseling  Counseling

is the mean by which one person helps another through purposeful conversation.

 Counseling

is a method of identifying practical solutions to life or work related problem.

Essential Elements  An

empathic relationship  The counselor and client relate well  The counselor sticks closely to the client’s problem  The client feels free to say what they like  An atmosphere of mutual trust and confidence exist

Types of Counseling  Directive  Non-directive  Co-operative

Employee Health

Working conditions affecting health  Cleanliness  Lighting  Temperature

and ventilation  Freedom from noise  Dust control  Working space and seating arrangement

Occupational hazards  Chemical

substance  Biological hazards  Environmental hazards  Atmospheric conditions

Protection against health hazards

 Preventive

measures  Curative measures

Statutory provisions concerning Health  Cleanliness  Disposal

of waste  Ventilation and temperature  Dust and fumes  Artificial humidification  Overcrowding(14.2 cubic meters)  Lighting  Drinking water

Employee Safety

Employee Safety An Industrial Accident is “an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person which makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours.” - the factories act 1948

Records and measurement of accidents

No of injuries x 10,00,000

Accidents frequency rate =

Total no of men hours worked

No of men day lost x 10,00,000

Accidents Severity rate =

Total no of men hours worked

Causes of industrial accidents  Unsafe    

Conditions

The job itself Work schedules Psychological conditions Machinery and equipments

 Unsafe

acts  Miscellaneous causes

Measures to ensure Industrial safety   

Safety policy Safety committee Safety engineering    

 

Guarding of machines Material handling equipment Safety devices Plan maintenance

Safety education and training Role of government (Safety and Health Accidents reduction Plans)

Safety provisions under the Factories Act          

Fencing of machinery Work on or near machinery in motion Employment of young persons on dangerous Machines Striking gears and devices for cutting off power Self-acting machines Casing of new machinery Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers Hoists and lifts Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting Tackles Revolving machinery

     



 

Pressure plant Floors, Stairs and means of access Excessive weights Protection of eyes Precautions against dangerous fumes Precautions regarding the use of portable electric lights Precautions against explosive or inflammable dust, gas etc Precautions in case of fire Safety officers

Employee welfare

“The efforts to make life worth living for workmen.” - Oxford Dictionary “ Labor welfare means anything done for the comfort and improvement, intellectual or social, of the employees over and above the wages paid which is not a necessity of the industry.” - Arthur James Todd

Importance of Employee Welfare

Agencies of Employee Welfare  Central

Government (Acts like Factories Act, Mines Act etc)  State Government  Employers (Like TISCO, SAHARA etc)  Trade Unions (Ahmedabad Textile Labor Association, Mazdoor Sabha etc)  Other agencies (Social Service League, Seva sadan Society, the Depressed classes Mission Society)

Types of Welfare Services  Intramural  Extra-mural     

Hosing Education Transportation Recreation Consumer cooperative stores

Statutory provisions concerning employee welfare 

The Factories Act,1948 (First Aid Box, rest room, Lunch room on 150 workers, Ambulance & Welfare Officer on 500 workers, canteen on 250 workers, Crèche on 30 women workers)



The Plantation Labor Act,1951 (canteen for 150 workers, Crèche for 50 women workers, educational Facilities for 25 children between 6 to 12, Housing Facilities, sickness allowances, Welfare Officers for 300 workers

)



The Mines Act,1952 ( crèche for 50 workers, rest room, Lunch room on 150 workers, canteen on 250 workers)



The Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act,1970

Quality Circles

A Quality Circle is a small group of employees from the same work area which meets the regularly to identify, analyze and solve Quality and other work related problems.

How to make Quality Circles effective  Top

management support  Education and training of managers & workers  Timely implementation of ideas generated by Quality circles  Sharing gain in productivity with workers  Facilities for meetings & discussions  Regular monitoring of working of Quality circles.

Composition of Quality Circle Members Executive Committee

Leader Facilitator & Coordinator

Steering committee

Quality Circle Operations  Problem

collection  Problem selection  Problem analysis  Problem solution  Management Presentation  Implementation and Review & follow-up