The Trinity in the New Testament
Seen in: 1. The Incarnation a. Text: Luke 1:35 b. “And the angel answered and said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God.” i. Holy Spirt: “The Holy Spirit will come upon you,” ii. Father: “the power of the Highest will overshadow you” 1. Cf. Luke 1:32, “He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David” 2. Cf Mark 5:7, “And he cried out with a loud voice and said, “What have I to do with You, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I implore You by God that You do not torment me” 3. Other references to “the Highest” (Greek ὕψιστος (hypsistos)): here iii. Son: “that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God.” c. Walter Martin: “we have in Luke a concrete instance of the Holy Spirit, the Father, and the Son all being mentioned together in the supernatural event of the Incarnation” Reference 2. Jesus’ Baptism a. Text: Luke 3:21‐22 b. “When all the people were baptized, it came to pass that Jesus also was baptized; and while He prayed, the heaven was opened. 22 And the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon Him, and a voice came from heaven which said, “You are My beloved Son; in You I am well pleased.”” c. Son: “Jesus also was baptized” d. Holy Spirit: “the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon Him” e. Father: “You are My beloved Son; in You I am well pleased” f. Incidence of what the Jews called a Bath Qol (voice from heaven)! (More here) g. Martin: “In these verses we see the Son being baptized, the Spirit descending upon Him, and the Father bearing testimony” 1
The Trinity in the New Testament
h. 3. Johannine Discourses a. John 14:16‐17, “And I will pray the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever— the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him; but you know Him, for He dwells with you and will be in you.” i. Jesus: Praying to the Father ii. Requests: “another Helper … the Spirit of truth” b. John 14:26, “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you” c. John 15:26, “But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me” d. Martin: “Our Lord here prays to the Father for the Spirit, and His emphasis on tri‐unity is quite apparent” 4. Pauline Epistles a. 2 Corinthians 13:14, “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. Amen” i. Martin: “It would have been difficult for Paul to give this benediction if the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were not equal persons within the Godhead” b. Galatians 4:4‐6, “But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. 6 And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” i. Father: “God sent forth His Son” ii. Son: “to redeem those who were under the law” iii. Holy Spirit: “the Spirit of His Son into your hearts” c. Ephesians 2:17‐18, “And He came and preached peace to you who were afar off and to those who were near. 18 For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father.” i. Son: “He came and preached peace” ii. Holy Spirit: “we both have access by one Spirit” iii. Father: “access … to the Father.”
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The Trinity in the New Testament
d. Ephesians 1:3, 13, ” Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, …. In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise,” i. Father: “Blessed be the God and Father” ii. Son: “In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed” iii. Holy Spirit: “you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise” 5. New Testament Creation references a. The Father created the world: i. Romans 1:24,25, “Therefore God also gave them up to uncleanness, in the lusts of their hearts, to dishonor their bodies among themselves, 25 who exchanged the truth of God for the lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever” (Context is that God here is NOT the Son … therefore the Father!) ii. Hebrews 1:2, “has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds;” b. The Son created the word: Colossians 1:16, “For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him” c. Compare OT where Holy Spirit is said to be the Creator: “the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters” (Genesis 1:2) d. Martin: “The apostle Paul declared in Acts 17:24, "the God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples built by hands." This forces us to an irresistible conclusion. As creation has been attributed to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit singly and collectively, they are the one God. There cannot be three gods. The Scripture declares: "Turn to me and be saved, all you ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other" (Isa. 45:22). Hence there is unity in trinity and trinity in unity.”
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The Trinity in the New Testament
6. The Great Commission: a. Matthew 28:18‐20 b. “And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Amen” c. Trinitarian baptism formula: “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” 7. The Resurrection of Christ a. Aside from Creation itself (which was miraculous), no other miracle is as important to the believer than the resurrection: I Corinthians 15:16‐17, “For if the dead do not rise, then Christ is not risen. 17 And if Christ is not risen, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins!” b. Jesus declares that He is the agent of the resurrection: John 2:19,21, “Jesus answered and said to them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” 20 Then the Jews said, “It has taken forty‐six years to build this temple, and will You raise it up in three days?” 21 But He was speaking of the temple of His body” c. The Holy Spirit is the agent: Romans 8:11, “But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you” d. Peter declares the Father the agent: Acts 3:26, “To you first, God, having raised up His Servant Jesus, sent Him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from your iniquities” Helpful source: Christian Research Newsletter : The Doctrine of the Trinity, by Walter Martin, c 1994
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