Unit I - Introduction
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ENGLISH FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
An Introduction to the Computer By Pham Ngoc Thai Hoa
Classroom Rules
Be on time No use of mobile phone in class Actively join in all activities of the class Cooperate with your teacher and your friends
COURSE SYLLABUS
Topic-based course:
Kinds of computers The processor The hard drive Peripheral devices Operating system Programming languages Application software LANs and WANs Internet Expert system
ASSESSMENT
Attendance: 5% Preparation: 5% Participation: 5% Writing Assignment: 25% Oral Presentation: 20% Final Test: 40%
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF IT Decoding IT terms: 1. tAaavr 2. VAAJ 3. beodA 4. eooslnn 5. tooebnk 6. terawfos 7. oocfeabk
IDENTIFY A SUITABLE PICTURE
UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION
Discussion
Work in groups of 3:
Do you have a computer? What do you use your computer for? Find a suitable definition for a computer
What is a computer? Study Producing Sounds
Listen to music
Reading
Playing Games
Drawing & Designing
Calculating
ORIGINAL NAME OF COMPUTER
A typical computer operation back when computers were people.
PRESENT DEFINITION FOR COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device that –
Receives the data that we feed into it. Stores the data inside it. Processes the data according to our instructions. (Source: Illustrated Computer Encyclopedia)
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Supercomputer
Desktop Computer
Mainframe
Laptop
Console
Workstation
Cellphone
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUPERCOMPUTER – MAINFRAME - WORKSTATION
Supercomputer:
Mainframe:
Thousands of CPU Very high-speed For sophisticated science purposes (weather forecast, nuclear research, etc.) Smaller For enterprise purposes
Workstation:
For designers
Match the possible users to each type of devices: 1. Student using a computer for entertainment for travelling 2. Large company processing payroll data 3. Travelling salesperson giving marketing presentations 4. Large scientific organization processing work on nuclear research 5. Graphic designer 6. Secretary doing general office work
A. B. C. D.
Mainframe Supercomputer Workstation Entertainment console E. Mobilephone F. Laptop (Notebook) G. Desktop
PERSONAL COMPUTER
A very popular and useful computer meant for personal use at home.
FUNCTIONS OF A COMPUTER
Storing information in its memory Perform speedy arithmetic operation as instructed
Addition / subtraction / multiplication / division / exponentiation
Making decisions
If A < B / If A = B / If A > B
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE COMPUTER
HARDWARE
CPU
Main Memory
FIRMWARE
Peripheral Devices
SOFTWARE
Application
System
HARDWARE – FIRMWARE - SOFTWARE
Hardware: Physical components Firmware: Permanent software held in ROM (eg: BIOS in PC). Software: Programs and instruction sets that operate the computer.
COMPUTER HARDWARE HARDWARE (Physical Components)
Main Memory
CPU
ALU
CU
ROM
RAM
Peripheral Devices
INPUT COMMUNICATION DEVICE
OUTPUT STORAGE DEVICE
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
Definition: The ‘brain’ of the computer that processes instructions and manages the flow of information through a computer system.
Consist of ALU & CU
ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) CU (Control Unit)
Major manufacturers: Intel, AMD
MEMORY
ROM
(Read-only Memory)
Holds the instructions & settings required to start up the computer.
RAM
(Random Access Memory)
Holds the program instructions & data that is being used by the computer.
RAM
The memory that the computer uses to temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more information being processed the more RAM capacity the computer needs. RAM memory chips come in many different sizes and speeds and can usually be expanded by adding or replacing the memory chips depending on the processor you have and the type of memory your computer uses. Major Manufacturers: Kingston, Kingmax, Samsung
PERIPHERALS
Any device attached to a computer in order to expand its functionality. Input devices Output devices Storage devices Communication devices
INPUT & OUTPUT INPUT
Data that we put in the computer. Instructions that we give in regard to the data.
Processing
OUTPUT
Input
PROCESSING
Process the data based on instructions Changing it into useful information as required
Output
Useful information that computer produces after processing data based on our instructions
INPUT DEVICES
INPUT: KEYBOARD
INPUT: MOUSE
Function
Left button: select
Right button: access menus
Trackball: scroll
OUTPUT
OUTPUT: MONITOR
Cathode Ray Tube Technology
Liquid Crystal Display Technology
OUTPUT: MONITOR
Function: shows information on the screen when you type (outputting information). When the computer needs more information it will display a message on the screen, usually through a dialog box. To get full colour graphics and animation, computers need a color monitor with a display or graphics card.
STORAGE DEVICES
COMMUNICATION DEVICE: MODEM
A modulator/demodulator (Điều biến/Giải điều biến) used for converting digital signals, which computers use (0 & 1) to analogue signals, which telephones use & vice versa to allow a computer to be connected to the ordinary telephone system.
SOFTWARE
System software
A program / set of programs that is used to control the basic functions of a computer systems. Eg: operating system
Application Software
A computer program designed for a particular purpose. Eg: word processor
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Commercial software: comes prepackaged and is available from software stores and through the Internet.
Shareware: is software developed by individual and small companies that cannot afford to market their software world wide or by a company that wants to release a demonstration version of their commercial product.
Open source software: created by generous programmers and released into the public domain for public use. There is usually a copyright notice that must remain with the software product.
DISCUSSION: MATCHING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
RAM Processor Mouse Flash memory key Monitor Keyboard DVD-ROM drive ROM
A. Controls the cursor B. Inputs data through keys like a typewriter C. Displays the output from a computer on a screen D. Reads DVD-ROMs E. Reads & writes to electronic chips on a card F. Holds instructions which are needed to start up the computer G. Holds data read or written to it by the processor H. Controls all the operations in a computer
HOW TO READ A COMPUTER AD.
Intel Pentium 4 processor (3GHz, 800Mhz FSB) Minitower chassis 1GB dual channel DDR2 SDRAM 200GB Serial ATA hard drive (7,200 r.p.m.) 128Mb PCI-Express video card Integrated audio 48x CD-RW drive 19” TFT flat panel XGA (1024x768) monitor Microsoft Windows XP Professional
REFERENCES
Oxford English for Information Technology, Second Edition, OUP Dreamland’s Illustrated Computer Encyclopedia, Dreamland Publications http://www.grassrootsdesign.com/ http://www.echip.com.vn http://www.pcworld.com.vn
An Introduction to the Computer By Pham Ngoc Thai Hoa
Classroom Rules
Be on time No use of mobile phone in class Actively join in all activities of the class Cooperate with your teacher and your friends
COURSE SYLLABUS
Topic-based course:
Kinds of computers The processor The hard drive Peripheral devices Operating system Programming languages Application software LANs and WANs Internet Expert system
ASSESSMENT
Attendance: 5% Preparation: 5% Participation: 5% Writing Assignment: 25% Oral Presentation: 20% Final Test: 40%
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF IT Decoding IT terms: 1. tAaavr 2. VAAJ 3. beodA 4. eooslnn 5. tooebnk 6. terawfos 7. oocfeabk
IDENTIFY A SUITABLE PICTURE
UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION
Discussion
Work in groups of 3:
Do you have a computer? What do you use your computer for? Find a suitable definition for a computer
What is a computer? Study Producing Sounds
Listen to music
Reading
Playing Games
Drawing & Designing
Calculating
ORIGINAL NAME OF COMPUTER
A typical computer operation back when computers were people.
PRESENT DEFINITION FOR COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device that –
Receives the data that we feed into it. Stores the data inside it. Processes the data according to our instructions. (Source: Illustrated Computer Encyclopedia)
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Supercomputer
Desktop Computer
Mainframe
Laptop
Console
Workstation
Cellphone
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUPERCOMPUTER – MAINFRAME - WORKSTATION
Supercomputer:
Mainframe:
Thousands of CPU Very high-speed For sophisticated science purposes (weather forecast, nuclear research, etc.) Smaller For enterprise purposes
Workstation:
For designers
Match the possible users to each type of devices: 1. Student using a computer for entertainment for travelling 2. Large company processing payroll data 3. Travelling salesperson giving marketing presentations 4. Large scientific organization processing work on nuclear research 5. Graphic designer 6. Secretary doing general office work
A. B. C. D.
Mainframe Supercomputer Workstation Entertainment console E. Mobilephone F. Laptop (Notebook) G. Desktop
PERSONAL COMPUTER
A very popular and useful computer meant for personal use at home.
FUNCTIONS OF A COMPUTER
Storing information in its memory Perform speedy arithmetic operation as instructed
Addition / subtraction / multiplication / division / exponentiation
Making decisions
If A < B / If A = B / If A > B
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE COMPUTER
HARDWARE
CPU
Main Memory
FIRMWARE
Peripheral Devices
SOFTWARE
Application
System
HARDWARE – FIRMWARE - SOFTWARE
Hardware: Physical components Firmware: Permanent software held in ROM (eg: BIOS in PC). Software: Programs and instruction sets that operate the computer.
COMPUTER HARDWARE HARDWARE (Physical Components)
Main Memory
CPU
ALU
CU
ROM
RAM
Peripheral Devices
INPUT COMMUNICATION DEVICE
OUTPUT STORAGE DEVICE
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
Definition: The ‘brain’ of the computer that processes instructions and manages the flow of information through a computer system.
Consist of ALU & CU
ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) CU (Control Unit)
Major manufacturers: Intel, AMD
MEMORY
ROM
(Read-only Memory)
Holds the instructions & settings required to start up the computer.
RAM
(Random Access Memory)
Holds the program instructions & data that is being used by the computer.
RAM
The memory that the computer uses to temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more information being processed the more RAM capacity the computer needs. RAM memory chips come in many different sizes and speeds and can usually be expanded by adding or replacing the memory chips depending on the processor you have and the type of memory your computer uses. Major Manufacturers: Kingston, Kingmax, Samsung
PERIPHERALS
Any device attached to a computer in order to expand its functionality. Input devices Output devices Storage devices Communication devices
INPUT & OUTPUT INPUT
Data that we put in the computer. Instructions that we give in regard to the data.
Processing
OUTPUT
Input
PROCESSING
Process the data based on instructions Changing it into useful information as required
Output
Useful information that computer produces after processing data based on our instructions
INPUT DEVICES
INPUT: KEYBOARD
INPUT: MOUSE
Function
Left button: select
Right button: access menus
Trackball: scroll
OUTPUT
OUTPUT: MONITOR
Cathode Ray Tube Technology
Liquid Crystal Display Technology
OUTPUT: MONITOR
Function: shows information on the screen when you type (outputting information). When the computer needs more information it will display a message on the screen, usually through a dialog box. To get full colour graphics and animation, computers need a color monitor with a display or graphics card.
STORAGE DEVICES
COMMUNICATION DEVICE: MODEM
A modulator/demodulator (Điều biến/Giải điều biến) used for converting digital signals, which computers use (0 & 1) to analogue signals, which telephones use & vice versa to allow a computer to be connected to the ordinary telephone system.
SOFTWARE
System software
A program / set of programs that is used to control the basic functions of a computer systems. Eg: operating system
Application Software
A computer program designed for a particular purpose. Eg: word processor
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Commercial software: comes prepackaged and is available from software stores and through the Internet.
Shareware: is software developed by individual and small companies that cannot afford to market their software world wide or by a company that wants to release a demonstration version of their commercial product.
Open source software: created by generous programmers and released into the public domain for public use. There is usually a copyright notice that must remain with the software product.
DISCUSSION: MATCHING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
RAM Processor Mouse Flash memory key Monitor Keyboard DVD-ROM drive ROM
A. Controls the cursor B. Inputs data through keys like a typewriter C. Displays the output from a computer on a screen D. Reads DVD-ROMs E. Reads & writes to electronic chips on a card F. Holds instructions which are needed to start up the computer G. Holds data read or written to it by the processor H. Controls all the operations in a computer
HOW TO READ A COMPUTER AD.
Intel Pentium 4 processor (3GHz, 800Mhz FSB) Minitower chassis 1GB dual channel DDR2 SDRAM 200GB Serial ATA hard drive (7,200 r.p.m.) 128Mb PCI-Express video card Integrated audio 48x CD-RW drive 19” TFT flat panel XGA (1024x768) monitor Microsoft Windows XP Professional
REFERENCES
Oxford English for Information Technology, Second Edition, OUP Dreamland’s Illustrated Computer Encyclopedia, Dreamland Publications http://www.grassrootsdesign.com/ http://www.echip.com.vn http://www.pcworld.com.vn
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