Umts180605

On the Road to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service)

Manish Das

Manish Das

Evolution from 1st generation towards beyond 3-G

First Generation

• Analogue • Circuit switched • Basic voice telephony • Low capacity • Limited local and regional coverage

Second Generation

Third Generation

Beyond 3-G

• Digital • Circuit switched • Voice plus basic data applications • Low data speed • Enhancements towards

• Digital • Packet and circuit switched • Data and multimedia applications • Medium data rates • Global coverage • Global roaming

• Digital • Packet switched • All IP based (IPv6) • More advanced multimedia applications • User in control • Flexible platform of complementary access systems • High speed data • Improved QoS • Global coverage • Global roaming

• packet switching • higher data rates

• Trans-national and global roaming

Manish Das

Trend : Bandwidth - Personal Wireless 10,000,000,000

4G

1,000,000,000 100,000,000

3.5G

10,000,000

bps

3G

1,000,000

GPRS

100,000

2G

10,000 1,000 100 1960

1970

1980 Manish Das

1990

2000

2010

Network & Technology Evolution

FIXED + Wireless + Broadcast Business etc Extensio Convergence n

Subscribers

INTRODUCE IMS HSDPA, HSUPA INTRODUCE UMTS And R4 core

New Services & Cost Savings

Richer Service Revenue

Broadband

Packetized

Present network

Circuit Broadban d

Voice

2003

R99 2007

2004

R4

2005 Manish Das

R5

2006

R5+

GSM Network BSC OML

OMC

is Ab

VMSC A

BTS BTS

BTS

TRAU

AUC

MSC

HLR EIR VLR

BTS

SMSC

BTS

BTS BTS

BC

MS BTS

BSC PSTN Manish Das

GPRS Network SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC

Gd (MAP)

BTS

Abis

A

BSC

(MAP)

MSC/VLR

HLR

PCU Gs

Gb

Gr (MAP)

Gi (IP)

SGSN

GGSN Gn

Gb - Interface between SGSN and BSC (Frame Relay) Gi - Reference point between GPRS and external packet data network Gs - Interface between SGSN and MSC Gr - Interface between SGSN and HLR Gd - Interface between SGSN and SMSC Gn - Interface between two GSN within the same PLMN Gp - Interface between two GSN in different PLMN

IP Network

Gn

Backbone Network

Other PLMN Gp (IP)

EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution) EDGE is the evolutionary step after GPRS that offers 3G data services in the existing GSM spectrum; essentially 3G data speeds in 2G spectrum. Manish Das

Comparison between EDGE and GPRS GPRS

EDGE

Modulation

GMSK

8-PSK

Symbol rate

270ksym/s 270ksym/s

Modulation bit rate

270kb/s

810kb/s

User data rate per time slot (max)

20 kb/s

59.2kb/s

User data rate (8 time slots)

160 kb/s

473.6 kb/s

Manish Das

EDGE Coding schemes

Manish Das

Scenario for Migration from 2G to 3G

Manish Das

Vision for 3 G (IMT 2000) •

Well specified system with major interfaces open and standardised. The specifications generated should be valid world-wide.

•

Added value to the GSM. However, in the beginning the system must be backward compatible at least with GSM and ISDN.

•

Multimedia and all of its components must be supported throughout the system.

•

The services for end-users must be independent from radio access technology

Manish Das

3G technical requirements • Bit Rate: Rural outdoor 144 kbps (500 km/h). Suburban outdoor 384 kbps (120 km/h) . Indoor 2 Mbps (10 km/h). • Variable bit rate capability: granularity, circuit and packet bearers. • Varying delay and quality of service requirements. (priorities of traffic). • Handover: seamless between the cells and different operators. Co-existence with and handover to 2G systems. • Support of asymmetric traffic. Manish Das

UMTS QoS Classes Traffic class

Conversational class

Streaming class

Real Time

Interactive class Background class Best Effort

Real Time Fundamental - Preserve time characteristics relation (variation) between information entities of the stream - Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay ) Example of voice the application

- Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream

streaming video

Manish Das

Best Effort - Request -Destination is not response pattern expecting the data within a certain time -Preserve payload content -Preserve payload content

web browsing

telemetry, emails

UMTS

Manish Das

UMTS Releases UMTS has evolved through different specifications up gradations, known as releases: • Release 99 Addition of UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN) to the existing GSM/GPRS network. • Release 4 Migration of the CS voice network to an ATM or IP core network. • Release 5 Addition of IP Multimedia services (IMS), which effectively enables person-to-person multimedia sessions. • Release 6 No change in overall network architecture. Added more IMS capabilities, speech recognition, Wi-Fi/UMTS inter-working. Manish Das

UMTS Network architecture A UMTS network consist of three interacting domains: • Core Network (CN) • UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) • User Equipment (UE) The main function of the core network is to provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic. Core network also contains the databases and network management functions. The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM network with GPRS. All equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services. The UTRAN provides the air interface access method for User Equipment. Base Station is referred as Node-B and control equipment for Node-B's is called Radio Network Controller (RNC). Manish Das

UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 99

Manish Das

UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 4

Manish Das

UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 5

Manish Das

UMTS Release 6 Network (All IP network) PSTN

PSTN PSTN

CS­ MGW

Mc

PDF 

GMSC  server C

Nb   

VLR B

MSC server

G

GGSN

Gn Gr Gf

Gs

SGSN

MSC server

Nc

Mc

Mc

CS­MGW

Go

EIR F

B

Gp

Gc

D

VLR

E

Gi

     HSS    (HLR,AuC)

Nc   

PSTN

Go*

Gq

Nb

CN

CS­MGW  A IuCS

Gb

IuPS

IuCS

IuPS

RNS

BSS BSC Abis

BTS

Iur

RNC

RNC

Iub

BTS

Node B

cell

Um

Uu ME SIM­ME i/f

or

Cu

USIM Bold lines:interfaces supporting user traffic; SIM Dashed lines: interfaces supporting signalling. Manish Das MS

Node B

UMTS Rel 6

HSS

Iu-PS

I-CSCF S-CSCF BGCF

Node B

RNC

EIR

Node B UTRAN

P-CSCF MGW DHCP DNS

SGSN

MGCF

MRF

GGSN Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem Core Network

Signaling Speech path

(IMS CN)

Manish Das

Core Network CS Domain The CS domain refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "CS type of connection" for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. The entities specific to the CS domain are: MSC, GMSC, VLR. PS Domain The PS domain refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "PS type of connection" for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. The entities specific to the PS domain are the GPRS specific entities, i.e. SGSN and GGSN. Manish Das

Core Network: MSC Server and Media Gateway MSC functionality is split into two logical functions: • Media Gateway (MGW) • MSC Server The call control function of MSC is provided by MSC Server. The bearer switching functions of the MSC are provided by MGW.

ISUP

Call Control functions

VLR ISUP

ISUP

MSC SERVER Control functions

Mc Bearer functions

64 kbps PCM

VLR ISUP

H.248

Media Gateway

64 kbps PCM

Bearer UPlane Manish Das

Integrated MSC Functionality

Bearer UPlane

Physically separated Functionality

Core Network Home Subscriber Server (HSS) The HSS is the master database for a given user. It is the entity containing the subscription-related information to support the network entities actually handling calls/sessions. The HSS consists of the following functionalities: -IP multimedia functionality to provide support to control functions of the IM subsystem such as the CSCF. It is needed to enable subscriber usage of the IM CN subsystem services. This IP multimedia functionality is independent of the access network used to access the IM CN subsystem. -The subset of the HLR/AUC functionality required by the PS Domain. -The subset of the HLR/AUC functionality required by the CS Domain, if it is desired to enable subscriber access to the CS Domain or to support roaming to legacy GSM/UMTS CS Domain networks. Manish Das

Core Network: HSS HSS

Mobility Management

Identification handling

User security info. generation

Service authorization support

User security support

Access authorization

Service Provisioning support

Application Services Support

Call / Session establishment support C

D

Wx

CAMEL Services Support Gr Gc

gsmSCF

GMSC

MSC / VLR

CS Domain

GGSN 3GPP AAA Server

SGSN

Sh

Si

Cx

IM-SSF

CSCF

SIP Application Server

OSA-SCS

IM CN subsystem PS Domain Manish Das

IMS Architecture

Manish Das

IMS Architecture CSCF: Next generation call control – The Call State Control Function (CSCF) is an enhanced SIP proxy (i.e. an entity that routes SIP messages). Additional wireless capabilities are added (i.e. SIM based authentication, billing, QoS control). Three "flavours" of CSCF have been defined: • P-CSCF for Proxy • I-CSCF for Interrogating • S-CSCF for Serving) potentially allowing a better repartition of the functionalities in different nodes therefore providing more scalability as well roaming capabilities. HSS: Centralised Subscriber Data/Authentication – The 3GPP IMS relies on the packet core for connectivity to the handset/client. The provisioning and authentication data is held at the HLR. The 3GPP IMS also needs its own provisioning and authentication information, so, the HLR is extended to hold all of this information in one place – the Home Subscriber Server (HSS). Manish Das

IMS Architecture MGCF, MGW: The Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) terminates SIP sessions and provides ISUP (or equivalent) signalling to the PSTN. The Media Gateway (MGW) provides inter working and transcoding from IP bearer to TDM (or potentially VoIP or VoATM).

Manish Das

UTRAN WCDMA radio is the main difference between UMTS and GSM BSS.

Manish Das

Node B The functions of Node-B are: • • • • •

Air interface Transmission / Reception Modulation / Demodulation CDMA Physical Channel coding Error Handing Closed loop power control

Manish Das

RNC The functions of RNC are:

• • • • • • • • •

Radio Resource Control Admission Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Ciphering Segmentation / Reassembly Broadcast Signalling Open Loop Power Control Manish Das

UTRA Air Interface Standard • • • • • • •

Uses WCDMA Channel bandwidth: 5 MHz Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps Spreading factor (SF): 4 to 512 512 Orthogonal codes Maximum data rate per channel: 960 kbps (uncoded) Maximum allowed parallel channels: 6

Manish Das

Interfaces Iub This is equivalent to A-bis interface in GSM, but unlike A-bis this is an open interface. It uses ATM for transmission. Iu-CS This is equivalent to A interface in GSM. Main signalling protocol is RANAP. Iu-PS This is equivalent to Gb interface in GPRS. It carries data traffic and signaling between UTRAN and the core data GPRS network. Iur This interface connects two RNCs. There is no equivalent interface in GSM/ GPRS. When a mobile user moves between areas served by different RNCs, the mobile user’s data is transferred to new RNC via Iur. The original RNC is known as serving RNC and the new RNC is known as the Drift RNC. Manish Das

Coverage of different bit rate

Manish Das

Coverage of different bit rate

Manish Das

Coverage of different bit rate

Service Allowed propagation loss [dB] Cell radius [km]

12.2 kbps Voice 141.9 2.3

Manish Das

144 kbps 384 kbps data data 135.7

129.9

1.5

1.0

Data Transfer time for different applications

Manish Das

3G and Beyond – Data Throughput in 5 MHz Latency (Ping 32bytes)

Typical max Throughput per cell #users (**)

EDGE

UMTS

HSDPA HSUPA 2005-06

(MIMO-OFDM)

HSOPA 2007-08

260 ms*

120 ms

60 ms

20 ms

320 kbps

1 Mbps

10 Mbps

40 Mbps

7

9

40

>100

(*) subsequent Ping (**) number of simultaneous users of 128kbps streaming in 5 MHz

HSDPA delivers the cost, capacity and performance required for True Mobile Broadband Manish Das

UMTS Release 6 Network

Manish Das

HSDPA xDSL data rate on Wireless? High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) promise 10 Mbps speed in downlink.

Manish Das

The mobile networks beyond 3 G HAPS

Satellite

GSM

Wireline or Wireless Networks (Internet) Services

Bluetooth

WLAN UMTS Content

ADSL

OFDM

Unspecified

TDMA FDD

WCDMA TD-CDMA

OFDM TDD

Direct Sequence Frequency Hopping

Manish Das

Very wide area

Wide area

Metropolitan area

Local area

Personal area