Ubiquitous Computing

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

BIGGER PICTURE

Basic idea

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Computing is embedded every where in the environment.

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Computing & processing is embedded into every devices.

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Information access & communication is possible virtually everywhere.

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Devices can be connected and networked.

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It is also called as pervasive computing.

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It names the third wave in computing

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The age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives.

UBIQUITOUS • Existing or being present every where at the same time. • constantly encountered •

wide spread

• Omni present, allover, universal, constantly available

• Pervasive to the point of subconscious •

Ex-wearable computing

DEFINITION • Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities.

• Ubiquitous computing envisions a world in which people have unlimited, invisible access to information, processing power and computation capacities. Mobile devices are very popular today, and are playing a major role for ubiquitous information and communication. Smartphone's & PDAs are heavily used.

HOW TO ACHIEVE • Making computing & mobile connected. • Instrument the person. • Instrument the Physical Surrounding.

• Pervasive computing •Wearable computing •Intellignt environment •Augmented reality

ENABLING TECHNOLOGY • Embedded system + AI + Protocol = UBICOMP • Processingcheaper,faster,smarter,more energy efficient. • Storage- big and fast

• Networking – global, local, ad-hoc, low-power, highbandwidth • Sensors- types, speed, accuracy, price, robustness • Actuators-computer controlled

APPLIANCE C0MPUTING • Dedicated devicesMobile Phones, PDA, GPS • Multi-modal inputGUI’S, Speech, Pen, Touch Screen • Zero-maintenancePre-configured, rare-failure.

STIUATION :#1 • Suppose any body is at gate no.13 in airport, wants to edit some necessary mail and send it through WI-FI hotspot. • But, the person finds low bandwidth. • NOVA, detects the situation & consults with airport servers, that gate no.9,having no flight in next 2 hr, high bandwidth. • Now, the person accept the suggestion & move to gate no.9,checks and edit mail, then it again suggest to move to gate no.13 to catch the flight.

STIUATION :#2

• Say, somebody has presentation in few min. but the persons is not ready yet. • So, the person grab’s handheld computing device & start walking to meeting . •

NOVA transfer the state from desktop to PDA or any handheld device ,finishes editing with voice.

• NOVA infers the schedule, downloads material to projection computer & warms up projector. • While entering the room the face detection system suggest that there are some unfamiliar face’s so not to disclose any sensitive detail.

KEY ASPECTS Scenario1 : • • •

Proactivity: -NOVA, can estimate how long the whole process takes and look ahead on is behalf. Combining knowledge from different layer :wireless congestion and boarding time Smart space: provide information of wireless issues, flight time and gates, distance between gates.

Scenario2: • • •

Moving execution state across diverse platform Automatic adjusting behavior to fit circumstances: voice inputs Proactivity and smart space.

THE MODEL ? • Design aspect : Wearable computer? Personal assistant? What sensor and networking ? • Context-aware : how to know user’s fate & surrounding & modify behavior. • How to cooperate & interact with infra structure? with outer person? • How to roam about? reconfigurable? PDA with 802.11.b,JAVA,UNIX or any other.

SMART OBJECT/ENVIRONMENT • Provide service system design: which embedded system? web server? Sensors &actuators? • Naming, registration, discovery • Physical/virtual mapping • Mobility management, energy management • i/o matching, adaptation, environment monitoring

INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT •

Infrastructure in real life:Ex- electricity, roads. just there are even invisible, open platform.

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Internet infrastructure:Domain name service(DNS registry) Service :cooperating routers, time servers

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TCP/IP :-

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Extended the internet to everyday computing

common formats/protocols web standards

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SMART OBJECTS • GAURANTEE:security, privacy, availability, reliability • PROVIDE SERVICES :location(where I am) context(are we in a meeting) event delivery(tell me when happens) brokering(find something that…) • Directory, Discovery ,Roaming • Mobility ,Roaming

CONTEXT AWARENESS Generic features – Context – information about the environment with application is associated. LOCATION and TIME are simple examples of context ! Context aware application:- is one which can capture the context - assign meaning to it - change behavior accordingly Need:Applications that are context aware and allow rapid personalization of their service.

EXAMPLES 1. LIVE BOARD 2. ACTIVE BADGE 3. WEARABLE DEVICE 4. SPEECH RECOGNIZATION 5. MOTION SENSORS 6. SMART -ITS

S.E.CHALLENGES Challenges presented by the three features

TOOLKIT DESIGN ISSUES SOFTWARE STRUCTURING ISSUES COMPONENT INTEGRATION

TOOLKIT DESIGN ISSUE • be able to treat all types of I/P as easily as keyboard or mouse (e.g.: freeform pen based interaction) • need for clustering techniques that can associate various forms of data • Context aware applications need TILE interface (Time, Identity, Location, Entities)

Open challenges ‘Scalable Interfaces’ - variety of devices with different size and interaction techniques Rewriting of Applications !! Component Integration: - not all portions of every application are developed - many times we rely on software Constraint: - software are not available for various types of devices / OS

Need: Standard methods to communicate and control wide array of devices and OS

ISSUES

• How to integrate mobile communication into complex infrastructure? • What effect will thy have on work and leisure? • How to develop & manage adaptable context aware software systems? • To many similar standards of wireless network? • Privacy and security amongst data transfer? • How to lower the cost of diversity in devices?

ISSUES • What is software infrastructure for integration? • Can devices used as routers? • Do we get it by just adopting some standards? • How does a client choose between adaption strategies? how strategies be changed seamlessly as user moves? • How do resource reservation in a smart space? what are admission control policies?

• What high-level system can be managed for energy efficiency?(memory, application, adaptation).

SECURITY •

Interactions cross multiple organizational boundaries

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Specification, analysis and integration for mixed databases, firewalls, routers

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Lessons from history:Cell phones, IR garage doors, CATV decoders Everything worth hacking gets hacked

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Need for secure ‘out of the box’ set up

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Identify friend or foe

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Small communicators, with confidential data, are easily lost or stolen – biometric authentication

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Necessary security technology exists

OS,

level of trust

PRIVACY • Location service tracks movement to within meters • Clearly indicate you are being sensed or recorded + user control to stop recording or control distribution of information • You are now predictable- System can co-relate location, context and behavior patterns •

Do you want employer, colleagues or insurance company to know you carry a medical monitor?

• Tension between authentication and anonymity business want to authenticate you for financial transactions and to provide ‘personalized’ • Constant spam of context dependent advertising

MANAGEMENT-NIGHT MARE • Huge, complex systems: Billions of processors Multiple organizations Managing physical world, controlling sensors, actuators Humans will be in the way • Errors propagate to bring down complete regions • Hacker and virus paradise • System propagates false information about individuals or organization • Complexity of s/w installation on a workstation or server – how do you cope with billions?

CONCLUSION • Universal PDA/communicator •

Explosion in embedded sensors/actuators

• Context-aware intelligent environment • Privacy will be a major issue • Embedded system ,AI, Perception, networking • Many new and fascinating problem are emerging • System integration is the key

QUESTION ?