Travel And Tourism Competitiveness Report Part 3/3

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Part 2 Country/Economy Profiles and Data Presentation

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2.1 Country/Economy Profiles

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How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles THIERRY GEIGER, Economist, World Economic Forum

This section presents two-page profiles for all the 124 economies included in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007.

Left-hand page

Travel & Tourism indicators

How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

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The second section presents Travel & Tourism (T&T) indicators that aim to provide a measure of the past, current, and projected future activity of Travel & Tourism in each an economy.This section is split into two parts:

Key indicators

The first section presents several key indicators that give a sense of the size of the country and its economy. Population and surface area figures are from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators Online Database. GDP numbers are from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook Online Database.

Argentina Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................38.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,780.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................181.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................14,109 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T Industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,899...................2.9...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................630...................4.0...................1.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,325...................8.0...................3.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,488...................9.5...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,895 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,753 4000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3500 3000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2500 2000 1500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................64

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................85

4.2 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................78 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................94 Safety and security .............................................................................................91 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................90 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................64

4.3 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................58

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................43 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................69 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................51 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................55 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................62

3.5 3.4 3.5 3.0 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................45

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................66 Education and training.................................................................................53 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................95 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................53 National tourism perception..............................................................................52 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................35

5.1 4.9 3.8 6.5 5.1 4.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”

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The first part presents data from the Tourism Satellite Accounting Research carried out annually by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). Developed by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Eurostat, the Tourism Satellite (TSA) framework is a statistical tool—including concepts, definitions, aggregates, classifications, and tables—that is compatible with international national accounting guidelines and allows for valid international comparisons.The TSA also makes these estimates comparable with other internationally recognized macroeconomic aggregates and compilations. Using the TSA approach,WTTC estimates the current and projected future economic contribution of Travel & Tourism in terms of an economy’s GDP and employment.WTTC defines the T&T industry as a narrow perspective of T&T activity that captures the production-side industry contribution (that is, direct impact only).The T&T economy is a broader perspective of Travel & Tourism that takes into consideration the direct as well as the indirect contributions by traditional travel service providers and industry suppliers within the resident economy. This latter perspective is used when one wants to understand the total impact of Travel & Tourism on the resident economy. More information regarding WTTC’s TSA Research, along with details on the methodology and data, are available at www.wttc.org/tsa1.htm. The second part of the T&T indicators presents data on international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts over the period 1995 to 2005. In some cases data are missing for particular years.The graph shows all available data during this period for each economy.The data were provided by the UNWTO. The number of international tourist arrivals, expressed in thousands, is the most common unit of

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How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

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measure used to quantify the volume of international tourism for statistical purposes. It includes exclusively overnight visitors—that is, tourists who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited. Same-day visitors are not included.The number of arrivals does not necessarily correspond to the number of persons.The same person who makes several trips to a given country during a given period will be counted as a new arrival each time. International tourism receipts, expressed in millions of current US$, are the receipts earned by a destination country from inbound tourism and cover all tourism receipts resulting from expenditures made by visitors from abroad, on, for instance, lodging, food and drinks, fuel, transport in the country, entertainment, shopping, and so on.This measure includes receipts generated by overnight as well as by same-day trips. Receipts from same-day trips can be substantial, as in the case of countries where a lot of shopping for goods and services takes place by visitors from neighboring countries.

• For those economies ranked from 11th to 50th on the overall TTCI, any variables with a higher rank than the economy’s overall rank are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked equal to, or lower than, the economy’s overall rank are disadvantages. For example, Slovak Republic ranks 37th overall.Thus, the quality of railroad infrastructure on which the country ranks 27th is an advantage, while the number of World Heritage sites (40th) and carbon dioxide damage (81st) both constitute disadvantages. • For the economies with an overall rank on the TTCI lower than 50, any variables for which the economy has a rank of 50 or higher are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked below 50 are considered to be disadvantages. For example, ranked 69th overall, Guatemala has the variable “nationally protected areas” (16th) listed as an advantage, while the variable “Ticket taxes and airport charges” (112th) is a disadvantage.

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index

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The third section of the page presents the economy’s performance on the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) and its various components. For further analysis, the Data Tables at the end of the Report provide detailed rankings and scores for each of the 58 variables included in the TTCI.

Argentina National competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................12

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................29

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights..................................................................121 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................111 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................75 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................63

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............110 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................91 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................87

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Safety and security

Right-hand page

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................12 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................28 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................42

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................108 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................105

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......114

Tourism infrastructure

Travel & Tourism competitiveness balance sheet

The right-hand page of each profile forms an economy’s competitiveness balance sheet. It allows the reader to quickly identify the variables that constitute the relative strengths (competitive advantages) and the relative weaknesses (competitive disadvantages) of an economy in terms of T&T competitiveness.Variables are organized by pillar, with advantages listed on the left-hand side and disadvantages listed on the right-hand side. To identify variables as advantage or disadvantages, the following rules are applied: • For the top 10 economies in the overall Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), any variables on which the economy is ranked 10th or higher are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked below 10 are considered to be disadvantages. For example, the United States, ranked 5th overall, has the indicator “airport density” (8th) listed as an advantage, while the indicator “stringency of environmental regulations” (21st) is considered as a disadvantage.

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................34 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................77 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................75 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.11 11.07 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment........................................25 Life expectancy ..................................................................39 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................40 Local availability of research and training services.............43

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................8 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................35

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................84 6.06 International air transport network .....................................55 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................52

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................66 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................65 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................63 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................58

Tourism infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................49

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................56 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................53

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................57 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................55 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................118 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................81

Human resources 11.06 11.03 11.08 11.05 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................118 Quality of the educational system .....................................99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Extent of staff training........................................................72 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................54

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................95

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................79 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................71 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................65

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List of Countries/Economies

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List of Countries/Economies

Country/Economy

Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chad Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gambia Georgia Germany Greece Guatemala Guyana Honduras Hong Kong SAR Hungary

Page

120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216

Country/Economy

Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Rep. Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, FYR Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Serbia and Montenegro

Page

218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 250 252 254 256 258 260 262 264 266 268 270 272 274 276 278 280 282 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 298 300 302 304 306 308 310 312 314

Country/Economy

Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Taiwan, China Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam Zambia Zimbabwe

Page

316 318 320 322 324 326 328 330 332 334 336 338 340 342 344 346 348 350 352 354 356 358 360 362 364 366

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Albania Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................28.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................8.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,405 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................346...................3.8...................7.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................44...................3.1...................3.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,072.................11.9...................7.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................138...................9.6...................3.8 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ...............................46 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............861 1,000

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

800 600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................90

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................94

3.8 3.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................84 Environmental regulation .................................................................................124 Safety and security .............................................................................................80 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................58 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................107

4.1 2.5 4.1 4.8 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................114

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................113 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................122 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................86 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................106 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................81

2.0 1.9 2.4 1.8 4.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................43

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................35 Education and training.................................................................................89 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................10 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................43 National tourism perception..............................................................................10 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................93

5.4 4.2 5.3 6.6 6.2 3.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Albania T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................42 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................49

1.02 1.01 1.03 1.05

Property rights..................................................................116 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................113 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................110 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................66

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................44

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................124 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............123 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................116

Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.07 11.06 11.08 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................8 Hiring and firing practices...................................................18 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................38

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................91 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................77 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................68

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......104 4.02 Physician density................................................................69

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................4

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................27

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................120 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................86

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.04 6.03

Available seat kilometers..................................................111 International air transport network ...................................104 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................103 Number of operating airlines..............................................91 Airport density ....................................................................90 Departures per 1,000 population........................................71

7.04 7.02 7.01 7.03

Domestic transport network ............................................121 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................115 Road infrastructure...........................................................114 Port infrastructure ............................................................106

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................76 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................73 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................119 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................100 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................84

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.03 10.02 10.01

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Fuel price level ...................................................................98 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................90 Purchasing power parity.....................................................61 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................53

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................87 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................68

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................122 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................87 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

11.04 11.05 11.03 11.02 11.11

Local availability of research and training services...........118 Extent of staff training......................................................111 Quality of the educational system .....................................80 Secondary education enrollment........................................76 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Algeria Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................32.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,381.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................102.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,189 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,581...................1.5...................7.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................121...................1.4...................5.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,095...................6.8...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................496...................5.9...................3.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,443 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ..............178 1,500

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................93

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................89

3.7 3.8

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................113 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................82 Safety and security .............................................................................................74 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................53 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................109

3.4 3.7 4.2 4.9 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................93

2.8

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................101 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................78 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................114 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................118 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................9

2.3 3.0 1.7 1.6 5.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................97

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................86 Education and training.................................................................................83 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................107 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................57 National tourism perception............................................................................114 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................65

4.8 4.3 3.7 6.5 4.0 4.3 1

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Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Algeria T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................33

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................45 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........48

1.04 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.02

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................98 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................91 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................84 Property rights....................................................................66

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Environmental regulation

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................3 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................32 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................41

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................89 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............79 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................72

Safety and security

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................114 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................80

Health and hygiene

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

4.02 Physician density................................................................75 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.03 5.01 5.04

T&T government expenditure ..........................................105 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................94 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................82 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.04 6.02 6.03

Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................91 International air transport network .....................................88 Number of operating airlines..............................................85 Airport density ....................................................................80 Available seat kilometers....................................................72 Departures per 1,000 population........................................66

7.04 7.01 7.03 7.02

Domestic transport network ..............................................81 Road infrastructure.............................................................79 Port infrastructure ..............................................................78 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................72

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................115 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................77

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................123 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................96 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................88

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................51

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................107 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................102 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................91

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.02 13.03 13.05

Business concern for ecosystems .....................................89 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................87 Nationally protected areas..................................................78 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................78

11.07 11.04 11.05 11.03 11.06 11.02 11.11 11.10

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................117 Local availability of research and training services...........100 Extent of staff training........................................................98 Quality of the educational system .....................................92 Hiring and firing practices...................................................81 Secondary education enrollment........................................73 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................56

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Angola Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................15.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,246.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................32.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,813 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................20.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................241...................3.5...................2.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................96...................2.7...................3.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,793.................40.5...................2.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,179.................33.3...................3.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................210 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ................66 250

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................122

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................122

2.9 2.9

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................121 Environmental regulation .................................................................................115 Safety and security .............................................................................................92 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................119 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................121

2.9 2.9 3.8 2.6 2.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure .........................................113

2.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................98 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................120 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................115 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................121 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................30

2.3 2.0 1.6 1.6 5.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................124

3.3

Human resources ..............................................................................................118 Education and training...............................................................................122 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................77 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................115 National tourism perception............................................................................121 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................119

3.1 2.4 4.2 2.7 3.6 3.0 1

2

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Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Angola T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................18

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................30

1.05 1.01 1.04 1.02 1.03

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................121 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................119 Visa requirements ............................................................113 Property rights..................................................................108 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................63

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Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................14 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................35

Natural and cultural resources

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................120 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............114 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................102

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................45

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................115 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................91

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................112 Access to improved drinking water .................................108 Access to improved sanitation .........................................104 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........94

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.02 5.04

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................115 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................110 T&T government expenditure ..........................................105 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.05 6.01 6.03 6.02

International air transport network ...................................113 Number of operating airlines............................................107 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................99 Departures per 1,000 population........................................97 Available seat kilometers....................................................83

7.04 7.01 7.02 7.03

Domestic transport network ............................................123 Road infrastructure...........................................................122 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................98 Port infrastructure ..............................................................96

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................115 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................101

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................118 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................113 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................107

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................81 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................65

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................119 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................118 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................101

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.01 13.05 13.03

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................114 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Nationally protected areas..................................................65

Human resources 11.04 11.11 11.03 11.09 11.05 11.08 11.10 11.06 11.07

Local availability of research and training services...........122 Life expectancy ................................................................121 Quality of the educational system ...................................120 Malaria incidence..............................................................114 Extent of staff training......................................................107 HIV prevalence .................................................................107 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................99 Hiring and firing practices...................................................80 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................71

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Argentina Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................38.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,780.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................181.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................14,109 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,899...................2.9...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................630...................4.0...................1.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,325...................8.0...................3.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,488...................9.5...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,895 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,753 4,000

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,500 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................64

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................85

4.2 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................78 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................94 Safety and security .............................................................................................91 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................90 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................64

4.3 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................58

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................43 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................69 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................51 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................55 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................62

3.5 3.4 3.5 3.0 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................45

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................66 Education and training.................................................................................53 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................95 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................53 National tourism perception..............................................................................52 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................35

5.1 4.9 3.8 6.5 5.1 4.9 1

2

3

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Argentina T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................12

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.01

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Property rights..................................................................121 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................111 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................75 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................63

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................29

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2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............110 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................91 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................87

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Safety and security Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................12 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................28 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................42

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................108 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................105

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......114

Tourism infrastructure Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................34 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................77 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................75 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.11 11.07 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment........................................25 Life expectancy ..................................................................39 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................40 Local availability of research and training services.............43

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................8 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................35

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................84 6.06 International air transport network .....................................55 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................52

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.03 7.04

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................66 Road infrastructure.............................................................65 Port infrastructure ..............................................................63 Domestic transport network ..............................................58

Tourism infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................49

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................56 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................53

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................57 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................55 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................118 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................81

Human resources 11.06 11.03 11.08 11.05 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................118 Quality of the educational system .....................................99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Extent of staff training........................................................72 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................54

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................95

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................79 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................71 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................65

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Armenia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................29.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................3.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,270 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................13.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................319 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............141 350

128

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

300 250

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 150 100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................74

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................65

3.9 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................92 Environmental regulation .................................................................................102 Safety and security .............................................................................................49 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................40 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................67

3.8 3.3 4.8 5.5 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................96

2.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................95 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................98 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................110 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................84 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................28

2.3 2.6 1.9 2.2 5.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................62

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................53 Education and training.................................................................................79 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................21 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................72 National tourism perception..............................................................................53 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................78

5.2 4.4 5.0 6.3 5.1 4.0 1

2

3

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Armenia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................37 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................39

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................12

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.05 1.01 1.02 1.03

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................33 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................35 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................40

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............113 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................95 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................90

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................74

Health and hygiene

Human resources 11.01 11.07 11.08 11.02

Visa requirements ............................................................100 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................84 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................75 Property rights....................................................................71 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................56

Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................47

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Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................5 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Secondary education enrollment........................................48

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........90 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................53 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

National tourism perception

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................92 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................52

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................9 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................25 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................47

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.02 6.01 6.03 6.04

International air transport network ...................................107 Available seat kilometers....................................................86 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................85 Departures per 1,000 population........................................76 Airport density ....................................................................72

7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Port infrastructure ............................................................124 Domestic transport network ..............................................86 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................76 Road infrastructure.............................................................68

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................88 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................91 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................88 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................67

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................67

Human resources 11.04 11.05 11.03 11.11 11.10 11.06

Local availability of research and training services...........104 Extent of staff training......................................................103 Quality of the educational system .....................................88 Life expectancy ..................................................................79 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................72 Hiring and firing practices...................................................53

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.02 13.01 13.03

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................117 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................94 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 Nationally protected areas..................................................57

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Australia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................20.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................7,741.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................708.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................30,897 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................39,972...................5.3...................3.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................569...................5.6...................0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................91,480.................12.2...................3.1 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,287.................12.8...................0.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................5,020 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........16,866 20,000

130

15,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................13

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................16

5.2 5.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................52 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................13 Safety and security .............................................................................................20 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................22 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................30

4.8 5.6 5.5 5.9 4.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................10

5.0

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................5 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................20 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................14 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................8 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................111

5.4 5.2 5.4 5.6 3.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................26

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................17 Education and training.................................................................................18 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................82 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................2 National tourism perception..............................................................................80 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................15

5.6 5.9 4.1 7.0 4.6 5.6 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Australia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................10

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................12

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.01

Visa requirements ..............................................................92 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................72 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................51 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................22

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

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2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................16 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............14 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................13

Air transport infrastructure Safety and security

6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................7

Tourism infrastructure

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................78 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................19

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................8

ICT infrastructure

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................39 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........22

9.02 Internet users .......................................................................5 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................10

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.11 11.10 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................3 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................11 Quality of the educational system .....................................12

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................12

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.04 5.03

T&T government expenditure ............................................44 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................28 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................13

6.04 6.05 6.06 6.03 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................23 Number of operating airlines..............................................21 International air transport network .....................................18 Departures per 1,000 population........................................16 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................15

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ..............................................................28 Road infrastructure.............................................................24 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................22 Domestic transport network ..............................................21

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................24

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................16

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.01 10.03 10.04

Purchasing power parity...................................................108 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................101 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................80 Fuel price level ...................................................................75

11.07 11.06 11.08 11.05 11.04

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................82 Hiring and firing practices...................................................71 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Extent of staff training........................................................20 Local availability of research and training services.............16

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................80 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................70 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................20

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................62 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................31 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................13

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Austria Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................83.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................305.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................33,432 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................19,774...................6.2...................1.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................301...................7.3...................1.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................52,768.................16.6...................1.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................786.................19.1...................1.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................19,952 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........15,467 20,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

132 15,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

10,000

5,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................2

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................3

5.5 5.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................22 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................2 Safety and security ...............................................................................................4 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................14 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................14

5.3 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................12

5.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................23 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................17 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................1 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................22 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................113

4.1 5.5 6.9 4.8 3.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................1

5.9

Human resources ................................................................................................23 Education and training.................................................................................10 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................102 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................19 National tourism perception..............................................................................33 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................2

5.5 6.0 3.7 6.9 5.5 6.5 1

2

3

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Austria T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................7

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................3 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................4 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................8

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................6 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................8 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................10

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................53 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................21 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................19

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........28 4.02 Physician density................................................................18

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................33 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................23

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................7

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.02 6.01 6.03 6.06 6.05

Airport density ....................................................................61 Available seat kilometers....................................................32 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................27 Departures per 1,000 population........................................21 International air transport network .....................................21 Number of operating airlines..............................................17

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................9 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................10

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................38 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................16

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................3 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................3

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................23 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................23 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................17

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................5

13.05 13.03 13.04 13.02

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Nationally protected areas....................................................4 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................5 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................10

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.01 10.03

Fuel price level .................................................................109 Purchasing power parity...................................................107 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................92 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................34

11.07 11.06 11.08 11.10 11.11 11.04 11.03

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................112 Hiring and firing practices...................................................84 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................23 Life expectancy ..................................................................15 Local availability of research and training services.............14 Quality of the educational system .....................................13

Natural and cultural resources Human resources

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................25 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................14 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................11

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24

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Azerbaijan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................86.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................12.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,601 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................24.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,177 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................78 1,500

134

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................75

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................77

3.9 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................96 Environmental regulation .................................................................................104 Safety and security .............................................................................................38 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................63 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................84

3.8 3.2 5.0 4.7 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................70

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................77 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................49 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................101 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................73 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................17

2.8 3.9 2.1 2.4 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................88

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................36 Education and training.................................................................................78 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................9 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................75 National tourism perception..............................................................................65 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................116

5.4 4.5 5.4 6.2 4.8 3.2 1

2

3

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Azerbaijan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................48 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................50

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................100 1.02 Property rights....................................................................98 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................84

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Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................26 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................50

Health and hygiene

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................111 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............103 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................99

4.02 Physician density................................................................14

Safety and security Air transport infrastructure

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................76

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................43 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................47

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................34 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................45

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........89 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................89 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................80

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................5 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................29 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................41

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................91 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................85 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................5 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................36

6.02 6.03 6.06 6.04

Ground transport infrastructure

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................4 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................33

Available seat kilometers....................................................78 Departures per 1,000 population........................................74 International air transport network .....................................73 Airport density ....................................................................66

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................63 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................58

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................82 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................65

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................85 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................74 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................57

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................86

Human resources 11.01 11.05 11.11 11.03 11.04 11.10 11.02

Primary education enrollment ..........................................100 Extent of staff training........................................................94 Life expectancy ..................................................................89 Quality of the educational system .....................................86 Local availability of research and training services.............68 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................68 Secondary education enrollment........................................67

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................94

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.04 13.01 13.03

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................118 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................94 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Nationally protected areas..................................................68

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Bahrain Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................13.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................21,565 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,137...................8.3...................5.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................38.................11.0...................3.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,851.................20.9...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................84.................24.4...................3.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,914 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............920

136

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................47

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................61

4.4 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................62 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................77 Safety and security .............................................................................................61 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................61 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................81

4.7 3.7 4.5 4.8 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................34

4.2

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................27 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................39 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................31 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................52 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................3

4.0 4.2 4.2 3.0 5.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................54

4.9

Human resources ................................................................................................79 Education and training.................................................................................60 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................115 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................44 National tourism perception..............................................................................36 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................66

4.9 4.8 3.5 6.6 5.4 4.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Bahrain T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................32

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........40

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.01 1.05 1.02

Visa requirements ..............................................................85 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................68 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................56 Property rights....................................................................47

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................44

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................86 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............71 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................69

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................9 6.06 International air transport network .....................................28 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................37

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................99 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................54 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................47

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................26 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................29 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................38

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................77

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................18 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................107 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................60

Air transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................46

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................1 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................5 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................7

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................70 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................59 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................55

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................92

Tourism infrastructure

Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.02 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Secondary education enrollment........................................26 Life expectancy ..................................................................45

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................53

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................82 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................47

National tourism perception Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................11

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................91

Natural and cultural resources Human resources

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 11.07 11.06 11.04 11.03 11.05 11.10 11.08

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................107 Hiring and firing practices.................................................104 Local availability of research and training services.............96 Quality of the educational system .....................................79 Extent of staff training........................................................59 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................51 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................104 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................89

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................106 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................83

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Bangladesh Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................141.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................144.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................60.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,011 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................945...................1.5...................5.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................851...................1.2...................3.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,350...................3.7...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,181...................3.0...................2.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................208 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................70 300

138

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

250 200

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

150 100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................120

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................121

3.2 3.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................99 Environmental regulation .................................................................................112 Safety and security ...........................................................................................119 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................105 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................118

3.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................108

2.6

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................114 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................87 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................120 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................112 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................19

2.0 2.8 1.3 1.7 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................116

4.0

Human resources ................................................................................................99 Education and training...............................................................................108 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................73 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................99 National tourism perception............................................................................119 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................92

4.3 3.7 4.2 5.0 3.9 3.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Bangladesh T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................23 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................42

1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................106 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................102 1.02 Property rights....................................................................87

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Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................9 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................16 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................48

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............116 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................110 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................105

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................25

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................118 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................113 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................98

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......116 Physician density..............................................................102 Access to improved drinking water ...................................94 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.04 5.02

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................117 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................112 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 T&T government expenditure ............................................85

139 Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.03 6.06 6.05 6.02

Airport density ..................................................................124 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................120 Departures per 1,000 population......................................113 International air transport network .....................................94 Number of operating airlines..............................................69 Available seat kilometers....................................................58

7.04 7.03 7.01 7.02

Domestic transport network ............................................107 Port infrastructure ..............................................................98 Road infrastructure.............................................................72 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................68

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................116 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................111

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................121 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................115 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................97

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................87

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................112 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................104 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................83

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.03 13.01 13.02

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................119 Nationally protected areas................................................102 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................60

Human resources 11.04 11.05 11.07 11.10 11.03 11.02 11.11 11.09 11.08

Local availability of research and training services...........120 Extent of staff training......................................................115 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................115 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................105 Quality of the educational system ...................................102 Secondary education enrollment........................................97 Life expectancy ..................................................................96 Malaria incidence................................................................82 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Barbados Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................3.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................17,610 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................446.................13.1...................5.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................22.................16.5...................3.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,407.................41.4...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................62.................46.9...................2.8 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ............................548 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............776 800

140

700

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 400 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................29

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................31

4.9 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................27 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................42 Safety and security .............................................................................................35 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................42 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................11

5.2 4.4 5.1 5.4 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................36

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................53 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................41 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................42 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................25 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................33

3.2 4.1 3.8 4.6 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................17

5.4

Human resources ................................................................................................42 Education and training.................................................................................30 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................79 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................49 National tourism perception................................................................................2 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................68

5.3 5.3 4.1 6.6 6.6 4.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Barbados T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................22

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................41 1.02 Property rights....................................................................36 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................34

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................9

Safety and security

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............56 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................55

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................28

Safety and security Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................69 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................43

Health and hygiene

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................2 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................4 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................5

4.02 Physician density................................................................72 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........31

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................12

5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................22

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................6

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................13 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................18

6.05 6.04 6.02 6.06

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................96 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................39 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................12

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.03 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................16 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................26

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................1 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................19 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................26

Number of operating airlines..............................................88 Airport density ....................................................................85 Available seat kilometers....................................................69 International air transport network .....................................36

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................40

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................60

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................79 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................53 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................43

Human resources 11.07 11.08 11.04 11.06 11.05 11.11

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................96 Local availability of research and training services.............77 Hiring and firing practices...................................................60 Extent of staff training........................................................49 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................54 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................37

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Belgium Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................10.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................32.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................371.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................31,244 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................11,127...................2.8...................2.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................142...................3.3...................0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................37,088...................9.4...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................457.................10.6...................1.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................6,747 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........9,863 10,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

142 8,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

6,000

4,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................21

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................24

5.1 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................20 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................18 Safety and security .............................................................................................36 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................2 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................86

5.3 5.4 5.1 6.6 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................29

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................26 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................9 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................33 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................29 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................114

4.0 6.0 4.2 4.4 3.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................4

5.6

Human resources ................................................................................................27 Education and training...................................................................................5 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................114 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................23 National tourism perception..............................................................................59 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................4

5.5 6.1 3.5 6.8 5.0 6.4 1

2

3

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Belgium T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................13 1.02 Property rights....................................................................19 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................20

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................32

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................11

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................32 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............21

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..................................................................1 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................85 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................38 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................32

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................17 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................18

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........21

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 7.02 7.01 7.04

Port infrastructure ................................................................5 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................7 Road infrastructure.............................................................10 Domestic transport network ..............................................15

5.01 5.04 5.03 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................87 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................69 T&T government expenditure ............................................59

6.04 6.02 6.06 6.05

Airport density ....................................................................81 Available seat kilometers....................................................42 International air transport network .....................................31 Number of operating airlines..............................................25

Air transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.03 11.04 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................8 Local availability of research and training services...............9 Extent of staff training........................................................13

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................41 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................35

Natural and cultural resources

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................32 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................29 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................25

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................16 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................19

Tourism infrastructure

ICT infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 10.02 10.04 10.01

Extent and effect of taxation............................................123 Purchasing power parity...................................................109 Fuel price level .................................................................100 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................42

11.06 11.07 11.08 11.11 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................117 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................80 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Life expectancy ..................................................................24 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................22

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................88 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................37 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................32

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................21

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Benin Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................112.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................4.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,176 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators\

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................144...................3.0...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................42...................2.4...................3.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................304...................6.3...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................90...................5.1...................4.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

nternational tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..............................174 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2003 ..............106 200 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

144 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100

50 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................116

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................112

3.3 3.4

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................119 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................76 Safety and security .............................................................................................82 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................113 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................110

3.2 3.8 4.1 3.1 2.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................116

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................122 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................100 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................97 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................113 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................79

1.7 2.5 2.2 1.7 4.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................115

4.0

Human resources ..............................................................................................104 Education and training...............................................................................113 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................25 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................103 National tourism perception..............................................................................79 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................112

4.1 3.5 4.8 3.9 4.6 3.2 1

2

3

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Benin T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................36

Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................37 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................39

1.05 1.03 1.04 1.02 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................115 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................106 Visa requirements ............................................................106 Property rights....................................................................97 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................71

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................47 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................50

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............82 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................78 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................61

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................38 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................40

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................89 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................88

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.01

Physician density..............................................................117 Access to improved sanitation .........................................103 Access to improved drinking water ...................................96 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........65

5.04 5.01 5.03 5.02

T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................89 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................81 T&T government expenditure ............................................64

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.04 6.02 6.03 6.05

International air transport network ...................................120 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................116 Airport density ..................................................................116 Available seat kilometers..................................................110 Departures per 1,000 population......................................108 Number of operating airlines..............................................91

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................111 Domestic transport network ............................................101 Port infrastructure ..............................................................95 Road infrastructure.............................................................90

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................109 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................108 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

Human resources 11.09 11.02 11.05 11.11 11.08 11.04 11.03 11.01 11.10

Malaria incidence..............................................................117 Secondary education enrollment......................................112 Extent of staff training......................................................108 Life expectancy ................................................................106 HIV prevalence .................................................................102 Local availability of research and training services.............98 Quality of the educational system .....................................93 Primary education enrollment ............................................89 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................81

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................107 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................105 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................105

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 10.01 10.04 10.02

Extent and effect of taxation............................................119 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................74 Fuel price level ...................................................................67 Purchasing power parity.....................................................63

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column) National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................88

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................120 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................77

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Bolivia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,098.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................9.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,724 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................274...................2.8...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................79...................2.3...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................750...................7.6...................4.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................219...................6.2...................2.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................504 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............205 600

146

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................109

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................109

3.5 3.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................85 Environmental regulation .................................................................................114 Safety and security ...........................................................................................103 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................98 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................108

4.1 3.0 3.6 3.7 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................101

2.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................68 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................121 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................98 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................98 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................49

2.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................103

4.2

Human resources ................................................................................................91 Education and training.................................................................................90 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................41 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................93 National tourism perception............................................................................113 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................90

4.8 4.2 4.7 5.6 4.0 3.8 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Bolivia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

1.03 1.02 1.01 1.05

Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................119 Property rights..................................................................115 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................110 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................64

Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................3

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................123 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............102 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................89

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................22 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................40

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.06 11.07

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Hiring and firing practices...................................................43 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................47

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................31 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................120 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................96 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................62

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.03 4.02 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......117 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................91 Physician density................................................................71 Access to improved drinking water ...................................70

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................122 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................121 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................62

147 Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.02 6.03

International air transport network ...................................119 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................108 Number of operating airlines..............................................97 Available seat kilometers....................................................75 Departures per 1,000 population........................................61

7.03 7.04 7.01 7.02

Port infrastructure ............................................................123 Domestic transport network ............................................117 Road infrastructure...........................................................112 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................94

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................78 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................67

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................106 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................89 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................89

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................107 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................55

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................117 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................103 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................82

11.03 11.05 11.04 11.10 11.09 11.11 11.02

Quality of the educational system ...................................122 Extent of staff training......................................................116 Local availability of research and training services...........102 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................98 Malaria incidence................................................................93 Life expectancy ..................................................................89 Secondary education enrollment........................................54

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................119 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................103 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................83

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Bosnia and Herzegovina Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................51.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................9.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................6,035 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................333...................3.6...................6.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................33...................2.9...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,099.................11.8...................6.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................109...................9.5...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................213 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............567 600

148

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................104

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................101

3.5 3.6

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................83 Environmental regulation .................................................................................119 Safety and security .............................................................................................75 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................57 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................123

4.2 2.8 4.2 4.8 2.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................94

2.8

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................117 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................114 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................56 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................61 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................92

1.9 2.1 3.3 2.7 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................108

4.1

Human resources ................................................................................................90 Education and training...............................................................................103 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................88 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................51 National tourism perception............................................................................111 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................100

4.8 3.9 3.9 6.6 4.1 3.5 1

2

3

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Bosnia and Herzegovina T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................6

1.02 1.03 1.01 1.05

Property rights..................................................................120 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................114 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................98 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................70

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................38 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................42

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................121 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................117 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............105

Tourism infrastructure Safety and security

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................117 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................81

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................44

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................49

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......111 4.02 Physician density................................................................66

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.04 5.02

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................118 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................117 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 T&T government expenditure ..........................................105

6.02 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.03 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................121 International air transport network ...................................118 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................117 Number of operating airlines..............................................97 Departures per 1,000 population........................................73 Airport density ....................................................................69

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................120 Port infrastructure ............................................................116 Domestic transport network ............................................104 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................90

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................83 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................66

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................81 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................62 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................114 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................92 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................88

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................117 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................90 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................60

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................109 Nationally protected areas................................................104 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................104 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

11.01 11.07 11.02 11.05 11.06 11.04 11.03 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..........................................114 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................106 Secondary education enrollment......................................102 Extent of staff training........................................................95 Hiring and firing practices...................................................73 Local availability of research and training services.............71 Quality of the educational system .....................................63 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................55

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Botswana Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................581.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................10.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................11,410 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................334...................3.3...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................14...................4.6...................2.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................809...................8.0...................4.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................29...................9.6...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..........................1,523 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............562 2,000

150

1,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................70

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................64

4.0 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................59 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................59 Safety and security .............................................................................................55 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................86 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................83

4.7 4.1 4.7 4.1 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................69

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................59 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................66 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................73 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................97 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................16

3.1 3.5 2.7 1.9 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................85

4.5

Human resources ..............................................................................................113 Education and training.................................................................................77 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................109 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................117 National tourism perception..............................................................................28 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................62

3.5 4.5 3.6 2.4 5.6 4.3 1

2

3

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Botswana T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................38

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................96 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................68 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................57 Property rights....................................................................52

Environmental regulation

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................22

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................76 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............54

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........33 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................66 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................25 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................49

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................96 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................96

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................7 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................47

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................78

Ground transport infrastructure Air transport infrastructure

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................16 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................16 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49

6.05 6.02 6.06 6.01

Number of operating airlines............................................122 Available seat kilometers..................................................120 International air transport network .....................................92 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................87

Ground transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................86 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................71 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................55

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................19 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................47

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................71 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................54

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................110 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................91 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................86

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................65

Human resources 11.08 11.11 11.07 11.10 11.09 11.04 11.06 11.02 11.05 11.03

HIV prevalence .................................................................124 Life expectancy ................................................................121 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................116 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................113 Malaria incidence..............................................................104 Local availability of research and training services...........101 Hiring and firing practices...................................................86 Secondary education enrollment........................................78 Extent of staff training........................................................68 Quality of the educational system .....................................57

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................96 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................86

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................80 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................56

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Brazil Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................186.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................8,514.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................795.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................8,561 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................25,278...................2.8...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,337...................2.7...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................60,123...................6.7...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................5,495...................6.4...................2.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................5,358 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,861 6,000

152

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

5,000 4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................59

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................67

4.2 4.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................75 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................46 Safety and security .............................................................................................90 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................72 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................71

4.4 4.4 3.9 4.4 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................48

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................28 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................79 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................28 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................48 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................80

3.9 3.0 4.4 3.2 4.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................67

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................83 Education and training.................................................................................69 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................106 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................71 National tourism perception..............................................................................87 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................42

4.9 4.6 3.7 6.3 4.5 4.7 1

2

3

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Brazil T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................36

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................28 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............50

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.02

Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................89 Visa requirements ..............................................................89 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................81 Property rights....................................................................62

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Safety and security

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................87

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................3

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................111 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................107

Health and hygiene

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.04 6.05 6.03

Available seat kilometers....................................................13 Airport density ....................................................................24 Number of operating airlines..............................................37 Departures per 1,000 population........................................50

4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................40

Tourism infrastructure

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........95 Physician density................................................................74 Access to improved drinking water ...................................64 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................60

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................94 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................85 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................68

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

Air transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................23

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................34

Human resources 11.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............32 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................38

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................40 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................40

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................11 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................42

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................57 6.06 International air transport network .....................................51

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................96 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................88 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................81

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................61

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................58 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................55

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................124 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................85 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................62

Human resources 11.03 11.06 11.09 11.08 11.11 11.07 11.10

Quality of the educational system ...................................114 Hiring and firing practices.................................................111 Malaria incidence................................................................98 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Life expectancy ..................................................................75 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................74 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................64

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................96

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................94 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................64 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................52

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Bulgaria Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................111.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................26.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................9,223 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,320...................4.6...................4.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................117...................4.0..................-0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,576.................16.0...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................400.................13.6..................-0.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................4,837 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,429 5,000

154

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................54

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................66

4.3 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................82 Environmental regulation .................................................................................103 Safety and security ...........................................................................................107 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................27 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................45

4.2 3.2 3.5 5.8 4.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................56

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................76 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................70 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................25 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................50 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................59

2.8 3.3 4.4 3.1 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................41

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................67 Education and training.................................................................................67 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................84 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................48 National tourism perception..............................................................................30 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................43

5.1 4.6 4.0 6.6 5.6 4.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Bulgaria T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.02 Physician density................................................................13

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.02

Ground transport infrastructure

Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................113 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................101 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................93 Property rights....................................................................91

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............107 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................104 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................90

Safety and security

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................17

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................116 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................97 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................95

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................45

Health and hygiene Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................20 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................30 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

ICT infrastructure

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......102

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................83 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................59 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................58

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................35

Air transport infrastructure Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................17 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................39

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.08 11.09 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................44

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................13 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................41

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................21

6.06 6.01 6.03 6.02 6.05

International air transport network .....................................99 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................92 Departures per 1,000 population........................................78 Available seat kilometers....................................................76 Number of operating airlines..............................................54

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................97 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................71 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................86 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................53

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................98 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................81

Human resources 11.05 11.07 11.03 11.04 11.06 11.11

Extent of staff training......................................................113 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................91 Quality of the educational system .....................................83 Local availability of research and training services.............80 Hiring and firing practices...................................................76 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................93

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................105 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................103 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................81

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Burkina Faso Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................13.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................274.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,285 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................69...................1.2...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24...................0.9...................2.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................194...................3.2...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................67...................2.6...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................222 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2001 ................20 250

156

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................113

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................102

3.4 3.6

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................105 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................57 Safety and security .............................................................................................65 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................120 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................103

3.7 4.2 4.5 2.6 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................115

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................119 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................103 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................109 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................110 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................67

1.8 2.4 1.9 1.7 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................106

4.2

Human resources ..............................................................................................117 Education and training...............................................................................124 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................46 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................114 National tourism perception..............................................................................12 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................114

3.2 2.2 4.6 2.8 6.2 3.2 1

2

3

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Burkina Faso T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................31 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................45

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................120 1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................106 1.02 Property rights....................................................................68

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................31

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................67 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............61

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........49

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................40

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................66 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................65 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................55

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Health and hygiene

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................31

Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................35

4.02 Physician density..............................................................115 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................110 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................107

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................1

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................11 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................38

5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................91 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................72

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.02 6.01 6.05 6.03 6.04

International air transport network ...................................117 Available seat kilometers..................................................115 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................111 Number of operating airlines............................................109 Departures per 1,000 population......................................105 Airport density ..................................................................100

7.03 7.01 7.04 7.02

Port infrastructure ............................................................111 Road infrastructure...........................................................105 Domestic transport network ..............................................97 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................77

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................103 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................116 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................115 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................93

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................86 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................80 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................57

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................66

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................120 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................58

11.01 11.02 11.03 11.09 11.11 11.08 11.05 11.10 11.04 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..........................................122 Secondary education enrollment......................................119 Quality of the educational system ...................................115 Malaria incidence..............................................................115 Life expectancy ................................................................111 HIV prevalence .................................................................109 Extent of staff training......................................................106 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................104 Local availability of research and training services.............91 Hiring and firing practices...................................................63

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Burundi Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................27.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................0.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................739 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................0.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................22...................2.2...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................28...................1.7...................1.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................43...................4.3...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................55...................3.4...................2.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................148 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..................2 150

158

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

120 90

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

60 30 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................123

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................123

2.9 2.8

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................122 Environmental regulation .................................................................................118 Safety and security ...........................................................................................108 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................111 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................124

2.9 2.8 3.5 3.2 1.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................123

2.3

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................123 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................117 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................111 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................123 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................66

1.6 2.1 1.9 1.5 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................122

3.5

Human resources ..............................................................................................119 Education and training...............................................................................120 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................43 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................119 National tourism perception..............................................................................98 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................120

3.1 2.6 4.6 2.1 4.4 3.0 1

2

3

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Burundi T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................3

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................34

1.02 1.04 1.01 1.05 1.03

Property rights..................................................................119 Visa requirements ............................................................113 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................107 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................106 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................95

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Natural and cultural resources Environmental regulation

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................35

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................118 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............114 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................112

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................111 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................96 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................90

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.03 4.04

Physician density..............................................................119 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......109 Access to improved sanitation .........................................101 Access to improved drinking water ...................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................123 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................123 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 T&T government expenditure ..........................................109

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.02 6.01 6.05 6.04 6.03

International air transport network ...................................123 Available seat kilometers..................................................122 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................121 Number of operating airlines............................................116 Airport density ..................................................................114 Departures per 1,000 population......................................104

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................117 Domestic transport network ............................................116 Port infrastructure ............................................................107 Road infrastructure...........................................................106

Ground transport infrastructure

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

Human resources 11.04 11.09 11.05 11.01 11.02 11.11 11.10 11.08 11.03 11.07

Local availability of research and training services...........123 Malaria incidence..............................................................123 Extent of staff training......................................................122 Primary education enrollment ..........................................118 Secondary education enrollment......................................118 Life expectancy ................................................................117 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................114 HIV prevalence .................................................................113 Quality of the educational system ...................................105 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................60

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................80 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................77 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................72

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.01 13.05 13.03

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................115 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................122 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................120 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................119

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................102 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................97 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................56

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Cambodia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................14.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................181.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................6.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,399 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................13.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................492...................8.5...................7.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................453...................6.5...................5.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,136.................19.6...................7.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,072.................15.4...................4.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,422 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............840 1,500

160

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................96

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................90

3.6 3.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................93 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................73 Safety and security .............................................................................................98 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................122 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................7

3.8 3.8 3.7 2.2 5.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................103

2.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................89 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................82 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................122 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................111 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................18

2.5 2.9 1.1 1.7 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................87

4.5

Human resources ..............................................................................................105 Education and training...............................................................................107 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................65 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................101 National tourism perception..............................................................................32 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................91

4.1 3.7 4.3 4.2 5.5 3.7 1

2

3

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Cambodia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................40

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................7 T&T government expenditure ............................................11 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................30 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................5 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................28 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49

Human resources

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.01 1.03

Property rights....................................................................96 Visa requirements ..............................................................94 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................83 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................76 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................62

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TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................96 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............75

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................100 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................91 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................87

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

Health and hygiene National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................17 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................32

4.04 4.03 4.02 4.01

Access to improved drinking water .................................112 Access to improved sanitation .........................................109 Physician density..............................................................105 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........76

6.04 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.05

Airport density ..................................................................109 Available seat kilometers....................................................89 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................80 International air transport network .....................................80 Number of operating airlines..............................................69

7.02 7.04 7.01 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................97 Domestic transport network ..............................................84 Road infrastructure.............................................................77 Port infrastructure ..............................................................69

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................4 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................19

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................121 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................104 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................91

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................123 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................120 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................94

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................64

Human resources 11.10 11.02 11.08 11.11 11.09 11.04 11.05 11.03 11.06 11.07

Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................123 Secondary education enrollment......................................108 HIV prevalence .................................................................105 Life expectancy ................................................................104 Malaria incidence..............................................................102 Local availability of research and training services.............95 Extent of staff training........................................................89 Quality of the educational system .....................................81 Hiring and firing practices...................................................68 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................62

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................51

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................106 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

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Cameroon Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................475.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................17.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,421 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................274...................1.6...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................56...................1.4...................2.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................801...................4.8...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................163...................4.0...................2.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................190 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2003 ..............114 300

162

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

250 200

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

150 100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................118

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................119

3.3 3.2

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................111 Environmental regulation .................................................................................116 Safety and security .............................................................................................89 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................110 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................119

3.4 2.9 4.0 3.2 2.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................122

2.4

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................120 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................113 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................89 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................122 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................100

1.8 2.2 2.3 1.5 4.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................102

4.2

Human resources ..............................................................................................103 Education and training...............................................................................105 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................37 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................102 National tourism perception..............................................................................24 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................123

4.2 3.8 4.7 4.0 5.7 2.8 1

2

3

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Cameroon T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................29

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................45

1.04 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.01

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Property rights..................................................................105 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................92 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................60 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................58

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Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................37

Natural and cultural resources

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................113 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............112 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................112

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................18

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................100 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................92

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.01 4.03

Physician density..............................................................104 Access to improved drinking water ...................................98 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........88 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................115 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................114 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 T&T government expenditure ............................................94

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.06 6.03 6.04 6.02 6.05

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................122 International air transport network ...................................116 Departures per 1,000 population......................................102 Airport density ....................................................................95 Available seat kilometers....................................................91 Number of operating airlines..............................................81

7.01 7.04 7.03 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................121 Domestic transport network ............................................114 Port infrastructure ............................................................103 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................87

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................107 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................121 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................117 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................108

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................113 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................108 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................75

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................91 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................77

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.01 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................120 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................110 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Nationally protected areas..................................................81

Human resources 11.08 11.05 11.11 11.09 11.02 11.04 11.10 11.03 11.07

HIV prevalence .................................................................115 Extent of staff training......................................................112 Life expectancy ................................................................108 Malaria incidence..............................................................107 Secondary education enrollment......................................103 Local availability of research and training services.............97 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................93 Quality of the educational system .....................................88 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................55

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Canada Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................32.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,984.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................1,132.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................34,273 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................41,458...................3.5...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................677...................4.1...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................131,829.................11.1...................3.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,942.................11.9...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................18,612 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........13,584 20,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

164 15,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

10,000

5,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................7

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................15

5.3 5.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................16 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................19 Safety and security .............................................................................................21 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................38 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................32

5.5 5.4 5.4 5.7 4.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................4

5.2

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................2 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................13 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................16 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................4 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................110

5.7 5.7 5.3 5.8 3.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................16

5.4

Human resources ................................................................................................12 Education and training.................................................................................16 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................67 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................9 National tourism perception..............................................................................76 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................11

5.7 5.9 4.2 6.9 4.7 5.9 1

2

3

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5

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Canada T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................10

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.04 1.01 1.02

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................50 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................28 Property rights....................................................................20

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................26 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............18 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................15

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................8 6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................9 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................9

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................74 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................29 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................14

Tourism infrastructure Health and hygiene

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................7 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................9 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................9

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.10 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................5 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

4.02 Physician density................................................................48 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........41

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................61 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................46 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................42

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................31 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................17 6.06 International air transport network .....................................13

Ground transport infrastructure

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................7

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

7.01 7.03 7.02 7.04

Road infrastructure.............................................................16 Port infrastructure ..............................................................16 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................14 Domestic transport network ..............................................13

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................16 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................15

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04

Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................117 Purchasing power parity...................................................100 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................66 Fuel price level ...................................................................63

11.07 11.08 11.06 11.05 11.03 11.04

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................98 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62 Hiring and firing practices...................................................44 Extent of staff training........................................................24 Quality of the educational system .....................................14 Local availability of research and training services.............13

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................83 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................59

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.03 13.01 13.04

Carbon dioxide damage......................................................49 Nationally protected areas..................................................41 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................15 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................15

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Chad Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,284.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,519 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................12.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................33...................0.6...................8.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................8...................0.5...................4.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................248...................4.3...................6.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................66...................3.5...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ...............................29 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2002 ................25 60

166

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

50 40

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

30 20 10 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................124

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................124

2.7 2.5

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................123 Environmental regulation .................................................................................123 Safety and security ...........................................................................................120 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................123 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................117

2.8 2.6 3.0 1.8 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................124

1.8

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................124 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................124 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................117 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................124 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................123

1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 3.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................120

3.7

Human resources ..............................................................................................120 Education and training...............................................................................123 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................105 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................111 National tourism perception..............................................................................37 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................122

3.0 2.3 3.7 3.0 5.3 2.8 1

2

3

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Chad T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................46

1.03 1.02 1.04 1.01 1.05

Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................123 Property rights..................................................................122 Visa requirements ............................................................113 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................100 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................67

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................48

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............124 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................121 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................108

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................119 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................118 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................100

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.04 4.03

Physician density..............................................................117 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......115 Access to improved drinking water .................................112 Access to improved sanitation .........................................111

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................119 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................116

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.02 6.03 6.04

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................124 International air transport network ...................................124 Number of operating airlines............................................121 Available seat kilometers..................................................118 Departures per 1,000 population......................................110 Airport density ....................................................................73

7.01 7.04 7.03 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................124 Domestic transport network ............................................122 Port infrastructure ............................................................119 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................106

Ground transport infrastructure

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Tourism infrastructure Rank/124

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................112

Human resources 11.05 11.03 11.01 11.02 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.06

Extent of staff training......................................................123 Quality of the educational system ...................................121 Primary education enrollment ..........................................120 Secondary education enrollment......................................117 Local availability of research and training services...........116 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................115 Life expectancy ................................................................114 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................113 HIV prevalence .................................................................111 Malaria incidence..............................................................110 Hiring and firing practices...................................................83

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................116 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................93

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................121 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................120 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................124 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................124 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................117

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................123 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................111 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................97

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Chile Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................756.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................115.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................11,937 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,751...................2.2...................3.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................148...................2.5...................1.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,685...................6.0...................3.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................369...................6.3...................1.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................2,027 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,256 2,500

168

2,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000 500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................45

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................38

4.6 4.8

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................7 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................36 Safety and security .............................................................................................30 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................51 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................73

5.7 4.6 5.2 5.0 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................42

3.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................41 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................30 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................61 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................41 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................69

3.6 4.6 3.1 3.5 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................47

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................24 Education and training.................................................................................41 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................35 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................30 National tourism perception..............................................................................92 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................32

5.5 5.1 4.7 6.8 4.4 5.1 1

2

3

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Chile T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.02

Rank/124

Environmental regulation

Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................8 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................11 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................12 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 Property rights....................................................................30

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................73

Environmental regulation

4.02 4.01 4.03 4.04

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................55

Health and hygiene 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................27 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............37

Physician density................................................................77 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........53 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................45 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................20 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................31

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................93 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................77 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................39

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.04 6.01 6.02 6.03

Air transport infrastructure

6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................68

International air transport network .....................................16 Airport density ....................................................................21 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................29 Available seat kilometers....................................................38 Departures per 1,000 population........................................42

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................58

Ground transport infrastructure

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................58 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................52

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................23 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................26 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................31

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................58

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................26 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................41

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................102 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................73 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................56

10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................30

Human resources Human resources 11.01 11.07 11.10 11.11 11.04 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................25 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................29 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Local availability of research and training services.............31 Extent of staff training........................................................34

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................17 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................23

11.03 11.06 11.08 11.02

Quality of the educational system .....................................76 Hiring and firing practices...................................................62 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62 Secondary education enrollment........................................53

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................92 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................74 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................60

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................66 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

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China Key indicators Population (millions), 2005.......................................................................1,304.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,598.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................2,234.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,198 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................10.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................63,424...................2.9...................8.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................17,383...................2.3...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................301,154.................13.7...................8.5 Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................77,600.................10.2...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................46,809 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........29,296 50,000

170

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

40,000 30,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

20,000 10,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................71

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................78

4.0 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................97 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................88 Safety and security .............................................................................................83 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................84 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................33

3.8 3.5 4.1 4.1 4.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................61

3.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................36 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................45 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................113 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................63 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................11

3.8 4.0 1.7 2.6 5.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................93

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................74 Education and training.................................................................................72 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................58 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................79 National tourism perception............................................................................120 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................60

5.0 4.6 4.4 6.0 3.8 4.4 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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China T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................42

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........24

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.04 1.01 1.02

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................97 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................81 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............76

Safety and security

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................2 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................12

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................105 Visa requirements ..............................................................94 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................87 Property rights....................................................................82

Environmental regulation

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................44 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................49

Rank/124

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3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................104 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................70 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................64

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................33 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................45

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.01 10.04 10.03

Purchasing power parity.....................................................15 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................21 Fuel price level ...................................................................27 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................46

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................94 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................89 4.02 Physician density................................................................79

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................57

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.04 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Local availability of research and training services.............46 Hiring and firing practices...................................................50

6.04 6.01 6.06 6.03

Airport density ..................................................................121 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................89 International air transport network .....................................89 Departures per 1,000 population........................................84

Ground transport infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................3

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................64 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................55

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................87 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................85

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................75 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................75 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................52

Human resources 11.10 11.03 11.02 11.05 11.07 11.11

Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................92 Quality of the educational system .....................................87 Secondary education enrollment........................................83 Extent of staff training........................................................76 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................73 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................122 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................112 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................78

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.05 13.04 13.03

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................104 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................91 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................85 Nationally protected areas..................................................56

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Colombia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................45.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,138.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................122.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,326 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,793...................2.1...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................374...................2.0...................2.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,129...................6.2...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,038...................5.5...................3.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................933 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,218 1,500

172

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................72

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................69

4.0 4.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................41 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................58 Safety and security ...........................................................................................105 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................55 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................98

5.0 4.1 3.5 4.9 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................77

3.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................50 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................86 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................79 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................67 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................71

3.3 2.8 2.5 2.5 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................78

4.6

Human resources ................................................................................................58 Education and training.................................................................................66 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................51 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................63 National tourism perception..............................................................................89 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................72

5.2 4.6 4.5 6.4 4.5 4.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Colombia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................40

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................67 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................65 1.02 Property rights....................................................................58

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulationF

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................45

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.02 6.03 6.05 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................21 Available seat kilometers....................................................43 Departures per 1,000 population........................................45 Number of operating airlines..............................................50 International air transport network .....................................50

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................18 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................37

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................74 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............59

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................122 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................101 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................53

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........66 Physician density................................................................64 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................52

5.02 5.04 5.01 5.03

T&T government expenditure ............................................90 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................78 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................67

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................49 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................49

Natural and cultural resources

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................44

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................53

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.03 7.04

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................107 Road infrastructure.............................................................87 Port infrastructure ..............................................................82 Domestic transport network ..............................................62

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................78 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................59

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................71 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................67 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................65

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................113 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................109

Human resources 11.09 11.08 11.02 11.04 11.05 11.10 11.06 11.03

Malaria incidence................................................................99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Secondary education enrollment........................................79 Local availability of research and training services.............70 Extent of staff training........................................................67 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................62 Hiring and firing practices...................................................58 Quality of the educational system .....................................56

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................75 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................72 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................63

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................97 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................66 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................64

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Costa Rica Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................51.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................20.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................10,434 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,375...................7.1...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................120...................7.3...................3.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,227.................16.7...................4.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................268.................16.4...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,679 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,570 2,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

174 1,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000

500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................41

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................39

4.6 4.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................17 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................35 Safety and security .............................................................................................67 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................50 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................34

5.4 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................52

3.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................44 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................93 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................36 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................45 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................42

3.5 2.6 4.1 3.3 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................20

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................28 Education and training.................................................................................45 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................34 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................34 National tourism perception..............................................................................39 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................28

5.5 5.1 4.7 6.7 5.3 5.2 1

2

3

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4

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Costa Rica T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................9 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................27

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................59 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................45

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................31

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................60 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............41

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................13

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................93 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................22 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................38

Air transport infrastructure

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.03 4.04

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................11 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................38

Physician density................................................................68 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........67 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................45 Access to improved drinking water ...................................42

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................52

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................32

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................40

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.01 6.02 6.06

Number of operating airlines..............................................74 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................68 Available seat kilometers....................................................65 International air transport network .....................................46

7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04

Road infrastructure...........................................................108 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................105 Port infrastructure ............................................................102 Domestic transport network ..............................................61

Ground transport infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................40

Human resources 11.01 11.10 11.11 11.05 11.03 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................28 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Extent of staff training........................................................31 Quality of the educational system .....................................40 Local availability of research and training services.............40

National tourism perception

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................60

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................63 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................43

12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................17 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................30

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................12 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................28 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................84 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................52 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................47

Human resources 11.02 11.09 11.08 11.07 11.06

Secondary education enrollment........................................80 Malaria incidence................................................................80 HIV prevalence ...................................................................78 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................44 Hiring and firing practices...................................................42

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................44

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

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Croatia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................56.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................38.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,325 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,613...................9.2...................8.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................121.................10.6...................4.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,849.................20.1...................8.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................262.................23.1...................4.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................8,467 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........7,463 10,000

176

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

8,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

4,000 2,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................38

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................58

4.7 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................72 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................52 Safety and security .............................................................................................63 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................66 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................57

4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................40

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................80 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................46 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................11 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................34 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................96

2.7 4.0 5.7 3.8 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................11

5.5

Human resources ................................................................................................54 Education and training.................................................................................56 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................71 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................45 National tourism perception................................................................................4 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................36

5.2 4.9 4.2 6.6 6.5 4.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

5

6

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Croatia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................27

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.05

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................37 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................37

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................94 Property rights....................................................................81 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................74 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................45

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........37

Rank/124

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2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............52 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................52 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................48

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................77 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................63

Ground transport infrastructure Health and hygiene

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................37

4.02 Physician density................................................................41

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................9 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................22

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................99

Air transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................30

Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............34

6.02 6.06 6.05 6.01 6.03 6.04

Available seat kilometers....................................................88 International air transport network .....................................86 Number of operating airlines..............................................72 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................70 Departures per 1,000 population........................................49 Airport density ....................................................................39

Ground transport infrastructure National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................3 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................26 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................30

7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................72 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................51 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................43

ICT infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................58 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................38

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.03 10.02 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................108 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................85 Purchasing power parity.....................................................84 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................40

11.01 11.07 11.05 11.02 11.10 11.06 11.03 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..........................................109 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................89 Extent of staff training........................................................61 Secondary education enrollment........................................57 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................57 Hiring and firing practices...................................................54 Quality of the educational system .....................................53 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

13.02 13.03 13.04 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage......................................................65 Nationally protected areas..................................................58 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................51 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

Human resources

Natural and cultural resources

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Cyprus Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................9.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................16.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................21,177 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,844.................10.7...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................57.................15.0...................0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,021.................23.3...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................113.................29.7...................0.8 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................2,470 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,318 3,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

178 2,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000

1,500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................20

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................29

5.1 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................49 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................53 Safety and security .............................................................................................34 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................36 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................4

4.9 4.3 5.2 5.7 5.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................23

4.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................34 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................51 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................5 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................31 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................72

3.8 3.8 6.1 4.3 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................3

5.6

Human resources ................................................................................................49 Education and training.................................................................................42 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................101 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................10 National tourism perception................................................................................5 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................31

5.2 5.1 3.7 6.9 6.5 5.1 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Cyprus T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................111 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................80 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................57 Property rights....................................................................29

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................3 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................10 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................18

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................59 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............57 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................25

Safety and security Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................19

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................69 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................37 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................25

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................1 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................18

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........51 4.02 Physician density................................................................43

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................16

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

Air transport infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................19

Human resources 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11

HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................6 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................2 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................16

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

6.02 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.04

Available seat kilometers....................................................62 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................52 International air transport network .....................................48 Number of operating airlines..............................................38 Airport density ....................................................................26

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................124 Domestic transport network ..............................................75 Port infrastructure ..............................................................32 Road infrastructure.............................................................22

Ground transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................47 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................33

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................98 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................88 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................22

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.07 11.05 11.04 11.02 11.03

Primary education enrollment ............................................96 Hiring and firing practices...................................................94 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................93 Extent of staff training........................................................70 Local availability of research and training services.............65 Secondary education enrollment........................................32 Quality of the educational system .....................................26

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................45

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................47 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................40

179

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Czech Republic Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................10.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................78.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................124.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................18,341 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,775...................2.2...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................109...................2.3...................0.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................17,490.................13.6...................5.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................601.................12.6...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................6,336 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,631 8,000

180

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

7,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................35

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................40

4.8 4.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................32 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................31 Safety and security .............................................................................................52 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................44 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................52

5.2 4.8 4.7 5.3 4.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................37

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................48 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................38 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................23 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................26 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................101

3.4 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................22

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................26 Education and training.................................................................................23 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................78 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................28 National tourism perception..............................................................................77 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................12

5.5 5.6 4.1 6.8 4.6 5.8 1

2

3

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Czech Republic T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................6 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................10 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................31

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................64 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................19

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................68 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............35

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................28

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................73 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................49

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene

4.02 Physician density................................................................16

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........35

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................30 6.06 International air transport network .....................................33

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................95 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................79 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................49

Air transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................22 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................27

6.02 6.03 6.01 6.04

Available seat kilometers....................................................53 Departures per 1,000 population........................................48 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................45 Airport density ....................................................................45

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................28

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................67 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................50

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................20 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................20

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................38

ICT infrastructure

Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.04 11.08 11.10 11.05 11.03 11.07

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Local availability of research and training services.............20 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................25 Extent of staff training........................................................29 Quality of the educational system .....................................30 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................30

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................37

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.03 10.02 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................100 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................89 Purchasing power parity.....................................................80 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................67

Human resources Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.01 13.03 13.04

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................19 Nationally protected areas..................................................24 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................25

11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................102 11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................39 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................36

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................108 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................50 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................48

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................86

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Denmark Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................43.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................259.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................34,740 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,151...................3.0...................1.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................83...................3.0 .................–0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................21,476...................8.0...................1.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................223...................8.1 .................–1.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................4,562 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,943 6,000

182

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

5,000 4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

3,000 2,000 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................11

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................8

5.3 5.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................10 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................1 Safety and security ...............................................................................................8 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................16 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................80

5.6 6.1 6.0 6.1 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................16

4.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................17 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................7 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................22 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................10 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................124

4.6 6.2 4.6 5.4 2.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................9

5.6

Human resources ..................................................................................................4 Education and training...................................................................................3 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................15 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................22 National tourism perception..............................................................................69 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................7

6.1 6.2 5.2 6.8 4.7 6.0 1

2

3

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Denmark T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................3

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................1 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................2

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.03 1.05 1.01

Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................18 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................17 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................15

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Safety and security

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................22

3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................3 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................5

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................75

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........10

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................32

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Air transport infrastructure 6.06 International air transport network .......................................8 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................9

5.04 5.02 5.01 5.03

T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 T&T government expenditure ............................................73 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................66 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................41

6.02 6.04 6.05 6.03

Available seat kilometers....................................................33 Airport density ....................................................................33 Number of operating airlines..............................................19 Departures per 1,000 population........................................14

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...............................................................5 Port infrastructure ................................................................6 Domestic transport network ................................................7 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................8

Air transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................6 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................10

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.05 11.03 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................2 Quality of the educational system .......................................5 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................8

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................3 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................8

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................34 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................17

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................17

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................119 Purchasing power parity...................................................117 Extent and effect of taxation............................................116 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................68

11.07 11.08 11.11 11.10 11.04

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................52 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Life expectancy ..................................................................24 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................12 Local availability of research and training services.............11

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................114 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................52 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................31

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................12

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Dominican Republic Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................48.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................29.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,627 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,090...................6.6...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................208...................5.8...................4.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,705.................21.3...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................656.................18.4...................4.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,691 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,508 4,000

184

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,500 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,500 2,000 1,500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................50

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................51

4.3 4.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................14 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................72 Safety and security .............................................................................................87 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................79 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................18

5.5 3.8 4.1 4.2 5.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................71

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................63 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................71 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................39 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................79 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................104

3.0 3.2 3.9 2.3 3.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................29

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................57 Education and training.................................................................................91 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................8 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................82 National tourism perception..............................................................................21 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................45

5.2 4.1 5.5 6.0 5.9 4.6 1

2

3

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Dominican Republic T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.04

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................4 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................29 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................29 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................75

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TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............74 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................70 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................66

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................10

Safety and security Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................49

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................103 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................99

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

Health and hygiene

T&T government expenditure ..............................................1 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................32 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................45 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......123 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................78 4.02 Physician density................................................................57

Air transport infrastructure

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................114 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................86

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.02

International air transport network .....................................29 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................34 Number of operating airlines..............................................44 Available seat kilometers....................................................48

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................37

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................116 Domestic transport network ..............................................80 Port infrastructure ..............................................................54 Road infrastructure.............................................................51

Tourism infrastructure Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................62

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49

ICT infrastructure Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................10 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................10

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................81 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................76 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................66

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................8 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................12 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................42

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................122 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................92 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................55

Human resources Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................2

11.03 11.08 11.05 11.04 11.02 11.11 11.09 11.10

Quality of the educational system ...................................117 HIV prevalence ...................................................................98 Extent of staff training........................................................90 Local availability of research and training services.............89 Secondary education enrollment........................................87 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Malaria incidence................................................................78 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................76

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................90 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................88 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

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Ecuador Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................13.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................283.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................36.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,316 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................632...................1.9...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................85...................1.6...................3.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,696...................7.9...................3.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................348...................6.8...................3.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................861 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............486 1,000

186

800

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................97

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................98

3.6 3.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................77 Environmental regulation .................................................................................107 Safety and security ...........................................................................................102 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................80 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................96

4.3 3.1 3.6 4.1 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................90

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................82 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................97 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................94 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................85 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................45

2.7 2.6 2.2 2.1 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................94

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................96 Education and training...............................................................................101 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................113 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................78 National tourism perception..............................................................................86 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................74

4.5 4.0 3.5 6.0 4.5 4.1 1

2

3

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Ecuador T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................33

1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................116 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................112 1.02 Property rights..................................................................110

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Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................49

Air transport infrastructure

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............111 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................109 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................93

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................38

Safety and security Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................12

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................110 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................110 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................58

Human resources Health and hygiene

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................21

4.01 4.04 4.02 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......124 Access to improved drinking water ...................................67 Physician density................................................................62 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................113 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................103

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.03 6.02

International air transport network .....................................84 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................71 Number of operating airlines..............................................71 Departures per 1,000 population........................................69 Available seat kilometers....................................................60

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................120 Domestic transport network ............................................100 Port infrastructure ..............................................................84 Road infrastructure.............................................................82

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................89 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................60

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................90 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................86 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................76

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................91 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................81 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................72

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................92 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................64 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................60

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.02 13.01

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................98 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................96 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................74 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55

11.03 11.06 11.07 11.05 11.09 11.02 11.04 11.10 11.08 11.11

Quality of the educational system ...................................119 Hiring and firing practices.................................................105 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................105 Extent of staff training......................................................104 Malaria incidence................................................................96 Secondary education enrollment........................................93 Local availability of research and training services.............90 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................87 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Egypt Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................74.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,001.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................89.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,317 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,374...................7.9...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,313...................6.7...................1.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................15,850.................15.0...................5.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,472.................12.6...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................8,244 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........6,851 10,000

188

8,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

4,000 2,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................58

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................50

4.2 4.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................69 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................75 Safety and security .............................................................................................64 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................69 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................12

4.6 3.8 4.5 4.5 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................60

3.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................49 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................58 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................85 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................74 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................5

3.3 3.7 2.4 2.4 5.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................68

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................69 Education and training.................................................................................76 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................70 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................61 National tourism perception..............................................................................85 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................55

5.1 4.5 4.2 6.4 4.6 4.5 1

2

3

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Egypt T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................36

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.02

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............93 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................92

Safety and security

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................38

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................102

Health and hygiene

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 5.02 5.01 5.03

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................96 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................85 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................64 Property rights....................................................................57

Environmental regulation

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................45 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................48

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 T&T government expenditure ............................................19 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................30 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................36

4.02 Physician density................................................................91 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................66 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........59

Air transport infrastructure

6.04 Airport density ..................................................................111 6.06 International air transport network .....................................68 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................56

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................26 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................35

Ground transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................44 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................47

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................64 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................61

Tourism infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.01 10.03

Fuel price level .....................................................................2 Purchasing power parity.....................................................28 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................30 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................36

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................87 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................70 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

Human resources

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................82 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................69 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................65

ICT infrastructure 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.07 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................27 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................43

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................46

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................46

Human resources 11.03 11.06 11.05 11.04 11.11 11.02

Quality of the educational system ...................................104 Hiring and firing practices...................................................97 Extent of staff training........................................................83 Local availability of research and training services.............79 Life expectancy ..................................................................79 Secondary education enrollment........................................60

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................106 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................79

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................100 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................78

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El Salvador Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................21.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................17.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,518 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.8 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................634...................3.6...................2.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................89...................3.1...................2.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,509...................8.5...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................209...................7.4...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,154 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............543 1,200

190

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000 800

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................77

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................75

3.9 4.0

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................9 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................63 Safety and security ...........................................................................................118 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................73 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................100

5.6 4.0 3.1 4.3 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................66

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................57 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................63 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................78 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................66 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................36

3.2 3.5 2.6 2.5 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................98

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................41 Education and training.................................................................................81 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................14 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................66 National tourism perception............................................................................102 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................103

5.3 4.4 5.2 6.3 4.4 3.4 1

2

3

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El Salvador T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................1 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................27 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................67 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................52

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.06 6.03 6.04

Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................25 International air transport network .....................................30 Departures per 1,000 population........................................37 Airport density ....................................................................46

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................31

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............69 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................69 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................53

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................122 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................109 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................80

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................1 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................26 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................45

Health and hygiene 4.04 4.03 4.02 4.01

Access to improved drinking water ...................................78 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................72 Physician density................................................................70 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........69

5.04 5.03 5.02 5.01

T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................76 T&T government expenditure ............................................73 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................9 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................21

Natural and cultural resources

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................34

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................106 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................74

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................114 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................70 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................57

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................98 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................84 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................71 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................68 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................53

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................119

Human resources 11.02 11.08 11.04 11.03 11.11 11.05 11.10

Secondary education enrollment........................................94 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Local availability of research and training services.............74 Quality of the educational system .....................................66 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Extent of staff training........................................................63 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................61

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................105 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................79 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................61

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 13.01 13.05 13.04

Nationally protected areas................................................105 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................64

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Estonia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................45.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................13.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................16,414 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.8 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................479...................3.5...................7.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................22...................3.1...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,199.................16.0...................7.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................97.................13.9...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,900 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............951 2,000

192

1,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................28

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................32

4.9 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................47 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................32 Safety and security .............................................................................................28 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................30 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................28

4.9 4.8 5.3 5.7 4.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................25

4.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................56 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................31 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................21 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................19 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................34

3.2 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................34

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................30 Education and training.................................................................................24 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................60 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................62 National tourism perception..............................................................................31 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................49

5.4 5.6 4.4 6.4 5.5 4.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Estonia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................9 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................26 1.02 Property rights....................................................................27

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................117 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..................................................................2

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................45 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................36 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............28

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Safety and security

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................13

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................26

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................38 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................33 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................33

Health and hygiene

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................25

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................19 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................21

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................56 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................42

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................3 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................16

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................13

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.05 6.06 6.01 6.03

Human resources 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............26 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................27

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................56 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................36 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................33

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................21 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................27

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................27

Available seat kilometers..................................................103 Number of operating airlines..............................................88 International air transport network .....................................53 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................44 Departures per 1,000 population........................................41

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................36

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................86 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................74 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................32

Human resources 11.08 11.01 11.07 11.11 11.10 11.06 11.03 11.02

HIV prevalence ...................................................................90 Primary education enrollment ............................................79 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................77 Life expectancy ..................................................................53 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................50 Hiring and firing practices...................................................48 Quality of the educational system .....................................31 Secondary education enrollment........................................29

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................45

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................101 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................37

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Ethiopia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................71.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,104.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................11.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................823 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................525...................5.5...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................788...................4.2...................2.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,029.................10.7...................4.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,570...................8.3...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................210 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............168 250

194

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................117

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................120

3.3 3.1

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................115 Environmental regulation .................................................................................111 Safety and security .............................................................................................58 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................124 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................102

3.3 3.0 4.6 1.7 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................110

2.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................94 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................118 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................118 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................119 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................13

2.4 2.1 1.4 1.6 5.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................111

4.1

Human resources ..............................................................................................112 Education and training...............................................................................119 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................87 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................104 National tourism perception............................................................................101 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................61

3.6 2.9 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Ethiopia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................6 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................26 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................29

1.01 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.05

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................115 Visa requirements ............................................................106 Property rights....................................................................99 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................87 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................55

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................41

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............118 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................116 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................105

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................23 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................61 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................60 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................57

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................119 Access to improved drinking water .................................114 Access to improved sanitation .........................................112 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........92

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................106 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................99 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................78

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.03 6.05 6.06 6.02 6.01

Airport density ..................................................................111 Departures per 1,000 population........................................95 Number of operating airlines..............................................94 International air transport network .....................................75 Available seat kilometers....................................................71 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................64

7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Port infrastructure ............................................................120 Domestic transport network ............................................111 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................110 Road infrastructure.............................................................99

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................115 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................122 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................114 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................112

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................59

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................101 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................87

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................118 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................71

11.01 11.05 11.10 11.02 11.04 11.08 11.11 11.09 11.07 11.03 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..........................................119 Extent of staff training......................................................119 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................111 Secondary education enrollment......................................110 Local availability of research and training services...........110 HIV prevalence .................................................................110 Life expectancy ................................................................108 Malaria incidence..............................................................103 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................97 Quality of the educational system .....................................95 Hiring and firing practices...................................................74

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

195

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Finland Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................338.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................196.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................31,208 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,385...................3.2...................2.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................78...................3.2...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................18,307...................9.1...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................234...................9.7...................0.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,140 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,186 3,500

196

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,000 2,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,500 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................16

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................7

5.2 5.6

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................15 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................5 Safety and security ...............................................................................................1 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................6 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................65

5.5 6.0 6.5 6.3 3.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................18

4.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................19 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................10 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................29 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................15 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................117

4.6 5.9 4.3 5.2 3.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................33

5.2

Human resources ..................................................................................................8 Education and training...................................................................................2 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................57 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................13 National tourism perception............................................................................109 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................18

5.9 6.3 4.4 6.9 4.2 5.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Finland T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................8 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................11 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................14

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................34

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Health and hygiene Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................5 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................6 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................11

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................1 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................1 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................2

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........2

4.02 Physician density................................................................26

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.02 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................100 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................68 T&T government expenditure ............................................62 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................54 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................45 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................19

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................19

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 International air transport network .......................................9 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................10 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................13

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................32 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................23

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................7 7.04 Domestic transport network ................................................9 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................10

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................26

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................7 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................15

10.02 10.04 10.03 10.01

Purchasing power parity...................................................112 Fuel price level .................................................................111 Extent and effect of taxation............................................100 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................47

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.09 11.04 11.05 11.07 11.10 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Local availability of research and training services...............6 Extent of staff training..........................................................8 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................15 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................15 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................1 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................91 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................111 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................86 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................63

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................47 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................24

197

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France Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................60.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................551.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................2,126.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................29,187 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................95,794...................4.4...................3.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,392...................5.5...................2.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................249,997.................11.4...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,454.................13.8...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................76,001 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........42,276 80,000

198

60,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

40,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

20,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................12

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................13

5.2 5.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................40 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................15 Safety and security .............................................................................................29 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................9 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................27

5.0 5.5 5.2 6.3 4.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................5

5.1

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................4 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................4 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................15 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................21 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................118

5.5 6.4 5.4 4.8 3.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................28

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................32 Education and training.................................................................................19 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................112 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................16 National tourism perception..............................................................................96 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................9

5.4 5.8 3.5 6.9 4.4 6.0 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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France T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................69 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................56 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................55 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................18

Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.01 6.02 6.06

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Number of operating airlines................................................3 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................5 Available seat kilometers......................................................6 International air transport network .......................................7

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................23 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............16 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................14

Ground transport infrastructure

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................68 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................45 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................18

Safety and security 7.01 7.02 7.04 7.03

Road infrastructure...............................................................2 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................3 Domestic transport network ................................................4 Port infrastructure ..............................................................10

Tourism infrastructure

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................19 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........12

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................9

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................59 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................36 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................28

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................55 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................23

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................5 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................6

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................26

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................28 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................19 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................13

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................115 Purchasing power parity...................................................110 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................87 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................76

11.06 11.07 11.08 11.03 11.05 11.10 11.04

Hiring and firing practices.................................................122 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................70 HIV prevalence ...................................................................69 Quality of the educational system .....................................27 Extent of staff training........................................................22 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................21 Local availability of research and training services.............12

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................122 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................67 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................13

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................34 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................18

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Gambia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................0.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,002 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................34...................6.5...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................34...................5.2...................2.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................75.................14.6...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................77.................11.7...................2.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................111 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................56 150

200

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

120 90

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

60 30 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................84

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................52

3.8 4.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................74 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................43 Safety and security .............................................................................................48 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................95 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................20

4.4 4.4 4.8 3.8 5.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................106

2.7

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................102 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................80 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................108 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................104 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................73

2.2 3.0 1.9 1.8 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................101

4.3

Human resources ..............................................................................................107 Education and training...............................................................................114 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................27 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................107 National tourism perception..............................................................................25 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................108

4.0 3.5 4.8 3.6 5.7 3.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Gambia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................24 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................30

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................92 1.02 Property rights....................................................................79 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................72

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................19 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............44

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................62

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................17 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................50

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................71

Health and hygiene Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................9 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................9 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................21

4.02 4.03 4.04 4.01

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................4 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................44

Physician density..............................................................110 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................82 Access to improved drinking water ...................................78 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........57

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................29 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................45

National tourism perception

6.02 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.01

Available seat kilometers..................................................123 Airport density ..................................................................118 Number of operating airlines............................................117 International air transport network .....................................98 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................78

7.02 7.04 7.01 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................113 Domestic transport network ............................................102 Road infrastructure.............................................................75 Port infrastructure ..............................................................51

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................14

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................101

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................102 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................100 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................93

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................120 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................68

Human resources 11.09 11.01 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.02 11.08 11.05 11.03

Malaria incidence..............................................................118 Primary education enrollment ..........................................117 Local availability of research and training services...........112 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................102 Life expectancy ................................................................102 Secondary education enrollment......................................101 HIV prevalence ...................................................................93 Extent of staff training........................................................88 Quality of the educational system .....................................55

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................107

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.03 13.01 13.02 13.04

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Nationally protected areas..................................................95 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................69 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................60

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Georgia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................69.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................6.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................3,586 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................548 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............239 600

202

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................66

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................55

4.1 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................80 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................68 Safety and security .............................................................................................47 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................43 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................59

4.3 3.9 4.8 5.4 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................98

2.8

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................106 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................76 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................106 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................87 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................58

2.2 3.1 1.9 2.1 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................31

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................33 Education and training.................................................................................88 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................4 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................59 National tourism perception................................................................................7 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................81

5.4 4.2 5.5 6.5 6.3 3.9 1

2

3

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Georgia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................45

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.02 1.03 1.01

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................71 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................64 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............62

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................43 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................110 Property rights..................................................................102 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................99 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................94

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..................................................................6

Rank/124

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Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................54 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................52

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................49

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.07 11.06 11.08 11.11

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................3 Hiring and firing practices...................................................16 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Life expectancy ..................................................................45

4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................91 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........83 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................54

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................96

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................7 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................20 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................46

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.06 6.01 6.03 6.05 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................106 International air transport network .....................................96 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................95 Departures per 1,000 population........................................93 Number of operating airlines..............................................77 Airport density ....................................................................64

7.04 7.01 7.03 7.02

Domestic transport network ............................................112 Road infrastructure.............................................................80 Port infrastructure ..............................................................70 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................52

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................77 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................69

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................99 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................92 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................70

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................94 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................61 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................51

Human resources 11.04 11.01 11.05 11.03 11.02 11.10

Local availability of research and training services...........107 Primary education enrollment ..........................................104 Extent of staff training........................................................95 Quality of the educational system .....................................94 Secondary education enrollment........................................70 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................67

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.03 13.02 13.01

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................112 Nationally protected areas..................................................95 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................80 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

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Germany Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................82.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................357.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................2,791.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................30,579 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................0.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................77,952...................2.7...................1.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,176...................3.0...................0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................267,739...................9.3...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,960.................10.1...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................21,500 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........29,204 30,000

204

25,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

20,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

15,000 10,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................3

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................6

5.5 5.6

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................6 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................3 Safety and security ...............................................................................................2 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................11 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................56

5.7 6.1 6.3 6.2 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................3

5.2

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................6 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................1 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................18 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................13 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................112

5.4 6.6 5.3 5.3 3.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................6

5.6

Human resources ................................................................................................25 Education and training...................................................................................9 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................108 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................11 National tourism perception..............................................................................88 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................1

5.5 6.0 3.6 6.9 4.5 6.8 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Germany T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................1 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................7

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................19 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................15

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................1 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................3

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................16

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................2 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................3

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................30

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

4.02 Physician density................................................................19 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........18

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................111 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................82 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................64

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.02

International air transport network .......................................1 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................2 Number of operating airlines................................................4 Available seat kilometers......................................................5

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................61 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................28

Tourism infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 7.01 7.02 7.03

Domestic transport network ................................................1 Road infrastructure...............................................................4 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................4 Port infrastructure ................................................................4

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................22 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................13

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................26

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................4 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................6

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................116 Purchasing power parity...................................................106 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................75 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................44

11.06 11.07 11.03 11.08 11.11 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................119 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................58 Quality of the educational system .....................................33 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Life expectancy ..................................................................15 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................14

Human resources Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.04 11.09 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Local availability of research and training services...............1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................7

13.05 13.01 13.04 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................4 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................4 Nationally protected areas....................................................5

Natural and cultural resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................83 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................64 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................61

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................22

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Greece Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................11.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................132.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................225.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................22,392 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................15,288...................6.5...................3.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................295...................6.7...................0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................35,631.................15.1...................3.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................699.................15.9...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................14,276 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........13,731 15,000

206

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

12,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

9,000 6,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................24

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................20

5.0 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................57 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................45 Safety and security .............................................................................................18 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................3 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................22

4.8 4.4 5.5 6.5 4.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................32

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................37 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................34 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................7 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................38 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................103

3.7 4.4 6.0 3.6 4.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................15

5.4

Human resources ................................................................................................55 Education and training.................................................................................47 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................96 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................21 National tourism perception..............................................................................23 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................23

5.2 5.0 3.8 6.8 5.7 5.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Greece T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................16

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.02 Physician density..................................................................3

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.04 1.02

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................89 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................61 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................50 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................37

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................18

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............55 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................50 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................24

Safety and security

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................4 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................20

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................34 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................24

Health and hygiene ICT infrastructure

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........25

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................11

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................9

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................49 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................32

Air transport infrastructure

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................11 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................18 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................23

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................12

6.04 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.05

Airport density ....................................................................59 International air transport network .....................................40 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................36 Available seat kilometers....................................................31 Departures per 1,000 population........................................27 Number of operating airlines..............................................24

7.02 7.01 7.03 7.04

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................44 Road infrastructure.............................................................42 Port infrastructure ..............................................................41 Domestic transport network ..............................................29

Ground transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................88 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................51

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................113 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................94 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................76

Human resources 11.06 11.03 11.04 11.07 11.05 11.08 11.02 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................108 Quality of the educational system .....................................60 Local availability of research and training services.............59 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................57 Extent of staff training........................................................52 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Secondary education enrollment........................................38 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................31

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................90 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................48 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................43

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Guatemala Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................12.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................108.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................27.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,155 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,004...................2.9...................4.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................123...................2.5...................3.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,311...................6.6...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................279...................5.7...................4.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,316 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............846 1,500

208

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................69

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................68

4.0 4.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................18 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................79 Safety and security ...........................................................................................114 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................76 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................38

5.4 3.7 3.2 4.2 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................76

3.2

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................55 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................73 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................76 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................71 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................74

3.2 3.1 2.6 2.5 4.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................69

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................78 Education and training.................................................................................93 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................39 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................77 National tourism perception..............................................................................74 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................56

4.9 4.1 4.7 6.1 4.7 4.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Guatemala T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................3 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................73 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................70 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................62

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TT.part2a.r2

Health and hygiene Environmental regulation

4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 5.02 5.01 5.03

T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 T&T government expenditure ............................................36 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................48 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................50

Air transport infrastructure

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............88 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................78 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................69

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................121 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................114 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................86

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................10

Health and hygiene ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................39

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........98 4.02 Physician density................................................................81 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................74

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Air transport infrastructure

10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................37

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................28

6.03 6.02 6.05 6.01 6.06

209

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................32

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................16 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................31

Departures per 1,000 population........................................88 Available seat kilometers....................................................77 Number of operating airlines..............................................77 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................66 International air transport network .....................................58

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................112 Domestic transport network ..............................................85 Port infrastructure ..............................................................59 Road infrastructure.............................................................57

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................79 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................74 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................83 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................80

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................112 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................68 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................55

Human resources 11.03 11.02 11.09 11.08 11.11 11.10 11.05 11.07 11.04

Quality of the educational system ...................................111 Secondary education enrollment........................................98 Malaria incidence................................................................97 HIV prevalence ...................................................................90 Life expectancy ..................................................................79 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................75 Extent of staff training........................................................73 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................64 Local availability of research and training services.............55

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................96 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................58

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................59

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Guyana Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................215.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................0.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,612 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005..................................................................-3.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................18...................2.1...................3.5 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................5...................1.7...................2.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................66...................7.9...................3.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................21...................6.5...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................117 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................35 150

210

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

120 90

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

60 30 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................100

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................96

3.6 3.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................79 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................93 Safety and security ...........................................................................................124 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................87 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................41

4.3 3.4 2.4 4.1 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................88

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................69 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................92 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................80 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................65 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................90

2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................109

4.1

Human resources ................................................................................................95 Education and training...............................................................................102 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................23 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................100 National tourism perception..............................................................................68 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................121

4.6 3.9 5.0 5.0 4.7 2.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Guyana T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................23 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

1.02 1.05 1.03 1.01

Property rights..................................................................112 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................101 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................98 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................92

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Environmental regulation Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................6

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............100 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................98 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................77

ICT infrastructure Safety and security

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................50

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................12 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................124 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................124 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................116

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................24 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................31

4.02 4.01 4.04 4.03

Physician density................................................................94 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........84 Access to improved drinking water ...................................74 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................44 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................47

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................74 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................51

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.03

Number of operating airlines............................................117 Available seat kilometers..................................................114 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................105 International air transport network ...................................103 Departures per 1,000 population........................................94

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................104 Domestic transport network ............................................103 Port infrastructure ..............................................................92 Road infrastructure.............................................................78

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................115 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................85 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................92 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................72

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................121 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................107

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 13.02 13.05 13.04

Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................107 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................100

11.04 11.09 11.08 11.05 11.11 11.10 11.03

Local availability of research and training services...........113 Malaria incidence..............................................................109 HIV prevalence .................................................................104 Extent of staff training........................................................97 Life expectancy ..................................................................93 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................85 Quality of the educational system .....................................77

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................96

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Honduras Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................112.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................8.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................3,009 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................332...................3.8...................3.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................80...................3.1...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................850...................9.6...................3.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................205...................7.9...................3.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................749 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............472 800

212

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................88

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................83

3.8 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................37 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................87 Safety and security ...........................................................................................113 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................83 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................70

5.1 3.5 3.2 4.1 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................83

3.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................74 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................75 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................82 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................90 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................68

2.8 3.1 2.4 2.0 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................91

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................82 Education and training.................................................................................95 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................55 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................80 National tourism perception..............................................................................63 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................97

4.9 4.1 4.5 6.0 4.8 3.6 1

2

3

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Honduras T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................2 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

1.02 Property rights..................................................................104 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................86 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................80

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Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................42 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................44

Air transport infrastructure

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............106 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................84 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................75

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................37

Safety and security Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................45

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................119 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................102 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................92

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Health and hygiene

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................43

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................29

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......105 Physician density................................................................89 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................66 Access to improved drinking water ...................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................62

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.01

Number of operating airlines............................................102 Available seat kilometers....................................................99 International air transport network .....................................85 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................77

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................121 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................89 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................74

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................90 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................63

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................95 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................92 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................78

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................99 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................68 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................60

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................102 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................85

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.05 13.01 13.02 13.03

Business concern for ecosystems .....................................86 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................72 Nationally protected areas..................................................68

11.03 11.08 11.05 11.09 11.02 11.04 11.11 11.10 11.06 11.07

Quality of the educational system ...................................118 HIV prevalence .................................................................101 Extent of staff training........................................................93 Malaria incidence................................................................91 Secondary education enrollment........................................89 Local availability of research and training services.............84 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................70 Hiring and firing practices...................................................55 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................53

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Hong Kong SAR Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................1.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................177.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................33,479 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,519...................3.3...................5.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................168...................4.8...................2.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................33,226.................17.1...................6.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................549.................15.9...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................14,773 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........10,286 15,000

214

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

12,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

9,000 6,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................6

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................4

5.3 5.7

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................2 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................24 Safety and security ...............................................................................................6 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................1 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................13

5.8 5.1 6.1 6.6 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................14

4.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................12 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................2 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................70 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................16 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................31

4.8 6.5 2.8 5.0 5.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................14

5.4

Human resources ..................................................................................................7 Education and training.................................................................................21 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................13 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................29 National tourism perception..............................................................................27 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................39

5.9 5.7 5.3 6.8 5.6 4.8 1

2

3

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Hong Kong SAR T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................3 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................4

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................24 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................14

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................6

Safety and security

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................34 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............25

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................8 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................9

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................25

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........4

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................15

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................4 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................5

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ..................................................................118 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................22 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................11

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................3 6.06 International air transport network .......................................5

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Port infrastructure ................................................................3 Domestic transport network ................................................3 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................5 Road infrastructure...............................................................6

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................39 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................33

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................24 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................18 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................15

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................2

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.11 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................7

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................96 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................87 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................23

Human resources 11.10 11.02 11.07 11.05 11.04 11.06

Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................65 Secondary education enrollment........................................64 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................24 Extent of staff training........................................................21 Local availability of research and training services.............18 Hiring and firing practices...................................................13

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................67 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................28 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................15

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................39 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................13

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Hungary Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................10.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................93.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................109.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................16,823 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,826...................3.5...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................206...................5.2...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................10,005...................9.0...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................336...................8.6...................0.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................10,048 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,271 15,000

216

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

12,000 9,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

6,000 3,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................40

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................26

4.6 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................25 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................33 Safety and security .............................................................................................25 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................12 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................39

5.3 4.8 5.3 6.2 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................51

3.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................65 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................56 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................34 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................39 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................97

3.0 3.7 4.1 3.6 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................51

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................37 Education and training.................................................................................36 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................66 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................39 National tourism perception............................................................................100 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................30

5.3 5.1 4.3 6.6 4.4 5.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Hungary T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.02

Visa requirements ..............................................................15 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................18 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................28 Property rights....................................................................32

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................45

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................59

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................29 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............34

Rank/124

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Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................43

Health and hygiene Safety and security

4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................40

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................4 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................34

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........7 4.02 Physician density................................................................21 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................37

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................28 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................71 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................50

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................78 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................63 Available seat kilometers....................................................59 Departures per 1,000 population........................................51 International air transport network .....................................45

7.03 7.01 7.04 7.02

Port infrastructure ..............................................................80 Road infrastructure.............................................................59 Domestic transport network ..............................................46 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................42

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................35

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................39

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................40

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................34

ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................39

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................43 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................42

Human resources 11.09 11.08 11.04 11.10 11.02

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Local availability of research and training services.............36 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................36 Secondary education enrollment........................................37

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................39

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................38

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................112 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................79 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................77

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.07 11.05 11.11 11.03

Primary education enrollment ............................................95 Hiring and firing practices...................................................69 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................66 Extent of staff training........................................................53 Life expectancy ..................................................................49 Quality of the educational system .....................................42

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................118 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................100

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................63 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................60

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Iceland Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................103.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................15.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................35,115 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,043...................6.3...................2.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................10...................6.3 .................–0.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,866.................17.4...................2.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................31.................19.0...................0.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................871 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............409 1,000

218

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

800 600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................4

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................5

5.4 5.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................36 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................12 Safety and security ...............................................................................................3 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................4 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................16

5.1 5.6 6.2 6.4 5.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................8

5.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................13 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................29 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................10 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................2 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................108

4.8 4.6 5.8 6.2 3.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................5

5.6

Human resources ..................................................................................................3 Education and training...................................................................................7 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................6 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................3 National tourism perception..............................................................................49 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................22

6.2 6.1 5.5 7.0 5.2 5.4 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Iceland T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................2

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............10

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.05

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................17 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................15

Safety and security

Health and hygiene 4.03 4.04 4.01 4.02

Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........5 Physician density................................................................10

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................106 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................59 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................16

Environmental regulation

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................1 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................6

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................35

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................38

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................5 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................8

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................1 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................5 6.06 International air transport network .....................................10

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................5

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................114 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................73 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................13

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.04 7.03

Tourism infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................1 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................5 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................8

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................98 Road infrastructure.............................................................29 Domestic transport network ..............................................14 Port infrastructure ..............................................................11

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................16

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................6

10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................118 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................105 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................78

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.10 11.03 11.11 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................3 Life expectancy ....................................................................3 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................6

National tourism perception

Human resources 11.08 11.07 11.04 11.05

HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................21 Local availability of research and training services.............19 Extent of staff training........................................................11

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................38 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................37

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................9

Natural and cultural resources Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................2 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................7

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

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India Key indicators Population (millions), 2005.......................................................................1,094.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................3,287.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................772.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................3,320 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,315...................2.1...................5.1 Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................10,680...................2.4 .................–0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................41,771...................5.3...................6.6 Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................24,349...................5.4...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,915 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........7,356 8,000

220

6,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................65

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................62

4.1 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................86 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................41 Safety and security .............................................................................................39 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................100 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................48

4.1 4.5 5.0 3.6 4.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................55

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................33 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................40 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................96 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................75 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................6

3.9 4.2 2.2 2.4 5.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................81

4.6

Human resources ................................................................................................85 Education and training.................................................................................46 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................74 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................97 National tourism perception..............................................................................81 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................70

4.8 5.0 4.2 5.3 4.6 4.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

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India T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................25 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................34 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................39

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................106 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................88

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Safety and security Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................41 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................48 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............49

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................24 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................48

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................84

Health and hygiene 4.03 4.02 4.01 4.04

Access to improved sanitation .........................................104 Physician density................................................................87 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........72 Access to improved drinking water ...................................67

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4

5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................108 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................59 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................59

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.01

Number of operating airlines..............................................14 Available seat kilometers....................................................15 International air transport network .....................................34 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................46

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ..................................................................121 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................103

Ground transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................21 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................32

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................66 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................61

Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................31

8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................113 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................91 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................7 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................11 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................21

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................98 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................94

Human resources 11.01 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.07

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................25 Local availability of research and training services.............28 Extent of staff training........................................................28 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................28

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................21 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................42

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................53

Human resources 11.06 11.10 11.02 11.11 11.09 11.08

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................7

Hiring and firing practices.................................................100 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................100 Secondary education enrollment........................................96 Life expectancy ..................................................................96 Malaria incidence................................................................94 HIV prevalence ...................................................................88

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................97

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.05 13.03 13.04

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................102 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................99 Nationally protected areas..................................................77 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................53

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Indonesia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................220.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,904.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................281.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,459 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,535...................3.1...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,579...................2.5...................3.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................27,047...................8.7...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................7,332...................7.2...................3.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................5,002 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,521 8,000

222

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

7,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 4,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................60

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................54

4.2 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................43 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................81 Safety and security .............................................................................................50 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................103 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................6

5.0 3.7 4.8 3.5 5.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................68

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................64 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................89 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................87 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................80 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................1

3.0 2.8 2.4 2.3 6.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................56

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................62 Education and training.................................................................................43 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................42 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................92 National tourism perception..............................................................................57 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................58

5.1 5.1 4.7 5.7 5.0 4.4 1

2

3

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4

5

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Indonesia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.04

Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................8 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................12 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................30 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................90

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................101 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............70 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................65

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................21 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................28

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................99

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.01

T&T government expenditure ............................................12 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................15 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................34

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.04 4.03

Physician density..............................................................108 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......100 Access to improved drinking water ...................................87 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................84

6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................95 Departures per 1,000 population........................................83 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................73 International air transport network .....................................64

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................110 Port infrastructure ..............................................................97 Domestic transport network ..............................................74 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................64

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................24 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................33

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................48

Air transport infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.01 10.03 10.02

Fuel price level .....................................................................5 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................10 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................11 Purchasing power parity.....................................................24

11.01 11.07 11.03 11.04 11.08 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................14 Quality of the educational system .....................................23 Local availability of research and training services.............24 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Extent of staff training........................................................40

Ground transport infrastructure

Human resources

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................79 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................76 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................95 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................79

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................5

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................15 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

Human resources 11.10 11.02 11.09 11.11 11.06

Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................96 Secondary education enrollment........................................91 Malaria incidence................................................................89 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Hiring and firing practices...................................................77

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................57 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................54

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................109 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................101 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................85

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Ireland Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................70.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................200.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................40,610 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,972...................2.3...................3.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48...................2.4...................0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,440...................7.7...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................143...................7.2...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................7,333 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,744 8,000

224

6,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................27

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................14

4.9 5.3

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................4 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................22 Safety and security .............................................................................................31 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................35 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................24

5.7 5.2 5.2 5.7 4.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................26

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................20 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................50 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................13 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................30 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................91

4.3 3.8 5.6 4.3 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................46

5.0

Human resources ..................................................................................................9 Education and training.................................................................................13 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................33 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................20 National tourism perception..............................................................................67 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................54

5.8 6.0 4.7 6.8 4.8 4.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

5

6

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Ireland T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.05

Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................1 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................2 Property rights......................................................................9 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................26

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................21 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................24 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............24

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................49 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................41 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................29

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........80 4.02 Physician density................................................................33

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................9 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................13 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.02 6.05 6.01 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................49 Available seat kilometers....................................................37 Number of operating airlines..............................................32 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................30 International air transport network .....................................27

7.04 7.01 7.02 7.03

Domestic transport network ..............................................55 Road infrastructure.............................................................54 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................53 Port infrastructure ..............................................................48

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................4

Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................12 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................19

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................19 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................25

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................37

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................10 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................15

10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................116 10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................113

Human resources Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.07 11.03 11.05 11.10 11.04 11.11 11.08

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................2 Quality of the educational system .......................................6 Extent of staff training........................................................15 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................19 Local availability of research and training services.............23 Life expectancy ..................................................................24 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................17

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................19 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................23

11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................89

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................84 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................48

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................97 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

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Israel Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................22.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................129.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................23,474 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,561...................2.7...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................108...................3.8...................3.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,950...................7.6...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................254...................9.0...................3.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,903 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,853 5,000

226

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................32

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................36

4.8 4.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................30 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................30 Safety and security .............................................................................................69 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................7 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................53

5.2 4.9 4.3 6.3 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................33

4.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................40 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................24 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................41 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................23 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................78

3.6 4.9 3.8 4.8 4.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................35

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................13 Education and training.................................................................................20 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................61 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................5 National tourism perception..............................................................................78 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................27

5.7 5.8 4.4 6.9 4.6 5.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

5

6

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Israel T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................23 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................25 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................30

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................39

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................38

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............27 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................27

Health and hygiene 4.03 4.04 4.02 4.01

Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 Physician density..................................................................8 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........29

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 International air transport network .....................................12 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................26

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................120 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................42 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................36

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

T&T government expenditure ............................................85 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................54 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................35 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

6.04 6.05 6.02 6.03

Airport density ....................................................................53 Number of operating airlines..............................................40 Available seat kilometers....................................................36 Departures per 1,000 population........................................32

Air transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 7.01 7.03 7.02

Domestic transport network ..............................................19 Road infrastructure.............................................................26 Port infrastructure ..............................................................30 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................31

Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................14 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................25 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................28

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................47 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................36 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.11 11.04 11.10 11.03 11.05 11.08

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................8 Local availability of research and training services.............10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................16 Quality of the educational system .....................................22 Extent of staff training........................................................23 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................25

10.02 10.04 10.01 10.03

Purchasing power parity.....................................................89 Fuel price level ...................................................................73 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................60 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................58

Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................95 11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................46 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................35

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................79 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................73 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................37

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................58 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................32

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Italy Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................57.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................301.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................1,765.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................28,534 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................0.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................81,618...................4.6...................1.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,115...................4.9...................0.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................192,489.................10.8...................1.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,703.................11.9...................0.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................36,513 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........35,398 50,000

228

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

40,000 30,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

20,000 10,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................33

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................42

4.8 4.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................70 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................54 Safety and security .............................................................................................53 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................5 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................60

4.6 4.3 4.7 6.4 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................30

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................22 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................55 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................8 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................27 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................116

4.2 3.8 6.0 4.5 3.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................32

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................46 Education and training.................................................................................38 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................98 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................8 National tourism perception..............................................................................66 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................20

5.3 5.1 3.8 6.9 4.8 5.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

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6

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Italy T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................28

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................32

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.04

Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 Physician density..................................................................5 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........32

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................106 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............40

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................81 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................60 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................40

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................5 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................12

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................103 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................101 Property rights....................................................................43 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.03 4.04 4.02 4.01

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................93 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................92 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................54

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................10 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................11

ICT infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.06 6.03

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................21 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................27

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................27

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.11 11.10 11.02 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................3 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................9 Secondary education enrollment........................................24 Local availability of research and training services.............27

Airport density ..................................................................101 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................67 International air transport network .....................................63 Departures per 1,000 population........................................36

Port infrastructure ..............................................................77 Domestic transport network ..............................................52 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................49 Road infrastructure.............................................................44

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................40

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................120 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................118 10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................103

National tourism perception Human resources

12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................10

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................1 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................15

11.06 11.08 11.03 11.05 11.07

Hiring and firing practices.................................................114 HIV prevalence ...................................................................74 Quality of the educational system .....................................72 Extent of staff training........................................................62 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................56

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................72 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................70

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................55 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................49

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Jamaica Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................9.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,381 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,098.................10.5...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................113...................9.5...................4.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,472.................33.1...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................350.................29.2...................3.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,479 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,545 2,000

230

1,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................48

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................49

4.4 4.5

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................3 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................67 Safety and security ...........................................................................................111 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................67 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................10

5.7 3.9 3.3 4.6 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................59

3.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................47 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................57 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................64 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................44 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................95

3.4 3.7 3.1 3.4 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................36

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................39 Education and training.................................................................................62 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................29 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................55 National tourism perception..............................................................................15 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................76

5.3 4.7 4.7 6.5 6.1 4.1 1

2

3

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Jamaica T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.05 1.01 1.03

Visa requirements ................................................................1 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................6 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................21 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................43

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................48

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............86 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................71

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................46

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................2 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................10 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................15

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.03 6.01 6.04

International air transport network .....................................25 Departures per 1,000 population........................................30 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................33 Airport density ....................................................................44

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................120 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................113 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................73

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.03 4.04

Physician density................................................................82 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........79 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................56 Access to improved drinking water ...................................49

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................24

Tourism infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................66 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................63

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................33

Ground transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................30

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................109 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................53 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Tourism infrastructure

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................43

Human resources

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................74 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................17 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................33

National tourism perception

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................68 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................52

12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................9 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................22

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................95 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................95 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................91

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.03 11.02 11.04 11.05 11.11 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..........................................103 HIV prevalence ...................................................................93 Quality of the educational system .....................................68 Secondary education enrollment........................................56 Local availability of research and training services.............56 Extent of staff training........................................................54 Life expectancy ..................................................................53 Hiring and firing practices...................................................51

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................52

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................89 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................52

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Japan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................128.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................377.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................4,567.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................30,615 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................168,501...................3.5...................2.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,684...................4.2...................1.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................446,530...................9.4...................2.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................6,940.................10.9...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................6,728 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........12,439 15,000

232

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

12,000 9,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

6,000 3,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................25

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................28

5.0 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................38 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................17 Safety and security .............................................................................................23 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................28 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................63

5.0 5.5 5.4 5.8 3.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................17

4.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................16 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................6 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................43 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................17 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................107

4.7 6.3 3.8 4.9 3.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................38

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................11 Education and training...................................................................................4 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................75 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................12 National tourism perception............................................................................116 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................14

5.7 6.2 4.2 6.9 4.0 5.7 1

2

3

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Japan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................15 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................19

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................82 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................77 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................9 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................12

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................55

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................12 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................17

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................97

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........14

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

4.02 Physician density................................................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................98 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................80 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................39

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Air transport infrastructure Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.05

Available seat kilometers......................................................4 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................8 International air transport network .....................................11 Number of operating airlines..............................................15

6.04 Airport density ..................................................................110 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................43

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................46

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.04 7.01 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................2 Domestic transport network ................................................6 Road infrastructure...............................................................8 Port infrastructure ................................................................8

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.04 10.01 10.03

Purchasing power parity...................................................111 Fuel price level ...................................................................88 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................61 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................49

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................15

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................13 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................19 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................22

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.04 11.08 11.09 11.11 11.05 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Local availability of research and training services...............1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................3 Quality of the educational system .....................................19

13.05 13.02 13.04 13.01

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................14 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................14 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................15

Natural and cultural resources

Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................76 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................70 11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................45

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................106 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................103 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................82

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................62

233

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Jordan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................88.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................12.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,096 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,250...................9.2...................4.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................147...................8.7...................2.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,878.................21.1...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................326.................19.5...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................2,987 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,441 3,000

234

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2,500 2,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,500 1,000 500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................46

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................30

4.5 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................29 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................56 Safety and security .............................................................................................19 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................41 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................17

5.2 4.2 5.5 5.4 5.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................54

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................67 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................47 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................49 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................72 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................12

2.9 3.9 3.6 2.4 5.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................58

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................63 Education and training.................................................................................51 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................92 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................38 National tourism perception..............................................................................34 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................86

5.1 4.9 3.9 6.6 5.5 3.8 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Jordan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.05

Visa requirements ..............................................................15 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................20 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................26 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................36

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................46

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................58 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............58

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................34

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................96

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................10 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................10

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58 4.02 Physician density................................................................50

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........30 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................42

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................48 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................7 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................22

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 International air transport network .....................................32

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.02 6.05 6.03 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................91 Available seat kilometers....................................................64 Number of operating airlines..............................................63 Departures per 1,000 population........................................55 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................48

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................33 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................42

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................75 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................49

Tourism infrastructure Tourism infrastructure

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................64 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................56

10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................7 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................24

Human resources 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.03

HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................8 Quality of the educational system .....................................44

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................79 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................67 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................63

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................57 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................50

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................19 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................29

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.07 11.11 11.04 11.05 11.02

Primary education enrollment ............................................92 Hiring and firing practices...................................................90 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................83 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Local availability of research and training services.............62 Extent of staff training........................................................60 Secondary education enrollment........................................59

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................67

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage......................................................96 Nationally protected areas..................................................92 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................73 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

235

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Kazakhstan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................15.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,724.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................56.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................8,318 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..........................3,073 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............685 3,500

236

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,000 2,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................82

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................81

3.8 4.0

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................106 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................80 Safety and security .............................................................................................76 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................45 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................97

3.5 3.7 4.1 5.3 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................81

3.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................75 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................72 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................100 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................78 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................51

2.8 3.2 2.1 2.3 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................90

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................60 Education and training.................................................................................49 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................30 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................88 National tourism perception..............................................................................58 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................117

5.2 4.9 4.7 5.8 5.0 3.2 1

2

3

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Kazakhstan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................15

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................29

1.04 1.05 1.01 1.02 1.03

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................46

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................20

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.02 11.08 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................7 Secondary education enrollment........................................30 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Quality of the educational system .....................................50

National tourism perception

Rank/124

Visa requirements ............................................................100 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................94 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................88 Property rights....................................................................85 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................85

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................93 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................85 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............60

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................89 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................75 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................67

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................67 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........63 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................62

12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................6 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................49

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................90 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................90 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90

237 Air transport infrastructure 6.03 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.05

Departures per 1,000 population........................................87 International air transport network .....................................83 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................72 Available seat kilometers....................................................67 Number of operating airlines..............................................66

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................98 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................90 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................59

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................95 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................63

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................97 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................70 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................66

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................77 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................53

Human resources 11.07 11.11 11.10 11.05 11.04

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................111 Life expectancy ..................................................................99 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................83 Extent of staff training........................................................79 Local availability of research and training services.............67

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................71

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................117 Nationally protected areas..................................................94 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................76 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Kenya Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................34.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................580.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................18.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,445 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,119...................5.2...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................253...................4.2...................2.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,431.................11.4...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................556...................9.2...................2.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..........................1,199 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............579 1,200

238

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000 800

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 400 200 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................98

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................91

3.6 3.8

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................116 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................60 Safety and security ...........................................................................................116 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................106 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................19

3.3 4.1 3.1 3.3 5.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................86

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................71 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................84 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................71 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................93 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................82

2.8 2.9 2.7 2.0 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................107

4.2

Human resources ..............................................................................................100 Education and training.................................................................................74 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................56 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................106 National tourism perception..............................................................................75 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................98

4.2 4.5 4.4 3.6 4.7 3.6 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Kenya T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................47

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.04 5.03 5.01

T&T government expenditure ............................................18 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................26 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................35

Air transport infrastructure

Rank/124

1.04 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................108 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................90 Property rights....................................................................83 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................60

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................63 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............63

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................50

Safety and security Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................47

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................117 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................114 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................90

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.03 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Hiring and firing practices...................................................30 Quality of the educational system .....................................37 Local availability of research and training services.............49

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................107 Access to improved drinking water ...................................99 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................86 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........71

6.03 6.04 6.06 6.05 6.02

Departures per 1,000 population........................................81 Airport density ....................................................................63 International air transport network .....................................59 Number of operating airlines..............................................53 Available seat kilometers....................................................51

7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04

Road infrastructure...........................................................101 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................78 Port infrastructure ..............................................................74 Domestic transport network ..............................................73

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................18

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................95 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................108 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................87 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................69

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................106 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................100 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................69

Human resources 11.10 11.08 11.11 11.09 11.02 11.07 11.05

Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................124 HIV prevalence .................................................................114 Life expectancy ................................................................107 Malaria incidence..............................................................101 Secondary education enrollment........................................99 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................88 Extent of staff training........................................................56

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................77 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................57

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.01 13.02 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................72 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................57 Nationally protected areas..................................................53

239

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Korea, Rep. Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................48.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................99.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................787.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................20,590 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................13,068...................1.5...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................477...................2.1...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................61,035...................6.8...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,731...................7.4...................1.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................6,022 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........5,660 8,000

240

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

7,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 4,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................42

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................46

4.6 4.6

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................56 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................37 Safety and security .............................................................................................37 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................60 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................58

4.8 4.6 5.0 4.8 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................24

4.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................24 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................19 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................68 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................3 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................84

4.1 5.3 2.9 5.8 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................73

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................48 Education and training.................................................................................25 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................97 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................60 National tourism perception............................................................................118 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................37

5.2 5.5 3.8 6.5 3.9 4.9 1

2

3

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Korea, Rep. T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................34 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................41

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................95 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................93

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................64

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............29 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................40

Safety and security

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................63 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................46

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................39

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........39

4.02 Physician density................................................................58 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.01 6.05 6.06

Available seat kilometers....................................................19 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................32 Number of operating airlines..............................................33 International air transport network .....................................37

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................88 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................73 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................73

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................84

Tourism infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.03 7.04

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................13 Road infrastructure.............................................................25 Port infrastructure ..............................................................27 Domestic transport network ..............................................27

Tourism infrastructure

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................80 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................90 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................88 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................72

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................29

Human resources ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................1 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................4 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................14

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................28

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.05 11.04 11.11 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Extent of staff training........................................................18 Local availability of research and training services.............29 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Quality of the educational system .....................................38

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

11.07 11.10 11.06 11.02

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................118 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................77 Hiring and firing practices...................................................66 Secondary education enrollment........................................49

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................120 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................111 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................81

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................67 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................61 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................44

241

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Kuwait Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................17.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................74.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................16,301 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................923...................1.3...................5.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................22...................1.9...................7.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,999...................7.3...................3.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................87...................7.3...................5.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ...............................91 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............164 250

242

200

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................67

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................71

4.1 4.1

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................100 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................96 Safety and security .............................................................................................22 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................37 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................120

3.7 3.4 5.4 5.7 2.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................50

3.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................62 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................43 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................52 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................53 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................29

3.1 4.0 3.5 3.0 5.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................86

4.5

Human resources ................................................................................................16 Education and training.................................................................................55 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................12 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................32 National tourism perception............................................................................117 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................89

5.6 4.9 5.3 6.8 3.9 3.8 1

2

3

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Kuwait T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................20 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................26

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.02

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................124 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................122 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................119 Property rights....................................................................54

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........11

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................111 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................81 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............73

Safety and security Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................35 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................43 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................47

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................71

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................59

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................27 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................41 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................47

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.02 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................119 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................116 T&T government expenditure ..........................................103 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90

Tourism infrastructure Air transport infrastructure

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................44

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................91 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................54 6.06 International air transport network .....................................54

Ground transport infrastructure

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................1 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................4 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................10

Human resources 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.11 11.10 11.06 11.05

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................37 Hiring and firing practices...................................................41 Extent of staff training........................................................46

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................79

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................72 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................57

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................68 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................61

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................122

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................36

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Human resources 11.01 11.03 11.04 11.02

Primary education enrollment ..........................................101 Quality of the educational system .....................................62 Local availability of research and training services.............53 Secondary education enrollment........................................51

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................124 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................121

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 13.03 13.02 13.04

Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Nationally protected areas................................................100 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................82 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................67

243

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Kyrgyz Republic Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................199.9 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................2.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,088 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005..................................................................-0.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................315 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................73 400

244

300

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................102

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................111

3.5 3.4

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................120 Environmental regulation .................................................................................106 Safety and security ...........................................................................................115 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................74 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................89

3.1 3.2 3.1 4.3 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................104

2.7

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................107 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................104 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................95 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................99 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................40

2.2 2.4 2.2 1.9 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................84

4.5

Human resources ................................................................................................71 Education and training.................................................................................85 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................24 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................81 National tourism perception..............................................................................72 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................88

5.0 4.3 4.9 6.0 4.7 3.8 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Kyrgyz Republic T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

4.02 Physician density................................................................38

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................47

1.02 1.03 1.05 1.01 1.04

Property rights..................................................................118 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................118 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................112 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................111 Visa requirements ..............................................................94

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Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................13 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................27

Human resources

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................114 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................100 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............94

11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................9 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................31

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................121 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................106 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................103

Health and hygiene

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................25

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......113 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................91 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................76

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................100 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................64

245 Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.05 6.03

International air transport network ...................................105 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................104 Available seat kilometers....................................................92 Number of operating airlines..............................................84 Departures per 1,000 population........................................75

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ............................................................117 Road infrastructure...........................................................115 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................74 Domestic transport network ..............................................72

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................105 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................105 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................116 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................85 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................84

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................122 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................78

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................87 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................65

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................111 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................107

11.05 11.04 11.01 11.11 11.07 11.10 11.03 11.02

Extent of staff training......................................................120 Local availability of research and training services...........103 Primary education enrollment ............................................93 Life expectancy ..................................................................93 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................90 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................80 Quality of the educational system .....................................78 Secondary education enrollment........................................58

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Latvia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................64.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................15.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,666 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................10.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................235...................1.3...................8.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................12...................1.2...................1.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,021...................5.8...................7.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................51...................5.0...................0.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,116 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............341 1,200

246

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000 800

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................53

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................60

4.3 4.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................71 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................49 Safety and security .............................................................................................41 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................68 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................94

4.6 4.3 4.9 4.6 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................41

4.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................54 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................36 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................37 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................36 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................55

3.2 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................77

4.6

Human resources ................................................................................................38 Education and training.................................................................................44 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................48 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................64 National tourism perception............................................................................107 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................67

5.3 5.1 4.5 6.4 4.3 4.3 1

2

3

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Latvia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................48

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................106 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................75 1.02 Property rights....................................................................51

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............36 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................43

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................84

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................39 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................50

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................55

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........75

4.02 Physician density................................................................29

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.03 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................26 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................41 Departures per 1,000 population........................................44 International air transport network .....................................47

5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................96 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................84 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 T&T government expenditure ............................................64

Air transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................29 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................36 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................39

6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................85 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................81

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................62

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................27

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................55

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................34 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................36 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................43

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................82 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................69

Human resources Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................36 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................38

Human resources 11.09 11.03 11.02 11.05 11.04 11.07

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................35 Secondary education enrollment........................................36 Extent of staff training........................................................42 Local availability of research and training services.............50 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................50

11.01 11.08 11.11 11.10 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..........................................113 HIV prevalence ...................................................................78 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................59 Hiring and firing practices...................................................52

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................109 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................78 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................74

Natural and cultural resources Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................31 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................45

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

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Lesotho Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................30.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................1.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,113 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................32...................2.1...................2.9 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................1.7..................-0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................103...................6.7...................2.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24...................5.5..................-0.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................304 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................30 350

248

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

300 250

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 150 100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................121

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................116

3.1 3.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................87 Environmental regulation .................................................................................105 Safety and security .............................................................................................94 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................109 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................115

4.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 2.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................111

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................121 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................115 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................103 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................117 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................24

1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................123

3.5

Human resources ..............................................................................................116 Education and training...............................................................................109 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................99 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................116 National tourism perception............................................................................103 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................124

3.4 3.7 3.7 2.7 4.3 2.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Lesotho T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................42

1.05 1.02 1.03 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................122 Property rights..................................................................111 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................79 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................52

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................6 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................22

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................118 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................96 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............95

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................102 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................94 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................59

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.03 4.01 4.04

Physician density..............................................................116 Access to improved sanitation .........................................100 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........92 Access to improved drinking water ...................................91

5.04 5.03 5.02 5.01

T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................104 T&T government expenditure ..........................................103 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................102

6.02 6.05 6.01 6.06 6.03

Available seat kilometers..................................................124 Number of operating airlines............................................124 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................123 International air transport network ...................................121 Departures per 1,000 population......................................107

7.04 7.03 7.02 7.01

Domestic transport network ............................................119 Port infrastructure ............................................................108 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................103 Road infrastructure...........................................................102

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................92

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................115 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................104 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................99

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................70 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................63

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................113 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................92 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................56

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................108 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................79

11.08 11.11 11.04 11.07 11.10 11.02 11.05 11.03 11.06

HIV prevalence .................................................................123 Life expectancy ................................................................119 Local availability of research and training services...........117 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................114 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................112 Secondary education enrollment......................................105 Extent of staff training........................................................92 Quality of the educational system .....................................85 Hiring and firing practices...................................................78

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Lithuania Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................65.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................25.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................14,158 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................424...................1.6...................7.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................21...................1.4...................1.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,282...................8.8...................6.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................112...................7.5...................1.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..........................1,800 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............921 2,000

250

1,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................51

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................57

4.3 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................68 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................51 Safety and security .............................................................................................57 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................47 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................95

4.6 4.3 4.6 5.2 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................43

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................61 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................32 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................40 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................40 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................77

3.1 4.5 3.8 3.5 4.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................61

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................61 Education and training.................................................................................37 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................94 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................58 National tourism perception..............................................................................93 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................38

5.1 5.1 3.8 6.5 4.4 4.8 1

2

3

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Lithuania T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................49

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................97 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................84 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................79

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................37 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............45

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................92

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................34

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................76 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................59

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene

4.02 Physician density..................................................................7

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........68

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................18

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................108 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................95 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................64

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.04 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................28 Road infrastructure.............................................................32 Domestic transport network ..............................................39 Port infrastructure ..............................................................50

6.02 6.05 6.01 6.06 6.03

Available seat kilometers....................................................93 Number of operating airlines..............................................81 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................62 International air transport network .....................................60 Departures per 1,000 population........................................53

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................36

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................64

ICT infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................29 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................39

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................54

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Human resources 11.09 11.08 11.02 11.05 11.03 11.04

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Secondary education enrollment........................................28 Extent of staff training........................................................43 Quality of the educational system .....................................45 Local availability of research and training services.............48

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................43 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................50

10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level ...................................................................98 Purchasing power parity.....................................................66 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................62 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................58

11.01 11.06 11.07 11.10 11.11

Primary education enrollment ............................................99 Hiring and firing practices...................................................96 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................78 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................58 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................105 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................73 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................56

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................68 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55

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Luxembourg Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................2.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................36.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................69,800 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,001...................2.9...................5.6 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................3.9...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,315...................9.4...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24.................13.4...................2.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................913 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,616 4,000

252

3,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................9

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................17

5.3 5.3

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................5 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................11 Safety and security .............................................................................................13 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................19 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................85

5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................9

5.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................38 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................21 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................6 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................6 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................56

3.7 5.1 6.1 5.7 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................8

5.6

Human resources ................................................................................................14 Education and training.................................................................................26 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................32 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................18 National tourism perception..............................................................................22 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................24

5.7 5.5 4.7 6.9 5.8 5.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Luxembourg T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................4 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................10

Rank/124

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................14 1.02 Property rights....................................................................12

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................10

Health and hygiene

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................29 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............13

4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................1

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................5

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................22 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................19 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................15

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................34 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........23

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................2 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................9

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................97 T&T government expenditure ............................................73 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................66 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

6.02 6.05 6.04 6.06 6.01

Available seat kilometers..................................................101 Number of operating airlines..............................................97 Airport density ....................................................................79 International air transport network .....................................39 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................38

7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Port infrastructure ..............................................................40 Domestic transport network ..............................................34 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................19 Road infrastructure.............................................................17

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................6

Ground transport infrastructure

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................9

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................11

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................33 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................11

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................105 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................94

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.04 11.08 11.02 11.03 11.10 11.11 11.05 11.07

Primary education enrollment ............................................82 Hiring and firing practices...................................................72 Local availability of research and training services.............51 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Secondary education enrollment........................................40 Quality of the educational system .....................................36 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................20 Life expectancy ..................................................................15 Extent of staff training........................................................14 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................11

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................115 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................68

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................25

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Macedonia, FYR Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................25.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,748 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................87...................1.5...................5.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................10...................1.5...................2.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................385...................6.8...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................43...................6.3...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................197 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................84 250

254

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................83

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................114

3.8 3.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................89 Environmental regulation .................................................................................110 Safety and security .............................................................................................97 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................96 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................122

4.0 3.0 3.7 3.8 2.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................82

3.0

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................108 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................83 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................63 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................76 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................64

2.1 2.9 3.1 2.4 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................44

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................56 Education and training.................................................................................64 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................64 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................47 National tourism perception..............................................................................13 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................82

5.2 4.7 4.3 6.6 6.1 3.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Macedonia, FYR T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................47

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

ICT infrastructure

1.03 1.05 1.01 1.02

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Human resources 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.03

HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................41 Quality of the educational system .....................................43

National tourism perception

Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................115 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................109 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................108 Property rights..................................................................107

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................119 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................106 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............96

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................50

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................36 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................50

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................105 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................95 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................72

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........91

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................118 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................112 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105 T&T government expenditure ..........................................101

6.02 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.03 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................116 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................109 International air transport network ...................................102 Number of operating airlines..............................................94 Departures per 1,000 population........................................59 Airport density ....................................................................52

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ............................................................112 Road infrastructure.............................................................69 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................69 Domestic transport network ..............................................63

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................21

Air transport infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................86 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................57

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................117 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................73

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................88 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................85

Human resources 11.01 11.04 11.07 11.05 11.02 11.06 11.11

Primary education enrollment ............................................98 Local availability of research and training services.............87 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................72 Extent of staff training........................................................69 Secondary education enrollment........................................65 Hiring and firing practices...................................................57 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................58

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.04 13.01 13.03

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................105 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................91 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Nationally protected areas..................................................59

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Madagascar Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................18.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................587.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................908 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................129...................2.4...................3.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................73...................1.8...................2.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................382...................7.0...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................222...................5.6...................2.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................229 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ..............105 250

256

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200 150

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................112

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................104

3.4 3.5

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................117 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................62 Safety and security .............................................................................................93 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................118 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................50

3.2 4.0 3.8 2.7 4.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................105

2.7

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................110 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................106 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................81 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................115 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................43

2.0 2.4 2.5 1.7 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................110

4.1

Human resources ..............................................................................................108 Education and training.................................................................................98 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................62 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................108 National tourism perception..............................................................................73 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................94

3.9 4.0 4.4 3.4 4.7 3.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Madagascar T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................26 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................29 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................34

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

1.04 1.03 1.02 1.05 1.01

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................26 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................45

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................46

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................103 Property rights..................................................................100 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................90 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................73

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............68 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................60 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................56

Safety and security National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................45

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................107 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................83 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................67

Natural and cultural resources Health and hygiene

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................50 4.04 4.03 4.02 4.01

Access to improved drinking water .................................110 Access to improved sanitation .........................................102 Physician density..............................................................100 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04

Number of operating airlines............................................111 International air transport network ...................................109 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................100 Available seat kilometers....................................................87 Departures per 1,000 population........................................70 Airport density ....................................................................64

7.04 7.02 7.03 7.01

Domestic transport network ............................................108 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................102 Port infrastructure ............................................................101 Road infrastructure.............................................................95

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................112 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................102 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................120 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................112 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................101

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................71 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................69

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................86 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................73

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 13.05 13.01 13.04

Nationally protected areas..................................................84 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................62

11.09 11.10 11.11 11.05 11.04 11.08 11.03 11.07

Malaria incidence..............................................................116 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................103 Life expectancy ................................................................102 Extent of staff training......................................................101 Local availability of research and training services.............99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................98 Quality of the educational system .....................................90 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................79

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Malawi Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................12.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................118.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................2.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................596 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................68...................3.0...................3.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................62...................2.3...................0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................136...................6.0...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................126...................4.7...................1.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................471 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................26 500

258

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400 300

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................114

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................103

3.3 3.6

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................73 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................86 Safety and security .............................................................................................81 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................104 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................114

4.4 3.6 4.1 3.3 2.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................118

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................118 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................111 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................112 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................116 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................54

1.9 2.3 1.7 1.7 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................117

3.9

Human resources ..............................................................................................121 Education and training...............................................................................110 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................103 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................122 National tourism perception..............................................................................40 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................99

2.8 3.7 3.7 1.2 5.3 3.6 1

2

3

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Malawi T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................21

1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................89 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................86 Property rights....................................................................74 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................59

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

National tourism perception

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................88 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................83 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............80

12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................22

Safety and security Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................41 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................42

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................87 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................81 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................56

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................122 Access to improved drinking water ...................................97 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................89 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........73

5.04 5.02 5.03 5.01

T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 T&T government expenditure ..........................................101 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................101 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................83

6.02 6.01 6.05 6.06 6.03 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................119 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................113 Number of operating airlines............................................111 International air transport network ...................................108 Departures per 1,000 population........................................98 Airport density ....................................................................87

7.03 7.04 7.01 7.02

Port infrastructure ............................................................113 Domestic transport network ............................................113 Road infrastructure.............................................................84 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................83

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................106 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................73

Human resources 11.09 11.07 11.11 11.08 11.02 11.10 11.04 11.03 11.05 11.06

Malaria incidence..............................................................121 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................119 Life expectancy ................................................................119 HIV prevalence .................................................................118 Secondary education enrollment......................................109 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................108 Local availability of research and training services...........105 Quality of the educational system .....................................97 Extent of staff training........................................................86 Hiring and firing practices...................................................75

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................118 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................111 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................104

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................86 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................78 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................52

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column) National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................76 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................51

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................92 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

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Malaysia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................25.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................329.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................130.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................11,201 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,739...................4.6...................5.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................492...................4.6...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................21,403.................14.6...................5.9 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,345.................12.6...................3.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................16,431 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........8,543 20,000

260

15,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................31

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................27

4.8 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................26 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................20 Safety and security .............................................................................................26 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................62 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................21

5.3 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................27

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................31 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................15 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................60 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................37 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................2

3.9 5.6 3.1 3.7 5.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................57

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................34 Education and training.................................................................................29 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................45 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................73 National tourism perception..............................................................................26 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................101

5.4 5.3 4.6 6.2 5.6 3.5 1

2

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Malaysia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................12 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................24

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................51 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................49

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Safety and security Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................8 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............23 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................25

Safety and security

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................65 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................32

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................86 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................19

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Health and hygiene

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................94

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........8

Air transport infrastructure Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................2 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................6 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................8

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.02 6.06 6.05

Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................16 Available seat kilometers....................................................21 International air transport network .....................................24 Number of operating airlines..............................................27

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ..............................................................13 Road infrastructure.............................................................15 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................17 Domestic transport network ..............................................23

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................75 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................34

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................48 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................42

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................63 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................32

Ground transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................27

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................8 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................9 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................12

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................56

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.10 11.09 11.08 11.06 11.11 11.07

Human resources 11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................10 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................17 11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............22

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................16 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................20

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................22

Primary education enrollment ..........................................112 Secondary education enrollment........................................86 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................78 Malaria incidence................................................................77 HIV prevalence ...................................................................69 Hiring and firing practices...................................................59 Life expectancy ..................................................................53 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................38

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................36

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.02 13.01 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................93 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

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Mali Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................13.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,240.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,154 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................152...................2.6...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................67...................2.0...................2.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................343...................5.8...................4.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................154...................4.7...................2.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................143 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ..............140 150

262

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

120 90

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

60 30 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................105

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................93

3.5 3.7

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................110 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................69 Safety and security .............................................................................................66 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................114 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................66

3.5 3.9 4.5 3.1 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................121

2.4

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................116 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................105 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................105 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................107 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................98

1.9 2.4 1.9 1.8 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................99

4.4

Human resources ..............................................................................................114 Education and training...............................................................................121 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................28 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................110 National tourism perception................................................................................8 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................104

3.5 2.5 4.8 3.2 6.2 3.4 1

2

3

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Mali T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Environmental regulation

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................39

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................48

1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.03

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................98 Property rights....................................................................77 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................70 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................64

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Health and hygiene Environmental regulation

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........38

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............89 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................83

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................20 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................42

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................79 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................57

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................38

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................39 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................40

4.02 Physician density..............................................................112 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................109 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................91

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................24 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................43

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................94 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................3

6.01 6.03 6.06 6.02 6.04 6.05

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................114 Departures per 1,000 population......................................112 International air transport network ...................................105 Available seat kilometers....................................................98 Airport density ....................................................................98 Number of operating airlines..............................................75

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ............................................................121 Road infrastructure.............................................................89 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................89 Domestic transport network ..............................................79

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................113 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................107 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................115 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................112 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................84

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................116 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................84 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................82

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.03 13.04 13.01

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................120 Nationally protected areas..................................................88 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................57 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55

11.01 11.05 11.10 11.02 11.11 11.09 11.03 11.08 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..........................................121 Extent of staff training......................................................117 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................116 Secondary education enrollment......................................114 Life expectancy ................................................................114 Malaria incidence..............................................................112 Quality of the educational system ...................................109 HIV prevalence .................................................................102 Local availability of research and training services.............93

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Malta Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................5.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................19,739 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................743.................13.2...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................28.................18.4...................1.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,474.................26.1...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48.................31.9...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,171 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............775 1,500

264

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................26

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................23

5.0 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................53 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................55 Safety and security .............................................................................................16 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................26 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................5

4.8 4.2 5.6 5.8 5.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................31

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................42 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................60 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................12 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................11 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................109

3.6 3.6 5.6 5.4 3.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................21

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................43 Education and training.................................................................................33 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................90 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................14 National tourism perception..............................................................................16 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................44

5.3 5.2 3.9 6.9 6.0 4.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Malta T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................14

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.02 Physician density................................................................24

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.03

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................54 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............53 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................50

Safety and security

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................7

Visa requirements ..............................................................85 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................70 Property rights....................................................................41 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................35 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................33

Environmental regulation

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................6 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................21 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................32 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................30

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................2

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........26

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................3 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................17

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................55

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.10 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................7 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

6.04 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................98 Number of operating airlines..............................................97 Available seat kilometers....................................................80 International air transport network .....................................52 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................40

7.01 7.02 7.04 7.03

Road infrastructure.............................................................76 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................71 Domestic transport network ..............................................51 Port infrastructure ..............................................................35

Ground transport infrastructure National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................10 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................10

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................31

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................34

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.04 10.02 10.03

Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................118 Fuel price level ...................................................................92 Purchasing power parity.....................................................85 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................60

11.07 11.04 11.06 11.08 11.05 11.03

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................92 Local availability of research and training services.............88 Hiring and firing practices...................................................87 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Extent of staff training........................................................44 Quality of the educational system .....................................28

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................49

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................55 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................55

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Mauritania Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,025.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................1.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,535 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2000 ...............................30 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 1999 ................28 30

266

25

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

20

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

15 10 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................92

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................95

3.7 3.7

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................112 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................98 Safety and security .............................................................................................54 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................115 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................55

3.4 3.3 4.7 3.0 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................97

2.8

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................111 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................99 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................72 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................96 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................38

2.0 2.5 2.7 1.9 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................74

4.7

Human resources ..............................................................................................101 Education and training...............................................................................117 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................3 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................105 National tourism perception................................................................................1 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................110

4.2 3.2 5.6 3.8 6.6 3.2 1

2

3

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Mauritania T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................37

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................31 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................33

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.03

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................96 Property rights....................................................................93 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................81 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................53

Environmental regulation

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................13 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

Rank/124

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2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................104 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................94 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............89

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................3 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................22

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................61 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................58

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................3 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................13

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................110 Access to improved drinking water .................................104 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................95 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........70

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.03 6.04

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................118 Number of operating airlines............................................117 Available seat kilometers..................................................113 International air transport network .....................................87 Departures per 1,000 population........................................82 Airport density ....................................................................56

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................119 Port infrastructure ..............................................................99 Domestic transport network ..............................................91 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................80

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................114 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................106 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................72

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................98

Human resources 11.04 11.02 11.09 11.03 11.10 11.01 11.11 11.08 11.05

Local availability of research and training services...........121 Secondary education enrollment......................................115 Malaria incidence..............................................................111 Quality of the educational system ...................................110 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................109 Primary education enrollment ..........................................108 Life expectancy ................................................................101 HIV prevalence ...................................................................78 Extent of staff training........................................................77

13.02 13.03 13.05 13.01 13.04

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................108 Nationally protected areas..................................................97 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................90 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................63

Natural and cultural resources

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Mauritius Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................2.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................6.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,895 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................844.................11.8...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................71.................13.7...................1.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,888.................26.3...................4.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................147.................28.1...................1.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................761 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............871 1,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

268 800

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600

400 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................39

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................35

4.6 5.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................63 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................34 Safety and security .............................................................................................40 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................46 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................9

4.7 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................46

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................60 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................53 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................38 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................59 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................20

3.1 3.8 4.0 2.7 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................39

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................89 Education and training.................................................................................58 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................117 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................70 National tourism perception..............................................................................14 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................50

4.8 4.8 3.3 6.3 6.1 4.5 1

2

3

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Mauritius T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................28

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................7

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.04

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................97 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................78 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................69 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Environmental regulation

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................14

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................47 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............47

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................56 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................52

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................1 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................3 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................22

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................79 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........50

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................26 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................38

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90

Air transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................32

Tourism infrastructure

6.05 6.04 6.02 6.06

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................31 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................17

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................33

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................8 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................31

Number of operating airlines..............................................86 Airport density ....................................................................75 Available seat kilometers....................................................56 International air transport network .....................................42

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................88 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................60 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................43

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................44

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................103 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................54 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................42

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................36

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................71 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................42 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................40

Human resources 11.06 11.07 11.04 11.10 11.03 11.02 11.11

Hiring and firing practices.................................................115 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................107 Local availability of research and training services.............85 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................79 Quality of the educational system .....................................65 Secondary education enrollment........................................62 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................50

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................48

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Mexico Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................103.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,958.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................768.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................10,186 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................41,975...................5.2...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,566...................6.0...................2.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................118,361.................14.7...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................4,988.................19.1...................4.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................21,915 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........11,803 25,000

270

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

20,000 15,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

10,000 5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................49

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................48

4.4 4.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................33 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................47 Safety and security ...........................................................................................104 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................49 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................29

5.1 4.3 3.5 5.0 4.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................57

3.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................32 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................62 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................47 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................60 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................85

3.9 3.6 3.6 2.7 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................50

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................50 Education and training.................................................................................61 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................63 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................42 National tourism perception..............................................................................91 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................29

5.2 4.8 4.4 6.6 4.5 5.2 1

2

3

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Mexico T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 1.05 1.01 1.03

Visa requirements ..............................................................15 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................21 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................31 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................38

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................60

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Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............51 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................49

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................43

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........45

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................116 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................104 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................51

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 5.03 5.02 5.01

Health and hygiene

T&T fair attendance ............................................................23 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................25 T&T government expenditure ............................................33 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................39

4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................59 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58 4.02 Physician density................................................................53

Air transport infrastructure

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................57 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................55

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.05 6.04 6.06

Available seat kilometers....................................................18 Number of operating airlines..............................................28 Airport density ....................................................................34 International air transport network .....................................38

Ground transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................65 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................64 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................49

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................48

Tourism infrastructure Tourism infrastructure

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................49

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................47

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................30

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................64 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................56 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................56

Human resources 11.01 11.11 11.04 11.05 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Life expectancy ..................................................................45 Local availability of research and training services.............47 Extent of staff training........................................................47 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................47

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................27

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................7 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................114 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................86 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................74

Human resources 11.03 11.02 11.06 11.08 11.07

Quality of the educational system .....................................82 Secondary education enrollment........................................74 Hiring and firing practices...................................................67 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................54

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................91 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................70

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................74 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................59

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Moldova Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................33.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................2.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,527 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ...............................23 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............128 150

272

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

120 90

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

60 30 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................95

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................99

3.6 3.7

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................118 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................92 Safety and security .............................................................................................88 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................56 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................113

3.2 3.5 4.0 4.9 2.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................100

2.7

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................103 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................110 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................88 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................81 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................60

2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................83

4.5

Human resources ................................................................................................80 Education and training.................................................................................84 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................44 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................86 National tourism perception..............................................................................48 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................102

4.9 4.3 4.6 5.9 5.2 3.5 1

2

3

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Moldova T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

4.02 Physician density................................................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................35

1.01 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.04

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................118 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................113 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................108 Property rights..................................................................103 Visa requirements ..............................................................94

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Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................36 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48

National tourism perception

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................95 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................91 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............72

12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................27 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................46

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................98 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................79 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................71

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........96 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................66 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................109 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................109 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

273 Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.05 6.06 6.03 6.01 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................117 Number of operating airlines............................................110 International air transport network .....................................95 Departures per 1,000 population........................................79 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................74 Airport density ....................................................................73

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................123 Port infrastructure ............................................................118 Domestic transport network ..............................................96 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................59

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................100 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................72 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................120 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................64 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................59

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................105 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................72

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................69

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.04 13.03 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................113 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................102 Nationally protected areas................................................101 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

11.01 11.05 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.03 11.02 11.07

Primary education enrollment ..........................................107 Extent of staff training......................................................102 Local availability of research and training services.............94 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................90 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Quality of the educational system .....................................69 Secondary education enrollment........................................68 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................59

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Mongolia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,566.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................1.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,175 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................338 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............177 400

274

300

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

200

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................91

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................92

3.7 3.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................94 Environmental regulation .................................................................................117 Safety and security .............................................................................................77 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................75 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................68

3.8 2.9 4.1 4.3 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................109

2.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................96 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................109 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................116 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................91 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................52

2.3 2.4 1.5 2.0 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................55

4.9

Human resources ................................................................................................68 Education and training.................................................................................70 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................26 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................89 National tourism perception..............................................................................11 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................105

5.1 4.6 4.8 5.8 6.2 3.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Mongolia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................31

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................36

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................104 Visa requirements ..............................................................94 Property rights....................................................................80 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................71 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................66

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Environmental regulation

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................35 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................40

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................122 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............117 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................101

Safety and security Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................30 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................38

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................106 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................75

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Hiring and firing practices...................................................12

National tourism perception

4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................99 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........77 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................77

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................110 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................67

12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................5

Air transport infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................38

6.06 6.01 6.05 6.02

International air transport network ...................................115 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................112 Number of operating airlines............................................111 Available seat kilometers..................................................107

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................118 Port infrastructure ............................................................114 Domestic transport network ............................................106 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................63

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................97

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................98 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................91 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................74

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................115 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................61

Human resources 11.03 11.10 11.11 11.07 11.05 11.04 11.02

Quality of the educational system .....................................96 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................89 Life expectancy ..................................................................89 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................85 Extent of staff training........................................................84 Local availability of research and training services.............78 Secondary education enrollment........................................52

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................103 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................62

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................123 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................119 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

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Morocco Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................30.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................446.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................51.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,503 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,601.................10.1...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,036...................8.8...................3.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,927.................17.9...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,813.................15.5...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................5,843 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,617 6,000

276

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

5,000 4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................57

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................47

4.3 4.6

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................48 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................64 Safety and security .............................................................................................43 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................81 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................15

4.9 4.0 4.9 4.1 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................72

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................83 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................54 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................62 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................92 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................46

2.7 3.8 3.1 2.0 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................52

4.9

Human resources ................................................................................................72 Education and training.................................................................................92 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................38 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................67 National tourism perception..............................................................................45 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................52

5.0 4.1 4.7 6.3 5.2 4.5 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Morocco T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................47

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................60 1.02 Property rights....................................................................56 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................54

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................18

Safety and security

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............91 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................82

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................35 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................44

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................88

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........42

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................16 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................19 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................47 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................49

4.02 Physician density................................................................93 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................83 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................74

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.03 6.06 6.01

Ground transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................50 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................50

7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................60 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................53

Tourism infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Airport density ..................................................................103 Departures per 1,000 population........................................67 International air transport network .....................................66 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................65

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................70 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................65

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry ICT infrastructure

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................41

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.07 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................41 Hiring and firing practices...................................................49

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................28 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................35 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................44

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................109 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................96 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................59

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................65 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................63 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................62

Human resources 11.02 11.03 11.05 11.10 11.11 11.04

Secondary education enrollment......................................100 Quality of the educational system .....................................91 Extent of staff training........................................................85 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................73 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Local availability of research and training services.............58

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................103 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................97 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................75

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Mozambique Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................19.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................801.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................6.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,379 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................470 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............130 600

278

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................119

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................115

3.2 3.3

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................108 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................91 Safety and security ...........................................................................................100 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................121 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................72

3.5 3.5 3.6 2.5 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................107

2.6

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................105 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................108 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................92 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................120 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................41

2.2 2.4 2.2 1.6 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................121

3.7

Human resources ..............................................................................................124 Education and training...............................................................................118 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................119 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................121 National tourism perception..............................................................................44 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................106

2.5 3.2 3.1 1.3 5.3 3.3 1

2

3

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Mozambique T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................40

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................18 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................25

1.04 1.02 1.05 1.03 1.01

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Property rights....................................................................86 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................75 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................74 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................64

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................14

Natural and cultural resources

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................102 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............92 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................72

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................21

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................109 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................109 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................54

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................119 Access to improved drinking water .................................111 Access to improved sanitation .........................................107 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........74

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................82

279 Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.03 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.04

Number of operating airlines............................................104 Departures per 1,000 population........................................96 Available seat kilometers....................................................94 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................93 International air transport network .....................................93 Airport density ....................................................................53

7.01 7.04 7.03 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................117 Domestic transport network ............................................109 Port infrastructure ..............................................................91 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................84

Ground transport infrastructure

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Tourism infrastructure Rank/124

Human resources 11.09 11.02 11.07 11.10 11.08 11.11 11.03 11.04 11.06 11.01 11.05

Malaria incidence..............................................................122 Secondary education enrollment......................................120 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................120 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................118 HIV prevalence .................................................................117 Life expectancy ................................................................117 Quality of the educational system ...................................113 Local availability of research and training services...........111 Hiring and firing practices.................................................107 Primary education enrollment ..........................................105 Extent of staff training........................................................78

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................98 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................88

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.01 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................101 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Nationally protected areas..................................................52

8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................108 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................94 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................119 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................114 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................111

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................96 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................71

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Namibia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................824.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................6.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,478 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................303...................5.2...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................32...................5.4...................3.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................631.................10.7...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................63.................10.7...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2003 .............................695 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............348 800

280

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................73

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................73

4.0 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................44 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................48 Safety and security .............................................................................................85 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................107 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................69

5.0 4.3 4.1 3.2 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................64

3.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................45 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................33 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................83 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................86 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................47

3.4 4.5 2.4 2.1 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................95

4.4

Human resources ..............................................................................................122 Education and training.................................................................................99 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................122 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................120 National tourism perception................................................................................9 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................73

2.8 4.0 2.9 1.6 6.2 4.1 1

2

3

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Namibia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................31 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................49

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................83 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................54

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............42

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................58 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................52

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................38

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................97 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................84

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................27 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................46 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................49

Air transport infrastructure

Health and hygiene 4.03 4.01 4.02 4.04

Access to improved sanitation .........................................104 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........99 Physician density................................................................99 Access to improved drinking water ...................................83

6.04 Airport density ......................................................................5

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................29 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................35 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................42 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................48

5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.03 6.01

Ground transport infrastructure

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................67

Tourism infrastructure

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................15

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................29 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................30 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................33

Number of operating airlines............................................114 Available seat kilometers....................................................90 International air transport network .....................................70 Departures per 1,000 population........................................58 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................51

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................75 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................69 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................90 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................90 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................73

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................90 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................58

Human resources 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.04 11.10 11.03 11.11 11.02 11.06 11.05

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................124 HIV prevalence .................................................................120 Malaria incidence..............................................................120 Local availability of research and training services...........119 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................117 Quality of the educational system ...................................108 Life expectancy ................................................................104 Secondary education enrollment........................................95 Hiring and firing practices...................................................93 Extent of staff training........................................................64

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................80

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................81

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Nepal Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................27.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................147.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................7.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,675 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................302...................3.8...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................330...................2.9...................3.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................648...................8.2...................5.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................726...................6.4...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................376 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............132 500

282

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400 300

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................106

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................113

3.5 3.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................91 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................97 Safety and security ...........................................................................................123 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................116 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................49

3.8 3.3 2.7 3.0 4.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................117

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................112 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................116 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................123 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................105 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................14

2.0 2.1 1.1 1.8 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................79

4.6

Human resources ..............................................................................................106 Education and training...............................................................................112 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................121 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................95 National tourism perception..............................................................................20 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................85

4.1 3.6 3.1 5.5 5.9 3.8 1

2

3

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Nepal T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................30 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................47 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.04 10.01 10.03

Purchasing power parity.......................................................7 Fuel price level ...................................................................34 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................43 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................45

Human resources

1.01 1.05 1.03 1.02

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................49

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................122 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................117 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................105 Property rights....................................................................78

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................108 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............99 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................88

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................124 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................101 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................89

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

National tourism perception

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.03 4.02 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......119 Access to improved sanitation .........................................107 Physician density..............................................................103 Access to improved drinking water ...................................73

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................50

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................72

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.06 6.01 6.03 6.05 6.02

Airport density ..................................................................104 International air transport network ...................................101 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................98 Departures per 1,000 population........................................90 Number of operating airlines..............................................87 Available seat kilometers....................................................84

7.03 7.02 7.01 7.04

Port infrastructure ............................................................122 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................119 Road infrastructure...........................................................100 Domestic transport network ..............................................99

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................121 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................102 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................96

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................113 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................105 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................85

Human resources 11.07 11.05 11.04 11.02 11.03 11.11 11.06 11.10 11.09 11.08

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................122 Extent of staff training......................................................118 Local availability of research and training services...........114 Secondary education enrollment......................................104 Quality of the educational system ...................................101 Life expectancy ..................................................................99 Hiring and firing practices...................................................95 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................95 Malaria incidence................................................................81 HIV prevalence ...................................................................74

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................74

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.01 13.02

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................95 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................93 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................53

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Netherlands Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................41.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................629.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................30,862 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................20,232...................3.1...................1.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................218...................3.1...................0.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................54,663...................8.5...................2.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................571...................8.2...................0.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................10,012 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........10,475 12,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

284 10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

8,000

6,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................19

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................22

5.1 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................12 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................10 Safety and security .............................................................................................27 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................15 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................91

5.5 5.7 5.3 6.2 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................15

4.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................14 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................8 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................32 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................12 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................119

4.8 6.2 4.2 5.4 3.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................25

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................21 Education and training...................................................................................6 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................104 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................15 National tourism perception..............................................................................82 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................13

5.6 6.1 3.7 6.9 4.6 5.7 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Netherlands T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................5 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................17

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................24 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................19

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................8 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............12

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................30

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................13

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................83 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................35

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........17

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................27

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.02

International air transport network .......................................3 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................4 Number of operating airlines................................................9 Available seat kilometers....................................................17

5.04 5.02 5.01 5.03

T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 T&T government expenditure ............................................82 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................79 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................52

Air transport infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 7.02 7.04 7.01

Port infrastructure ................................................................2 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................6 Domestic transport network ................................................8 Road infrastructure.............................................................11

ICT infrastructure

6.04 Airport density ..................................................................108 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................22

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................43 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................25

9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................5 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................10

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................20

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.05 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................6 Local availability of research and training services...............7 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................13 Life expectancy ..................................................................15 Quality of the educational system .....................................18

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................10 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................12

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.04 10.01 10.03

Purchasing power parity...................................................115 Fuel price level .................................................................113 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................93 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................39

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................106 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................81 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................95 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................53 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................53

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................27

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New Zealand Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................270.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................108.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................24,797 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,097...................7.4...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................157...................7.7...................0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,793.................15.4...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................326.................15.9...................0.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................2,365 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,865 5,000

286

4,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................14

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................10

5.2 5.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................19 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................8 Safety and security .............................................................................................12 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................23 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................36

5.4 5.8 5.7 5.9 4.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................20

4.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................15 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................25 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................35 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................20 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................75

4.7 4.8 4.1 4.8 4.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................7

5.6

Human resources ................................................................................................20 Education and training.................................................................................22 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................72 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................7 National tourism perception..............................................................................38 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................10

5.6 5.7 4.2 6.9 5.3 5.9 1

2

3

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New Zealand T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................2 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................9

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Rank/124

1.04 1.03 1.05 1.02 1.01

Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................40 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................25 Property rights....................................................................17 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................14

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............15

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................2 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................12

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................3

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

National tourism perception

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................23 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................17 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................16

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................42 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........16

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................54

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................2

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................7 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................9

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.01 6.02 6.06 6.04

Number of operating airlines..............................................59 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................28 Available seat kilometers....................................................25 International air transport network .....................................19 Airport density ....................................................................16

7.01 7.02 7.04 7.03

Road infrastructure.............................................................41 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................37 Domestic transport network ..............................................24 Port infrastructure ..............................................................18

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................46 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................24

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................24 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................22 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................15

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.01 10.03 10.04

Purchasing power parity...................................................104 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................63 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................61 Fuel price level ...................................................................23

11.06 11.07 11.04 11.05 11.08 11.10 11.03

Hiring and firing practices...................................................79 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................68 Local availability of research and training services.............25 Extent of staff training........................................................25 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................24 Quality of the educational system .....................................21

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................33 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................24

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................32

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Nicaragua Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................130.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................4.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................3,636 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................152...................2.9...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48...................2.3...................5.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................388...................7.4...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................124...................5.9...................5.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................712 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............207

288

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................89

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................82

3.8 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................39 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................99 Safety and security .............................................................................................68 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................97 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................88

5.0 3.3 4.4 3.8 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................99

2.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................73 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................112 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................77 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................103 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................76

2.8 2.2 2.6 1.8 4.4

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................82

4.5

Human resources ................................................................................................59 Education and training.................................................................................94 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................17 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................68 National tourism perception..............................................................................84 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................83

5.2 4.1 5.1 6.3 4.6 3.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

5

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Nicaragua T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................5 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

1.02 Property rights..................................................................109 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................83 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................76

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Air transport infrastructure Environmental regulation

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................15

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................16

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................110 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............108 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................85

Safety and security

Human resources 11.01 11.07 11.06 11.08

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................7 Hiring and firing practices...................................................38 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................78 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................72 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................58

National tourism perception

4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......111 Physician density................................................................97 Access to improved drinking water ...................................81 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................71

5.04 5.02 5.01 5.03

T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 T&T government expenditure ............................................85 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................57 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................53

Health and hygiene 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................48

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................22

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

289 Air transport infrastructure 6.03 6.05 6.02 6.01 6.06

Departures per 1,000 population......................................109 Number of operating airlines............................................107 Available seat kilometers..................................................102 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................81 International air transport network .....................................79

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................122 Domestic transport network ............................................115 Port infrastructure ............................................................100 Road infrastructure.............................................................92

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................90 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................82 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................101 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................99 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................96

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................110 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................110 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................56

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................71 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................71

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.01 13.05 13.02

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................108 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................78

Human resources 11.05 11.03 11.02 11.09 11.04 11.11 11.10

Extent of staff training......................................................105 Quality of the educational system ...................................103 Secondary education enrollment........................................92 Malaria incidence................................................................90 Local availability of research and training services.............81 Life expectancy ..................................................................78 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................66

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Nigeria Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................131.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................923.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................99.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,188 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................708...................0.8...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................232...................0.7...................3.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,816...................6.6...................4.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,855...................5.5...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................962 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ................21 1,000

290

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

800 600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................115

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................118

3.3 3.3

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................109 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................78 Safety and security ...........................................................................................117 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................108 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................101

3.5 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................102

2.7

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................104 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................88 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................107 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................102 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................35

2.2 2.8 1.9 1.8 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................119

3.9

Human resources ..............................................................................................102 Education and training.................................................................................96 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................18 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................109 National tourism perception............................................................................110 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................107

4.2 4.1 5.1 3.4 4.1 3.2 1

2

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Nigeria T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................23 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................30

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................19 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................34

1.04 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.03

Visa requirements ............................................................113 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................91 Property rights....................................................................88 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................65 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................54

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................94 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............84 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................53

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................115 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................115 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................106

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................101 Access to improved drinking water .................................101 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................99 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........54

5.02 5.01 5.04 5.03

T&T government expenditure ..........................................112 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................75 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................63

6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.02

Airport density ..................................................................120 Departures per 1,000 population......................................111 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................94 International air transport network .....................................91 Number of operating airlines..............................................64 Available seat kilometers....................................................57

7.01 7.03 7.02 7.04

Road infrastructure.............................................................94 Port infrastructure ..............................................................83 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................82 Domestic transport network ..............................................78

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

Human resources 11.11 11.08 11.10 11.02 11.09 11.01 11.03 11.05 11.04

Life expectancy ................................................................114 HIV prevalence .................................................................112 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................110 Secondary education enrollment......................................107 Malaria incidence..............................................................106 Primary education enrollment ............................................83 Quality of the educational system .....................................71 Extent of staff training........................................................65 Local availability of research and training services.............60

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................102 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................95 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................85

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.03 13.02 13.01 13.04

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Nationally protected areas..................................................93 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................77 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................65

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................114 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................111 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................110 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................104 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................81

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................96 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................71

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

291

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Norway Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................323.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................295.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................42,364 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,809...................2.4...................2.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................64...................2.8...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................22,545...................7.9...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................230.................10.1...................0.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,859 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,441 4,000

292

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,500 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,500 2,000 1,500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................23

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................9

5.0 5.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................34 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................9 Safety and security ...............................................................................................9 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................10 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................46

5.1 5.8 6.0 6.2 4.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................21

4.6

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................18 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................22 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................17 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................24 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................121

4.6 5.1 5.3 4.7 3.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................40

5.1

Human resources ................................................................................................18 Education and training.................................................................................15 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................86 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................4 National tourism perception............................................................................108 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................21

5.6 5.9 4.0 6.9 4.3 5.5 1

2

3

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Norway T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................13

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................4 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................7

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.03 1.04 1.01

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................68 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................49 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................32

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Safety and security

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................33

3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................7 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................9

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................46

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........6

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................28

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................2 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................19 6.06 International air transport network .....................................22

5.04 5.01 5.03 5.02

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................17 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................20

T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................65 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................38 T&T government expenditure ............................................24

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................39 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................36 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................25

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................14 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................14

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................38 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................24

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................11 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................21

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Human resources 11.02 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.05 11.04 11.03

Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................4 Life expectancy ....................................................................8 Extent of staff training........................................................10 Local availability of research and training services.............15 Quality of the educational system .....................................17

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................31

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................122 Purchasing power parity...................................................120 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................52 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................46

11.06 11.01 11.07 11.08

Hiring and firing practices.................................................112 Primary education enrollment ............................................87 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................32 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................15

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................8 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................9

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................121 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................66

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................62 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

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Pakistan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................155.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................796.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................111.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,653 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,114...................2.6...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,177...................2.1...................2.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,549...................6.3...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,904...................5.1...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................798 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............180 800

294

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................103

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................106

3.5 3.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................98 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................85 Safety and security ...........................................................................................106 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................91 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................111

3.7 3.6 3.5 4.0 2.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................75

3.2

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................84 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................52 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................99 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................89 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................22

2.6 3.8 2.2 2.1 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................118

3.9

Human resources ................................................................................................98 Education and training...............................................................................115 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................36 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................96 National tourism perception............................................................................123 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................96

4.5 3.3 4.7 5.4 3.6 3.6 1

2

3

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Pakistan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Air transport infrastructure

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................40

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................39

1.04 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.05

Visa requirements ............................................................100 Property rights....................................................................95 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................72 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................66 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................62

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

ICT infrastructure Environmental regulation

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................50

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................23 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................25 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................33

Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................26

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................98 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................77 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............65

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................121 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................85 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................76

Health and hygiene Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........85 Physician density................................................................85 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................81 Access to improved drinking water ...................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.02 5.04

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................106 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................105 T&T government expenditure ............................................91 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90

6.04 6.03 6.06 6.01 6.05

Airport density ..................................................................115 Departures per 1,000 population......................................101 International air transport network .....................................71 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................59 Number of operating airlines..............................................51

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................65 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................61 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................52

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................110 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................110 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................106 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................101

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................83

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................120 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................113 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................105

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.02 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................95 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................88 Nationally protected areas..................................................79

11.01 11.02 11.10 11.11 11.05 11.09 11.04 11.03 11.07

Primary education enrollment ..........................................116 Secondary education enrollment......................................111 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................101 Life expectancy ..................................................................96 Extent of staff training........................................................91 Malaria incidence................................................................87 Local availability of research and training services.............83 Quality of the educational system .....................................74 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................65

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Panama Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................75.5 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................15.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,283 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................725...................4.5...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................53...................4.5...................3.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,860.................11.5...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................129.................10.9...................2.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................702 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............780 800

296

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................55

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................56

4.3 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................31 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................70 Safety and security .............................................................................................59 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................65 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................62

5.2 3.8 4.6 4.6 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................53

3.7

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................39 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................42 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................57 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................62 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................44

3.7 4.0 3.2 2.6 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................63

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................88 Education and training.................................................................................80 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................116 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................50 National tourism perception..............................................................................61 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................48

4.8 4.4 3.5 6.6 4.9 4.6 1

2

3

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Panama T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.04 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................11 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................37 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................44

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................61

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............85 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................66 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................62

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................44

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................33 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................43

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................68 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................66

Health and hygiene Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.06 6.03 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................13 International air transport network .....................................26 Departures per 1,000 population........................................33 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................42

4.01 4.03 4.02 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........81 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................62 Physician density................................................................60 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................14 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................47

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................55

Air transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................50

6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................80 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................38

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................87 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................62

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................18 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................33

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................58 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................36 11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................48

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................78 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................65

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................34 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................41

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................93 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................78

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................13 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

Human resources 11.07 11.03 11.06 11.09 11.08 11.02 11.04 11.05

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................110 Quality of the educational system ...................................105 Hiring and firing practices...................................................99 Malaria incidence................................................................92 HIV prevalence ...................................................................88 Secondary education enrollment........................................85 Local availability of research and training services.............73 Extent of staff training........................................................58

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................98

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................92 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................90 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................56

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Paraguay Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................406.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................7.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,888 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................131...................1.6...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................32...................1.5...................2.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................454...................5.7...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................105...................5.0...................2.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................341 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................82 500

298

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400 300

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................111

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................107

3.4 3.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................95 Environmental regulation .................................................................................121 Safety and security ...........................................................................................101 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................88 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................87

3.8 2.7 3.6 4.1 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................92

2.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................66 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................119 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................90 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................109 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................21

2.9 2.0 2.3 1.8 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................113

4.0

Human resources ................................................................................................92 Education and training...............................................................................106 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................69 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................69 National tourism perception............................................................................115 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................109

4.8 3.8 4.2 6.3 4.0 3.2 1

2

3

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Paraguay T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................35

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................14

1.02 1.01 1.03 1.04

Property rights..................................................................117 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................116 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................107 Visa requirements ..............................................................89

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................2

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................19 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................29 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................37

Human resources

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................124 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............120 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................100

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................111 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................108 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................64

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................16

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......122 Physician density................................................................76 Access to improved drinking water ...................................74 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................122 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................121 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

299 Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.03

Number of operating airlines............................................120 Available seat kilometers..................................................109 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................107 International air transport network .....................................97 Departures per 1,000 population........................................68

7.02 7.04 7.01 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................123 Domestic transport network ............................................120 Road infrastructure...........................................................116 Port infrastructure ..............................................................94

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................94 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................83 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................113 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................98 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................94

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................70

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................110 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................98 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................78

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.03 13.01 13.05 13.02

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................120 Nationally protected areas..................................................91 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................51

Human resources 11.03 11.05 11.04 11.06 11.02 11.09 11.08 11.10 11.11

Quality of the educational system ...................................124 Extent of staff training......................................................114 Local availability of research and training services...........108 Hiring and firing practices.................................................102 Secondary education enrollment........................................90 Malaria incidence................................................................75 HIV prevalence ...................................................................74 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................74 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Peru Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................28.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,285.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................79.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,983 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,464...................3.1...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................309...................3.0...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,127...................7.7...................4.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................740...................7.1...................2.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,486 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,308 1,500

300

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................81

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................74

3.9 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................35 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................71 Safety and security ...........................................................................................110 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................93 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................61

5.1 3.8 3.4 4.0 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................85

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................88 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................96 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................66 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................68 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................89

2.6 2.6 3.0 2.5 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................80

4.6

Human resources ................................................................................................77 Education and training.................................................................................71 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................59 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................84 National tourism perception............................................................................105 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................53

4.9 4.6 4.4 5.9 4.3 4.5 1

2

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Peru T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.04 1.01 1.03

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................7 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................44 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................48

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

1.02 Property rights..................................................................106

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................79 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............67 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................57

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................47

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................46

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................113 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................101 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................95

ICT infrastructure

Health and hygiene

9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................46

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................19 11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................47

4.01 4.04 4.02 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......110 Access to improved drinking water ...................................81 Physician density................................................................73 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................73

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................76 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................69

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................20 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................39

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.03 6.06 6.05 6.04

Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................97 Departures per 1,000 population........................................72 International air transport network .....................................65 Number of operating airlines..............................................61 Airport density ....................................................................51

7.03 7.04 7.02 7.01

Port infrastructure ............................................................105 Domestic transport network ..............................................93 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................85 Road infrastructure.............................................................83

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................80 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................52

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................87 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................60

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.03 10.04 10.02

Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................111 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................82 Fuel price level ...................................................................69 Purchasing power parity.....................................................58

Human resources 11.03 11.09 11.06 11.10 11.08 11.05 11.11 11.04

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Rank/124

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................100 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................70 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................61

Quality of the educational system ...................................123 Malaria incidence..............................................................100 Hiring and firing practices...................................................92 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................91 HIV prevalence ...................................................................74 Extent of staff training........................................................66 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Local availability of research and training services.............63

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................90 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................84 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................81

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Philippines Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................83.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................300.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................98.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,923 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,327...................3.9...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,250...................4.1...................2.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,985...................9.1...................5.1 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,336.................10.8...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................2,623 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,130 3,000

302

2,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,500 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................86

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................80

3.8 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................61 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................83 Safety and security .............................................................................................96 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................77 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................74

4.7 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................79

3.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................72 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................91 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................93 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................83 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................7

2.8 2.7 2.2 2.2 5.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................100

4.3

Human resources ................................................................................................93 Education and training.................................................................................50 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................93 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................98 National tourism perception..............................................................................83 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................95

4.6 4.9 3.9 5.1 4.6 3.7 1

2

3

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Philippines T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................27

Rank/124

1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................90 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................78 1.02 Property rights....................................................................70

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Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................29 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................40

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.02 10.04 10.03

Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................14 Purchasing power parity.....................................................14 Fuel price level ...................................................................16 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................40

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............97 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................80 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................65

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................118 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................84 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................64

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................35

National tourism perception

Health and hygiene 4.02 4.01 4.04 4.03

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................19

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

Physician density................................................................88 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........82 Access to improved drinking water ...................................70 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................61

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................71 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................70 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 T&T government expenditure ............................................54

303 Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................94 Departures per 1,000 population........................................89 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................76 International air transport network .....................................62

7.04 7.03 7.01 7.02

Domestic transport network ..............................................92 Port infrastructure ..............................................................87 Road infrastructure.............................................................86 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................86

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................106 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................98 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................97 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................83 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................51

Human resources 11.10 11.07 11.09 11.06 11.11 11.04 11.02 11.03

Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................106 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................104 Malaria incidence................................................................84 Hiring and firing practices...................................................82 Life expectancy ..................................................................79 Local availability of research and training services.............75 Secondary education enrollment........................................61 Quality of the educational system .....................................61

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................93 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................55

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.02 13.04 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................76 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................75 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

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Poland Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................38.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................312.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................303.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,994 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,242...................2.0...................4.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................259...................2.0...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................28,923...................9.1...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,108...................8.5...................0.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................15,200 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........6,284 20,000

304

15,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................63

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................63

4.2 4.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................66 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................65 Safety and security .............................................................................................71 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................89 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................42

4.7 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................62

3.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................86 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................61 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................46 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................43 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................83

2.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................60

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................44 Education and training.................................................................................32 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................85 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................35 National tourism perception............................................................................122 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................19

5.3 5.2 4.0 6.7 3.6 5.5 1

2

3

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Poland T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................12 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................102 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................99 1.02 Property rights....................................................................92

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............48

Health and hygiene

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................97 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................51

4.02 Physician density................................................................39

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................1

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................93 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................69 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................62

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................39 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................50

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........87

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................38

Tourism infrastructure

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................104 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................86 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................69

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................45

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................39 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................41 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................45

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.06 6.03

Airport density ....................................................................89 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................86 International air transport network .....................................78 Departures per 1,000 population........................................63

Ground transport infrastructure Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................49

Human resources 11.09 11.08 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.05

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Secondary education enrollment........................................34 Quality of the educational system .....................................34 Local availability of research and training services.............39 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................39 Life expectancy ..................................................................39 Extent of staff training........................................................48

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................82 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................67 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................60

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................68

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................104 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................75 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................64

Human resources Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.01 13.03 13.04

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................15 Nationally protected areas..................................................35 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................40

11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................103 11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................88 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................64

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................124 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................115 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................89

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................92

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Portugal Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................10.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................92.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................183.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................19,335 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................0.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................11,970...................6.4...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................373...................7.3...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................28,782.................15.5...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................907.................17.7...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ........................11,617 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........7,931 15,000

306

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

12,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

9,000 6,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................22

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................11

5.0 5.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................28 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................26 Safety and security .............................................................................................11 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................17 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................26

5.2 5.1 5.8 6.1 4.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................22

4.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................35 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................23 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................9 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................33 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................102

3.8 5.0 5.9 3.8 4.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................30

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................40 Education and training.................................................................................39 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................80 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................33 National tourism perception..............................................................................54 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................25

5.3 5.1 4.1 6.7 5.1 5.3 1

2

3

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Portugal T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................13 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................18

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................46 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.02 Property rights....................................................................33

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................9 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................15

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.02 Physician density................................................................17

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............32 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................28 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................22

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................25

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................17 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................19 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................20

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........36

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................19

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................20

Tourism infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.06 6.02 6.03 6.01

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................4

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................18

Airport density ....................................................................68 International air transport network .....................................35 Available seat kilometers....................................................30 Departures per 1,000 population........................................29 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................24

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................36 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................26 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................25

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................27

Natural and cultural resources ICT infrastructure

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................15

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................40 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................37 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................33

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................102 Purchasing power parity.....................................................96 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................56 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................54

11.06 11.08 11.03 11.05 11.10 11.04 11.02 11.11

Hiring and firing practices.................................................110 HIV prevalence ...................................................................69 Quality of the educational system .....................................58 Extent of staff training........................................................55 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................42 Local availability of research and training services.............38 Secondary education enrollment........................................35 Life expectancy ..................................................................24

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................55 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................42 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................22

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................65 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................29 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................24

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Qatar Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................34.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................31,397 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................524...................1.4...................5.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................2.0...................2.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,154.................11.4...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................39.................11.6...................1.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................732 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............760 800

308

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................36

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................34

4.7 5.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................65 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................29 Safety and security .............................................................................................17 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................24 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................40

4.7 4.9 5.6 5.9 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................39

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................29 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................48 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................26 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................49 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................25

3.9 3.9 4.4 3.1 5.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................49

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................19 Education and training.................................................................................31 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................22 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................46 National tourism perception..............................................................................41 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................75

5.6 5.3 5.0 6.6 5.3 4.1 1

2

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Qatar T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................10 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............26

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................13 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................21

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.05 1.02

Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................91 Visa requirements ..............................................................85 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................52 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................51 Property rights....................................................................38

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Environmental regulation Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........13

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................42

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................46

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................24 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................26

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................46

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................8 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................35

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................60

Air transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................23

6.04 6.05 6.02 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................77 Number of operating airlines..............................................57 Available seat kilometers....................................................44 International air transport network .....................................43

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................4 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................4 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................5

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.03 11.07 11.06 11.02

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................20 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................23 Hiring and firing practices...................................................31 Secondary education enrollment........................................33

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.04 7.01 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................60 Domestic transport network ..............................................49 Road infrastructure.............................................................48 Port infrastructure ..............................................................42

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................48

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................66 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................48 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................46

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................119

Human resources 11.10 11.04 11.05 11.11

Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................63 Local availability of research and training services.............57 Extent of staff training........................................................57 Life expectancy ..................................................................36

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................108 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................94

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................41

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Romania Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................21.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................238.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................98.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................8,785 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,783...................1.9...................7.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................265...................3.1...................1.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,455...................4.8...................6.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................485...................5.8...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,430 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,051 1,500

310

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,200 900

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

600 300 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................76

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................87

3.9 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................67 Environmental regulation .................................................................................101 Safety and security .............................................................................................72 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................99 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................82

4.6 3.3 4.3 3.7 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................74

3.2

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................93 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................77 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................50 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................56 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................87

2.4 3.0 3.5 2.8 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................71

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................76 Education and training.................................................................................52 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................91 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................76 National tourism perception..............................................................................95 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................46

5.0 4.9 3.9 6.1 4.4 4.6 1

2

3

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Romania T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

1.03 1.01 1.05 1.02

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................88 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................81 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................79 Property rights....................................................................76

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Environmental regulation

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................50

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................115 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............83 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................74

ICT infrastructure Safety and security

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................49

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Local availability of research and training services.............44

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................79 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................72 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................60

Health and hygiene 4.04 4.01 4.03 4.02

Access to improved drinking water .................................103 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........97 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................85 Physician density................................................................56

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................111 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................107 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................58

311 Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.01 6.06 6.03 6.02 6.05

Airport density ....................................................................97 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................90 International air transport network .....................................82 Departures per 1,000 population........................................77 Available seat kilometers....................................................68 Number of operating airlines..............................................54

7.01 7.04 7.03 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................111 Domestic transport network ..............................................83 Port infrastructure ..............................................................75 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................54

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................51

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................80 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................59

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 10.04 10.01 10.02

Extent and effect of taxation............................................108 Fuel price level ...................................................................84 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................73 Purchasing power parity.....................................................64

11.07 11.10 11.06 11.05 11.02 11.11 11.03

Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................96 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................86 Hiring and firing practices...................................................85 Extent of staff training........................................................81 Secondary education enrollment........................................63 Life expectancy ..................................................................53 Quality of the educational system .....................................51

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................85 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................76 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................69

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................95 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................87 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................80

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Russian Federation Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................143.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) .................................................17,098.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................763.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................11,041 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................12,397...................1.5...................5.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................863...................1.3...................0.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................66,339...................7.8...................6.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................4,515...................6.6...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................19,940 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........5,466 25,000

312

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

20,000 15,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

10,000 5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................68

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................100

4.0 3.6

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................124 Environmental regulation .................................................................................113 Safety and security .............................................................................................99 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................31 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................99

2.7 3.0 3.7 5.7 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................49

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................21 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................65 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................58 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................51 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................39

4.2 3.5 3.2 3.0 4.8

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................65

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................70 Education and training.................................................................................59 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................49 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................87 National tourism perception............................................................................104 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................41

5.0 4.8 4.5 5.8 4.3 4.7 1

2

3

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Russian Federation T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..................................................................4 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................44 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................50

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.05 1.04

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................123 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................121 Property rights..................................................................114 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................114 Visa requirements ............................................................106

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5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................23

Environmental regulation Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................6 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................16 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................32

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................120 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............109 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................103

Safety and security Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................30

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................105 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................103 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................82

Tourism infrastructure Health and hygiene

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......108

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................42 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................120 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................113 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................69

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................30

Air transport infrastructure Human resources 11.01 11.09 11.06 11.02

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Hiring and firing practices...................................................17 Secondary education enrollment........................................44

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................9

6.06 International air transport network .....................................74 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................69 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................60

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................103 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................65 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................54

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................81 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................55

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................62

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................94 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................60 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................51

Human resources 11.07 11.05 11.08 11.11 11.10 11.04 11.03

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................109 Extent of staff training........................................................99 HIV prevalence ...................................................................90 Life expectancy ..................................................................89 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................84 Local availability of research and training services.............69 Quality of the educational system .....................................54

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................119 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................63 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................54

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................115 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................113 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................53

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Serbia and Montenegro Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................102.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................26.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,348 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................319...................1.3...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................43...................1.2...................0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,216...................5.0...................5.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................160...................4.5...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................725 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2003 ..............201 1,000

314

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

800 600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................61

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................79

4.2 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................76 Environmental regulation .................................................................................120 Safety and security .............................................................................................62 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................48 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................92

4.3 2.7 4.5 5.1 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................80

3.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................99 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................107 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................54 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................46 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................88

2.3 2.4 3.3 3.3 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................13

5.5

Human resources ................................................................................................47 Education and training.................................................................................65 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................50 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................52 National tourism perception..............................................................................19 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................26

5.3 4.7 4.5 6.6 5.9 5.3 1

2

3

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Serbia and Montenegro T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................41

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.05

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............121 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................117 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................115

Safety and security

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................49

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................78 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................57

Health and hygiene

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................38

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........78

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................48

Human resources 11.09 11.03 11.07 11.08 11.11

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................46 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................48 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Life expectancy ..................................................................49

National tourism perception

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................109 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................104 Property rights....................................................................89 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................82

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................49 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................49 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................50

Rank/124

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................101 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................98 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.04 6.05

International air transport network ...................................112 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................102 Available seat kilometers....................................................81 Airport density ....................................................................81 Number of operating airlines..............................................64

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...........................................................113 Port infrastructure ............................................................104 Domestic transport network ..............................................95 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................91

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................29

Ground transport infrastructure Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................42

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Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................68

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................95

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................99 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................91 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................82

Human resources 11.05 11.01 11.06 11.02 11.04 11.10

Extent of staff training......................................................121 Primary education enrollment ............................................81 Hiring and firing practices...................................................61 Secondary education enrollment........................................55 Local availability of research and training services.............52 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................52

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................82

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................111

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Singapore Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................116.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................28,368 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,365...................2.7...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................61...................2.7...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................13,126.................10.3...................5.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................191...................8.3...................3.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................7,080 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........5,740 8,000

316

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

7,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 4,000 3,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................8

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................1

5.3 5.8

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................1 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................6 Safety and security ...............................................................................................7 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................29 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................2

5.8 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................11

5.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................10 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................3 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................44 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................18 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................26

4.9 6.5 3.7 4.9 5.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................42

5.1

Human resources ..................................................................................................2 Education and training.................................................................................14 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................1 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................25 National tourism perception..............................................................................47 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................79

6.2 5.9 5.9 6.8 5.2 3.9 1

2

3

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Singapore T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................1 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................3

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................28 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................11

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................1 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................7

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................18

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................3 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................4

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................77

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........1 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

4.02 Physician density................................................................63

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................3 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................6 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................8

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ..................................................................101 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................22 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................18

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................1 6.06 International air transport network .......................................2 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................10

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................30 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................26

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure...............................................................1 Port infrastructure ................................................................1 Domestic transport network ................................................5 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................9

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................29 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................21 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................12

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................7

10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................97 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................38 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................34

Human resources 11.09 11.03 11.06 11.07 11.11

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................2 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................2 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................6 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.10 11.02 11.04 11.05

Primary education enrollment ..........................................109 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................46 Secondary education enrollment........................................31 Local availability of research and training services.............17 Extent of staff training........................................................12

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................100 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................23 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................12

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 13.03 13.02 13.04

Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Nationally protected areas..................................................81 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................61 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................26

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Slovak Republic Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................49.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................47.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................16,041 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,109...................2.2...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48...................2.1...................0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,768.................15.4...................5.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................306.................13.6...................1.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,515 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,210 2,000

318

1,500

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

1,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................37

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................37

4.7 4.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................24 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................38 Safety and security .............................................................................................24 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................18 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................104

5.3 4.6 5.4 6.0 3.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................45

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................97 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................44 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................30 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................35 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................57

2.3 4.0 4.3 3.8 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................18

5.4

Human resources ................................................................................................10 Education and training.................................................................................40 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................5 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................36 National tourism perception..............................................................................71 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................16

5.8 5.1 5.5 6.7 4.7 5.6 1

2

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Slovak Republic T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................2 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................5 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................75 1.02 Property rights....................................................................45

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................82

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................30 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............33

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................49

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................7 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................23

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........47

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.02 Physician density................................................................24

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.02 5.04

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................108 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................99 T&T government expenditure ............................................85 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

6.05 6.03 6.02 6.01 6.06 6.04

Number of operating airlines............................................104 Departures per 1,000 population......................................100 Available seat kilometers....................................................97 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................83 International air transport network .....................................77 Airport density ....................................................................66

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................23

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................28

ICT infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure

9.02 Internet users .....................................................................27 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................8

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................73 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................57 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................57

Tourism infrastructure

Human resources 11.08 11.09 11.07 11.06 11.10

HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................4 Hiring and firing practices...................................................15 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................33

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................38

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................56

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................29

10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................109 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................77 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................67

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................28

Human resources 11.01 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.11 11.02

Primary education enrollment ............................................85 Quality of the educational system .....................................49 Local availability of research and training services.............45 Extent of staff training........................................................45 Life expectancy ..................................................................45 Secondary education enrollment........................................42

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................104 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................54

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................81 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

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Slovenia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................20.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................34.0 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................21,808 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,207...................3.4...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................38...................4.6...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,209.................14.6...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................140.................16.9...................0.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,555 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,801 2,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

320 1,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000

500 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................44

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................44

4.6 4.7

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................81 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................27 Safety and security .............................................................................................33 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................34 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................77

4.3 5.0 5.2 5.7 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................38

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................79 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................37 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................20 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................28 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................106

2.7 4.3 5.2 4.5 3.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................53

4.9

Human resources ................................................................................................52 Education and training.................................................................................28 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................111 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................27 National tourism perception..............................................................................60 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................57

5.2 5.3 3.6 6.8 5.0 4.4 1

2

3

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Slovenia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............22 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................23

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................115 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................109 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................105 Property rights....................................................................50

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Safety and security

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................57

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................22 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................27

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................51

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........43

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................45

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................38

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................87 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................77 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure Air transport infrastructure

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................39

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................40 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................41

6.02 6.05 6.06 6.01 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................108 Number of operating airlines............................................103 International air transport network .....................................61 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................60 Airport density ....................................................................60

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................7 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................35

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................47 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................22 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................30 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................32

10.04 10.03 10.02 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................106 Extent and effect of taxation............................................102 Purchasing power parity.....................................................88 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................55

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.02 11.11 11.10 11.05 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Secondary education enrollment........................................23 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................30 Extent of staff training........................................................32 Local availability of research and training services.............37

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................109 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................86 11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................52

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................81

Natural and cultural resources National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................38 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................39

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................29

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................71 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................44

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South Africa Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................45.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,219.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................239.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,161 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,020...................3.3...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................485...................3.4...................3.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................19,851...................8.2...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,083...................7.5...................3.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................7,518 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........7,327 8,000

322

6,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................62

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................59

4.2 4.4

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................46 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................28 Safety and security .............................................................................................95 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................82 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................51

4.9 5.0 3.8 4.1 4.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................44

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................30 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................35 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................48 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................70 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................48

3.9 4.3 3.6 2.5 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................96

4.4

Human resources ..............................................................................................111 Education and training.................................................................................35 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................123 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................113 National tourism perception..............................................................................56 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................59

3.6 5.2 2.9 2.9 5.1 4.4 1

2

3

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South Africa T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................22 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................41 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................72 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................59

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Safety and security Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................14 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............31 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................33

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................43

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................112 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................88

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......101 Physician density................................................................84 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................70 Access to improved drinking water ...................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................16 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................20 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................111

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.02 6.05 6.04

Air transport infrastructure

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................56

International air transport network .....................................17 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................22 Available seat kilometers....................................................22 Number of operating airlines..............................................28 Airport density ....................................................................36

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................56

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................84

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................34 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................43 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................43

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................82 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................71

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................41

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................89 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................73

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................49

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................27 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................50

Human resources 11.01 11.05 11.04 11.02

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Extent of staff training........................................................26 Local availability of research and training services.............30 Secondary education enrollment........................................50

Human resources 11.07 11.08 11.06 11.10 11.11 11.03 11.09

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................121 HIV prevalence .................................................................121 Hiring and firing practices.................................................120 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................120 Life expectancy ................................................................111 Quality of the educational system .....................................98 Malaria incidence................................................................79

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................55

Natural and cultural resources National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................2 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................38

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................21 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................99 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................82 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................76

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Spain Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................43.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................505.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................1,126.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................26,320 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................81,639...................6.9...................2.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,473...................7.5...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................212,308.................17.8...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,743.................19.1...................3.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................55,577 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........47,891 60,000

324

50,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

40,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

30,000 20,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................15

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................25

5.2 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................45 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................40 Safety and security .............................................................................................46 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................21 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................3

4.9 4.5 4.8 5.9 5.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................7

5.0

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................7 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................18 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................2 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................32 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................105

5.2 5.4 6.8 3.9 3.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................19

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................45 Education and training.................................................................................34 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................89 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................24 National tourism perception..............................................................................55 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................17

5.3 5.2 3.9 6.8 5.1 5.6 1

2

3

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Spain T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................2 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................12

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.03 1.04 1.01 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................80 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................46 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................33 Property rights....................................................................26

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................7 6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................8

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................63 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................39 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............39

Safety and security

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................2 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................8

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................98 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................52 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................22

Health and hygiene

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.09 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

Natural and cultural resources

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........64 4.02 Physician density................................................................22

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................21 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................17

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................2

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06

Airport density ....................................................................83 Departures per 1,000 population........................................24 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................23 International air transport network .....................................20

7.03 7.01 7.02 7.04

Port infrastructure ..............................................................23 Road infrastructure.............................................................21 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................18 Domestic transport network ..............................................17

Ground transport infrastructure

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................44 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................35 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................31

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.03 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................105 Purchasing power parity...................................................102 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................65 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................19

11.06 11.08 11.03 11.07 11.05 11.04 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................113 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Quality of the educational system .....................................67 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................42 Extent of staff training........................................................41 Local availability of research and training services.............35 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................32

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................43 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................38 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................23

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................51 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................31 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................20

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Sri Lanka Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................19.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................65.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................23.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,384 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,024...................4.0...................5.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................271...................3.2...................2.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,477...................9.6...................5.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................662...................7.9...................2.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................549 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............429 600

326

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................79

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................70

3.9 4.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................64 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................74 Safety and security ...........................................................................................112 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................70 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................37

4.7 3.8 3.3 4.5 4.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................91

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................91 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................74 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................102 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................94 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................53

2.5 3.1 2.0 2.0 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................70

4.7

Human resources ................................................................................................84 Education and training.................................................................................75 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................110 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................65 National tourism perception..............................................................................70 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................51

4.8 4.5 3.6 6.4 4.7 4.5 1

2

3

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Sri Lanka T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................46

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................78 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................69 1.02 Property rights....................................................................63

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Health and hygiene Environmental regulation

4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................48

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................27 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................37

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................23 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................23

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............81 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................80 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................54

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................123 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................93 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................74

Health and hygiene Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1

4.02 Physician density................................................................90 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................87 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........55

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................36 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................43

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................51

Air transport infrastructure

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................30

6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06 6.05 6.02

Airport density ..................................................................116 Departures per 1,000 population........................................86 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................75 International air transport network .....................................67 Number of operating airlines..............................................61 Available seat kilometers....................................................52

7.04 7.01 7.02 7.03

Domestic transport network ............................................105 Road infrastructure.............................................................81 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................61 Port infrastructure ..............................................................56

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................89 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................81

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................103 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................93 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................77

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................115 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................73

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................76

11.07 11.06 11.01 11.09 11.04 11.05 11.03 11.02 11.10 11.11

Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................102 Hiring and firing practices...................................................98 Primary education enrollment ............................................97 Malaria incidence................................................................85 Local availability of research and training services.............82 Extent of staff training........................................................75 Quality of the educational system .....................................70 Secondary education enrollment........................................69 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................69 Life expectancy ..................................................................66

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................93 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................70 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................54

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Suriname Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................163.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................1.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,683 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................37...................2.8...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................4...................2.7...................2.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................95...................7.2...................3.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................11...................6.6...................2.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................160 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................45 200

328

150

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

100

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

50 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................108

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................110

3.5 3.4

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................107 Environmental regulation .................................................................................122 Safety and security .............................................................................................84 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................71 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................116

3.5 2.7 4.1 4.5 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................87

2.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................81 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................102 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................59 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................82 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................93

2.7 2.5 3.1 2.3 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................112

4.0

Human resources ................................................................................................97 Education and training...............................................................................100 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................100 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................91 National tourism perception..............................................................................97 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................115

4.5 4.0 3.7 5.7 4.4 3.2 1

2

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Suriname T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................23

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................42

1.03 1.04 1.01 1.02

Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................112 Visa requirements ............................................................100 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................97 Property rights....................................................................94

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ......................................................................4 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................46

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................123 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............119 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................113

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Safety and security

10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................36

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................46

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................94 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................82 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................63

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......107 4.02 Physician density................................................................95 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 5.01 5.03 5.02

T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................103 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................97 T&T government expenditure ............................................94

329 Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.06 6.01 6.02

Number of operating airlines............................................122 International air transport network ...................................122 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................119 Available seat kilometers..................................................104

7.04 7.02 7.03 7.01

Domestic transport network ............................................110 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................100 Port infrastructure ..............................................................93 Road infrastructure.............................................................88

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................62

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................108 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................78 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................62

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................112 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................97

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................93 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................84 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................59

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.02 13.05 13.01

Business concern for ecosystems ...................................116 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................112 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................96 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

11.06 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.09 11.08 11.11 11.02 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................121 Quality of the educational system ...................................116 Local availability of research and training services...........115 Extent of staff training......................................................109 Malaria incidence..............................................................105 HIV prevalence ...................................................................98 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Secondary education enrollment........................................82 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................71

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Sweden Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................450.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................358.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................29,926 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,790...................2.7...................3.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................118...................2.8...................1.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................28,938...................7.9...................3.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................344...................8.0...................1.0 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,133 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........7,427 8,000

330

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

7,000 6,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................17

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................19

5.1 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................23 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................7 Safety and security .............................................................................................15 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................13 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................93

5.3 5.9 5.6 6.2 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................13

4.9

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................11 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................12 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................27 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................1 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................122

4.9 5.7 4.4 6.3 3.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................27

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................31 Education and training...................................................................................8 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................118 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................1 National tourism perception..............................................................................99 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................8

5.4 6.1 3.3 7.0 4.4 6.0 1

2

3

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Sweden T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................9 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................16

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................72 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................35

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................4 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................6

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................27 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................26 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................18

Health and hygiene Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................12

4.02 Physician density................................................................23 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........19

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................11 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................12 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................12

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

T&T government expenditure ............................................82 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................80 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................78 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

6.02 6.06 6.01 6.04 6.05

Available seat kilometers....................................................34 International air transport network .....................................23 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................21 Airport density ....................................................................20 Number of operating airlines..............................................18

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................2 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................2 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................4

Human resources 11.02 11.09 11.10 11.05 11.11 11.04

Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................2 Extent of staff training..........................................................3 Life expectancy ....................................................................3 Local availability of research and training services...............8

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.04 13.02 13.01

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................3 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................5 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................14

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................18

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................34 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................21

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.03 10.02 10.01

Fuel price level .................................................................120 Extent and effect of taxation............................................117 Purchasing power parity...................................................116 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................33

11.06 11.07 11.01 11.08 11.03

Hiring and firing practices.................................................123 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................87 Primary education enrollment ............................................84 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25 Quality of the educational system .....................................24

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................109 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................57 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................51

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................48

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Switzerland Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.4 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................41.3 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................367.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................32,571 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................23,185...................6.2...................2.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................342...................8.1...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................53,850.................14.3...................2.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................759.................18.0...................1.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................7,229 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........11,040 12,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

332 10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

8,000

6,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................1

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................2

5.7 5.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................21 Environmental regulation .....................................................................................4 Safety and security ...............................................................................................5 Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................8 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................8

5.3 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................2

5.4

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................9 Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................5 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................4 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................9 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................115

5.0 6.4 6.5 5.5 3.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................2

5.8

Human resources ..................................................................................................1 Education and training...................................................................................1 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................7 Workforce wellness .......................................................................................6 National tourism perception..............................................................................62 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................6

6.3 6.3 5.5 6.9 4.9 6.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Switzerland T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights......................................................................4

Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................2 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................5

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.04 1.01 1.03

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................61 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................23 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................16

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Safety and security

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................12

3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................5 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................7

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................40

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........20 4.02 Physician density................................................................11

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................6 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................10

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................1 7.04 Domestic transport network ................................................2 7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................3

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................6 8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................7

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 5.03 5.02 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................31 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................24 T&T government expenditure ............................................15 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

6.04 6.02 6.06 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................50 Available seat kilometers....................................................26 International air transport network .....................................15 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................14

Air transport infrastructure

Ground transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure

7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................21

9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................3 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................7

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................24

Human resources 11.01 11.05 11.09 11.11 11.03 11.04 11.06 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Extent of staff training..........................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Life expectancy ....................................................................3 Quality of the educational system .......................................4 Local availability of research and training services...............4 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................4 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................10

13.05 13.02 13.04 13.03

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................2 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................6 Nationally protected areas....................................................8

Natural and cultural resources

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 10.04 10.01 10.03

Purchasing power parity...................................................121 Fuel price level .................................................................120 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................59 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................15

Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................69 11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................43 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................26

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................59 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................52 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................33

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

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Taiwan, China Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................22.9 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................36.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................346.2 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................27,721 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,681...................1.2...................3.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................170...................1.7...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................17,718...................4.6...................4.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................529...................5.2...................1.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,378 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,977 5,000

334

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000 3,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................30

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................45

4.8 4.7

Policy rules and regulations................................................................................8 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................21 Safety and security .............................................................................................32 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................85 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................78

5.7 5.2 5.2 4.1 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................28

4.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................52 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................14 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................74 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................14 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................15

3.2 5.7 2.7 5.3 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................23

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................15 Education and training.................................................................................17 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................47 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................41 National tourism perception..............................................................................17 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................63

5.7 5.9 4.6 6.6 6.0 4.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Taiwan, China T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Environmental regulation

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.02 Property rights....................................................................39 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................36 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................35

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................20 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............20

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................42

Health and hygiene Safety and security

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........27

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................20 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................23

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................52 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................36 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................30

Health and hygiene Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.04 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................12 Road infrastructure.............................................................13 Domestic transport network ..............................................18 Port infrastructure ..............................................................20

Tourism infrastructure

4.02 Physician density................................................................61

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

T&T government expenditure ............................................94 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................74 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................60 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

6.04 6.03 6.05 6.06

Airport density ..................................................................104 Departures per 1,000 population........................................99 Number of operating airlines..............................................51 International air transport network .....................................43

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................10

Air transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................9 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................14 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................18

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................13 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................20

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.03 11.05 11.04 11.02 11.06

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .......................................9 Extent of staff training........................................................19 Local availability of research and training services.............21 Secondary education enrollment........................................27 Hiring and firing practices...................................................27

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................17

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................86

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................70 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................38

Human resources 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................75 11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................60 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................35

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................65 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................56

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................37

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Tajikistan Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................142.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................2.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,388 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.7 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2001 .................................4 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..................2 4

336

3

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................110

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................97

3.5 3.7

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................102 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................89 Safety and security .............................................................................................78 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................92 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................106

3.7 3.5 4.1 4.0 3.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................112

2.5

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................109 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................94 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................124 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................101 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................27

2.1 2.6 1.0 1.9 5.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................105

4.2

Human resources ................................................................................................87 Education and training.................................................................................87 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................31 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................94 National tourism perception..............................................................................90 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................113

4.8 4.2 4.7 5.5 4.5 3.2 1

2

3

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4

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Tajikistan T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Health and hygiene

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

4.02 Physician density................................................................50

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................20 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................31 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

Human resources 11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................22

1.01 1.03 1.04 1.02

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................117 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................100 Visa requirements ............................................................100 Property rights....................................................................72

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................99 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............78 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................76

Safety and security National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................12

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................107 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................73 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................59

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................102 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................82 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........55

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..........................................................117 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................88 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................68

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.06 6.01 6.03 6.05 6.04

Available seat kilometers..................................................112 International air transport network ...................................111 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................110 Departures per 1,000 population........................................85 Number of operating airlines..............................................72 Airport density ....................................................................58

7.03 7.01 7.04 7.02

Port infrastructure ............................................................115 Road infrastructure...........................................................109 Domestic transport network ..............................................94 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................55

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................121 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................114 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................100

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................123 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................100 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................83

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................78

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Human resources Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................106 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................64

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.01 13.03 13.05 13.04

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................114 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Nationally protected areas..................................................85 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................77 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................69

11.05 11.03 11.04 11.10 11.11 11.09 11.01 11.02 11.07

Extent of staff training......................................................110 Quality of the educational system ...................................107 Local availability of research and training services...........106 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................97 Life expectancy ..................................................................93 Malaria incidence................................................................88 Primary education enrollment ............................................80 Secondary education enrollment........................................71 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................69

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Tanzania Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................38.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................945.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................12.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................723 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.8 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................427...................3.2...................4.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................222...................2.5...................4.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,042...................7.8...................4.5 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................554...................6.2...................3.8 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................566 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............796 800

338

600

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................80

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................72

3.9 4.1

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................101 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................44 Safety and security .............................................................................................79 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................101 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................31

3.7 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................89

2.9

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................100 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................68 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................84 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................108 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................63

2.3 3.4 2.4 1.8 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................75

4.6

Human resources ..............................................................................................110 Education and training...............................................................................111 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................54 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................112 National tourism perception..............................................................................42 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................34

3.7 3.6 4.5 2.9 5.3 5.0 1

2

3

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Tanzania T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................36 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................40

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................106 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................102 1.02 Property rights....................................................................84

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................20 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............43

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................68

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........44

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

T&T government expenditure ............................................24 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................26 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................33 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................86 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................82 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................53

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..............................................................122 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................95 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................89

Human resources Air transport infrastructure

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................24

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................7 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................26 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30

6.03 6.01 6.04 6.02 6.06 6.05

Departures per 1,000 population......................................106 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................88 Airport density ....................................................................87 Available seat kilometers....................................................82 International air transport network .....................................81 Number of operating airlines..............................................77

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure.............................................................73 Port infrastructure ..............................................................68 Domestic transport network ..............................................68 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................56

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................93 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................118 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................109 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................87

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.01 10.02 10.03

Fuel price level ...................................................................77 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................69 Purchasing power parity.....................................................54 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................53

Human resources 11.02 11.08 11.11 11.09 11.10 11.05 11.03 11.06 11.04 11.07

Secondary education enrollment......................................121 HIV prevalence .................................................................116 Life expectancy ................................................................111 Malaria incidence..............................................................108 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................107 Extent of staff training........................................................87 Quality of the educational system .....................................84 Hiring and firing practices...................................................56 Local availability of research and training services.............54 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................51

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................65 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................53

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................80

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Thailand Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................64.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................513.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................173.1 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................8,368 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................13,558...................6.5...................4.9 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,842...................5.2...................1.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................29,587.................14.3...................5.2 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,820.................10.7...................1.4 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................11,567 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........10,108 12,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands)

340 10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

8,000

6,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................43

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................41

4.6 4.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................55 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................39 Safety and security .............................................................................................42 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................59 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................25

4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................35

4.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................25 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................28 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................53 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................58 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................4

4.1 4.7 3.4 2.8 5.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................59

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................75 Education and training.................................................................................48 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................81 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................90 National tourism perception..............................................................................35 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................77

5.0 5.0 4.1 5.8 5.4 4.1 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Thailand T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.02 Property rights....................................................................40

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................104 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................58 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................58

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................37 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............38

Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................44

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................40 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................41

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................80

Health and hygiene Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........34 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36

4.02 Physician density................................................................97 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................70

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................11 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................14

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................69

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ..................................................................104 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................64

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.01 6.06

Number of operating airlines..............................................11 Available seat kilometers....................................................14 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................31 International air transport network .....................................41

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................44

ICT infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 7.04 7.03 7.02

Road infrastructure.............................................................28 Domestic transport network ..............................................31 Port infrastructure ..............................................................37 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................40

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................42

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................28

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.04 10.03 10.02

Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................11 Fuel price level ...................................................................19 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................22 Purchasing power parity.....................................................27

Human resources 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................30 11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................41

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................6 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................26 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................28

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................28

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................80 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................61

Human resources 11.08 11.01 11.10 11.09 11.07 11.02 11.11 11.04 11.06

HIV prevalence ...................................................................96 Primary education enrollment ............................................91 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................88 Malaria incidence................................................................86 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................84 Secondary education enrollment........................................77 Life expectancy ..................................................................75 Local availability of research and training services.............66 Hiring and firing practices...................................................65

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 13.02 13.01 13.04

Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................102 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................97 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................46

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Trinidad and Tobago Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.3 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................5.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................16.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................14,258 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................718...................5.1...................4.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................36...................6.0...................2.4

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,065.................14.6...................4.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................104.................17.3...................2.6 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................463 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............453 500

342

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

400 300

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................85

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................88

3.8 3.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................60 Environmental regulation .................................................................................100 Safety and security ...........................................................................................121 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................64 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................75

4.7 3.3 2.9 4.7 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................65

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................46 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................90 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................65 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................57 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................50

3.4 2.8 3.0 2.8 4.7

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................104

4.2

Human resources ................................................................................................64 Education and training.................................................................................57 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................68 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................74 National tourism perception............................................................................106 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................111

5.1 4.9 4.2 6.2 4.3 3.2 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Trinidad and Tobago T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................38 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................39 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................42

Rank/124

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................85 1.02 Property rights....................................................................65

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................107 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............87 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................39 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................122 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................117 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................108

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................11

Health and hygiene Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................10 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................24

Human resources 11.01 11.10 11.06 11.03

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................27 Hiring and firing practices...................................................47 Quality of the educational system .....................................48

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......106 4.02 Physician density................................................................83 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................89 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................81

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.05 6.04 6.06 6.01

Available seat kilometers....................................................79 Number of operating airlines..............................................75 Airport density ....................................................................71 International air transport network .....................................69 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................61

7.02 7.04 7.03 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................118 Domestic transport network ..............................................98 Port infrastructure ..............................................................79 Road infrastructure.............................................................71

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................54 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................51

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................64 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................57 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................51

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................104 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................93

Human resources 11.08 11.07 11.11 11.04 11.02 11.05

HIV prevalence .................................................................106 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................93 Life expectancy ..................................................................75 Local availability of research and training services.............72 Secondary education enrollment........................................66 Extent of staff training........................................................51

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................99 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................99 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................68

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.01 13.04 13.03

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................116 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................81 Nationally protected areas..................................................71

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Tunisia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................10.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................163.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................28.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................8,255 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................4.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,760...................9.2...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................271...................9.0...................2.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,449.................18.1...................4.4 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................510.................17.0...................1.9 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................6,378 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,063 8,000

344

6,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

2,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................34

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................12

4.8 5.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................42 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................16 Safety and security .............................................................................................14 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................52 Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................1

5.0 5.5 5.6 5.0 5.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................47

3.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................78 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................27 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................45 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................69 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................23

2.7 4.8 3.7 2.5 5.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................37

5.2

Human resources ................................................................................................22 Education and training.................................................................................27 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................40 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................40 National tourism perception..............................................................................50 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................40

5.5 5.4 4.7 6.6 5.2 4.7 1

2

3

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Tunisia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................25

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................3 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............17 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................26

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................15 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................21 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................24

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........3

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 5.01 5.03 5.02

T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................10 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................14 T&T government expenditure ............................................17

Ground transport infrastructure

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 1.01 1.04 1.02

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................57 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................51 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................35

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................78 4.02 Physician density................................................................66 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................56

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.02 6.03 6.05 6.06 6.01

Airport density ....................................................................91 Available seat kilometers....................................................70 Departures per 1,000 population........................................62 Number of operating airlines..............................................57 International air transport network .....................................57 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................49

Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................37 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................36 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................34

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................25

Tourism infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................17

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................18 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................21 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................32

Human resources 11.01 11.08 11.09 11.03 11.06 11.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Quality of the educational system .....................................11 Hiring and firing practices...................................................32 Local availability of research and training services.............33

National tourism perception

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................71 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................77 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................70 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................59

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................103

Human resources 11.02 11.07 11.11 11.05 11.10

Secondary education enrollment........................................72 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................61 Life expectancy ..................................................................53 Extent of staff training........................................................36 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................34

12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................18

National tourism perception Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................20 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................75 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................34

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................106 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................73

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Turkey Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................72.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................783.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................362.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,950 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................7.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................23,019...................5.7...................3.6 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................726...................3.3...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................54,220.................13.5...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,710...................7.8...................0.3 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................20,273 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........18,152 25,000

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

20,000 15,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

10,000 5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................52

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................53

4.3 4.5

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................51 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................61 Safety and security .............................................................................................56 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................54 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................54

4.8 4.0 4.6 4.9 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................63

3.5

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................51 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................59 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................55 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................54 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................86

3.3 3.7 3.3 3.0 4.2

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................48

5.0

Human resources ................................................................................................65 Education and training.................................................................................63 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................83 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................56 National tourism perception..............................................................................43 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................47

5.1 4.7 4.1 6.5 5.3 4.6 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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5

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Turkey T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................42

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................82 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................67 1.02 Property rights....................................................................53

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Safety and security Environmental regulation

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................47

Health and hygiene 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................49

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............64 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................61 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................56

Safety and security

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ..............................................................4

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................90 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................51

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................16 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................27 6.06 International air transport network .....................................49

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................64 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........62 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................54

Ground transport infrastructure Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................28

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................47

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................110 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................73 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................65

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ..................................................................104 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................65 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................54

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................20

Human resources 11.08 11.05 11.04 11.10

HIV prevalence .....................................................................1 Extent of staff training........................................................39 Local availability of research and training services.............41 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................49

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................1 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................40

Natural and cultural resources

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................76 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................67 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................53

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................96 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................61

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................61 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................55

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................21

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................107 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................83 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................76

Human resources 11.01 11.06 11.09 11.02 11.03 11.07 11.11

Primary education enrollment ..........................................111 Hiring and firing practices...................................................88 Malaria incidence................................................................76 Secondary education enrollment........................................75 Quality of the educational system .....................................73 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................67 Life expectancy ..................................................................66

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................58

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................99 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................70 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................68

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Uganda Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................28.8 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................241.0 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................8.7 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................1,501 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.0 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................427...................4.6...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................214...................3.6...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................856...................9.2...................4.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................434...................7.3...................3.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................468 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............355 600

348

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................101

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................105

3.6 3.5

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................103 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................66 Safety and security ...........................................................................................109 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................112 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................79

3.7 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................119

2.4

Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................115 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................101 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................119 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................100 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................65

2.0 2.5 1.4 1.9 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................66

4.7

Human resources ..............................................................................................109 Education and training...............................................................................104 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................11 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................118 National tourism perception..............................................................................18 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................64

3.9 3.9 5.3 2.4 5.9 4.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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Uganda T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................17 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................22

1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................113 1.02 Property rights..................................................................101 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................95

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................41

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............77 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................75

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................41 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................8

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................119 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................86 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................85

Health and hygiene

Human resources 11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................14 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................17

4.02 4.04 4.03 4.01

Physician density..............................................................112 Access to improved drinking water .................................104 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................96 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........52

National tourism perception Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................4

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................90 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................78

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................11 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................17

Air transport infrastructure 6.03 6.04 6.02 6.06 6.01 6.05

Departures per 1,000 population......................................115 Airport density ..................................................................111 Available seat kilometers..................................................100 International air transport network ...................................100 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................96 Number of operating airlines..............................................88

7.03 7.02 7.04 7.01

Port infrastructure ............................................................109 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................101 Domestic transport network ..............................................88 Road infrastructure.............................................................85

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................109 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................97

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................122 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................110 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................74

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................104 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................78 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................75

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

11.09 11.10 11.02 11.11 11.08 11.05 11.03 11.04

Malaria incidence..............................................................124 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................119 Secondary education enrollment......................................116 Life expectancy ................................................................110 HIV prevalence .................................................................108 Extent of staff training........................................................74 Quality of the educational system .....................................64 Local availability of research and training services.............61

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................82 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................89

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Ukraine Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................47.1 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................603.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................82.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,213 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,467...................1.6...................6.3 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................254...................1.2...................1.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,888...................8.3...................4.5 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,395...................6.8..................-0.2 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ........................15,629 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,125 20,000

350

15,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

10,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

5,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................78

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................76

3.9 4.0

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................88 Environmental regulation .................................................................................109 Safety and security .............................................................................................73 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................39 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................90

4.0 3.0 4.2 5.5 3.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................73

3.2

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................87 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................67 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................75 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................64 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................37

2.6 3.4 2.7 2.6 4.9

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................89

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................73 Education and training.................................................................................68 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................53 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................85 National tourism perception..............................................................................46 Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................118

5.0 4.6 4.5 5.9 5.2 3.1 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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6

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Ukraine T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................43

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.05

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................114 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................107 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............98

Safety and security

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................30

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................120 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................117 Property rights..................................................................113 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................98

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................31 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................38

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................87 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................69

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................31 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................41

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......103

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................32

Tourism infrastructure

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................114 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................105 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................43

Air transport infrastructure ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................49

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................17 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................29

Human resources 11.09 11.06 11.02 11.03

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Hiring and firing practices...................................................20 Secondary education enrollment........................................45 Quality of the educational system .....................................47

6.06 6.01 6.03 6.02

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................104 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................76 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................66

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................99 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................16

Natural and cultural resources

International air transport network ...................................110 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................106 Departures per 1,000 population........................................80 Available seat kilometers....................................................61

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................89 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................72

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................101 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................82

Human resources 11.01 11.07 11.05 11.08 11.04 11.11 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..........................................106 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................101 Extent of staff training......................................................100 HIV prevalence ...................................................................95 Local availability of research and training services.............86 Life expectancy ..................................................................83 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................82

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................114 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................61

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 13.04 13.03 13.01

Carbon dioxide damage....................................................120 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................98 Nationally protected areas..................................................86 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

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United Arab Emirates Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................83.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................129.6 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................27,957 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,483...................1.1...................8.7 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................40...................1.6...................5.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................15,736.................12.1...................5.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................294.................11.7...................2.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2003 ..........................5,871 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,200 6,000

352

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

5,000 4,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................18

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................18

5.1 5.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................54 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................25 Safety and security .............................................................................................10 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................25 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................23

4.8 5.1 5.8 5.8 4.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................19

4.7

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................8 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................26 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................24 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................42 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................8

5.0 4.8 4.5 3.5 5.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................24

5.3

Human resources ................................................................................................29 Education and training.................................................................................73 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................19 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................31 National tourism perception................................................................................3 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................80

5.5 4.5 5.1 6.8 6.5 3.9 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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United Arab Emirates T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ......................5

Safety and security 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................11 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................11

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.03

Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................93 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................44 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................42 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................37

Environmental regulation

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........9

Rank/124

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................35 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............30

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................1 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................4 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................42

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density................................................................52

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 6.01 6.05 6.03

International air transport network .......................................6 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................7 Number of operating airlines..............................................13 Departures per 1,000 population........................................15

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................91

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................43 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................20

Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................9 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................12

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................73 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................30

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................3 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................3 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................13

Human resources

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................37 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................29

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................45 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................45 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................36

11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry National tourism perception

10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................101

12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................5 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................7

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.08 11.04 11.05 11.10 11.03 11.11 11.06 11.07

Primary education enrollment ..........................................115 Secondary education enrollment........................................88 HIV prevalence ...................................................................47 Local availability of research and training services.............42 Extent of staff training........................................................37 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................35 Quality of the educational system .....................................32 Life expectancy ..................................................................29 Hiring and firing practices...................................................23 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................20

13.03 13.01 13.02 13.04

Nationally protected areas................................................109 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................84 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................34

Natural and cultural resources

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United Kingdom Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................60.2 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................243.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................2,229.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................30,436 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................1.9 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................79,874...................3.5...................1.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................986...................3.2 .................–0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................212,793...................9.4...................2.4 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,661...................8.6 .................–0.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................29,970 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........30,669 35,000

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30,000

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

25,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

20,000 15,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................10

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................21

5.3 5.2

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................11 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................14 Safety and security .............................................................................................44 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................33 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................35

5.5 5.5 4.9 5.7 4.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................6

5.1

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................3 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................16 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................19 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................5 Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................120

5.6 5.5 5.2 5.7 3.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................10

5.6

Human resources ..................................................................................................6 Education and training.................................................................................12 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................20 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................17 National tourism perception..............................................................................94 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................5

6.0 6.0 5.1 6.9 4.4 6.3 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

4

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United Kingdom T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................5 1.02 Property rights......................................................................6 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................7

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................38

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................44 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................13 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............11

Air transport infrastructure 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.01

Safety and security

Number of operating airlines................................................2 Available seat kilometers......................................................3 International air transport network .......................................4 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................6

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................112 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................31 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................19

Tourism infrastructure

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........46 4.02 Physician density................................................................44

Health and hygiene 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use ...........................................2 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................8

11.01 11.02 11.09 11.04

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Human resources

5.02 5.01 5.03 5.04

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Local availability of research and training services...............3

6.04 Airport density ....................................................................56 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................20

Air transport infrastructure

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................6

T&T government expenditure ............................................67 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................63 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................29 T&T fair attendance ............................................................15

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.01

Railroad infrastructure ........................................................20 Port infrastructure ..............................................................19 Domestic transport network ..............................................16 Road infrastructure.............................................................14

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................25 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................12

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................12

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 10.02 10.01 10.03

Fuel price level .................................................................123 Purchasing power parity...................................................114 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................79 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................25

11.08 11.06 11.03 11.10 11.05 11.11 11.07

HIV prevalence ...................................................................48 Hiring and firing practices...................................................32 Quality of the educational system .....................................29 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................18 Extent of staff training........................................................16 Life expectancy ..................................................................15 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................13

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................97 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................69 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................62

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................16 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................14 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................11

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United States Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..........................................................................296.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,629.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ........................................12,455.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................41,399 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.2 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................518,336...................3.9...................2.5 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................5,834...................4.1...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ......................................................1,390,791.................10.5...................2.9 Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................15,604.................10.9...................0.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................49,402 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........81,680 100,000

356

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

80,000 60,000

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

40,000 20,000 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index........................................................................................................5

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................33

5.4 5.1

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................13 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................23 Safety and security .............................................................................................45 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................32 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................47

5.5 5.2 4.8 5.7 4.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................1

5.7

Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................1 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................11 Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................3 ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................7 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................99

6.8 5.8 6.5 5.6 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................12

5.5

Human resources ..................................................................................................5 Education and training.................................................................................11 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................16 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................26 National tourism perception............................................................................112 Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................3

6.0 6.0 5.1 6.8 4.1 6.4 1

2

3

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”

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United States T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................8

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1 4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.02

Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................44 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................43 Visa requirements ..............................................................43 Property rights....................................................................21

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.05 6.04 6.03

Available seat kilometers......................................................1 Number of operating airlines................................................1 Airport density ......................................................................8 Departures per 1,000 population........................................10

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................7

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................49 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................21 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............19

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................110 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................42 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................16

Health and hygiene

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................1

4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........60 4.02 Physician density................................................................37

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users .......................................................................6 9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................8

Human resources 11.09 11.10 11.04 11.05

Malaria incidence..................................................................1 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................3 Local availability of research and training services...............5 Extent of staff training..........................................................9

5.01 5.03 5.04 5.02

Air transport infrastructure 6.06 International air transport network .....................................14 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................11

Ground transport infrastructure

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................10 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................10

Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................84 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................54 T&T fair attendance ............................................................35 T&T government expenditure ............................................29

7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................15 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................15 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................11

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................13

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................12

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 10.02 10.04 10.03

Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................109 Purchasing power parity.....................................................99 Fuel price level ...................................................................43 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................31

11.01 11.08 11.07 11.02 11.11 11.03 11.06

Primary education enrollment ............................................86 HIV prevalence ...................................................................78 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................43 Secondary education enrollment........................................41 Life expectancy ..................................................................24 Quality of the educational system .....................................15 Hiring and firing practices...................................................11

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................101 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................99 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................90

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................46 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................17

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Uruguay Key indicators Population (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.5 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................176.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................16.9 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................10,720 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.6 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................855...................4.6...................3.8 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................77...................5.5...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,996.................10.7...................3.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................166.................11.8...................1.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,808 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............594 2,500

358

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2,000 1,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000 500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................56

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................43

4.3 4.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................50 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................50 Safety and security .............................................................................................60 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................20 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................44

4.8 4.3 4.6 5.9 4.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................67

3.3

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................92 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................64 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................69 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................47 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................70

2.5 3.5 2.8 3.3 4.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................64

4.8

Human resources ................................................................................................51 Education and training.................................................................................54 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................76 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................37 National tourism perception..............................................................................64 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................71

5.2 4.9 4.2 6.7 4.8 4.2 1

2

3

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Uruguay T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................45

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................77 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................55 1.02 Property rights....................................................................55

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................46 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............46

Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................67

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................2

Safety and security 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................83 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................70

Health and hygiene 4.02 Physician density..................................................................9 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................38 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................41

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........61

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................30 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................45 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................31

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................58

Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.05 6.02 6.06 6.03

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................101 Number of operating airlines..............................................97 Available seat kilometers....................................................96 International air transport network .....................................90 Departures per 1,000 population........................................54

Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................46 7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................46

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................95 7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................69

Tourism infrastructure Tourism infrastructure

8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................45

ICT infrastructure

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................75 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................41 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................48

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................54

Human resources 11.01 11.02 11.07 11.11 11.10

Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 Secondary education enrollment..........................................1 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................29 Life expectancy ..................................................................39 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................40

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 10.01 10.04 10.02

Extent and effect of taxation..............................................95 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................66 Fuel price level ...................................................................66 Purchasing power parity.....................................................59

11.06 11.05 11.03 11.04 11.08

Hiring and firing practices.................................................101 Extent of staff training........................................................80 Quality of the educational system .....................................75 Local availability of research and training services.............64 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................33 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................35

Natural and cultural resources 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................30 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................33

Human resources

National tourism perception 12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................62

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................106 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

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Venezuela Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................26.6 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................912.1 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................132.8 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................6,186 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.3 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,602...................1.9...................4.1 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................205...................2.0...................3.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................12,551...................9.0...................3.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................855...................8.2...................2.7 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................706 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............641 1,000

360

800

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

600

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

400 200 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................99

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................117

3.6 3.3

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................90 Environmental regulation .................................................................................108 Safety and security ...........................................................................................122 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................78 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................112

3.8 3.1 2.8 4.2 2.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................78

3.1

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................58 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................95 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................67 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................77 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................61

3.1 2.6 2.9 2.4 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................92

4.4

Human resources ................................................................................................94 Education and training.................................................................................86 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................120 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................54 National tourism perception............................................................................124 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................33

4.6 4.3 3.1 6.5 3.5 5.1 1

2

3

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Venezuela T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

1.02 1.03 1.01 1.05

Property rights..................................................................123 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................120 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................102 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................84

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2

Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................40 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................45 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................47

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................122 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............104 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................73

Safety and security

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................1

Human resources

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................123 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................123 3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................94

11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1 11.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................1

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.04 4.03 4.02

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......121 Access to improved drinking water ...................................74 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................66 Physician density................................................................55

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................124 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................124 5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................54

361 Air transport infrastructure 6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................79 6.06 International air transport network .....................................72

Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 7.01 7.04 7.03

Railroad infrastructure ......................................................108 Road infrastructure.............................................................93 Domestic transport network ..............................................90 Port infrastructure ..............................................................85

Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................67 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................59 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................79 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................73 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................69

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................106 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................92 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................71

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................123 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................116 12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................100

11.06 11.03 11.07 11.09 11.04 11.02 11.05 11.08 11.10

Hiring and firing practices.................................................124 Quality of the educational system ...................................112 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................100 Malaria incidence................................................................95 Local availability of research and training services.............92 Secondary education enrollment........................................84 Extent of staff training........................................................82 HIV prevalence ...................................................................82 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................53

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................91 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................84 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Vietnam Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................83.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................331.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................51.4 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................3,025 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.4 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,843...................3.2...................6.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................953...................2.5...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,254.................10.9...................7.1 Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,364...................8.7...................2.5 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,468 International tourism receipts (US$ millions).........................N/A 3,500

362

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................87

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................84

3.8 3.9

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................104 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................84 Safety and security .............................................................................................51 Health and hygiene .............................................................................................94 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................76

3.7 3.6 4.8 4.0 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................95

2.8

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................90 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................85 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................121 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................88 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................10

2.5 2.9 1.1 2.1 5.5

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................76

4.6

Human resources ................................................................................................81 Education and training.................................................................................82 Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................52 Workforce wellness .....................................................................................83 National tourism perception..............................................................................51 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................84

4.9 4.3 4.5 5.9 5.1 3.8 1

2

3

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Vietnam T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Safety and security

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................46

Health and hygiene 4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........15

1.01 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.02

Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................121 Visa requirements ..............................................................94 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................84 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................73 Property rights....................................................................69

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Environmental regulation

5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................41 6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................45

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................108 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............101 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................51

Safety and security Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................10 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................15 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................37

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................45

3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................61 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................56

Health and hygiene 4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................96 4.02 Physician density................................................................92 4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................83

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................99 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................61 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................56

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 6.03 6.01 6.06

Airport density ..................................................................123 Departures per 1,000 population........................................92 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................82 International air transport network .....................................76

7.01 7.03 7.04 7.02

Road infrastructure.............................................................91 Port infrastructure ..............................................................89 Domestic transport network ..............................................77 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................70

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................121 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................93 8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................88

ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................111 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................76 9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................74

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................54

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................123 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................66

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 13.02 13.03 13.05

Business concern for ecosystems .....................................99 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................98 Nationally protected areas..................................................88 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................79

11.03 11.01 11.10 11.09 11.02 11.04 11.05 11.08 11.11 11.07

Quality of the educational system ...................................100 Primary education enrollment ............................................94 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................94 Malaria incidence................................................................83 Secondary education enrollment........................................81 Local availability of research and training services.............76 Extent of staff training........................................................71 HIV prevalence ...................................................................69 Life expectancy ..................................................................66 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................63

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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Zambia Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................11.7 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................752.6 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................7.3 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................931 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.1 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................103...................1.3...................1.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................16...................1.1...................0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................334...................4.1...................2.2 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................51...................3.4...................0.8 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 .............................515 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ..............161 600

364

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

500 400

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

300 200 100 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index......................................................................................................94

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................86

3.7 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................58 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................95 Safety and security .............................................................................................70 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................117 Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................43

4.8 3.4 4.3 2.7 4.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................120

2.4

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................85 Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................123 Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................104 ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................114 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................94

2.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 4.1

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................72

4.7

Human resources ..............................................................................................115 Education and training...............................................................................116 Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................2 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................123 National tourism perception................................................................................6 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................69

3.4 3.3 5.8 1.1 6.4 4.2 1

2

3

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Zambia T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................6 1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................16

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations 1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................89 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................62 1.02 Property rights....................................................................61

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Environmental regulation Environmental regulation

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ....................17

Safety and security

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............122 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................119

3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................8

Safety and security Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................11 5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................23 5.04 T&T fair attendance ............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................48

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................104 3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................67

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.04 4.03

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......120 Physician density..............................................................109 Access to improved drinking water .................................106 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................91

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................26

5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................85

Human resources 11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................1 11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................12

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................3 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................25

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................6 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................36

Air transport infrastructure 6.02 6.03 6.05 6.01 6.06

Available seat kilometers..................................................105 Departures per 1,000 population........................................91 Number of operating airlines..............................................91 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................58 International air transport network .....................................56

7.04 7.03 7.01 7.02

Domestic transport network ............................................124 Port infrastructure ............................................................110 Road infrastructure...........................................................107 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................93

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................103 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................99 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................109 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................107 9.02 Internet users ...................................................................102

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................121 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................94 10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................83

Human resources 11.04 11.05 11.10 11.11 11.08 11.09 11.02 11.01 11.03

Local availability of research and training services...........124 Extent of staff training......................................................124 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................122 Life expectancy ................................................................121 HIV prevalence .................................................................119 Malaria incidence..............................................................119 Secondary education enrollment......................................113 Primary education enrollment ............................................90 Quality of the educational system .....................................59

Natural and cultural resources 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................124 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83

365

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Zimbabwe Key indicators Population (millions), 2005............................................................................13.0 Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................390.8 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................4.5 Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,607 Real GDP growth (percent), 2005..................................................................-6.5 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

2007–2016 annual growth (%, forecast)

Percent of total

T&T industry, 2006 estimates

GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................95...................2.3...................3.0 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................21...................2.1...................0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................218...................5.3...................1.9 Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48...................4.7..................-0.1 Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,559 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................99 2,500

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International tourist arrivals (thousands)

2,000 1,500

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

1,000 500 0 1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124)

2007 Index....................................................................................................107

Score (1–7 scale)

T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................108

3.5 3.5

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................114 Environmental regulation ...................................................................................90 Safety and security .............................................................................................86 Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................102 Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................105

3.4 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.0

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................84

3.0

Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................70 Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................81 Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................91 ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................95 Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................32

2.8 2.9 2.2 1.9 5.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................114

4.0

Human resources ..............................................................................................123 Education and training.................................................................................97 Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................124 Workforce wellness ...................................................................................124 National tourism perception..............................................................................29 Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................87

2.6 4.0 2.7 1.1 5.6 3.8 1

2

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Zimbabwe T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Rank/124

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Policy rules and regulations

Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations

1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Safety and security 3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................5

1.02 1.03 1.01 1.05

Property rights..................................................................124 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................124 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................114 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................91

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Environmental regulation

Air transport infrastructure 6.04 Airport density ....................................................................14 6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................25

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T ..................103 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................79 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............66

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry Safety and security

10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................2

3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................112 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................92

Human resources 11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................39 11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................50

Natural and cultural resources 13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................36 13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................43 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

Health and hygiene 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......118 Physician density..............................................................105 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................78 Access to improved drinking water ...................................74

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.03 5.01 5.02 5.04

Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................102 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................91 T&T government expenditure ............................................78 T&T fair attendance ............................................................70

367 Air transport infrastructure 6.01 6.06 6.02 6.05

Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................115 International air transport network ...................................114 Available seat kilometers....................................................95 Number of operating airlines..............................................94

7.04 7.03 7.01 7.02

Domestic transport network ............................................118 Port infrastructure ..............................................................81 Road infrastructure.............................................................70 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................57

Ground transport infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................104 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................92 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................103 9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................102 9.02 Internet users .....................................................................77

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry 10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................103 10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................58 10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................57

Human resources

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Rank/124

National tourism perception 12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................110 12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................75

Natural and cultural resources 13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................110 13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103

11.11 11.07 11.08 11.10 11.06 11.09 11.04 11.02 11.01

Life expectancy ................................................................124 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................123 HIV prevalence .................................................................122 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................121 Hiring and firing practices.................................................115 Malaria incidence..............................................................113 Local availability of research and training services...........108 Secondary education enrollment......................................106 Primary education enrollment ..........................................102

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

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How to Read the Data Tables

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How to Read the Data Tables

The following pages present the data for of all the variables included in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2007 (TTCI) for all 124 economies covered by the study. The tables are organized in 13 sections, which correspond to the 13 pillars of the TTCI.The number preceding the title of each variable serves to identify the pillar to which the variable belongs. Two types of data are used in the TTCI: Survey data and hard data. • Survey data: average responses in each economy to questions included in the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey, conducted in the early months of 2006. • Hard data: indicators obtained from a variety of sources.

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1.01

Foreign ownership restrictions

Survey data Data yielded from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey are presented in blue-colored bar graphs. Questions from the Survey asked for responses on a scale of 1 to 7, where an answer of 1 corresponds to the lowest possible score and an answer of 7 corresponds to the highest possible score. For each Survey variable, the original question and the two extreme answers are shown. We report the average score for each economy— that is, the arithmetic mean of responses from each economy.Variable 5.01, for example, asks about the government’s prioritization of the T&T industry in the respondent’s economy. On this particular variable, Mauritius with a score of 6.5 ranks first, and therefore appears at the top, followed by Barbados, second with a score of 6.3.We report responses rounded to one decimal point, but use the exact figures to determine rankings. For example, in the case of variable 1.01 on foreign ownership restrictions, Belgium’s average score is 5.986 and New Zealand’s average score is 5.978. These economies are therefore ranked 13th and 14th respectively, although they are both listed with the same rounded score of 6.0.

Foreign ownership of companies in your country is (1 = rare, limited to minority stakes and often prohibited in key sectors , 7 = prevalent and encouraged)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

Ireland ...........................6.4 Slovak Republic ............6.3 Singapore......................6.3 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 United Kingdom............6.3 Czech Republic .............6.2 Germany .......................6.1 Chile..............................6.1 Sweden ........................6.1 Luxembourg .................6.0 Finland ..........................6.0 Indonesia ......................6.0 Belgium ........................6.0 New Zealand.................6.0 Denmark .......................5.9 Zambia ..........................5.8 Uganda .........................5.8 Hungary ........................5.8 Austria ..........................5.8 Jordan ...........................5.8 Jamaica.........................5.8 Australia ........................5.8 Switzerland ...................5.7 Netherlands ..................5.7 Israel .............................5.7 Estonia ..........................5.7 Costa Rica.....................5.7 Canada ..........................5.7 Dominican Republic......5.7 Gambia .........................5.6 Mexico ..........................5.6 Norway .........................5.5 Spain .............................5.5 Barbados.......................5.5 Malta.............................5.5 Taiwan, China................5.4 Panama .........................5.4 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.4 India ..............................5.4 Tanzania ........................5.4 South Africa ..................5.4 Bangladesh ...................5.4 United States................5.3 Peru ..............................5.3 Burkina Faso .................5.3 Portugal ........................5.3 Morocco .......................5.3 Latvia ............................5.3 Malaysia........................5.3 Azerbaijan .....................5.3 Tunisia...........................5.3 El Salvador ....................5.2 Lesotho.........................5.2 Namibia.........................5.2 Uruguay ........................5.2 France ...........................5.2 Botswana......................5.2 Cameroon .....................5.2 Malawi ..........................5.2 Kenya ............................5.2 Greece ..........................5.1 Guatemala ....................5.1

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.9 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Argentina ......................5.1 Mozambique .................5.1 Nigeria ..........................5.1 Mongolia .......................5.1 Colombia.......................5.1 Bahrain..........................5.1 Sri Lanka .......................5.0 Mali ...............................5.0 Benin ............................5.0 Pakistan ........................4.9 Madagascar ..................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.9 Armenia ........................4.9 Cambodia......................4.9 Japan ............................4.8 Mauritius.......................4.8 Lithuania .......................4.8 Cyprus ..........................4.8 Romania........................4.8 Turkey ...........................4.8 Nicaragua ......................4.7 Algeria...........................4.7 Egypt ............................4.7 Honduras ......................4.7 China.............................4.7 Kazakhstan....................4.6 Brazil .............................4.6 Philippines ....................4.6 Qatar .............................4.6 Guyana..........................4.6 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 Georgia .........................4.5 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 Mauritania .....................4.4 Suriname ......................4.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina...4.4 Poland ...........................4.4 Chad .............................4.4 Bulgaria .........................4.3 Venezuela .....................4.3 Italy ...............................4.3 Thailand ........................4.3 Slovenia ........................4.3 Iceland ..........................4.2 Burundi .........................4.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 Serbia and Montenegro ...4.2 Bolivia ...........................4.1 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.1 Ecuador.........................4.1 Albania ..........................4.0 Zimbabwe .....................4.0 Ethiopia .........................3.9 Paraguay .......................3.9 Tajikistan .......................3.9 Moldova ........................3.9 Angola...........................3.8 Ukraine .........................3.7 Vietnam.........................3.7 Nepal ............................3.5 Russian Federation .......3.4 Kuwait...........................2.9

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

SD

1.0 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.7

A dotted line on the graph indicates the mean score across the sample of 124 economies. Standard deviations are shown next to the bars representing each economy’s mean score.The standard deviation indicates how closely or widely the individual responses are spread around the mean economy score. In other words, this provides information on the extent of agreement or disagreement on the question within the given economy.The smaller the standard deviation, the greater the consensus is among the respondents from a particular economy. In the case of variable 3.03 on the impact on business of crime and violence, the standard deviation of the sample of respondents from Iceland is 0.4, reflecting a high degree of consensus.

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Hard data 1.04

Visa requirements

Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

HARD DATA

Albania...............................100.0 Argentina ...........................100.0 Bolivia ................................100.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina....100.0 Bulgaria..............................100.0 Colombia ...........................100.0 Cyprus ...............................100.0 Ecuador .............................100.0 Georgia ..............................100.0 Guyana ..............................100.0 Jamaica .............................100.0 Romania ............................100.0 Serbia and Montenegro.....100.0 Ukraine ..............................100.0 Barbados .............................90.0 Botswana ............................90.0 Chile ....................................90.0 Costa Rica ...........................90.0 Croatia .................................90.0 Egypt ...................................90.0 Hong Kong SAR ..................90.0 Hungary ...............................90.0 Jordan..................................90.0 Korea, Rep...........................90.0 Lithuania ..............................90.0 Macedonia, FYR ..................90.0 Malaysia ..............................90.0 Mexico.................................90.0 Morocco ..............................90.0 Namibia ...............................90.0 Nicaragua.............................90.0 Peru .....................................90.0 Philippines ...........................90.0 Poland..................................90.0 Singapore ............................90.0 Slovak Republic ...................90.0 Slovenia ...............................90.0 Taiwan, China ......................90.0 Thailand ...............................90.0 Turkey..................................90.0 Uruguay ...............................90.0 Venezuela ............................90.0 Austria .................................80.0 Belgium ...............................80.0 Canada.................................80.0 Czech Republic....................80.0 Denmark..............................80.0 Dominican Republic ............80.0 El Salvador...........................80.0 Estonia.................................80.0 Finland .................................80.0 France..................................80.0 Germany..............................80.0 Greece.................................80.0 Guatemala ...........................80.0 Honduras .............................80.0 Iceland .................................80.0 Indonesia .............................80.0 Ireland..................................80.0 Israel....................................80.0 Italy......................................80.0 Japan ...................................80.0

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

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RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 85 85 85 85 89 89 89 92 92 94 94 94 94 94 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113

HARD DATA

Kuwait .................................80.0 Latvia ...................................80.0 Lesotho ...............................80.0 Luxembourg ........................80.0 Malawi.................................80.0 Mauritius .............................80.0 Nepal ...................................80.0 Netherlands .........................80.0 New Zealand .......................80.0 Norway ................................80.0 Panama................................80.0 Portugal ...............................80.0 South Africa.........................80.0 Spain....................................80.0 Sri Lanka..............................80.0 Sweden ...............................80.0 Switzerland..........................80.0 Tunisia .................................80.0 United Arab Emirates ..........80.0 United Kingdom ..................80.0 United States ......................80.0 Zimbabwe............................80.0 Bahrain ................................70.0 Malta ...................................70.0 Qatar....................................70.0 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.0 Brazil....................................60.0 Paraguay..............................60.0 Zambia.................................60.0 Australia...............................50.0 Gambia ................................50.0 Cambodia ............................30.0 China ...................................30.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................30.0 Moldova...............................30.0 Mongolia..............................30.0 Vietnam ...............................30.0 Armenia ...............................20.0 Azerbaijan ............................20.0 Kazakhstan ..........................20.0 Pakistan ...............................20.0 Suriname .............................20.0 Tajikistan ..............................20.0 Bangladesh..........................10.0 Benin ...................................10.0 Burkina Faso........................10.0 Ethiopia................................10.0 India.....................................10.0 Russian Federation..............10.0 Tanzania...............................10.0 Algeria ...................................0.0 Angola ...................................0.0 Burundi ..................................0.0 Cameroon..............................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 Kenya.....................................0.0 Madagascar ...........................0.0 Mali........................................0.0 Mauritania..............................0.0 Mozambique..........................0.0 Nigeria ...................................0.0 Uganda ..................................0.0

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How to Read the Data Tables

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While Survey data provide qualitative information, hard data provide objective quantitative measures (for example, surface of protected areas, number of airports, life expectancy, and so on). Several hard data indicators were computed or provided by partners to the project (Booz Allen Hamilton, the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the World Travel & Tourism Council, and the International Air Transport Association). Other hard data indicators entering the TTCI were obtained from international organizations (for example, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the International Telecommunication Union, United Nations’ agencies, the World Trade Organization, and so on), and, in some cases, from national sources. In the following pages, hard data variables are presented in black bar graphs. A detailed description and full source for each variable can be found in the Technical Notes and Sources section at the end of this Report. When data are not available or are out of date, “n/a” is used in lieu of the rank and the value. In the case of hard data, true ties between two or more countries are possible. In such cases, shared rankings are indicated accordingly. For example, in both Singapore and Switzerland T&T government expenditure represents 7.5 percent of the total budget. Therefore, these two countries share the 15th rank on variable 5.02.

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List of Data Tables

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Subindex A T&T regulatory framework Policy rules and regulations............................................................375 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05

Foreign ownership restrictions......................................376 Property rights...............................................................377 Rules governing foreign direct investment ...................378 Visa requirements .........................................................379 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements .............380

Environmental regulation..................................................................381 2.01 2.02 2.03

Stringency of environmental regulation ........................382 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations .........383 Government prioritization of sustainable Travel & Tourism ...........................................................384

Tourism infrastructure .......................................................................415 8.01 8.02 8.03

Hotel rooms ..................................................................416 Presence of major car rental companies ......................417 ATMs accepting Visa cards ...........................................418

ICT infrastructure ................................................................................419 9.01 9.02 9.03

Extent of business Internet use....................................420 Internet users ................................................................421 Telephone lines .............................................................422

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry..................................423 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04

Ticket taxes and airport charges ...................................424 Purchasing power parity................................................425 Extent and effect of taxation.........................................426 Fuel price levels ............................................................427

Safety and security.............................................................................385 3.01 3.02 3.03

Business costs of terrorism ..........................................386 Reliability of police services ..........................................387 Business costs of crime and violence ..........................388

Subindex C T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Human resources................................................................................429

Health and hygiene ............................................................................389 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

Government efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ...............................................................390 Physician density...........................................................391 Access to improved sanitation ......................................392 Access to improved drinking water ..............................393

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism ...................................................395 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04

Government prioritization of the T&T industry..............396 T&T government expenditure .......................................397 Effectiveness of marketing and branding to attract tourists ..........................................................................398 T&T fair attendance.......................................................399

11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11

Primary education enrollment .......................................430 Secondary education enrollment...................................431 Quality of the educational system ................................432 Local availability of specialized research and training services ............................................................433 Extent of staff training ..................................................434 Hiring and firing practices .............................................435 Ease of hiring foreign labor ...........................................436 HIV prevalence ..............................................................437 Malaria incidence ..........................................................438 Tuberculosis incidence ..................................................439 Life expectancy .............................................................440

National tourism perception............................................................441

Subindex B T&T business environment and infrastructure Air transport infrastructure ..............................................................401 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06

Quality of air transport infrastructure ............................402 Available seat kilometers...............................................403 Departures per 1,000 population ..................................404 Airport density ...............................................................405 Number of operating airlines.........................................406 International air transport network ................................407

Ground transport infrastructure ......................................................409 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04

Road infrastructure........................................................410 Railroad infrastructure ...................................................411 Port infrastructure .........................................................412 Domestic transport network .........................................413

12.01 12.02 12.03

Tourism openness .........................................................442 Attitude toward tourists ................................................443 Recommendation to extend business trips ..................444

Natural and cultural resources .......................................................445 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05

Number of World Heritage sites ...................................446 Carbon dioxide damage.................................................447 Nationally protected areas.............................................448 Business concern for ecosystems ................................449 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ...................................450

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Pillar 1 Policy rules and regulations 375

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Foreign ownership restrictions

Foreign ownership of companies in your country is (1 = rare, limited to minority stakes and often prohibited in key sectors , 7 = prevalent and encouraged)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

Ireland ...........................6.4 Slovak Republic ............6.3 Singapore......................6.3 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 United Kingdom............6.3 Czech Republic .............6.2 Germany .......................6.1 Chile..............................6.1 Sweden ........................6.1 Luxembourg .................6.0 Finland ..........................6.0 Indonesia ......................6.0 Belgium ........................6.0 New Zealand.................6.0 Denmark .......................5.9 Zambia ..........................5.8 Uganda .........................5.8 Hungary ........................5.8 Austria ..........................5.8 Jordan ...........................5.8 Jamaica.........................5.8 Australia ........................5.8 Switzerland ...................5.7 Netherlands ..................5.7 Israel .............................5.7 Estonia ..........................5.7 Costa Rica.....................5.7 Canada ..........................5.7 Dominican Republic......5.7 Gambia .........................5.6 Mexico ..........................5.6 Norway .........................5.5 Spain .............................5.5 Barbados.......................5.5 Malta.............................5.5 Taiwan, China................5.4 Panama .........................5.4 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.4 India ..............................5.4 Tanzania ........................5.4 South Africa ..................5.4 Bangladesh ...................5.4 United States................5.3 Peru ..............................5.3 Burkina Faso .................5.3 Portugal ........................5.3 Morocco .......................5.3 Latvia ............................5.3 Malaysia........................5.3 Azerbaijan .....................5.3 Tunisia...........................5.3 El Salvador ....................5.2 Lesotho.........................5.2 Namibia.........................5.2 Uruguay ........................5.2 France ...........................5.2 Botswana......................5.2 Cameroon .....................5.2 Malawi ..........................5.2 Kenya ............................5.2 Greece ..........................5.1 Guatemala ....................5.1

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.9 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Argentina ......................5.1 Mozambique .................5.1 Nigeria ..........................5.1 Mongolia .......................5.1 Colombia.......................5.1 Bahrain..........................5.1 Sri Lanka .......................5.0 Mali ...............................5.0 Benin ............................5.0 Pakistan ........................4.9 Madagascar ..................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.9 Armenia ........................4.9 Cambodia......................4.9 Japan ............................4.8 Mauritius.......................4.8 Lithuania .......................4.8 Cyprus ..........................4.8 Romania........................4.8 Turkey ...........................4.8 Nicaragua ......................4.7 Algeria...........................4.7 Egypt ............................4.7 Honduras ......................4.7 China.............................4.7 Kazakhstan....................4.6 Brazil .............................4.6 Philippines ....................4.6 Qatar .............................4.6 Guyana..........................4.6 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 Georgia .........................4.5 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 Mauritania .....................4.4 Suriname ......................4.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina...4.4 Poland ...........................4.4 Chad .............................4.4 Bulgaria .........................4.3 Venezuela .....................4.3 Italy ...............................4.3 Thailand ........................4.3 Slovenia ........................4.3 Iceland ..........................4.2 Burundi .........................4.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 Serbia and Montenegro ...4.2 Bolivia ...........................4.1 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.1 Ecuador.........................4.1 Albania ..........................4.0 Zimbabwe .....................4.0 Ethiopia .........................3.9 Paraguay .......................3.9 Tajikistan .......................3.9 Moldova ........................3.9 Angola...........................3.8 Ukraine .........................3.7 Vietnam.........................3.7 Nepal ............................3.5 Russian Federation .......3.4 Kuwait...........................2.9

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

SD

1.0 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.7

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Property rights

Property rights, including over financial assets (1 = are poorly defined and not protected by law, 7 = are clearly defined and well protected by law)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

Germany .......................6.8 Iceland ..........................6.7 Denmark .......................6.6 Switzerland ...................6.6 Netherlands ..................6.5 United Kingdom............6.5 Austria ..........................6.4 Finland ..........................6.4 Ireland ...........................6.4 Australia ........................6.4 Singapore......................6.3 Luxembourg .................6.3 Norway .........................6.3 Hong Kong SAR............6.2 Japan ............................6.2 Sweden ........................6.2 New Zealand.................6.2 France ...........................6.1 Belgium ........................5.9 Canada ..........................5.9 United States................5.8 South Africa ..................5.8 Israel .............................5.8 Malaysia........................5.8 India ..............................5.7 Spain .............................5.6 Estonia ..........................5.6 Mauritius.......................5.6 Cyprus ..........................5.5 Chile..............................5.5 Namibia.........................5.5 Hungary ........................5.5 Portugal ........................5.5 Korea, Rep. ...................5.4 Tunisia...........................5.4 Barbados.......................5.4 Greece ..........................5.3 Qatar .............................5.3 Taiwan, China................5.3 Thailand ........................5.3 Malta.............................5.2 United Arab Emirates ...5.1 Italy ...............................5.1 Panama .........................5.0 Slovak Republic ............5.0 Jordan ...........................5.0 Bahrain..........................5.0 Jamaica.........................5.0 Lithuania .......................4.9 Slovenia ........................4.9 Latvia ............................4.9 Botswana......................4.9 Turkey ...........................4.8 Kuwait...........................4.8 Uruguay ........................4.8 Morocco .......................4.8 Egypt ............................4.7 Colombia.......................4.7 Costa Rica.....................4.7 Mexico ..........................4.6 Zambia ..........................4.6 Brazil .............................4.6

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Sri Lanka .......................4.6 Czech Republic .............4.6 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.6 Algeria...........................4.5 El Salvador ....................4.5 Burkina Faso .................4.4 Vietnam.........................4.4 Philippines ....................4.4 Armenia ........................4.3 Tajikistan .......................4.2 Guatemala ....................4.2 Malawi ..........................4.2 Dominican Republic......4.2 Romania........................4.1 Mali ...............................4.1 Nepal ............................4.1 Gambia .........................4.0 Mongolia .......................4.0 Croatia ..........................4.0 China.............................4.0 Kenya ............................3.9 Tanzania ........................3.9 Kazakhstan....................3.9 Mozambique .................3.9 Bangladesh ...................3.8 Nigeria ..........................3.8 Serbia and Montenegro ...3.8 Indonesia ......................3.8 Bulgaria .........................3.8 Poland ...........................3.7 Mauritania .....................3.7 Suriname ......................3.7 Pakistan ........................3.7 Cambodia......................3.6 Benin ............................3.6 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 Ethiopia .........................3.6 Madagascar ..................3.6 Uganda .........................3.6 Georgia .........................3.5 Moldova ........................3.5 Honduras ......................3.5 Cameroon .....................3.5 Peru ..............................3.5 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.5 Angola...........................3.5 Nicaragua ......................3.4 Ecuador.........................3.4 Lesotho.........................3.4 Guyana..........................3.4 Ukraine .........................3.4 Russian Federation .......3.2 Bolivia ...........................3.1 Albania ..........................3.0 Paraguay .......................3.0 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.0 Burundi .........................3.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina...3.0 Argentina ......................2.9 Chad .............................2.6 Venezuela .....................2.4 Zimbabwe .....................1.9

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

SD

1.6 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3

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Rules governing foreign direct investment

In your country, rules governing foreign direct investment are (1 = damaging and discourage foreign direct investment , 7 = beneficial and encourage foreign direct investment)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

Singapore......................6.5 Ireland ...........................6.5 Hong Kong SAR............6.5 Luxembourg .................6.3 Slovak Republic ............6.2 Zambia ..........................6.1 United Kingdom............6.0 Indonesia ......................6.0 Estonia ..........................6.0 Czech Republic .............5.9 Chile..............................5.9 Malaysia........................5.9 Portugal ........................5.9 Finland ..........................5.9 Sweden ........................5.8 Switzerland ...................5.8 Netherlands ..................5.8 Denmark .......................5.8 Germany .......................5.7 Belgium ........................5.7 Austria ..........................5.7 Uganda .........................5.7 Bangladesh ...................5.7 Gambia .........................5.7 Tunisia...........................5.7 Jordan ...........................5.6 El Salvador ....................5.6 Hungary ........................5.6 Dominican Republic......5.6 Israel .............................5.6 Burkina Faso .................5.5 Bahrain..........................5.5 Malta.............................5.5 India ..............................5.5 Taiwan, China................5.5 Tanzania ........................5.5 United Arab Emirates ...5.5 Mexico ..........................5.5 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.5 New Zealand.................5.4 Barbados.......................5.4 China.............................5.4 Jamaica.........................5.4 United States................5.4 Costa Rica.....................5.4 Spain .............................5.4 Sri Lanka .......................5.4 Peru ..............................5.4 Norway .........................5.4 Canada ..........................5.3 Australia ........................5.3 Qatar .............................5.3 Mauritania .....................5.3 Nigeria ..........................5.3 France ...........................5.2 Armenia ........................5.2 Cyprus ..........................5.2 Thailand ........................5.2 Iceland ..........................5.2 Morocco .......................5.2 Panama .........................5.2 Cambodia......................5.2

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Angola...........................5.1 Mali ...............................5.1 Colombia.......................5.1 Pakistan ........................5.1 Turkey ...........................5.1 Botswana......................5.1 Mauritius.......................5.1 Guatemala ....................5.1 Mongolia .......................5.0 South Africa ..................5.0 Vietnam.........................5.0 Mozambique .................5.0 Latvia ............................4.9 Nicaragua ......................4.9 Uruguay ........................4.9 Philippines ....................4.9 Lesotho.........................4.8 Honduras ......................4.8 Brazil .............................4.8 Japan ............................4.7 Namibia.........................4.7 Azerbaijan .....................4.7 Kazakhstan....................4.7 Malawi ..........................4.7 Ethiopia .........................4.7 Romania........................4.7 Greece ..........................4.6 Kenya ............................4.6 Algeria...........................4.6 Cameroon .....................4.5 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 Croatia ..........................4.5 Burundi .........................4.5 Egypt ............................4.4 Lithuania .......................4.4 Guyana..........................4.4 Georgia .........................4.4 Tajikistan .......................4.4 Italy ...............................4.4 Poland ...........................4.4 Madagascar ..................4.3 Serbia and Montenegro..4.3 Nepal ............................4.2 Benin ............................4.2 Paraguay .......................4.2 Moldova ........................4.2 Slovenia ........................4.1 Albania ..........................4.0 Argentina ......................4.0 Suriname ......................3.9 Bulgaria .........................3.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.9 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.9 Ecuador.........................3.9 Ukraine .........................3.8 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.8 Bolivia ...........................3.8 Venezuela .....................3.7 Russian Federation .......3.7 Kuwait...........................3.5 Chad .............................3.3 Zimbabwe .....................2.8

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

SD

1.6 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.5

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Visa requirements

Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

HARD DATA

Albania...............................100.0 Argentina ...........................100.0 Bolivia ................................100.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina....100.0 Bulgaria..............................100.0 Colombia ...........................100.0 Cyprus ...............................100.0 Ecuador .............................100.0 Georgia ..............................100.0 Guyana ..............................100.0 Jamaica .............................100.0 Romania ............................100.0 Serbia and Montenegro.....100.0 Ukraine ..............................100.0 Barbados .............................90.0 Botswana ............................90.0 Chile ....................................90.0 Costa Rica ...........................90.0 Croatia .................................90.0 Egypt ...................................90.0 Hong Kong SAR ..................90.0 Hungary ...............................90.0 Jordan..................................90.0 Korea, Rep...........................90.0 Lithuania ..............................90.0 Macedonia, FYR ..................90.0 Malaysia ..............................90.0 Mexico.................................90.0 Morocco ..............................90.0 Namibia ...............................90.0 Nicaragua.............................90.0 Peru .....................................90.0 Philippines ...........................90.0 Poland..................................90.0 Singapore ............................90.0 Slovak Republic ...................90.0 Slovenia ...............................90.0 Taiwan, China ......................90.0 Thailand ...............................90.0 Turkey..................................90.0 Uruguay ...............................90.0 Venezuela ............................90.0 Austria .................................80.0 Belgium ...............................80.0 Canada.................................80.0 Czech Republic....................80.0 Denmark..............................80.0 Dominican Republic ............80.0 El Salvador...........................80.0 Estonia.................................80.0 Finland .................................80.0 France..................................80.0 Germany..............................80.0 Greece.................................80.0 Guatemala ...........................80.0 Honduras .............................80.0 Iceland .................................80.0 Indonesia .............................80.0 Ireland..................................80.0 Israel....................................80.0 Italy......................................80.0 Japan ...................................80.0

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 85 85 85 85 89 89 89 92 92 94 94 94 94 94 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113

HARD DATA

Kuwait .................................80.0 Latvia ...................................80.0 Lesotho ...............................80.0 Luxembourg ........................80.0 Malawi.................................80.0 Mauritius .............................80.0 Nepal ...................................80.0 Netherlands .........................80.0 New Zealand .......................80.0 Norway ................................80.0 Panama................................80.0 Portugal ...............................80.0 South Africa.........................80.0 Spain....................................80.0 Sri Lanka..............................80.0 Sweden ...............................80.0 Switzerland..........................80.0 Tunisia .................................80.0 United Arab Emirates ..........80.0 United Kingdom ..................80.0 United States ......................80.0 Zimbabwe............................80.0 Bahrain ................................70.0 Malta ...................................70.0 Qatar....................................70.0 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.0 Brazil....................................60.0 Paraguay..............................60.0 Zambia.................................60.0 Australia...............................50.0 Gambia ................................50.0 Cambodia ............................30.0 China ...................................30.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................30.0 Moldova...............................30.0 Mongolia..............................30.0 Vietnam ...............................30.0 Armenia ...............................20.0 Azerbaijan ............................20.0 Kazakhstan ..........................20.0 Pakistan ...............................20.0 Suriname .............................20.0 Tajikistan ..............................20.0 Bangladesh..........................10.0 Benin ...................................10.0 Burkina Faso........................10.0 Ethiopia................................10.0 India.....................................10.0 Russian Federation..............10.0 Tanzania...............................10.0 Algeria ...................................0.0 Angola ...................................0.0 Burundi ..................................0.0 Cameroon..............................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 Kenya.....................................0.0 Madagascar ...........................0.0 Mali........................................0.0 Mauritania..............................0.0 Mozambique..........................0.0 Nigeria ...................................0.0 Uganda ..................................0.0

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Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements

Index of openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements, 2005

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 40 41 42 42 44 45 45 45 48 49 50 51 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

El Salvador...........................33.7 Honduras .............................32.7 Guatemala ...........................31.9 Dominican Republic ............28.9 Nicaragua.............................26.5 Jamaica ...............................24.7 Peru .....................................22.7 United States ......................22.6 Costa Rica ...........................22.0 Canada.................................20.2 Panama................................19.2 Chile ....................................18.9 Poland..................................18.9 Luxembourg ........................16.5 Germany..............................16.4 Iceland .................................15.6 Denmark..............................15.3 Portugal ...............................15.1 Japan ...................................14.8 Netherlands .........................14.8 Mexico.................................14.6 Barbados .............................14.1 Suriname .............................13.6 Hong Kong SAR ..................13.5 New Zealand .......................13.4 Ireland..................................13.3 Philippines ...........................13.1 Italy......................................13.0 Singapore ............................13.0 Indonesia .............................12.9 Czech Republic....................12.8 Belgium ...............................12.6 Ecuador ...............................12.5 Finland .................................12.4 Paraguay..............................12.2 Brazil....................................12.1 Jordan..................................12.1 United Kingdom ..................12.0 Israel....................................11.9 Colombia .............................11.8 Korea, Rep...........................11.7 Trinidad and Tobago.............11.5 Turkey..................................11.5 United Arab Emirates ..........11.3 Croatia .................................11.2 Hungary ...............................11.2 Uruguay ...............................11.2 Azerbaijan ............................11.1 Namibia ...............................10.9 Greece.................................10.8 Malaysia ..............................10.7 Qatar....................................10.7 Austria .................................10.6 Morocco ..............................10.5 Ethiopia................................10.4 Bahrain ................................10.2 Tunisia ...................................9.9 Thailand .................................9.9 South Africa...........................9.9 Cameroon..............................9.8 Switzerland............................9.8 Pakistan .................................9.6

SOURCE: World Trade Organization

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 64 64 66 67 68 69 70 70 72 72 72 75 75 75 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 84 84 84 88 89 90 91 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 98 98 101 102 102 104 105 106 106 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 115 117 117 119 120 121 122 n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Zambia...................................9.6 Bolivia ....................................9.5 Egypt .....................................9.5 Albania...................................9.5 Chad ......................................9.4 Norway ..................................9.4 France....................................9.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina........9.3 Malta .....................................9.3 Australia.................................9.0 Gambia ..................................9.0 Sweden .................................9.0 Argentina ...............................8.8 Mozambique..........................8.8 Slovak Republic .....................8.8 Sri Lanka................................8.6 Romania ................................8.5 Spain......................................8.3 Mauritania..............................8.2 Serbia and Montenegro.........8.2 Cambodia ..............................8.1 Armenia .................................8.0 Lithuania ................................8.0 Venezuela ..............................8.0 Vietnam .................................8.0 India.......................................7.9 Malawi...................................7.8 Madagascar ...........................7.7 Nigeria ...................................7.5 Zimbabwe..............................7.5 Bulgaria..................................7.0 Kazakhstan ............................6.9 Uganda ..................................6.7 Botswana ..............................6.5 Mauritius ...............................6.2 Algeria ...................................6.1 Mali........................................6.1 Ukraine ..................................6.1 Guyana ..................................6.0 Bangladesh............................5.8 Tanzania .................................5.8 Mongolia................................5.7 China .....................................5.5 Burundi ..................................5.4 Latvia .....................................5.4 Kenya.....................................5.2 Macedonia, FYR ....................5.1 Georgia ..................................4.9 Cyprus ...................................4.6 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.5 Moldova.................................4.4 Russian Federation................4.2 Benin .....................................3.9 Slovenia .................................3.9 Estonia...................................3.0 Nepal .....................................3.0 Kuwait ...................................2.3 Burkina Faso..........................1.9 Angola ...................................1.0 Lesotho .................................0.1 Taiwan, China ........................n/a Tajikistan ................................n/a

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Data Tables

Pillar 2 Environmental regulation 381

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Stringency of environmental regulation

How stringent is your country’s environmental regulation? (1 = lax compared to most countries, 7 = among the world’s most stringent)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.0

7

Germany .......................6.7 Denmark .......................6.6 Austria ..........................6.6 Sweden ........................6.5 Switzerland ...................6.5 Finland ..........................6.4 Norway .........................6.3 Netherlands ..................6.2 New Zealand.................6.2 Luxembourg .................6.2 Belgium ........................6.1 Japan ............................6.0 United Kingdom............5.9 France ...........................5.8 Canada ..........................5.8 Australia ........................5.8 Iceland ..........................5.7 Singapore......................5.7 Czech Republic .............5.5 Taiwan, China................5.4 United States................5.4 Portugal ........................5.3 Slovenia ........................5.3 Ireland ...........................5.3 Malaysia........................5.3 Tunisia...........................5.2 Chile..............................5.1 Brazil .............................5.1 Hungary ........................5.1 Slovak Republic ............5.1 Costa Rica.....................5.0 Italy ...............................5.0 South Africa ..................4.8 Hong Kong SAR............4.8 United Arab Emirates ...4.8 Estonia ..........................4.7 Lithuania .......................4.7 Israel .............................4.7 Spain .............................4.6 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 India ..............................4.5 Qatar .............................4.4 Latvia ............................4.4 Thailand ........................4.4 Colombia.......................4.3 Uruguay ........................4.2 Mauritius.......................4.2 Croatia ..........................4.2 Mexico ..........................4.2 Greece ..........................4.1 Poland ...........................4.1 Namibia.........................4.0 El Salvador ....................4.0 Malta.............................4.0 Barbados.......................3.9 Turkey ...........................3.9 Peru ..............................3.8 Jordan ...........................3.7 Cyprus ..........................3.7 Madagascar ..................3.7 Benin ............................3.7 Gambia .........................3.7

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Kenya ............................3.7 Georgia .........................3.6 Philippines ....................3.6 Panama .........................3.6 Burkina Faso .................3.6 Tanzania ........................3.6 Bahrain..........................3.6 Dominican Republic......3.6 Jamaica.........................3.5 Algeria...........................3.5 Venezuela .....................3.5 Romania........................3.5 Uganda .........................3.4 Botswana......................3.4 Pakistan ........................3.4 Guatemala ....................3.4 Zimbabwe .....................3.4 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 Kuwait...........................3.4 Morocco .......................3.3 Mali ...............................3.3 Honduras ......................3.3 Kazakhstan....................3.3 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.2 Argentina ......................3.2 Malawi ..........................3.2 Bolivia ...........................3.2 Bulgaria .........................3.1 Moldova ........................3.1 Egypt ............................3.1 Ecuador.........................3.1 Nigeria ..........................3.0 Armenia ........................3.0 Cambodia......................3.0 China.............................3.0 Guyana..........................3.0 Tajikistan .......................2.9 Paraguay .......................2.9 Indonesia ......................2.9 Mozambique .................2.9 Russian Federation .......2.9 Mauritania .....................2.9 Bangladesh ...................2.9 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.9 Ukraine .........................2.9 Nepal ............................2.9 Vietnam.........................2.9 Nicaragua ......................2.8 Azerbaijan .....................2.8 Burundi .........................2.7 Cameroon .....................2.7 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.7 Serbia and Montenegro..2.6 Ethiopia .........................2.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.6 Lesotho.........................2.6 Zambia ..........................2.5 Angola...........................2.4 Chad .............................2.4 Mongolia .......................2.3 Suriname ......................2.2 Albania ..........................2.2

1

MEAN: 4.0

7

SD

1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

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Clarity and stability of environmental regulations

Environmental regulations in your country are (1 = confusing and enforced erratically, 7 = stable and enforced consistently and fairly)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

Denmark .......................6.4 Switzerland ...................6.1 Germany .......................6.0 Norway .........................6.0 Finland ..........................6.0 Sweden ........................5.9 Singapore......................5.8 Austria ..........................5.8 Japan ............................5.7 Iceland ..........................5.7 United Kingdom............5.7 Netherlands ..................5.6 Luxembourg .................5.5 Australia ........................5.4 New Zealand.................5.3 France ...........................5.3 Tunisia...........................5.2 Canada ..........................5.2 United States................5.1 Taiwan, China................5.1 Belgium ........................5.0 Slovenia ........................5.0 Malaysia........................4.9 Ireland ...........................4.9 Hong Kong SAR............4.8 Qatar .............................4.6 Israel .............................4.6 Estonia ..........................4.6 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 United Arab Emirates ...4.6 South Africa ..................4.5 Portugal ........................4.5 Slovak Republic ............4.5 Hungary ........................4.5 Czech Republic .............4.4 Latvia ............................4.3 Chile..............................4.3 Thailand ........................4.2 Spain .............................4.2 Italy ...............................4.2 Costa Rica.....................4.2 Namibia.........................4.2 Tanzania ........................4.2 Gambia .........................4.1 Lithuania .......................4.1 Uruguay ........................4.1 Mauritius.......................4.0 Poland ...........................4.0 India ..............................4.0 Brazil .............................3.9 Mexico ..........................3.8 Croatia ..........................3.8 Malta.............................3.8 Botswana......................3.8 Greece ..........................3.7 Barbados.......................3.7 Cyprus ..........................3.7 Jordan ...........................3.7 Colombia.......................3.7 Kazakhstan....................3.7 Burkina Faso .................3.6 Georgia .........................3.6

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 114 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Kenya ............................3.6 Turkey ...........................3.6 Pakistan ........................3.5 Zimbabwe .....................3.5 Peru ..............................3.5 Madagascar ..................3.4 El Salvador ....................3.4 Indonesia ......................3.4 Bahrain..........................3.4 Moldova ........................3.4 Kuwait...........................3.4 Dominican Republic......3.4 Cambodia......................3.3 China.............................3.3 Uganda .........................3.3 Tajikistan .......................3.3 Algeria...........................3.3 Malawi ..........................3.3 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 Benin ............................3.3 Romania........................3.3 Nigeria ..........................3.2 Panama .........................3.2 Jamaica.........................3.2 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.2 Guatemala ....................3.1 Mali ...............................3.1 Mauritania .....................3.1 Morocco .......................3.1 Mozambique .................3.1 Egypt ............................3.1 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 Lesotho.........................3.1 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.1 Philippines ....................3.1 Ukraine .........................3.1 Nepal ............................3.0 Guyana..........................3.0 Vietnam.........................3.0 Bolivia ...........................3.0 Azerbaijan .....................3.0 Venezuela .....................3.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 Honduras ......................2.9 Bulgaria .........................2.9 Nicaragua ......................2.9 Russian Federation .......2.9 Argentina ......................2.9 Ecuador.........................2.8 Cameroon .....................2.7 Armenia ........................2.7 Angola...........................2.7 Burundi .........................2.7 Bangladesh ...................2.7 Mongolia .......................2.7 Ethiopia .........................2.6 Suriname ......................2.5 Paraguay .......................2.4 Serbia and Montenegro..2.4 Zambia ..........................2.2 Albania ..........................2.2 Chad .............................2.1

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

SD

1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2

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Government prioritization of sustainable Travel & Tourism

Is your country’s government taking the necessary steps to ensure that the T&T sector is being developed in a sustainable way? (1 = no, development of the sector does not take into account issues related to environmental protection and sustainable development, 7 = yes, sustainable development issues are at the core of the government’s strategy with regard to the industry’s development) RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

Singapore......................6.2 New Zealand.................6.0 Tunisia...........................6.0 Austria ..........................5.9 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 Hong Kong SAR............5.8 Mauritius.......................5.8 Malaysia........................5.7 Barbados.......................5.7 Qatar .............................5.6 Finland ..........................5.6 Switzerland ...................5.6 Australia ........................5.6 South Africa ..................5.5 Iceland ..........................5.5 Germany .......................5.5 Zambia ..........................5.4 Morocco .......................5.4 Gambia .........................5.4 Tanzania ........................5.4 Ireland ...........................5.4 Denmark .......................5.4 France ...........................5.4 Greece ..........................5.4 Cyprus ..........................5.3 Canada ..........................5.3 Israel .............................5.3 Portugal ........................5.3 Luxembourg .................5.3 Netherlands ..................5.2 Burkina Faso .................5.2 Belgium ........................5.2 Norway .........................5.2 Jordan ...........................5.2 Sweden ........................5.2 Egypt ............................5.2 Thailand ........................5.1 Botswana......................5.1 Mali ...............................5.1 Cambodia......................5.1 Uganda .........................5.1 Taiwan, China................5.1 Mexico ..........................5.1 United Kingdom............5.0 Estonia ..........................5.0 Jamaica.........................5.0 Kenya ............................5.0 India ..............................4.9 United States................4.9 Malta.............................4.9 Vietnam.........................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.8 Nigeria ..........................4.8 Sri Lanka .......................4.8 Japan ............................4.8 Madagascar ..................4.8 Slovenia ........................4.8 Namibia.........................4.8 Hungary ........................4.7 Costa Rica.....................4.7 Turkey ...........................4.7 Panama .........................4.7

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 69 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Spain .............................4.7 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 Indonesia ......................4.6 Dominican Republic......4.6 Uruguay ........................4.6 Czech Republic .............4.5 El Salvador ....................4.5 Guatemala ....................4.5 Georgia .........................4.4 Mozambique .................4.4 Chile..............................4.4 Colombia.......................4.4 Honduras ......................4.3 Tajikistan .......................4.3 Guyana..........................4.3 Benin ............................4.3 Peru ..............................4.3 Philippines ....................4.2 China.............................4.2 Slovak Republic ............4.2 Malawi ..........................4.2 Latvia ............................4.2 Nicaragua ......................4.2 Bahrain..........................4.2 Brazil .............................4.2 Nepal ............................4.1 Algeria...........................4.1 Armenia ........................4.1 Argentina ......................4.1 Lithuania .......................4.1 Kazakhstan....................4.0 Mauritania .....................4.0 Moldova ........................3.9 Lesotho.........................3.9 Poland ...........................3.9 Pakistan ........................3.8 Azerbaijan .....................3.8 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.7 Mongolia .......................3.7 Angola...........................3.7 Zimbabwe .....................3.7 Bulgaria .........................3.7 Ethiopia .........................3.7 Italy ...............................3.6 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 Chad .............................3.4 Ecuador.........................3.4 Bangladesh ...................3.3 Kuwait...........................3.3 Cameroon .....................3.3 Suriname ......................3.3 Ukraine .........................3.2 Romania........................3.2 Albania ..........................3.2 Serbia and Montenegro..3.1 Burundi .........................3.1 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.1 Russian Federation .......3.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.8 Venezuela .....................2.7 Bolivia ...........................2.7 Paraguay .......................2.7

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

SD

1.6 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4

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Data Tables

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Business costs of terrorism

The threat of terrorism in your country (1 = imposes significant costs on business, 7 = does not impose significant costs on business)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 45 46 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

Finland ..........................6.3 Uruguay ........................6.2 Brazil .............................6.2 Hungary ........................6.2 Zimbabwe .....................6.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina .6.1 Slovak Republic ............6.1 Zambia ..........................6.1 Portugal ........................6.0 Austria ..........................6.0 Dominican Republic......6.0 Argentina ......................5.9 Costa Rica.....................5.9 Mauritius.......................5.9 Tunisia...........................5.9 New Zealand.................5.8 Gambia .........................5.8 Angola...........................5.8 Luxembourg .................5.8 Chile..............................5.8 Indonesia ......................5.8 Botswana......................5.7 Slovenia ........................5.7 Greece ..........................5.7 Hong Kong SAR............5.7 Sweden ........................5.7 Croatia ..........................5.7 Czech Republic .............5.6 Cameroon .....................5.6 Germany .......................5.6 Mongolia .......................5.6 Malta.............................5.6 Estonia ..........................5.6 Lithuania .......................5.6 Iceland ..........................5.6 Benin ............................5.5 Mauritania .....................5.4 Namibia.........................5.4 Armenia ........................5.4 Switzerland ...................5.4 Serbia and Montenegro..5.4 United Arab Emirates ...5.4 South Africa ..................5.4 Ukraine .........................5.4 Georgia .........................5.3 Norway .........................5.3 Qatar .............................5.3 Mali ...............................5.3 Ireland ...........................5.3 Latvia ............................5.3 Mexico ..........................5.3 Taiwan, China................5.3 Tanzania ........................5.3 Mozambique .................5.2 Burkina Faso .................5.2 Malawi ..........................5.2 Ethiopia .........................5.2 Ecuador.........................5.2 Lesotho.........................5.2 Romania........................5.2 Vietnam.........................5.2 Bolivia ...........................5.2

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 69 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 Paraguay .......................5.1 Malaysia........................5.1 Panama .........................5.1 Madagascar ..................5.1 France ...........................5.1 Barbados.......................5.1 Cyprus ..........................5.1 Kuwait...........................5.1 Nicaragua ......................5.1 Jamaica.........................5.0 Canada ..........................5.0 Denmark .......................5.0 Azerbaijan .....................5.0 Singapore......................5.0 Australia ........................5.0 Moldova ........................4.9 Thailand ........................4.9 Italy ...............................4.9 Suriname ......................4.9 Netherlands ..................4.8 India ..............................4.8 Belgium ........................4.8 Guatemala ....................4.8 Cambodia......................4.7 Morocco .......................4.7 Kazakhstan....................4.6 Turkey ...........................4.6 Albania ..........................4.5 Honduras ......................4.5 Poland ...........................4.5 Venezuela .....................4.5 Bulgaria .........................4.5 Jordan ...........................4.4 Japan ............................4.4 Spain .............................4.4 Bahrain..........................4.3 Chad .............................4.3 Peru ..............................4.3 Egypt ............................4.3 Russian Federation .......4.3 China.............................4.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.2 Tajikistan .......................4.2 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.1 El Salvador ....................3.8 United States................3.8 Burundi .........................3.8 United Kingdom............3.8 Bangladesh ...................3.8 Algeria...........................3.7 Nigeria ..........................3.7 Guyana..........................3.6 Kenya ............................3.6 Philippines ....................3.5 Uganda .........................3.4 Israel .............................3.2 Pakistan ........................3.1 Colombia.......................3.0 Sri Lanka .......................2.6 Nepal ............................1.7

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

SD

1.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.0

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Reliability of police services

Police services (1 = cannot be relied upon to protect businesses from criminals, 7 = can be relied upon to protect businesses from criminals)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.2

7

Finland ..........................6.6 Germany .......................6.5 Denmark .......................6.5 Singapore......................6.5 Switzerland ...................6.4 Iceland ..........................6.3 Norway .........................6.2 Austria ..........................6.2 Hong Kong SAR............6.2 Jordan ...........................6.0 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 Australia ........................5.8 Netherlands ..................5.8 Canada ..........................5.8 Luxembourg .................5.7 United States................5.7 Japan ............................5.7 France ...........................5.6 Malaysia........................5.5 United Kingdom............5.5 Qatar .............................5.5 Spain .............................5.5 New Zealand.................5.5 Tunisia...........................5.5 Portugal ........................5.5 Kuwait...........................5.4 Sweden ........................5.4 Barbados.......................5.3 Ireland ...........................5.3 Malta.............................5.3 Chile..............................5.2 Belgium ........................5.2 Algeria...........................5.1 Greece ..........................5.0 Morocco .......................5.0 Taiwan, China................5.0 Cyprus ..........................4.9 Estonia ..........................4.9 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 Italy ...............................4.9 Thailand ........................4.8 Israel .............................4.6 Hungary ........................4.6 Panama .........................4.6 Egypt ............................4.5 Vietnam.........................4.5 Turkey ...........................4.5 India ..............................4.5 Slovak Republic ............4.5 Azerbaijan .....................4.4 Slovenia ........................4.4 Georgia .........................4.4 Colombia.......................4.4 Bahrain..........................4.4 Latvia ............................4.3 Mauritius.......................4.3 Mali ...............................4.3 Nicaragua ......................4.3 Tajikistan .......................4.2 Ethiopia .........................4.2 Mauritania .....................4.2 Botswana......................4.1

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.6

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Suriname ......................4.1 China.............................4.0 Costa Rica.....................4.0 Burkina Faso .................4.0 Zambia ..........................4.0 Albania ..........................3.9 Poland ...........................3.9 Uruguay ........................3.9 Gambia .........................3.8 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.8 Czech Republic .............3.8 Armenia ........................3.8 Kazakhstan....................3.7 Lithuania .......................3.7 Croatia ..........................3.7 Serbia and Montenegro..3.7 Romania........................3.7 El Salvador ....................3.6 Malawi ..........................3.6 Tanzania ........................3.5 Madagascar ..................3.5 Philippines ....................3.5 Pakistan ........................3.5 Uganda .........................3.4 Ukraine .........................3.4 South Africa ..................3.3 Benin ............................3.3 Kenya ............................3.3 Angola...........................3.3 Cameroon .....................3.3 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 Lesotho.........................3.2 Peru ..............................3.2 Burundi .........................3.2 Namibia.........................3.2 Moldova ........................3.2 Indonesia ......................3.1 Cambodia......................3.1 Nepal ............................3.1 Honduras ......................3.1 Dominican Republic......3.1 Mexico ..........................3.0 Russian Federation .......3.0 Mongolia .......................2.9 Brazil .............................2.9 Argentina ......................2.9 Mozambique .................2.8 Ecuador.........................2.8 Paraguay .......................2.8 Zimbabwe .....................2.8 Jamaica.........................2.8 Guatemala ....................2.8 Nigeria ..........................2.7 Bulgaria .........................2.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.7 Bangladesh ...................2.4 Chad .............................2.3 Bolivia ...........................2.3 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.3 Trinidad and Tobago ......2.2 Venezuela .....................2.1 Guyana..........................1.9

1

MEAN: 4.2

7

SD

1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.0

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Business costs of crime and violence

The incidence of common crime and violence (e.g., street muggings, firms being looted) (1 = imposes significant costs on businesses, 7 = does not impose significant costs on businesses)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.3

7

Iceland ..........................6.8 Finland ..........................6.7 Germany .......................6.6 Singapore......................6.6 Denmark .......................6.5 Austria ..........................6.4 Switzerland ...................6.4 Hong Kong SAR............6.4 Norway .........................6.4 Jordan ...........................6.2 United Arab Emirates ...6.2 Japan ............................6.1 Qatar .............................6.0 Malta.............................6.0 Portugal ........................6.0 Greece ..........................5.9 New Zealand.................5.8 Sweden ........................5.8 Australia ........................5.7 Kuwait...........................5.6 Tunisia...........................5.6 Luxembourg .................5.6 Slovak Republic ............5.6 India ..............................5.6 Cyprus ..........................5.5 Azerbaijan .....................5.5 Slovenia ........................5.5 Indonesia ......................5.4 Canada ..........................5.4 Taiwan, China................5.4 United Kingdom............5.3 Malaysia........................5.3 Estonia ..........................5.3 Hungary ........................5.2 Netherlands ..................5.2 Israel .............................5.2 Armenia ........................5.2 Belgium ........................5.1 Latvia ............................5.1 Thailand ........................5.0 Ireland ...........................5.0 United States................5.0 Barbados.......................5.0 Morocco .......................5.0 France ...........................5.0 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 Bahrain..........................4.9 Egypt ............................4.8 Czech Republic .............4.8 Gambia .........................4.8 Turkey ...........................4.7 Mauritius.......................4.7 Spain .............................4.7 Georgia .........................4.6 Chile..............................4.6 Vietnam.........................4.6 Serbia and Montenegro..4.6 Mauritania .....................4.5 Lithuania .......................4.5 Italy ...............................4.4 Ethiopia .........................4.4 Poland ...........................4.3

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.1

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Croatia ..........................4.3 Philippines ....................4.2 Burkina Faso .................4.2 Botswana......................4.1 Kazakhstan....................4.1 Panama .........................4.1 Ukraine .........................4.0 China.............................4.0 Moldova ........................3.9 Romania........................3.9 Tajikistan .......................3.9 Sri Lanka .......................3.9 Mongolia .......................3.8 Pakistan ........................3.8 Albania ..........................3.8 Nicaragua ......................3.8 Mali ...............................3.8 Algeria...........................3.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.7 Russian Federation .......3.7 Uruguay ........................3.6 Namibia.........................3.6 Uganda .........................3.6 Tanzania ........................3.5 Malawi ..........................3.5 Benin ............................3.4 Nepal ............................3.4 Burundi .........................3.4 Cambodia......................3.3 Zimbabwe .....................3.3 Costa Rica.....................3.2 Suriname ......................3.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 Bolivia ...........................3.2 Bulgaria .........................3.2 Bangladesh ...................3.1 Dominican Republic......3.1 Cameroon .....................3.1 Colombia.......................3.0 Lesotho.........................3.0 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.0 Zambia ..........................3.0 Argentina ......................2.9 Nigeria ..........................2.9 Madagascar ..................2.8 Paraguay .......................2.8 Mozambique .................2.7 Ecuador.........................2.7 Brazil .............................2.7 South Africa ..................2.6 Peru ..............................2.6 Kenya ............................2.5 Angola...........................2.4 Mexico ..........................2.4 Trinidad and Tobago ......2.3 Chad .............................2.3 Honduras ......................2.1 Jamaica.........................2.1 Guatemala ....................2.0 El Salvador ....................1.9 Venezuela .....................1.8 Guyana..........................1.7

1

MEAN: 4.3

7

SD

1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9

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Government efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics

Do you believe that your government is taking the right steps to minimize the health risks and disruptions to business/travel potentially caused by pandemics? (1 = no, the government is taking no steps, 7 = yes, the government is undertaking all possible measures)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 55 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.4

7

Singapore......................6.2 Finland ..........................6.1 Tunisia...........................6.0 Hong Kong SAR............5.9 Iceland ..........................5.9 Norway .........................5.8 Hungary ........................5.7 Malaysia........................5.7 United Arab Emirates ...5.7 Denmark .......................5.7 Kuwait...........................5.7 France ...........................5.6 Qatar .............................5.6 Japan ............................5.5 Vietnam.........................5.5 New Zealand.................5.4 Netherlands ..................5.4 Germany .......................5.4 Sweden ........................5.4 Switzerland ...................5.4 Belgium ........................5.3 Australia ........................5.3 Luxembourg .................5.3 China.............................5.3 Greece ..........................5.3 Malta.............................5.2 Taiwan, China................5.2 Austria ..........................5.2 Israel .............................5.1 Jordan ...........................5.1 Barbados.......................5.1 Italy ...............................5.0 Botswana......................5.0 Thailand ........................5.0 Czech Republic .............5.0 Portugal ........................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.9 Mali ...............................4.9 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 Bahrain..........................4.9 Canada ..........................4.8 Morocco .......................4.8 Slovenia ........................4.8 Tanzania ........................4.7 Mexico ..........................4.7 United Kingdom............4.7 Slovak Republic ............4.7 Algeria...........................4.7 Burkina Faso .................4.7 Mauritius.......................4.7 Cyprus ..........................4.6 Uganda .........................4.6 Chile..............................4.6 Nigeria ..........................4.5 Sri Lanka .......................4.5 Tajikistan .......................4.5 Gambia .........................4.5 Estonia ..........................4.5 Egypt ............................4.5 United States................4.5 Uruguay ........................4.5 Turkey ...........................4.4

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 92 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 111 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Kazakhstan....................4.3 Spain .............................4.3 Benin ............................4.3 Colombia.......................4.3 Costa Rica.....................4.2 Lithuania .......................4.2 El Salvador ....................4.2 Mauritania .....................4.2 Kenya ............................4.1 India ..............................4.1 Malawi ..........................4.1 Mozambique .................4.1 Latvia ............................4.1 Cambodia......................4.1 Mongolia .......................4.1 Serbia and Montenegro..4.1 Jamaica.........................4.1 Ireland ...........................4.0 Panama .........................4.0 Philippines ....................4.0 Georgia .........................4.0 Guyana..........................3.9 Pakistan ........................3.9 Madagascar ..................3.9 Poland ...........................3.9 Cameroon .....................3.7 Azerbaijan .....................3.7 Armenia ........................3.7 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.7 Ethiopia .........................3.7 Lesotho.........................3.7 Angola...........................3.7 Brazil .............................3.6 Moldova ........................3.6 Romania........................3.6 Guatemala ....................3.6 Namibia.........................3.6 Indonesia ......................3.5 South Africa ..................3.5 Bulgaria .........................3.5 Ukraine .........................3.5 Albania ..........................3.5 Honduras ......................3.4 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.4 Suriname ......................3.4 Russian Federation .......3.4 Burundi .........................3.3 Peru ..............................3.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.2 Nicaragua ......................3.2 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 Argentina ......................3.1 Chad .............................3.1 Bangladesh ...................3.0 Bolivia ...........................3.0 Zimbabwe .....................2.8 Nepal ............................2.7 Zambia ..........................2.6 Venezuela .....................2.6 Paraguay .......................2.6 Dominican Republic......2.5 Ecuador.........................2.4

1

MEAN: 4.4

7

SD

1.4 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

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Physician density

Physician density per 1,000 population, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 52 53 53 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Belgium .................................4.5 Estonia...................................4.5 Greece...................................4.4 Russian Federation................4.3 Italy........................................4.2 Georgia ..................................4.1 Lithuania ................................4.0 Israel......................................3.8 Uruguay .................................3.7 Iceland ...................................3.6 Switzerland............................3.6 Armenia .................................3.6 Bulgaria..................................3.6 Azerbaijan ..............................3.6 Kazakhstan ............................3.5 Czech Republic......................3.5 Portugal .................................3.4 Austria ...................................3.4 France....................................3.4 Germany................................3.4 Hungary .................................3.3 Spain......................................3.3 Sweden .................................3.3 Malta .....................................3.2 Slovak Republic .....................3.2 Finland ...................................3.2 Netherlands ...........................3.2 Norway ..................................3.1 Argentina ...............................3.0 Latvia .....................................3.0 Ukraine ..................................3.0 Denmark................................2.9 Ireland....................................2.8 Luxembourg ..........................2.7 Moldova.................................2.6 Mongolia................................2.6 United States ........................2.6 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.5 Australia.................................2.5 Poland....................................2.5 Croatia ...................................2.4 New Zealand .........................2.4 Cyprus ...................................2.3 United Kingdom ....................2.3 Slovenia .................................2.3 Qatar......................................2.2 Macedonia, FYR ....................2.2 Canada...................................2.1 Serbia and Montenegro.........2.1 Jordan....................................2.0 Tajikistan ................................2.0 United Arab Emirates ............2.0 Japan .....................................2.0 Mexico...................................2.0 Venezuela ..............................1.9 Romania ................................1.9 Dominican Republic ..............1.9 Korea, Rep.............................1.6 Kuwait ...................................1.5 Panama..................................1.5 Taiwan, China ........................1.5 Ecuador .................................1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 64 66 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 77 79 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 105 107 108 109 110 110 112 112 112 115 116 117 117 119 119 119 122 122 n/a

HARD DATA

Singapore ..............................1.4 Colombia ...............................1.4 Turkey....................................1.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.3 Tunisia ...................................1.3 Costa Rica .............................1.3 Albania...................................1.3 El Salvador.............................1.2 Bolivia ....................................1.2 Barbados ...............................1.2 Peru .......................................1.2 Brazil......................................1.2 Algeria ...................................1.1 Paraguay................................1.1 Bahrain ..................................1.1 Chile ......................................1.1 China .....................................1.1 Mauritius ...............................1.1 Guatemala .............................0.9 Jamaica .................................0.9 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.8 South Africa...........................0.8 Pakistan .................................0.7 Malaysia ................................0.7 India.......................................0.6 Philippines .............................0.6 Honduras ...............................0.6 Sri Lanka................................0.6 Egypt .....................................0.5 Vietnam .................................0.5 Morocco ................................0.5 Guyana ..................................0.5 Suriname ...............................0.5 Botswana ..............................0.4 Nicaragua...............................0.4 Thailand .................................0.4 Namibia .................................0.3 Madagascar ...........................0.3 Nigeria ...................................0.3 Bangladesh............................0.3 Nepal .....................................0.2 Cameroon..............................0.2 Cambodia ..............................0.2 Zimbabwe..............................0.2 Kenya.....................................0.1 Indonesia ...............................0.1 Zambia...................................0.1 Gambia ..................................0.1 Mauritania..............................0.1 Angola ...................................0.1 Mali........................................0.1 Uganda ..................................0.1 Burkina Faso..........................0.1 Lesotho .................................0.1 Benin .....................................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 Burundi ..................................0.0 Ethiopia..................................0.0 Mozambique..........................0.0 Malawi...................................0.0 Tanzania .................................0.0 Hong Kong SAR.....................n/a

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006 and The World Health Report 2006

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Access to improved sanitation

Access to adequate sanitation facilities as a percentage of total population

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 36 36 36 40 41 42 42 42 45 45 45 48 49 50 50 52 53 54 54 56 56 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Australia.............................100.0 Austria ...............................100.0 Bahrain ..............................100.0 Belgium .............................100.0 Bulgaria..............................100.0 Canada...............................100.0 Cyprus ...............................100.0 Denmark............................100.0 Finland ...............................100.0 France................................100.0 Germany............................100.0 Greece...............................100.0 Hong Kong SAR ................100.0 Iceland ...............................100.0 Ireland................................100.0 Israel..................................100.0 Italy....................................100.0 Japan .................................100.0 Kuwait ...............................100.0 Luxembourg ......................100.0 Netherlands .......................100.0 New Zealand .....................100.0 Norway ..............................100.0 Portugal .............................100.0 Qatar..................................100.0 Singapore ..........................100.0 Slovak Republic .................100.0 Slovenia .............................100.0 Spain..................................100.0 Sweden .............................100.0 Switzerland........................100.0 Trinidad and Tobago...........100.0 United Arab Emirates ........100.0 United Kingdom ................100.0 United States ....................100.0 Barbados .............................99.0 Mauritius .............................99.0 Thailand ...............................99.0 Ukraine ................................99.0 Hungary ...............................95.0 Uruguay ...............................94.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina......93.0 Jordan..................................93.0 Suriname .............................93.0 Algeria .................................92.0 Chile ....................................92.0 Costa Rica ...........................92.0 Sri Lanka..............................91.0 Albania.................................89.0 Russian Federation..............87.0 Serbia and Montenegro.......87.0 Colombia .............................86.0 Armenia ...............................84.0 Georgia ................................83.0 Turkey..................................83.0 Jamaica ...............................80.0 Tunisia .................................80.0 Paraguay..............................78.0 Mexico.................................77.0 Brazil....................................75.0 Philippines ...........................73.0 Ecuador ...............................72.0

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 62 65 66 66 66 66 70 71 72 73 74 74 76 77 78 78 80 81 82 82 84 85 86 86 86 89 89 91 91 91 94 95 96 96 96 99 100 101 102 103 104 104 104 107 107 109 110 111 112 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Kazakhstan ..........................72.0 Panama................................72.0 Guyana ................................70.0 Egypt ...................................68.0 Honduras .............................68.0 Moldova...............................68.0 Venezuela ............................68.0 South Africa.........................67.0 Nicaragua.............................66.0 El Salvador...........................63.0 Peru .....................................62.0 Guatemala ...........................61.0 Morocco ..............................61.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................60.0 Mongolia..............................59.0 Dominican Republic ............57.0 Zimbabwe............................57.0 Azerbaijan ............................55.0 Pakistan ...............................54.0 Gambia ................................53.0 Tajikistan ..............................53.0 Indonesia .............................52.0 Romania ..............................51.0 Bangladesh..........................48.0 Cameroon............................48.0 Kenya...................................48.0 Malawi.................................46.0 Tanzania...............................46.0 Bolivia ..................................45.0 Mali......................................45.0 Zambia.................................45.0 China ...................................44.0 Mauritania............................42.0 Botswana ............................41.0 Uganda ................................41.0 Vietnam ...............................41.0 Nigeria .................................38.0 Lesotho ...............................37.0 Burundi ................................36.0 Madagascar .........................33.0 Benin ...................................32.0 Angola .................................30.0 India.....................................30.0 Namibia ...............................30.0 Mozambique........................27.0 Nepal ...................................27.0 Cambodia ............................16.0 Burkina Faso........................12.0 Chad ......................................8.0 Ethiopia..................................6.0 Argentina ...............................n/a Croatia ...................................n/a Czech Republic......................n/a Estonia...................................n/a Korea, Rep.............................n/a Latvia .....................................n/a Lithuania ................................n/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/a Malaysia.................................n/a Malta......................................n/a Poland....................................n/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

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Access to improved drinking water

Access to safe drinking water as a percentage of total population

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 37 38 38 38 38 42 42 44 45 45 45 45 49 49 49 49 53 53 53 53 53 58 58 58 58 62

HARD DATA

Australia.............................100.0 Austria ...............................100.0 Barbados ...........................100.0 Belgium .............................100.0 Bulgaria..............................100.0 Canada...............................100.0 Cyprus ...............................100.0 Denmark............................100.0 Finland ...............................100.0 France................................100.0 Germany............................100.0 Greece...............................100.0 Hong Kong SAR ................100.0 Iceland ...............................100.0 Ireland................................100.0 Israel..................................100.0 Italy....................................100.0 Japan .................................100.0 Kuwait ...............................100.0 Luxembourg ......................100.0 Malta .................................100.0 Mauritius ...........................100.0 Netherlands .......................100.0 New Zealand .....................100.0 Norway ..............................100.0 Portugal .............................100.0 Qatar..................................100.0 Singapore ..........................100.0 Slovak Republic .................100.0 Slovenia .............................100.0 Spain..................................100.0 Sweden .............................100.0 Switzerland........................100.0 United Arab Emirates ........100.0 United Kingdom ................100.0 United States ....................100.0 Hungary ...............................99.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina......98.0 Egypt ...................................98.0 Ukraine ................................98.0 Uruguay ...............................98.0 Albania.................................97.0 Costa Rica ...........................97.0 Russian Federation..............96.0 Botswana ............................95.0 Chile ....................................95.0 Guatemala ...........................95.0 Malaysia ..............................95.0 Dominican Republic ............93.0 Jamaica ...............................93.0 Serbia and Montenegro.......93.0 Turkey..................................93.0 Armenia ...............................92.0 Colombia .............................92.0 Korea, Rep...........................92.0 Moldova...............................92.0 Suriname .............................92.0 Jordan..................................91.0 Mexico.................................91.0 Panama................................91.0 Trinidad and Tobago.............91.0 Honduras .............................90.0

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005 (published version)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 64 65 65 67 67 67 70 70 70 73 74 74 74 74 78 78 78 81 81 83 83 83 86 87 87 89 89 91 91 91 94 95 96 97 98 99 99 101 102 103 104 104 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 112 114 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Pakistan ...............................90.0 Brazil....................................89.0 Algeria .................................87.0 South Africa.........................87.0 Ecuador ...............................86.0 India.....................................86.0 Kazakhstan ..........................86.0 Bolivia ..................................85.0 Philippines ...........................85.0 Thailand ...............................85.0 Nepal ...................................84.0 Guyana ................................83.0 Paraguay..............................83.0 Venezuela ............................83.0 Zimbabwe............................83.0 El Salvador...........................82.0 Gambia ................................82.0 Tunisia .................................82.0 Nicaragua.............................81.0 Peru .....................................81.0 Morocco ..............................80.0 Namibia ...............................80.0 Vietnam ...............................80.0 Burundi ................................79.0 Indonesia .............................78.0 Sri Lanka..............................78.0 Azerbaijan ............................77.0 China ...................................77.0 Georgia ................................76.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................76.0 Lesotho ...............................76.0 Bangladesh..........................75.0 Tanzania...............................73.0 Benin ...................................68.0 Malawi.................................67.0 Cameroon............................63.0 Kenya...................................62.0 Mongolia..............................62.0 Nigeria .................................60.0 Tajikistan ..............................58.0 Romania ..............................57.0 Mauritania............................56.0 Uganda ................................56.0 Zambia.................................55.0 Burkina Faso........................51.0 Angola .................................50.0 Mali......................................48.0 Madagascar .........................45.0 Mozambique........................42.0 Cambodia ............................34.0 Chad ....................................34.0 Ethiopia................................22.0 Argentina ...............................n/a Bahrain...................................n/a Croatia ...................................n/a Czech Republic......................n/a Estonia...................................n/a Latvia .....................................n/a Lithuania ................................n/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/a Poland....................................n/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

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Government prioritization of the T&T industry

Is the T&T industry given due consideration/priority compared with other sectors when your government sets policy on investment and development? (1 = no, the T&T industry is not a priority for the government, 7 = yes, nurturing and developing T&T industry is a top priority for the government) RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 61

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.5

7

Mauritius.......................6.5 Barbados.......................6.3 Cyprus ..........................6.1 United Arab Emirates ...6.1 Hong Kong SAR............6.0 Singapore......................6.0 Cambodia......................5.9 Malaysia........................5.9 Gambia .........................5.9 Tunisia...........................5.9 Zambia ..........................5.8 New Zealand.................5.8 Ireland ...........................5.6 Thailand ........................5.6 Jamaica.........................5.6 Morocco .......................5.5 Spain .............................5.5 Greece ..........................5.5 Portugal ........................5.5 South Africa ..................5.4 Malta.............................5.4 Jordan ...........................5.4 Austria ..........................5.4 Qatar .............................5.3 Botswana......................5.3 Tanzania ........................5.3 Sri Lanka .......................5.3 Australia ........................5.3 Madagascar ..................5.3 Egypt ............................5.2 Switzerland ...................5.2 Dominican Republic......5.1 Mauritania .....................5.1 Indonesia ......................5.1 Kenya ............................5.1 France ...........................5.0 Croatia ..........................5.0 Iceland ..........................5.0 Mexico ..........................5.0 Mozambique .................4.9 Uganda .........................4.9 Mali ...............................4.9 Georgia .........................4.8 Honduras ......................4.8 Uruguay ........................4.8 Namibia.........................4.8 Nepal ............................4.8 Guatemala ....................4.8 China.............................4.8 Hungary ........................4.8 Guyana..........................4.8 Armenia ........................4.8 Costa Rica.....................4.8 Israel .............................4.7 Panama .........................4.7 Estonia ..........................4.7 Nicaragua ......................4.7 Bulgaria .........................4.7 India ..............................4.7 Bahrain..........................4.7 Canada ..........................4.7 Vietnam.........................4.7

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.2

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 69 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

United Kingdom............4.6 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.6 Norway .........................4.6 Denmark .......................4.6 Mongolia .......................4.5 Tajikistan .......................4.5 Argentina ......................4.5 El Salvador ....................4.5 Philippines ....................4.5 Burkina Faso .................4.4 Turkey ...........................4.4 Taiwan, China................4.4 Nigeria ..........................4.3 Peru ..............................4.3 Slovenia ........................4.2 Colombia.......................4.1 Netherlands ..................4.1 Sweden ........................4.0 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.0 Algeria...........................4.0 Malawi ..........................4.0 United States................4.0 Azerbaijan .....................3.9 Albania ..........................3.9 Belgium ........................3.9 Korea, Rep. ...................3.9 Benin ............................3.9 Kazakhstan....................3.9 Zimbabwe .....................3.8 Italy ...............................3.8 Chile..............................3.8 Brazil .............................3.8 Czech Republic .............3.7 Latvia ............................3.7 Luxembourg .................3.7 Japan ............................3.6 Slovak Republic ............3.6 Finland ..........................3.6 Serbia and Montenegro..3.5 Lesotho.........................3.5 Suriname ......................3.5 Poland ...........................3.5 Pakistan ........................3.5 Ethiopia .........................3.4 Romania........................3.4 Lithuania .......................3.4 Moldova ........................3.4 Angola...........................3.4 Germany .......................3.4 Bangladesh ...................3.2 Ecuador.........................3.1 Ukraine .........................3.1 Cameroon .....................3.1 Chad .............................2.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.8 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 Kuwait...........................2.7 Russian Federation .......2.6 Paraguay .......................2.6 Bolivia ...........................2.6 Burundi .........................2.5 Venezuela .....................2.4

1

MEAN: 4.5

7

SD

1.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5

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T&T government expenditure

T&T government expenditure as percentage of total budget, 2005

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 26 28 29 30 30 30 33 33 33 36 37 38 39 39 39 42 42 44 44 44 44 44 49 49 49 49 53 54 54 54 54 58 59 59 59 62

HARD DATA

Dominican Republic ............20.9 Jamaica ...............................16.7 Mauritius .............................15.8 Barbados .............................15.6 Iceland .................................13.0 Malta ...................................11.3 Jordan..................................10.3 Singapore ............................10.1 Gambia ..................................9.3 Cyprus ...................................9.2 Cambodia ..............................9.1 Indonesia ...............................8.9 Estonia...................................8.1 Paraguay................................7.9 Hong Kong SAR ....................7.5 Switzerland............................7.5 Tunisia ...................................7.2 Kenya.....................................6.9 Egypt .....................................6.6 Portugal .................................6.5 Spain......................................6.4 Costa Rica .............................6.1 Guyana ..................................5.9 Norway ..................................5.5 Tanzania .................................5.5 Madagascar ...........................5.4 Qatar......................................5.4 Hungary .................................5.2 United States ........................5.1 Nepal .....................................5.0 Ukraine ..................................5.0 Uruguay .................................5.0 Austria ...................................4.8 Mexico...................................4.8 Panama..................................4.8 Guatemala .............................4.6 Sri Lanka................................4.4 Slovenia .................................4.2 Chile ......................................4.1 Japan .....................................4.1 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.1 Canada...................................4.0 Honduras ...............................4.0 Albania...................................3.8 Australia.................................3.8 Bahrain ..................................3.8 Chad ......................................3.8 China .....................................3.8 Czech Republic......................3.7 Ecuador .................................3.7 Greece...................................3.7 Namibia .................................3.7 Ireland....................................3.6 Italy........................................3.5 New Zealand .........................3.5 Philippines .............................3.5 Venezuela ..............................3.5 Romania ................................3.4 Belgium .................................3.2 Bulgaria..................................3.2 France....................................3.2 Bolivia ....................................3.1

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 64 64 64 67 68 69 69 69 69 73 73 73 73 77 78 78 78 78 82 82 82 85 85 85 85 85 90 91 91 91 94 94 94 94 94 99 99 101 101 103 103 105 105 105 108 109 110 111 112 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Finland ...................................3.1 Benin .....................................3.0 Latvia .....................................3.0 Lithuania ................................3.0 United Kingdom ....................2.9 Brazil......................................2.8 Peru .......................................2.7 Poland....................................2.7 Russian Federation................2.7 Thailand .................................2.7 Denmark................................2.5 El Salvador.............................2.5 Korea, Rep.............................2.5 Luxembourg ..........................2.5 Argentina ...............................2.4 Botswana ..............................2.3 Ethiopia..................................2.3 Uganda ..................................2.3 Zimbabwe..............................2.3 Germany................................2.2 Netherlands ...........................2.2 Sweden .................................2.2 Bangladesh............................2.1 Israel......................................2.1 Nicaragua...............................2.1 Slovak Republic .....................2.1 Zambia...................................2.1 Colombia ...............................2.0 Burkina Faso..........................1.9 Pakistan .................................1.9 United Arab Emirates ............1.9 Cameroon..............................1.7 Malaysia ................................1.7 Mali........................................1.7 Suriname ...............................1.7 Taiwan, China ........................1.7 Croatia ...................................1.4 Vietnam .................................1.4 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.3 Malawi...................................1.3 Kuwait ...................................1.2 Lesotho .................................1.2 Algeria ...................................1.1 Angola ...................................1.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.1 India.......................................0.9 Burundi ..................................0.7 Turkey....................................0.6 South Africa...........................0.5 Nigeria ...................................0.3 Armenia .................................n/a Azerbaijan ..............................n/a Georgia ..................................n/a Kazakhstan.............................n/a Kyrgyz Republic .....................n/a Mauritania..............................n/a Moldova.................................n/a Mongolia................................n/a Morocco ................................n/a Mozambique..........................n/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a Tajikistan ................................n/a

SOURCE: World Travel & Tourism Council, Tourism Satellite Accounting Research 2006

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Effectiveness of marketing and branding to attract tourists

Does your country carry out effective marketing and branding to attract inbound tourists? (1 = no, tourism marketing is nonexistent or completely ineffective, 7 = yes, tourism marketing is excellent and is very effective in attracting tourists)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 60 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.2

7

United Arab Emirates ...6.2 New Zealand.................5.9 Singapore......................5.9 Hong Kong SAR............5.9 Barbados.......................5.8 Malaysia........................5.8 Austria ..........................5.7 Iceland ..........................5.6 Ireland ...........................5.5 Jamaica.........................5.5 Thailand ........................5.5 Spain .............................5.5 Australia ........................5.5 Tunisia...........................5.4 Indonesia ......................5.4 South Africa ..................5.4 Portugal ........................5.4 Cyprus ..........................5.4 Morocco .......................5.3 Mali ...............................5.3 Gambia .........................5.3 Mauritius.......................5.3 Zambia ..........................5.3 Switzerland ...................5.3 Mexico ..........................5.2 Kenya ............................5.2 Namibia.........................5.1 France ...........................5.1 United Kingdom............5.1 Cambodia......................5.0 Mauritania .....................5.0 Greece ..........................5.0 Tanzania ........................4.9 Madagascar ..................4.9 Israel .............................4.9 Egypt ............................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.8 Costa Rica.....................4.8 Norway .........................4.8 Burkina Faso .................4.8 Denmark .......................4.8 Estonia ..........................4.7 Panama .........................4.7 Uganda .........................4.7 Dominican Republic......4.7 Canada ..........................4.7 Peru ..............................4.6 Jordan ...........................4.6 Botswana......................4.6 Guatemala ....................4.5 Sri Lanka .......................4.5 Netherlands ..................4.5 Nicaragua ......................4.5 United States................4.5 Malta.............................4.5 Vietnam.........................4.5 China.............................4.4 Uruguay ........................4.4 India ..............................4.4 Qatar .............................4.4 Taiwan, China................4.4 Honduras ......................4.3

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Nigeria ..........................4.3 Germany .......................4.3 Turkey ...........................4.2 Luxembourg .................4.2 Colombia.......................4.2 Finland ..........................4.1 Belgium ........................4.1 Philippines ....................4.1 Hungary ........................4.1 Nepal ............................4.1 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 Guyana..........................4.0 Argentina ......................4.0 El Salvador ....................4.0 Chile..............................3.9 Sweden ........................3.9 Czech Republic .............3.9 Japan ............................3.8 Benin ............................3.8 Mozambique .................3.8 Bulgaria .........................3.8 Latvia ............................3.7 Brazil .............................3.7 Poland ...........................3.7 Slovenia ........................3.6 Tajikistan .......................3.6 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 Kazakhstan....................3.6 Azerbaijan .....................3.5 Armenia ........................3.5 Italy ...............................3.4 Algeria...........................3.4 Lithuania .......................3.4 Georgia .........................3.4 Suriname ......................3.4 Serbia and Montenegro..3.3 Ethiopia .........................3.3 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.3 Malawi ..........................3.3 Zimbabwe .....................3.3 Ecuador.........................3.2 Lesotho.........................3.2 Ukraine .........................3.2 Pakistan ........................3.2 Bahrain..........................3.2 Slovak Republic ............3.1 Moldova ........................3.1 Mongolia .......................3.1 Romania........................2.9 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 Russian Federation .......2.8 Cameroon .....................2.7 Angola...........................2.6 Kuwait...........................2.6 Bangladesh ...................2.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.6 Chad .............................2.5 Albania ..........................2.5 Bolivia ...........................2.4 Paraguay .......................2.4 Burundi .........................2.3 Venezuela .....................2.0

1

MEAN: 4.2

7

SD

1.8 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

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T&T fair attendance

Index of country presence at 12 major T&T fairs, 2005–06

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48

HARD DATA

Poland..................................10.0 Malaysia ................................9.0 Spain......................................9.0 Austria ...................................8.0 Canada...................................8.0 China .....................................8.0 Egypt .....................................8.0 France....................................8.0 Germany................................8.0 Greece...................................8.0 India.......................................8.0 Thailand .................................8.0 Tunisia ...................................8.0 Turkey....................................8.0 Bulgaria..................................7.0 Czech Republic......................7.0 Ireland....................................7.0 Italy........................................7.0 Korea, Rep.............................7.0 Switzerland............................7.0 United Arab Emirates ............7.0 United Kingdom ....................7.0 Argentina ...............................6.0 Australia.................................6.0 Brazil......................................6.0 Finland ...................................6.0 Indonesia ...............................6.0 Japan .....................................6.0 Kenya.....................................6.0 Malta .....................................6.0 Mexico...................................6.0 Morocco ................................6.0 Romania ................................6.0 Russian Federation................6.0 Bolivia ....................................5.0 Cambodia ..............................5.0 Costa Rica .............................5.0 Croatia ...................................5.0 Cyprus ...................................5.0 Guatemala .............................5.0 Hungary .................................5.0 Israel......................................5.0 Peru .......................................5.0 South Africa...........................5.0 Sri Lanka................................5.0 Tanzania .................................5.0 United States ........................5.0 Chile ......................................4.0 Dominican Republic ..............4.0 Ecuador .................................4.0 Estonia...................................4.0 Ethiopia..................................4.0 Georgia ..................................4.0 Guyana ..................................4.0 Hong Kong SAR ....................4.0 Jordan....................................4.0 Lithuania ................................4.0 Luxembourg ..........................4.0 Mongolia................................4.0 Nepal .....................................4.0 Portugal .................................4.0 Singapore ..............................4.0

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

48 48 48 48 48 48 48 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117

HARD DATA

Slovak Republic .....................4.0 Taiwan, China ........................4.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.0 Uruguay .................................4.0 Venezuela ..............................4.0 Vietnam .................................4.0 Zambia...................................4.0 Algeria ...................................3.0 Armenia .................................3.0 Azerbaijan ..............................3.0 Bahrain ..................................3.0 Belgium .................................3.0 Iceland ...................................3.0 Jamaica .................................3.0 Latvia .....................................3.0 Mali........................................3.0 New Zealand .........................3.0 Nigeria ...................................3.0 Norway ..................................3.0 Paraguay................................3.0 Philippines .............................3.0 Qatar......................................3.0 Serbia and Montenegro.........3.0 Slovenia .................................3.0 Sweden .................................3.0 Ukraine ..................................3.0 Zimbabwe..............................3.0 Albania...................................2.0 Colombia ...............................2.0 Denmark................................2.0 Gambia ..................................2.0 Honduras ...............................2.0 Kazakhstan ............................2.0 Kuwait ...................................2.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.0 Mauritius ...............................2.0 Mozambique..........................2.0 Netherlands ...........................2.0 Nicaragua...............................2.0 Pakistan .................................2.0 Panama..................................2.0 Uganda ..................................2.0 Angola ...................................1.0 Bangladesh............................1.0 Barbados ...............................1.0 Botswana ..............................1.0 Cameroon..............................1.0 El Salvador.............................1.0 Lesotho .................................1.0 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.0 Madagascar ...........................1.0 Mauritania..............................1.0 Moldova.................................1.0 Namibia .................................1.0 Benin .....................................0.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.0 Burkina Faso..........................0.0 Burundi ..................................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 Malawi...................................0.0 Suriname ...............................0.0 Tajikistan ................................0.0

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Data Tables

Pillar 6 Air transport infrastructure 401

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Quality of air transport infrastructure

Passenger air transport in your country is (1 = infrequent, limited and inefficient, 7 = as frequent, extensive, and efficient as the world’s best)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.5

7

Singapore......................6.9 Germany .......................6.7 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 Netherlands ..................6.6 France ...........................6.5 United Kingdom............6.5 United Arab Emirates ...6.5 Japan ............................6.4 Denmark .......................6.3 Finland ..........................6.3 United States................6.2 Barbados.......................6.0 Iceland ..........................6.0 Switzerland ...................6.0 Australia ........................6.0 Malaysia........................6.0 Canada ..........................6.0 Belgium ........................6.0 Norway .........................5.9 Taiwan, China................5.8 Sweden ........................5.8 South Africa ..................5.8 Spain .............................5.7 Portugal ........................5.7 El Salvador ....................5.7 Israel .............................5.7 Austria ..........................5.7 New Zealand.................5.7 Chile..............................5.6 Ireland ...........................5.6 Thailand ........................5.5 Korea, Rep. ...................5.5 Jamaica.........................5.5 Dominican Republic......5.5 Qatar .............................5.4 Greece ..........................5.4 Bahrain..........................5.4 Luxembourg .................5.3 Mauritius.......................5.3 Malta.............................5.3 Latvia ............................5.2 Panama .........................5.2 Azerbaijan .....................5.1 Estonia ..........................5.1 Czech Republic .............5.1 India ..............................5.1 Kuwait...........................5.0 Jordan ...........................5.0 Tunisia...........................5.0 Kenya ............................5.0 Namibia.........................4.9 Cyprus ..........................4.9 Colombia.......................4.9 Turkey ...........................4.7 Mexico ..........................4.7 Egypt ............................4.7 Brazil .............................4.6 Zambia ..........................4.6 Pakistan ........................4.6 Slovenia ........................4.6 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.6 Lithuania .......................4.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Hungary ........................4.5 Ethiopia .........................4.5 Morocco .......................4.5 Guatemala ....................4.4 Italy ...............................4.4 Costa Rica.....................4.3 Russian Federation .......4.3 Croatia ..........................4.2 Ecuador.........................4.2 Kazakhstan....................4.1 Indonesia ......................4.1 Moldova ........................4.1 Sri Lanka .......................4.1 Philippines ....................4.0 Honduras ......................4.0 Gambia .........................3.9 Venezuela .....................3.9 Cambodia......................3.9 Nicaragua ......................3.8 Vietnam.........................3.8 Slovak Republic ............3.8 Argentina ......................3.8 Armenia ........................3.8 Poland ...........................3.8 Botswana......................3.8 Tanzania ........................3.7 China.............................3.7 Romania........................3.6 Algeria...........................3.5 Bulgaria .........................3.5 Mozambique .................3.5 Nigeria ..........................3.5 Georgia .........................3.4 Uganda .........................3.3 Peru ..............................3.3 Nepal ............................3.3 Angola...........................3.3 Madagascar ..................3.2 Uruguay ........................3.2 Serbia and Montenegro..3.2 Albania ..........................3.1 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 Guyana..........................3.0 Ukraine .........................3.0 Paraguay .......................3.0 Bolivia ...........................2.9 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.9 Tajikistan .......................2.9 Burkina Faso .................2.9 Mongolia .......................2.8 Malawi ..........................2.8 Mali ...............................2.7 Zimbabwe .....................2.6 Benin ............................2.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.5 Mauritania .....................2.5 Suriname ......................2.5 Bangladesh ...................2.5 Burundi .........................2.4 Cameroon .....................2.2 Lesotho.........................2.2 Chad .............................2.1

1

MEAN: 4.5

7

SD

1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2

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Available seat kilometers

Scheduled available seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions), August 2005 and February 2006 average

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

United States ...............32,095.3 China ..............................5,923.3 United Kingdom .............5,688.7 Japan ..............................5,246.2 Germany.........................3,990.6 France.............................3,119.7 Australia..........................2,772.4 Spain...............................2,728.1 Canada............................2,539.6 Singapore .......................1,793.3 Hong Kong SAR .............1,762.4 Italy.................................1,748.9 Brazil...............................1,723.4 Thailand ..........................1,699.4 India................................1,660.2 Russian Federation.........1,604.4 Netherlands ....................1,453.6 Mexico............................1,433.6 Korea, Rep......................1,384.5 United Arab Emirates .....1,277.6 Malaysia .........................1,011.2 South Africa.......................955.7 Taiwan, China ....................890.3 Indonesia ...........................768.4 New Zealand .....................658.3 Switzerland........................650.7 Turkey................................574.0 Argentina ...........................555.2 Philippines .........................548.5 Portugal .............................478.6 Greece...............................420.2 Austria ...............................391.4 Denmark............................374.3 Sweden .............................369.4 Egypt .................................351.4 Israel..................................350.2 Ireland................................322.4 Chile ..................................316.7 Norway ..............................313.6 Pakistan .............................310.8 Vietnam .............................305.8 Belgium .............................295.6 Colombia ...........................279.0 Qatar..................................263.3 Finland ...............................255.1 Peru ...................................234.8 Venezuela ..........................226.5 Dominican Republic ..........222.8 Morocco ............................191.0 Poland................................190.3 Kenya.................................182.7 Sri Lanka............................165.8 Czech Republic..................157.7 Kuwait ...............................156.0 Bahrain ..............................150.9 Mauritius ...........................137.1 Nigeria ...............................136.7 Bangladesh........................132.2 Hungary .............................129.4 Ecuador .............................124.6 Ukraine ..............................123.0 Cyprus ...............................122.3

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

HARD DATA

Jamaica .............................121.7 Jordan................................108.6 Costa Rica .........................105.2 Panama..............................104.8 Kazakhstan ..........................93.8 Romania ..............................88.3 Barbados .............................83.6 Tunisia .................................82.4 Ethiopia................................80.0 Algeria .................................66.2 Iceland .................................63.9 El Salvador...........................58.7 Bolivia ..................................54.1 Bulgaria................................51.3 Guatemala ...........................45.4 Azerbaijan ............................44.9 Trinidad and Tobago.............44.6 Malta ...................................41.6 Serbia and Montenegro.......40.1 Tanzania...............................39.7 Angola .................................39.6 Nepal ...................................37.8 Latvia ...................................36.0 Armenia ...............................34.8 Madagascar .........................33.9 Croatia .................................33.2 Cambodia ............................32.8 Namibia ...............................32.3 Cameroon............................27.5 Kyrgyz Republic...................25.9 Lithuania ..............................23.0 Mozambique........................22.7 Zimbabwe............................22.3 Uruguay ...............................21.2 Slovak Republic ...................20.6 Mali......................................20.4 Honduras .............................19.5 Uganda ................................18.5 Luxembourg ........................17.5 Nicaragua.............................17.3 Estonia.................................16.6 Suriname .............................16.0 Zambia.................................15.0 Georgia ................................14.8 Mongolia..............................14.3 Slovenia ...............................13.5 Paraguay..............................11.1 Benin ...................................11.1 Albania.................................11.0 Tajikistan ..............................10.0 Mauritania..............................9.5 Guyana ..................................7.9 Burkina Faso..........................7.6 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.4 Moldova.................................7.0 Chad ......................................6.7 Malawi...................................6.3 Botswana ..............................3.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina........3.1 Burundi ..................................1.7 Gambia ..................................1.6 Lesotho .................................0.2

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Departures per 1,000 population

Number of aircraft departures per 1,000 population, 2005

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Luxembourg ........................81.5 Norway ................................66.8 New Zealand .......................66.0 Ireland..................................40.9 Iceland .................................39.4 Switzerland..........................38.0 Malta ...................................37.9 Qatar....................................31.3 Bahrain ................................28.9 United States ......................28.9 Trinidad and Tobago.............26.0 Sweden ...............................26.0 Finland .................................24.7 Denmark..............................20.3 United Arab Emirates ..........19.8 Australia...............................19.3 Belgium ...............................17.2 Singapore ............................17.2 Cyprus .................................17.0 United Kingdom ..................16.3 Austria .................................16.3 Netherlands .........................13.8 France..................................13.0 Spain....................................12.8 Zimbabwe............................10.7 Mauritius .............................10.4 Greece...................................9.6 Germany................................9.5 Portugal .................................9.1 Jamaica .................................8.9 Canada...................................8.9 Israel......................................8.3 Panama..................................7.9 Malaysia ................................7.3 Kuwait ...................................7.1 Italy........................................6.8 El Salvador.............................6.6 Costa Rica .............................6.6 Slovenia .................................6.6 Mongolia................................6.3 Estonia...................................6.3 Chile ......................................5.2 Japan .....................................5.0 Latvia .....................................4.8 Colombia ...............................4.4 Suriname ...............................4.3 Botswana ..............................4.3 Czech Republic......................4.3 Croatia ...................................4.1 Brazil......................................3.5 Hungary .................................3.2 Argentina ...............................3.1 Lithuania ................................2.9 Uruguay .................................2.8 Jordan....................................2.8 South Africa...........................2.8 Mexico...................................2.7 Namibia .................................2.7 Macedonia, FYR ....................2.3 Russian Federation................2.3 Bolivia ....................................2.3 Tunisia ...................................1.9

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Poland....................................1.9 Thailand .................................1.6 Turkey....................................1.5 Algeria ...................................1.4 Morocco ................................1.4 Paraguay................................1.3 Ecuador .................................1.2 Madagascar ...........................1.2 Albania...................................1.1 Peru .......................................1.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.0 Azerbaijan ..............................1.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.0 Armenia .................................0.9 Romania ................................0.9 Bulgaria..................................0.9 Moldova.................................0.9 Ukraine ..................................0.8 Kenya.....................................0.7 Mauritania..............................0.7 Indonesia ...............................0.7 China .....................................0.6 Tajikistan ................................0.6 Sri Lanka................................0.6 Kazakhstan ............................0.6 Guatemala .............................0.5 Philippines .............................0.5 Nepal .....................................0.4 Zambia...................................0.4 Vietnam .................................0.4 Georgia ..................................0.4 Guyana ..................................0.4 Ethiopia..................................0.4 Mozambique..........................0.4 Angola ...................................0.4 Malawi...................................0.4 Taiwan, China ........................0.3 Slovak Republic .....................0.3 Pakistan .................................0.3 Cameroon..............................0.3 India.......................................0.2 Burundi ..................................0.2 Burkina Faso..........................0.1 Tanzania .................................0.1 Lesotho .................................0.1 Benin .....................................0.1 Nicaragua...............................0.1 Chad ......................................0.1 Nigeria ...................................0.1 Mali........................................0.1 Bangladesh............................0.0 Dominican Republic ..............0.0 Uganda ..................................0.0 Barbados................................n/a Cambodia...............................n/a Egypt .....................................n/a Gambia ..................................n/a Honduras ...............................n/a Hong Kong SAR.....................n/a Korea, Rep.............................n/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a Venezuela ..............................n/a

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Airport density

Number of airports per million population, 2005

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 26 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 53 55 56 56 58 59 60 61 61

HARD DATA

Iceland ...............................330.3 Paraguay............................138.3 Bolivia ................................120.2 Suriname ...........................105.0 Namibia ...............................67.0 Guyana ................................64.0 Botswana ............................51.8 United States ......................50.2 Canada.................................40.4 Guatemala ...........................37.6 Costa Rica ...........................37.1 Argentina .............................33.7 Panama................................33.4 Zimbabwe............................33.2 Nicaragua.............................32.2 New Zealand .......................28.7 Bulgaria................................28.6 Lithuania ..............................28.4 Finland .................................28.3 Sweden ...............................28.2 Chile ....................................22.8 Colombia .............................22.8 Australia...............................22.3 Brazil....................................22.2 Norway ................................22.0 Cyprus .................................21.8 Estonia.................................21.8 Latvia ...................................21.8 Kazakhstan ..........................20.7 Angola .................................20.5 Uruguay ...............................18.7 Russian Federation..............18.0 Denmark..............................17.9 Mexico.................................17.3 Mongolia..............................16.5 South Africa.........................16.4 Honduras .............................16.0 Ecuador ...............................15.3 Croatia .................................15.1 Venezuela ............................14.5 Ukraine ................................14.0 Lesotho ...............................13.8 United Arab Emirates ..........13.7 Jamaica ...............................12.8 Czech Republic....................11.7 El Salvador...........................10.9 Kyrgyz Republic...................10.1 Zambia...................................9.7 Ireland....................................9.0 Switzerland............................8.7 Peru .......................................8.4 Macedonia, FYR ....................8.3 Israel......................................8.1 Mozambique..........................8.1 France....................................7.9 Mauritania..............................7.8 United Kingdom ....................7.8 Tajikistan ................................7.7 Greece...................................7.5 Slovenia .................................7.0 Austria ...................................6.7 Germany................................6.7

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 64 66 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 73 75 75 77 78 79 80 81 81 83 84 85 86 87 87 89 90 91 91 91 94 95 95 97 98 98 100 101 101 103 104 104 104 104 108 109 110 111 111 111 114 115 116 116 118 118 120 121 121 123 124

HARD DATA

Kenya.....................................6.5 Georgia ..................................6.4 Madagascar ...........................6.4 Azerbaijan ..............................6.3 Slovak Republic .....................6.3 Portugal .................................6.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina........6.1 Bahrain ..................................5.8 Trinidad and Tobago...............5.6 Armenia .................................5.4 Chad ......................................5.2 Moldova.................................5.2 Malaysia ................................4.9 Mauritius ...............................4.9 Qatar......................................4.6 Hungary .................................4.4 Luxembourg ..........................4.3 Algeria ...................................4.2 Belgium .................................4.1 Serbia and Montenegro.........4.1 Spain......................................3.9 Korea, Rep.............................3.7 Barbados ...............................3.6 Dominican Republic ..............3.4 Malawi...................................3.3 Tanzania .................................3.3 Poland....................................3.2 Albania...................................3.1 Jordan....................................3.0 Kuwait ...................................3.0 Tunisia ...................................3.0 Philippines .............................2.9 Cameroon..............................2.8 Indonesia ...............................2.8 Romania ................................2.7 Mali........................................2.5 Malta .....................................2.5 Burkina Faso..........................2.4 Italy........................................2.3 Singapore ..............................2.3 Morocco ................................1.9 Nepal .....................................1.7 Taiwan, China ........................1.7 Thailand .................................1.7 Turkey....................................1.7 Netherlands ...........................1.6 Cambodia ..............................1.5 Japan .....................................1.4 Egypt .....................................1.1 Ethiopia..................................1.1 Uganda ..................................1.1 Burundi ..................................1.0 Pakistan .................................0.8 Benin .....................................0.7 Sri Lanka................................0.7 Gambia ..................................0.6 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.6 Nigeria ...................................0.5 China .....................................0.4 India.......................................0.4 Vietnam .................................0.3 Bangladesh............................0.1

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Number of operating airlines

Number of airlines with scheduled flights originating in country, August 2005 and February 2006 average

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 22 24 25 26 27 28 28 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 45 47 47 47 50 51 51 53 54 54 54 57 57 59 59 61 61

HARD DATA

United States ....................174.5 United Kingdom ................159.0 France................................157.5 Germany............................149.0 Italy....................................128.5 Russian Federation............108.0 Spain..................................101.0 Canada.................................85.0 Netherlands .........................83.0 Switzerland..........................82.5 Thailand ...............................79.0 China ...................................78.0 United Arab Emirates ..........74.0 India.....................................70.5 Japan ...................................68.0 Turkey..................................67.5 Austria .................................62.0 Sweden ...............................61.5 Denmark..............................60.5 Portugal ...............................60.5 Australia...............................59.0 Hong Kong SAR ..................58.5 Singapore ............................58.5 Greece.................................57.0 Belgium ...............................55.5 Egypt ...................................53.0 Malaysia ..............................48.5 Mexico.................................46.5 South Africa.........................46.5 Czech Republic....................46.0 Ukraine ................................45.0 Ireland..................................43.0 Indonesia .............................42.0 Korea, Rep...........................42.0 Hungary ...............................40.0 Norway ................................39.0 Brazil....................................38.0 Cyprus .................................36.5 Poland..................................35.5 Israel....................................34.5 Philippines ...........................34.5 Argentina .............................33.0 Kuwait .................................32.5 Dominican Republic ............31.5 Venezuela ............................30.0 Vietnam ...............................30.0 Armenia ...............................27.5 Azerbaijan ............................27.5 Morocco ..............................27.5 Colombia .............................27.0 Pakistan ...............................26.5 Taiwan, China ......................26.5 Kenya...................................26.0 Bulgaria................................25.5 Finland .................................25.5 Romania ..............................25.5 Qatar....................................24.0 Tunisia .................................24.0 Bahrain ................................22.5 New Zealand .......................22.5 Peru .....................................22.0 Sri Lanka..............................22.0

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 64 66 66 68 69 69 71 72 72 74 75 75 77 77 77 80 81 81 81 84 85 86 87 88 88 88 91 91 91 94 94 94 97 97 97 97 97 102 103 104 104 106 107 107 109 110 111 111 111 114 114 116 117 117 117 120 121 122 122 124

HARD DATA

Jordan..................................21.5 Nigeria .................................20.5 Serbia and Montenegro.......20.5 Jamaica ...............................20.0 Kazakhstan ..........................20.0 Chile ....................................19.5 Bangladesh..........................19.0 Cambodia ............................19.0 Ecuador ...............................18.5 Croatia .................................18.0 Tajikistan ..............................18.0 Costa Rica ...........................17.5 Mali......................................15.5 Trinidad and Tobago.............15.5 Georgia ................................15.0 Guatemala ...........................15.0 Tanzania...............................15.0 Panama................................14.5 Cameroon............................14.0 Latvia ...................................14.0 Lithuania ..............................14.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................13.5 Algeria .................................13.0 Mauritius .............................12.5 Nepal ...................................12.0 Barbados .............................11.5 Estonia.................................11.5 Uganda ................................11.5 Albania.................................11.0 Benin ...................................11.0 Zambia.................................11.0 Ethiopia................................10.5 Macedonia, FYR ..................10.5 Zimbabwe............................10.5 Bolivia ..................................10.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina......10.0 Luxembourg ........................10.0 Malta ...................................10.0 Uruguay ...............................10.0 Honduras ...............................9.5 Slovenia .................................9.0 Mozambique..........................8.5 Slovak Republic .....................8.5 El Salvador.............................8.0 Angola ...................................7.5 Nicaragua...............................7.5 Burkina Faso..........................7.0 Moldova.................................6.5 Madagascar ...........................6.0 Malawi...................................6.0 Mongolia................................6.0 Iceland ...................................5.5 Namibia .................................5.5 Burundi ..................................5.0 Gambia ..................................4.5 Guyana ..................................4.5 Mauritania..............................4.5 Paraguay................................4.0 Chad ......................................3.5 Botswana ..............................3.0 Suriname ...............................3.0 Lesotho .................................1.0

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International air transport network

Does the air transport network in your country offer you good connections to the overseas markets that offer your business greatest potential? (1 = no, not at all, 7 = yes, to all of my key business markets)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

Germany .......................6.9 Singapore......................6.8 Netherlands ..................6.8 United Kingdom............6.8 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 United Arab Emirates ...6.6 France ...........................6.6 Denmark .......................6.6 Finland ..........................6.5 Iceland ..........................6.4 Japan ............................6.4 Israel .............................6.3 Canada ..........................6.3 United States................6.3 Switzerland ...................6.3 Chile..............................6.3 South Africa ..................6.2 Australia ........................6.2 New Zealand.................6.2 Spain .............................6.1 Austria ..........................6.1 Norway .........................6.1 Sweden ........................6.1 Malaysia........................6.1 Jamaica.........................6.1 Panama .........................6.0 Ireland ...........................6.0 Bahrain..........................6.0 Dominican Republic......6.0 El Salvador ....................6.0 Belgium ........................5.9 Jordan ...........................5.8 Czech Republic .............5.8 India ..............................5.8 Portugal ........................5.8 Barbados.......................5.8 Korea, Rep. ...................5.8 Mexico ..........................5.7 Luxembourg .................5.7 Greece ..........................5.6 Thailand ........................5.6 Mauritius.......................5.6 Qatar .............................5.6 Taiwan, China................5.6 Hungary ........................5.5 Costa Rica.....................5.5 Latvia ............................5.5 Cyprus ..........................5.5 Turkey ...........................5.4 Colombia.......................5.3 Brazil .............................5.3 Malta.............................5.3 Estonia ..........................5.3 Kuwait...........................5.2 Argentina ......................5.2 Zambia ..........................5.2 Tunisia...........................5.1 Guatemala ....................5.1 Kenya ............................5.1 Lithuania .......................5.1 Slovenia ........................5.0 Philippines ....................5.0

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 105 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Italy ...............................5.0 Indonesia ......................5.0 Peru ..............................5.0 Morocco .......................4.9 Sri Lanka .......................4.9 Egypt ............................4.9 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.9 Namibia.........................4.9 Pakistan ........................4.8 Venezuela .....................4.8 Azerbaijan .....................4.7 Russian Federation .......4.7 Ethiopia .........................4.7 Vietnam.........................4.7 Slovak Republic ............4.7 Poland ...........................4.6 Nicaragua ......................4.6 Cambodia......................4.5 Tanzania ........................4.5 Romania........................4.5 Kazakhstan....................4.5 Ecuador.........................4.4 Honduras ......................4.4 Croatia ..........................4.3 Mauritania .....................4.3 Algeria...........................4.3 China.............................4.2 Uruguay ........................4.2 Nigeria ..........................4.1 Botswana......................4.0 Mozambique .................4.0 Bangladesh ...................4.0 Moldova ........................3.9 Georgia .........................3.9 Paraguay .......................3.9 Gambia .........................3.9 Bulgaria .........................3.8 Uganda .........................3.8 Nepal ............................3.8 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.7 Guyana..........................3.7 Albania ..........................3.6 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.6 Mali ...............................3.6 Armenia ........................3.6 Malawi ..........................3.6 Madagascar ..................3.6 Ukraine .........................3.6 Tajikistan .......................3.5 Serbia and Montenegro..3.5 Angola...........................3.5 Zimbabwe .....................3.5 Mongolia .......................3.4 Cameroon .....................3.4 Burkina Faso .................3.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.3 Bolivia ...........................3.2 Benin ............................3.0 Lesotho.........................2.7 Suriname ......................2.7 Burundi .........................2.7 Chad .............................2.4

1

MEAN: 5.0

7

SD

1.6 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5

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Data Tables

Pillar 7 Ground transport infrastructure 409

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Road infrastructure

Roads in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensive and efficient as the world’s best)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 57 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

Singapore......................6.7 France ...........................6.6 Switzerland ...................6.6 Germany .......................6.5 Denmark .......................6.4 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 United States................6.1 Japan ............................6.1 Austria ..........................6.0 Belgium ........................6.0 Netherlands ..................5.9 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 Taiwan, China................5.9 United Kingdom............5.8 Malaysia........................5.7 Canada ..........................5.7 Luxembourg .................5.7 Sweden ........................5.5 Finland ..........................5.5 Portugal ........................5.4 Spain .............................5.4 Cyprus ..........................5.3 Chile..............................5.3 Australia ........................5.2 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 Israel .............................5.1 Kuwait...........................5.0 Thailand ........................5.0 Bahrain..........................5.0 Iceland ..........................5.0 El Salvador ....................4.9 Lithuania .......................4.9 Jordan ...........................4.9 South Africa ..................4.8 Namibia.........................4.8 Tunisia...........................4.8 Croatia ..........................4.7 Norway .........................4.5 Barbados.......................4.5 Slovenia ........................4.4 New Zealand.................4.4 Greece ..........................4.3 Mauritius.......................4.2 Italy ...............................4.2 China.............................4.0 Uruguay ........................4.0 Panama .........................4.0 Qatar .............................3.9 Mexico ..........................3.8 Czech Republic .............3.8 Dominican Republic......3.7 Jamaica.........................3.7 Turkey ...........................3.7 Ireland ...........................3.7 Botswana......................3.7 Estonia ..........................3.7 Guatemala ....................3.7 Slovak Republic ............3.7 Hungary ........................3.6 Morocco .......................3.5 Pakistan ........................3.5 Latvia ............................3.4

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Azerbaijan .....................3.3 Egypt ............................3.3 Argentina ......................3.3 India ..............................3.2 Poland ...........................3.2 Armenia ........................3.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 Zimbabwe .....................3.1 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.1 Bangladesh ...................3.1 Tanzania ........................3.1 Honduras ......................3.0 Gambia .........................3.0 Malta.............................3.0 Cambodia......................2.9 Guyana..........................2.8 Algeria...........................2.8 Georgia .........................2.8 Sri Lanka .......................2.7 Ecuador.........................2.7 Peru ..............................2.6 Malawi ..........................2.6 Uganda .........................2.6 Philippines ....................2.6 Colombia.......................2.6 Suriname ......................2.6 Mali ...............................2.5 Benin ............................2.5 Vietnam.........................2.5 Nicaragua ......................2.4 Venezuela .....................2.4 Nigeria ..........................2.4 Madagascar ..................2.4 Brazil .............................2.4 Bulgaria .........................2.3 Kazakhstan....................2.3 Ethiopia .........................2.3 Nepal ............................2.2 Kenya ............................2.2 Lesotho.........................2.2 Russian Federation .......2.2 Ukraine .........................2.2 Burkina Faso .................2.2 Burundi .........................2.2 Zambia ..........................2.1 Costa Rica.....................2.1 Tajikistan .......................2.1 Indonesia ......................2.1 Romania........................2.1 Bolivia ...........................2.0 Serbia and Montenegro..2.0 Albania ..........................1.9 Kyrgyz Republic ............1.9 Paraguay .......................1.9 Mozambique .................1.8 Mongolia .......................1.8 Mauritania .....................1.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.8 Cameroon .....................1.8 Angola...........................1.7 Moldova ........................1.6 Chad .............................1.4

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

SD

1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6

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Railroad infrastructure

Railroads in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensive and efficient as the world’s best)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 2.9

7

Switzerland ...................6.8 Japan ............................6.6 France ...........................6.5 Germany .......................6.4 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 Netherlands ..................5.9 Belgium ........................5.7 Denmark .......................5.7 Singapore......................5.7 Finland ..........................5.6 Sweden ........................5.5 Taiwan, China................5.4 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 Canada ..........................5.2 United States................5.1 Austria ..........................5.0 Malaysia........................5.0 Spain .............................5.0 Luxembourg .................4.9 United Kingdom............4.8 India ..............................4.7 Australia ........................4.6 Slovak Republic ............4.5 Norway .........................4.4 Tunisia...........................4.4 Portugal ........................4.2 Czech Republic .............4.1 Lithuania .......................4.0 Latvia ............................4.0 Russian Federation .......3.9 Israel .............................3.8 Ukraine .........................3.8 China.............................3.8 Azerbaijan .....................3.8 Namibia.........................3.7 Estonia ..........................3.7 New Zealand.................3.7 Poland ...........................3.7 Pakistan ........................3.6 Thailand ........................3.6 Slovenia ........................3.6 Hungary ........................3.6 South Africa ..................3.5 Greece ..........................3.4 Bulgaria .........................3.3 Kazakhstan....................3.3 Egypt ............................3.3 Botswana......................3.3 Italy ...............................3.2 Morocco .......................3.1 Croatia ..........................3.0 Georgia .........................3.0 Ireland ...........................2.9 Romania........................2.9 Tajikistan .......................2.8 Tanzania ........................2.8 Zimbabwe .....................2.7 Chile..............................2.7 Moldova ........................2.6 Qatar .............................2.6 Sri Lanka .......................2.5 Panama .........................2.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 98 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Mongolia .......................2.5 Indonesia ......................2.4 Mexico ..........................2.4 Argentina ......................2.3 Turkey ...........................2.3 Bangladesh ...................2.3 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.2 Vietnam.........................2.2 Malta.............................2.2 Algeria...........................2.0 United Arab Emirates ...2.0 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.0 Jordan ...........................2.0 Armenia ........................2.0 Burkina Faso .................2.0 Kenya ............................1.9 Kuwait...........................1.9 Mauritania .....................1.8 Brazil .............................1.8 Nigeria ..........................1.8 Malawi ..........................1.8 Mozambique .................1.8 Peru ..............................1.7 Philippines ....................1.7 Cameroon .....................1.7 Mauritius.......................1.6 Mali ...............................1.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.6 Serbia and Montenegro..1.6 Bahrain..........................1.6 Zambia ..........................1.6 Bolivia ...........................1.6 Uruguay ........................1.6 Barbados.......................1.5 Cambodia......................1.5 Angola...........................1.5 Iceland ..........................1.5 Suriname ......................1.5 Uganda .........................1.5 Madagascar ..................1.5 Lesotho.........................1.4 Guyana..........................1.4 Costa Rica.....................1.4 Chad .............................1.4 Colombia.......................1.4 Venezuela .....................1.4 Jamaica.........................1.3 Ethiopia .........................1.3 Benin ............................1.3 Guatemala ....................1.3 Gambia .........................1.3 El Salvador ....................1.3 Albania ..........................1.2 Dominican Republic......1.2 Burundi .........................1.2 Trinidad and Tobago ......1.2 Nepal ............................1.2 Ecuador.........................1.1 Honduras ......................1.1 Nicaragua ......................1.1 Paraguay .......................1.0 Cyprus ..........................1.0

1

MEAN: 2.9

7

SD

1.2 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 n/a

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Port infrastructure

Port facilities and inland waterways in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as developed as the world’s best)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 61

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

Singapore......................6.9 Netherlands ..................6.7 Hong Kong SAR............6.6 Germany .......................6.6 Belgium ........................6.4 Denmark .......................6.3 Finland ..........................6.2 Japan ............................6.0 United Arab Emirates ...6.0 France ...........................6.0 Iceland ..........................5.8 Sweden ........................5.8 Malaysia........................5.8 Panama .........................5.7 United States................5.7 Canada ..........................5.6 Norway .........................5.6 New Zealand.................5.5 United Kingdom............5.4 Taiwan, China................5.4 Switzerland ...................5.4 Barbados.......................5.4 Spain .............................5.3 Jamaica.........................5.3 Estonia ..........................5.3 Bahrain..........................5.3 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 Australia ........................5.1 Namibia.........................5.0 Israel .............................4.9 Chile..............................4.9 Cyprus ..........................4.8 Mauritius.......................4.8 Tunisia...........................4.8 Malta.............................4.7 Portugal ........................4.7 Thailand ........................4.7 Austria ..........................4.6 Latvia ............................4.6 Luxembourg .................4.6 Greece ..........................4.6 Qatar .............................4.5 South Africa ..................4.4 Slovenia ........................4.4 Honduras ......................4.3 Uruguay ........................4.3 Kuwait...........................4.2 Ireland ...........................4.2 Jordan ...........................4.0 Lithuania .......................4.0 Gambia .........................3.9 Pakistan ........................3.8 Morocco .......................3.8 Dominican Republic......3.7 China.............................3.7 Sri Lanka .......................3.7 El Salvador ....................3.6 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 Guatemala ....................3.5 Poland ...........................3.5 Egypt ............................3.5 India ..............................3.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.4

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Argentina ......................3.4 Mexico ..........................3.4 Russian Federation .......3.4 Ukraine .........................3.4 Czech Republic .............3.4 Tanzania ........................3.4 Cambodia......................3.3 Georgia .........................3.3 Bulgaria .........................3.3 Croatia ..........................3.3 Slovak Republic ............3.3 Kenya ............................3.2 Romania........................3.1 Turkey ...........................3.1 Italy ...............................3.1 Algeria...........................3.1 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.1 Hungary ........................3.0 Zimbabwe .....................3.0 Colombia.......................2.9 Nigeria ..........................2.8 Ecuador.........................2.8 Venezuela .....................2.7 Botswana......................2.7 Philippines ....................2.7 Brazil .............................2.7 Vietnam.........................2.7 Kazakhstan....................2.6 Mozambique .................2.6 Guyana..........................2.5 Suriname ......................2.5 Paraguay .......................2.5 Benin ............................2.5 Angola...........................2.5 Indonesia ......................2.4 Bangladesh ...................2.4 Mauritania .....................2.4 Nicaragua ......................2.3 Madagascar ..................2.3 Costa Rica.....................2.3 Cameroon .....................2.2 Serbia and Montenegro..2.2 Peru ..............................2.2 Albania ..........................2.0 Burundi .........................1.9 Lesotho.........................1.9 Uganda .........................1.9 Zambia ..........................1.9 Burkina Faso .................1.8 Macedonia, FYR ...........1.8 Malawi ..........................1.7 Mongolia .......................1.6 Tajikistan .......................1.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.5 Kyrgyz Republic ............1.5 Moldova ........................1.5 Chad .............................1.4 Ethiopia .........................1.4 Mali ...............................1.4 Nepal ............................1.3 Bolivia ...........................1.3 Armenia ........................1.1

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

SD

1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5

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Domestic transport network

Does your country’s national transport network (domestic flights, buses, trains, taxis, etc.) offer efficient, accessible transportation to a wide range of travelers to key business centers and tourist attractions within your country? (1 = no, not at all, 7 = yes, it is equal to the best in the world) RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

Germany .......................6.8 Switzerland ...................6.7 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 France ...........................6.6 Singapore......................6.6 Japan ............................6.6 Denmark .......................6.4 Netherlands ..................6.3 Finland ..........................6.3 Austria ..........................6.2 United States................6.2 Sweden ........................6.2 Canada ..........................6.1 Iceland ..........................6.1 Belgium ........................6.1 United Kingdom............6.1 Spain .............................6.0 Taiwan, China................5.9 Israel .............................5.9 Norway .........................5.9 Australia ........................5.8 Czech Republic .............5.8 Malaysia........................5.8 New Zealand.................5.7 Portugal ........................5.6 Chile..............................5.6 Korea, Rep. ...................5.6 Turkey ...........................5.5 Greece ..........................5.4 United Arab Emirates ...5.4 Thailand ........................5.4 India ..............................5.3 Estonia ..........................5.3 Luxembourg .................5.2 Barbados.......................5.2 Latvia ............................5.2 Tunisia...........................5.1 Bahrain..........................5.0 Lithuania .......................5.0 Brazil .............................4.9 Kuwait...........................4.9 Jordan ...........................4.9 Croatia ..........................4.9 Egypt ............................4.8 Azerbaijan .....................4.8 Hungary ........................4.8 Slovenia ........................4.8 Mexico ..........................4.8 Qatar .............................4.7 Morocco .......................4.6 Malta.............................4.6 Italy ...............................4.6 Jamaica.........................4.6 Russian Federation .......4.6 Ireland ...........................4.6 South Africa ..................4.6 Slovak Republic ............4.6 Argentina ......................4.5 Kazakhstan....................4.5 Mauritius.......................4.5 Costa Rica.....................4.5 Colombia.......................4.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Macedonia, FYR ...........4.5 China.............................4.5 Pakistan ........................4.4 Bulgaria .........................4.4 Namibia.........................4.3 Tanzania ........................4.3 Uruguay ........................4.3 El Salvador ....................4.3 Botswana......................4.3 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.3 Kenya ............................4.2 Indonesia ......................4.2 Cyprus ..........................4.2 Ukraine .........................4.2 Vietnam.........................4.2 Nigeria ..........................4.2 Mali ...............................4.1 Dominican Republic......4.1 Algeria...........................4.1 Poland ...........................4.0 Romania........................4.0 Cambodia......................4.0 Guatemala ....................4.0 Armenia ........................3.9 Panama .........................3.9 Uganda .........................3.9 Honduras ......................3.9 Venezuela .....................3.8 Mauritania .....................3.8 Philippines ....................3.8 Peru ..............................3.8 Tajikistan .......................3.8 Serbia and Montenegro..3.8 Moldova ........................3.8 Burkina Faso .................3.8 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.7 Nepal ............................3.7 Ecuador.........................3.7 Benin ............................3.6 Gambia .........................3.6 Guyana..........................3.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.6 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 Mongolia .......................3.5 Bangladesh ...................3.5 Madagascar ..................3.4 Mozambique .................3.3 Suriname ......................3.3 Ethiopia .........................3.3 Georgia .........................3.2 Malawi ..........................3.2 Cameroon .....................3.1 Nicaragua ......................3.1 Burundi .........................3.1 Bolivia ...........................3.0 Zimbabwe .....................2.9 Lesotho.........................2.9 Paraguay .......................2.7 Albania ..........................2.6 Chad .............................2.3 Angola...........................2.3 Zambia ..........................2.0

1

MEAN: 4.6

7

SD

1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.6

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Hotel rooms

Number of hotel rooms per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Cyprus ...................................5.5 Malta .....................................5.0 Austria ...................................3.6 Greece...................................3.2 Iceland ...................................2.6 Barbados ...............................2.2 Switzerland............................1.9 Spain......................................1.8 Croatia ...................................1.8 Italy........................................1.8 Luxembourg ..........................1.6 Ireland....................................1.5 United States ........................1.5 Norway ..................................1.4 Japan .....................................1.2 Canada...................................1.2 Tunisia ...................................1.1 Bahrain ..................................1.1 Estonia...................................1.1 Bulgaria..................................1.1 Sweden .................................1.1 Germany................................1.1 Finland ...................................1.0 Australia.................................1.0 United Kingdom ....................1.0 France....................................1.0 Portugal .................................1.0 Czech Republic......................1.0 United Arab Emirates ............1.0 Singapore ..............................0.9 Mauritius ...............................0.9 Costa Rica .............................0.9 Jamaica .................................0.8 Denmark................................0.8 Slovenia .................................0.8 Israel......................................0.7 Dominican Republic ..............0.7 Slovak Republic .....................0.7 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.6 Hungary .................................0.6 Belgium .................................0.6 Malaysia ................................0.6 Netherlands ...........................0.6 Thailand .................................0.6 Uruguay .................................0.6 New Zealand .........................0.5 Mexico...................................0.5 Qatar......................................0.5 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.5 Panama..................................0.5 Romania ................................0.5 Peru .......................................0.5 Argentina ...............................0.5 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.5 Latvia .....................................0.4 Jordan....................................0.4 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.3 Chile ......................................0.3 Venezuela ..............................0.3 Ecuador .................................0.3 Turkey....................................0.3 Suriname ...............................0.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

SOURCE: United Nations World Tourism Organization; Economist Intelligence Unit

HARD DATA

Honduras ...............................0.3 Lithuania ................................0.3 Morocco ................................0.3 Armenia .................................0.2 Bolivia ....................................0.2 Poland....................................0.2 Georgia ..................................0.2 Egypt .....................................0.2 Botswana ..............................0.2 Kuwait ...................................0.2 Malawi...................................0.2 Guatemala .............................0.1 Namibia .................................0.1 Albania...................................0.1 Algeria ...................................0.1 Colombia ...............................0.1 Indonesia ...............................0.1 Korea, Rep.............................0.1 Russian Federation................0.1 Azerbaijan ..............................0.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.1 South Africa...........................0.1 Guyana ..................................0.1 Taiwan, China ........................0.1 China .....................................0.1 Vietnam .................................0.1 Sri Lanka................................0.1 Nicaragua...............................0.1 Cambodia ..............................0.1 Lesotho .................................0.1 Tanzania .................................0.1 Paraguay................................0.1 Kazakhstan ............................0.1 Nepal .....................................0.1 Uganda ..................................0.1 El Salvador.............................0.1 Ukraine ..................................0.1 Moldova.................................0.1 Angola ...................................0.1 Madagascar ...........................0.1 Zambia...................................0.0 Zimbabwe..............................0.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.0 Philippines .............................0.0 Mali........................................0.0 Mozambique..........................0.0 Benin .....................................0.0 Pakistan .................................0.0 Nigeria ...................................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 India.......................................0.0 Tajikistan ................................0.0 Ethiopia..................................0.0 Bangladesh............................0.0 Brazil ......................................n/a Burkina Faso..........................n/a Burundi ..................................n/a Cameroon ..............................n/a Gambia ..................................n/a Kenya.....................................n/a Mauritania..............................n/a Mongolia................................n/a

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Presence of major car rental companies

Index of presence of major car rental companies, 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55

HARD DATA

Australia.................................7.0 Austria ...................................7.0 Belgium .................................7.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........7.0 Brazil......................................7.0 Canada...................................7.0 Costa Rica .............................7.0 Croatia ...................................7.0 Cyprus ...................................7.0 Czech Republic......................7.0 Dominican Republic ..............7.0 France....................................7.0 Germany................................7.0 Greece...................................7.0 Hungary .................................7.0 Ireland....................................7.0 Italy........................................7.0 Jordan....................................7.0 Kuwait ...................................7.0 Latvia .....................................7.0 Lithuania ................................7.0 Malta .....................................7.0 Poland....................................7.0 Portugal .................................7.0 Qatar......................................7.0 Slovak Republic .....................7.0 Slovenia .................................7.0 South Africa...........................7.0 Spain......................................7.0 Switzerland............................7.0 Turkey....................................7.0 United Arab Emirates ............7.0 United Kingdom ....................7.0 United States ........................7.0 Argentina ...............................6.0 Bahrain ..................................6.0 Bulgaria..................................6.0 Denmark................................6.0 Estonia...................................6.0 Finland ...................................6.0 Iceland ...................................6.0 Israel......................................6.0 Luxembourg ..........................6.0 Macedonia, FYR ....................6.0 Mauritius ...............................6.0 Mexico...................................6.0 Morocco ................................6.0 Netherlands ...........................6.0 New Zealand .........................6.0 Norway ..................................6.0 Romania ................................6.0 Russian Federation................6.0 Serbia and Montenegro.........6.0 Sweden .................................6.0 Chile ......................................5.0 El Salvador.............................5.0 Guatemala .............................5.0 Guyana ..................................5.0 Madagascar ...........................5.0 Nicaragua...............................5.0 Panama..................................5.0 Peru .......................................5.0

SOURCE: Car Fleet, No 29, Jan-Mar 2005; World Economic Forum

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

55 55 55 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 121 121 121 121

HARD DATA

Thailand .................................5.0 Tunisia ...................................5.0 Venezuela ..............................5.0 Albania...................................4.0 Benin .....................................4.0 Botswana ..............................4.0 Colombia ...............................4.0 Egypt .....................................4.0 Honduras ...............................4.0 India.......................................4.0 Indonesia ...............................4.0 Jamaica .................................4.0 Japan .....................................4.0 Kenya.....................................4.0 Korea, Rep.............................4.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.0 Malaysia ................................4.0 Moldova.................................4.0 Mozambique..........................4.0 Namibia .................................4.0 Pakistan .................................4.0 Paraguay................................4.0 Philippines .............................4.0 Singapore ..............................4.0 Suriname ...............................4.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.0 Ukraine ..................................4.0 Uruguay .................................4.0 Zimbabwe..............................4.0 Azerbaijan ..............................3.0 Bolivia ....................................3.0 Cameroon..............................3.0 Ecuador .................................3.0 Kazakhstan ............................3.0 Mali........................................3.0 Nigeria ...................................3.0 Sri Lanka................................3.0 Tanzania .................................3.0 Zambia...................................3.0 Algeria ...................................2.0 Angola ...................................2.0 Armenia .................................2.0 Burkina Faso..........................2.0 China .....................................2.0 Gambia ..................................2.0 Georgia ..................................2.0 Hong Kong SAR ....................2.0 Lesotho .................................2.0 Malawi...................................2.0 Mauritania..............................2.0 Bangladesh............................1.0 Barbados ...............................1.0 Burundi ..................................1.0 Chad ......................................1.0 Ethiopia..................................1.0 Mongolia................................1.0 Taiwan, China ........................1.0 Uganda ..................................1.0 Cambodia ..............................0.0 Nepal .....................................0.0 Tajikistan ................................0.0 Vietnam .................................0.0

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ATMs accepting Visa cards

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) accepting Visa credit cards per million population, 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

United States .................1,322.9 Spain...............................1,318.9 Austria ............................1,054.6 Portugal ..........................1,034.1 Luxembourg ......................934.8 Switzerland........................862.7 Slovenia .............................787.5 Australia.............................778.1 France................................762.9 Taiwan, China ....................707.9 Italy....................................686.7 United Kingdom ................667.8 Germany............................661.0 Norway ..............................628.5 Canada...............................622.4 Iceland ...............................606.7 Denmark............................604.4 Cyprus ...............................603.9 Ireland................................573.4 Greece...............................562.1 Estonia...............................557.7 Croatia ...............................522.0 Qatar..................................505.0 New Zealand .....................495.8 Netherlands .......................481.3 Singapore ..........................398.4 Latvia .................................388.3 Slovak Republic .................347.8 Korea, Rep.........................337.3 Bulgaria..............................336.0 Malta .................................330.0 Finland ...............................324.2 Hong Kong SAR ................317.3 Sweden .............................316.6 Belgium .............................296.7 Lithuania ............................294.1 United Arab Emirates ........285.3 Czech Republic..................283.0 Hungary .............................282.6 Barbados ...........................270.4 South Africa.......................256.7 Thailand .............................253.9 Ukraine ..............................249.1 Mauritius ...........................229.2 Poland................................217.3 Japan .................................216.5 Israel..................................216.3 Malaysia ............................213.4 Mexico...............................204.0 Romania ............................203.5 Trinidad and Tobago...........200.8 Chile ..................................196.3 Bahrain ..............................191.8 Botswana ..........................185.6 Russian Federation............183.8 Argentina ...........................183.4 Kuwait ...............................175.2 Panama..............................158.4 Colombia ...........................148.2 Costa Rica .........................134.0 Brazil..................................133.3 Dominican Republic ..........126.2

SOURCE: Visa International

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 115 115 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Kazakhstan ........................115.7 Jordan................................109.6 Azerbaijan ............................94.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina......85.6 Venezuela ............................83.5 Serbia and Montenegro.......82.7 Namibia ...............................82.0 Morocco ..............................74.1 Tunisia .................................73.9 Moldova...............................65.2 Albania.................................60.6 Jamaica ...............................57.0 Uruguay ...............................55.7 Indonesia .............................52.1 Georgia ................................48.2 Bolivia ..................................47.0 Guatemala ...........................39.9 Peru .....................................38.1 Sri Lanka..............................37.1 Nicaragua.............................34.0 Paraguay..............................30.8 El Salvador...........................30.7 China ...................................28.8 Macedonia, FYR ..................27.0 Egypt ...................................25.8 Armenia ...............................24.7 Ecuador ...............................23.3 Honduras .............................17.9 India.....................................16.0 Zimbabwe............................13.4 Vietnam ...............................13.2 Mozambique........................12.8 Kenya...................................11.6 Turkey..................................10.2 Mongolia................................9.6 Philippines .............................8.8 Zambia...................................5.4 Tajikistan ................................5.1 Gambia ..................................3.3 Nepal .....................................3.3 Burkina Faso..........................3.2 Cambodia ..............................2.8 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.5 Malawi...................................2.2 Cameroon..............................1.5 Benin .....................................1.3 Uganda ..................................0.9 Pakistan .................................0.8 Bangladesh............................0.5 Madagascar ...........................0.4 Mali........................................0.1 Nigeria ...................................0.0 Algeria ...................................0.0 Angola ...................................0.0 Guyana ..................................0.0 Burundi ..................................n/a Chad ......................................n/a Ethiopia..................................n/a Lesotho..................................n/a Mauritania..............................n/a Suriname ...............................n/a Tanzania .................................n/a

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Data Tables

Pillar 9 ICT infrastructure 419

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Extent of business Internet use

In your country, companies use the Internet extensively for buying/selling goods and services and for interaction with customers (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

Korea, Rep. ...................6.1 United Kingdom............6.1 Estonia ..........................6.0 Sweden ........................5.7 Netherlands ..................5.7 Germany .......................5.6 Switzerland ...................5.6 Iceland ..........................5.6 Canada ..........................5.6 Denmark .......................5.6 Norway .........................5.5 United States................5.5 Japan ............................5.4 Israel .............................5.4 Finland ..........................5.4 Australia ........................5.2 Austria ..........................5.2 Taiwan, China................5.1 France ...........................5.1 Czech Republic .............5.0 Singapore......................5.0 New Zealand.................5.0 Brazil .............................5.0 Hong Kong SAR............4.9 Ireland ...........................4.9 Chile..............................4.8 Malaysia........................4.8 Thailand ........................4.7 Lithuania .......................4.6 Slovenia ........................4.6 India ..............................4.6 Belgium ........................4.6 Luxembourg .................4.5 Malta.............................4.4 Slovak Republic ............4.3 Latvia ............................4.3 Portugal ........................4.3 Panama .........................4.3 Guatemala ....................4.2 Italy ...............................4.2 Poland ...........................4.2 Russian Federation .......4.1 Hungary ........................4.1 Spain .............................4.1 United Arab Emirates ...4.1 Peru ..............................4.0 Cyprus ..........................4.0 Indonesia ......................4.0 South Africa ..................4.0 Pakistan ........................4.0 Philippines ....................3.9 Jamaica.........................3.9 El Salvador ....................3.9 Uruguay ........................3.9 Argentina ......................3.9 Mexico ..........................3.9 Azerbaijan .....................3.9 Croatia ..........................3.9 Tunisia...........................3.8 Barbados.......................3.8 Turkey ...........................3.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.8

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.8

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Costa Rica.....................3.8 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.7 Egypt ............................3.7 Qatar .............................3.7 Jordan ...........................3.7 Kuwait...........................3.6 Kenya ............................3.6 Kazakhstan....................3.6 Colombia.......................3.6 Mauritania .....................3.6 Namibia.........................3.6 Uganda .........................3.5 China.............................3.5 Dominican Republic......3.5 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 Honduras ......................3.4 Venezuela .....................3.4 Romania........................3.4 Nigeria ..........................3.4 Bahrain..........................3.3 Tajikistan .......................3.3 Mali ...............................3.3 Nepal ............................3.3 Bulgaria .........................3.3 Tanzania ........................3.2 Greece ..........................3.2 Ukraine .........................3.2 Ecuador.........................3.2 Armenia ........................3.2 Guyana..........................3.2 Burkina Faso .................3.1 Cambodia......................3.1 Serbia and Montenegro..3.1 Nicaragua ......................3.1 Bangladesh ...................3.1 Mongolia .......................3.1 Georgia .........................3.0 Gambia .........................3.0 Madagascar ..................3.0 Zimbabwe .....................3.0 Mauritius.......................3.0 Malawi ..........................2.9 Benin ............................2.9 Bolivia ...........................2.9 Zambia ..........................2.9 Suriname ......................2.9 Morocco .......................2.8 Botswana......................2.8 Vietnam.........................2.8 Ethiopia .........................2.8 Paraguay .......................2.7 Mozambique .................2.7 Lesotho.........................2.7 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.7 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.7 Angola...........................2.6 Albania ..........................2.6 Moldova ........................2.5 Cameroon .....................2.4 Burundi .........................2.3 Algeria...........................2.2 Chad .............................1.9

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

SD

1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4

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Internet users

Internet users per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Iceland .................................77.0 Sweden ...............................75.5 Malta ...................................75.3 Korea, Rep...........................65.7 Australia...............................65.3 United States ......................63.0 Finland .................................63.0 United Kingdom ..................62.9 Canada.................................62.4 Netherlands .........................61.6 Luxembourg ........................59.0 Singapore ............................56.1 Barbados .............................55.4 Taiwan, China ......................53.8 New Zealand .......................52.6 Estonia.................................51.2 Denmark..............................50.4 Hong Kong SAR ..................50.3 Japan ...................................50.2 Czech Republic....................50.0 Italy......................................49.8 Slovenia ...............................48.0 Austria .................................47.5 Switzerland..........................47.2 Israel....................................46.6 Germany..............................42.7 Slovak Republic ...................42.3 France..................................41.4 Belgium ...............................40.2 Jamaica ...............................39.9 Norway ................................39.4 Malaysia ..............................38.6 Cyprus .................................36.9 Latvia ...................................35.4 Spain....................................33.2 United Arab Emirates ..........31.9 Ireland..................................29.6 Croatia .................................29.5 Lithuania ..............................28.1 Portugal ...............................28.0 Chile ....................................27.9 Hungary ...............................26.7 Costa Rica ...........................23.5 Kuwait .................................23.5 Poland..................................23.3 Qatar....................................22.2 Bahrain ................................21.3 Uruguay ...............................21.0 Romania ..............................20.8 Guyana ................................18.9 Greece.................................17.8 Argentina .............................16.1 Bulgaria................................15.9 Mauritius .............................14.6 Turkey..................................14.1 Mexico.................................13.4 Trinidad and Tobago.............12.2 Brazil....................................12.2 Morocco ..............................11.7 Peru .....................................11.6 Thailand ...............................11.3 Russian Federation..............11.1

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 n/a

HARD DATA

Jordan..................................10.7 Moldova.................................9.5 Panama..................................9.5 Dominican Republic ..............9.1 Colombia ...............................8.9 El Salvador.............................8.9 Venezuela ..............................8.8 Tunisia ...................................8.4 South Africa...........................7.9 Ukraine ..................................7.8 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.7 Mongolia................................7.6 China .....................................7.2 Vietnam .................................7.1 Zimbabwe..............................6.9 Suriname ...............................6.8 Indonesia ...............................6.5 Guatemala .............................6.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........5.8 Egypt .....................................5.6 Philippines .............................5.3 Kyrgyz Republic.....................5.2 Azerbaijan ..............................4.9 Ecuador .................................4.7 Kenya.....................................4.6 Armenia .................................3.9 Bolivia ....................................3.9 Namibia .................................3.7 Botswana ..............................3.5 Georgia ..................................3.5 Gambia ..................................3.4 India.......................................3.2 Honduras ...............................3.2 Algeria ...................................2.6 Kazakhstan ............................2.6 Paraguay................................2.5 Lesotho .................................2.4 Albania...................................2.3 Nicaragua...............................2.2 Zambia...................................2.1 Sri Lanka................................1.4 Nigeria ...................................1.4 Benin .....................................1.4 Pakistan .................................1.3 Angola ...................................1.2 Cameroon..............................1.0 Tanzania .................................0.9 Uganda ..................................0.7 Mozambique..........................0.7 Madagascar ...........................0.5 Nepal .....................................0.5 Mauritania..............................0.5 Mali........................................0.5 Burkina Faso..........................0.4 Chad ......................................0.4 Malawi...................................0.4 Burundi ..................................0.4 Cambodia ..............................0.3 Bangladesh............................0.2 Ethiopia..................................0.2 Tajikistan ................................0.1 Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a

SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

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Telephone lines

Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 59 61 62

HARD DATA

Luxembourg ........................79.8 Sweden ...............................71.5 Switzerland..........................71.0 Germany..............................66.2 Iceland .................................65.0 Denmark..............................64.5 Canada.................................64.3 United States ......................60.6 Taiwan, China ......................59.6 Australia...............................58.6 Greece.................................57.8 United Kingdom ..................56.4 France..................................56.0 Korea, Rep...........................55.3 Hong Kong SAR ..................54.4 Cyprus .................................51.8 Malta ...................................51.6 Barbados .............................50.1 Ireland..................................49.8 Netherlands .........................48.4 Norway ................................47.2 Japan ...................................46.6 Austria .................................46.2 New Zealand .......................46.1 Belgium ...............................46.0 Finland .................................45.4 Italy......................................44.8 Israel....................................43.7 Singapore ............................43.2 Croatia .................................42.7 Spain....................................41.5 Slovenia ...............................40.7 Portugal ...............................40.3 Hungary ...............................35.4 Bulgaria................................35.1 Estonia.................................34.0 Czech Republic....................33.6 Serbia and Montenegro.......32.9 Poland..................................31.9 Costa Rica ...........................31.6 Uruguay ...............................30.9 Mauritius .............................28.7 Latvia ...................................28.5 Russian Federation..............27.5 United Arab Emirates ..........27.3 Bahrain ................................26.7 Turkey..................................26.5 Qatar....................................25.7 Ukraine ................................25.2 Macedonia, FYR ..................25.2 Trinidad and Tobago.............24.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina......24.0 China ...................................24.0 Lithuania ..............................23.8 Brazil....................................23.5 Slovak Republic ...................23.2 Argentina .............................22.8 Chile ....................................21.5 Moldova...............................20.3 Romania ..............................20.3 Kuwait .................................19.5 Suriname .............................18.6

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 115 117 118 119 120 120 122 123 124

HARD DATA

Malaysia ..............................17.4 Mexico.................................17.2 Colombia .............................17.1 Kazakhstan ..........................16.2 Armenia ...............................15.3 Jamaica ...............................14.6 Egypt ...................................13.5 Georgia ................................13.5 El Salvador...........................13.4 Guyana ................................13.4 Venezuela ............................12.8 Azerbaijan ............................12.3 Vietnam ...............................12.3 Ecuador ...............................12.2 Tunisia .................................12.1 Panama................................11.9 Jordan..................................11.0 Thailand ...............................11.0 Dominican Republic ............10.7 South Africa.........................10.4 Guatemala .............................8.9 Albania...................................8.3 Kyrgyz Republic.....................8.2 Botswana ..............................8.0 Peru .......................................7.4 Algeria ...................................7.1 Bolivia ....................................7.0 Namibia .................................6.4 Mongolia................................5.6 Honduras ...............................5.6 Sri Lanka................................5.1 Paraguay................................4.7 Indonesia ...............................4.5 Morocco ................................4.4 Philippines .............................4.2 India.......................................4.1 Nicaragua...............................3.8 Tajikistan ................................3.8 Pakistan .................................3.0 Gambia ..................................2.9 Zimbabwe..............................2.7 Lesotho .................................2.1 Nepal .....................................1.7 Mauritania..............................1.3 Benin .....................................1.0 Kenya.....................................0.9 Zambia...................................0.8 Nigeria ...................................0.8 Malawi...................................0.8 Mali........................................0.7 Angola ...................................0.7 Ethiopia..................................0.6 Bangladesh............................0.6 Burkina Faso..........................0.6 Cameroon..............................0.6 Tanzania .................................0.4 Mozambique..........................0.4 Burundi ..................................0.3 Madagascar ...........................0.3 Uganda ..................................0.3 Cambodia ..............................0.3 Chad ......................................0.2

SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

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10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges Index of relative cost of access (ticket taxes and airport charges) to international air transport services, 2006 (0=highest cost, 100=lowest cost)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Kuwait ...............................100.0 Luxembourg ........................99.9 United Arab Emirates ..........98.5 Qatar....................................98.4 Bahrain ................................98.3 Lesotho ...............................98.3 India.....................................97.7 Malaysia ..............................97.1 Greece.................................96.1 Indonesia .............................95.6 Thailand ...............................95.6 Barbados .............................94.8 Taiwan, China ......................94.2 Philippines ...........................93.6 Ireland..................................93.3 Botswana ............................92.4 Bulgaria................................91.2 Panama................................90.8 Spain....................................90.7 Turkey..................................89.6 China ...................................89.4 Cyprus .................................89.3 Hong Kong SAR ..................89.2 Jordan..................................89.1 Mozambique........................88.4 Zambia.................................88.4 Italy......................................88.3 Korea, Rep...........................88.1 Ethiopia................................87.6 Egypt ...................................87.4 Tajikistan ..............................87.4 Estonia.................................87.3 Sweden ...............................87.2 Singapore ............................87.0 Armenia ...............................86.7 Latvia ...................................86.3 Vietnam ...............................86.0 Mongolia..............................85.9 Hungary ...............................85.4 Croatia .................................85.4 Algeria .................................85.3 Belgium ...............................85.1 Nepal ...................................84.9 Germany..............................84.7 Madagascar .........................84.6 Norway ................................83.7 Finland .................................83.4 Serbia and Montenegro.......83.1 Poland..................................82.7 Macedonia, FYR ..................82.2 Russian Federation..............82.1 Malawi.................................82.0 Albania.................................81.8 Portugal ...............................81.6 Slovenia ...............................81.2 Burundi ................................81.2 Zimbabwe............................81.0 Lithuania ..............................80.2 Switzerland..........................80.1 Israel....................................78.8 Japan ...................................78.4 Morocco ..............................78.1

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 n/a

HARD DATA

New Zealand .......................77.9 Cambodia ............................76.9 Angola .................................76.8 Uruguay ...............................76.6 Czech Republic....................76.5 Denmark..............................76.1 Tanzania...............................76.0 Paraguay..............................75.9 Mauritius .............................75.8 Moldova...............................75.3 Romania ..............................74.9 Benin ...................................74.4 Uganda ................................74.4 France..................................74.4 Slovak Republic ...................73.8 Kyrgyz Republic...................73.6 United Kingdom ..................73.4 Burkina Faso........................72.8 Argentina .............................71.8 Ukraine ................................71.6 Pakistan ...............................71.4 Costa Rica ...........................71.0 Brazil....................................70.4 Azerbaijan ............................70.0 Bangladesh..........................69.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina......69.8 South Africa.........................69.7 Namibia ...............................68.1 Ecuador ...............................67.6 Austria .................................65.6 Netherlands .........................65.4 Georgia ................................65.3 Jamaica ...............................64.8 Nigeria .................................64.3 Suriname .............................63.3 Mauritania............................63.3 Honduras .............................60.9 Kenya...................................60.8 Australia...............................60.0 Chile ....................................60.0 Tunisia .................................59.6 Trinidad and Tobago.............59.3 Iceland .................................57.7 Venezuela ............................54.4 Bolivia ..................................54.3 Cameroon............................53.4 United States ......................52.2 Nicaragua.............................51.2 Peru .....................................51.2 Guatemala ...........................51.1 Colombia .............................50.9 Mexico.................................50.8 Sri Lanka..............................50.4 Mali......................................48.0 Canada.................................46.9 Malta ...................................43.4 El Salvador...........................42.4 Gambia ................................39.5 Guyana ................................33.7 Dominican Republic ............28.6 Chad ......................................0.0 Kazakhstan.............................n/a

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10.02 Purchasing power parity Ratio of purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor to official exchange rate, 2005

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

El Salvador.............................0.1 Zimbabwe..............................0.1 Burundi ..................................0.1 Gambia ..................................0.2 Cambodia ..............................0.2 Ethiopia..................................0.2 Nepal .....................................0.2 Uganda ..................................0.2 Bangladesh............................0.2 Vietnam .................................0.2 India.......................................0.2 Guyana ..................................0.2 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.2 Philippines .............................0.2 China .....................................0.2 Nicaragua...............................0.2 Ukraine ..................................0.2 Mozambique..........................0.2 Paraguay................................0.3 Tajikistan ................................0.3 Malawi...................................0.3 Lesotho .................................0.3 Sri Lanka................................0.3 Indonesia ...............................0.3 Pakistan .................................0.3 Madagascar ...........................0.3 Thailand .................................0.3 Egypt .....................................0.3 Azerbaijan ..............................0.3 Mongolia................................0.3 Burkina Faso..........................0.3 Tunisia ...................................0.3 Armenia .................................0.3 Argentina ...............................0.3 Moldova.................................0.3 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.3 Colombia ...............................0.4 Mali........................................0.4 Bulgaria..................................0.4 Bolivia ....................................0.4 Morocco ................................0.4 Mauritius ...............................0.4 Honduras ...............................0.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.4 Cameroon..............................0.4 Chad ......................................0.4 Kenya.....................................0.4 Namibia .................................0.4 Georgia ..................................0.4 South Africa...........................0.4 Algeria ...................................0.4 Costa Rica .............................0.4 Kazakhstan ............................0.4 Tanzania .................................0.4 Dominican Republic ..............0.4 Malaysia ................................0.4 Jordan....................................0.5 Peru .......................................0.5 Uruguay .................................0.5 Russian Federation................0.5 Albania...................................0.5 Brazil......................................0.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Benin .....................................0.5 Romania ................................0.5 Botswana ..............................0.5 Lithuania ................................0.5 Slovak Republic .....................0.5 Guatemala .............................0.5 Latvia .....................................0.5 Taiwan, China ........................0.5 Nigeria ...................................0.6 Ecuador .................................0.6 Chile ......................................0.6 Estonia...................................0.6 Poland....................................0.6 Turkey....................................0.6 Hungary .................................0.6 Panama..................................0.6 Barbados ...............................0.6 Czech Republic......................0.6 Angola ...................................0.7 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.7 Zambia...................................0.7 Croatia ...................................0.7 Malta .....................................0.7 Mexico...................................0.7 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.7 Slovenia .................................0.8 Israel......................................0.8 Korea, Rep.............................0.8 Bahrain ..................................0.8 Venezuela ..............................0.8 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.9 Greece...................................0.9 Jamaica .................................0.9 Portugal .................................0.9 Singapore ..............................0.9 Cyprus ...................................0.9 United States ........................1.0 Canada...................................1.0 United Arab Emirates ............1.0 Spain......................................1.0 Italy........................................1.0 New Zealand .........................1.0 Luxembourg ..........................1.1 Germany................................1.1 Austria ...................................1.1 Australia.................................1.1 Belgium .................................1.1 France....................................1.1 Japan .....................................1.1 Finland ...................................1.2 Ireland....................................1.2 United Kingdom ....................1.2 Netherlands ...........................1.2 Sweden .................................1.3 Denmark................................1.4 Iceland ...................................1.5 Qatar......................................1.5 Norway ..................................1.5 Switzerland............................1.5 Kuwait ...................................1.6 Mauritania..............................n/a Suriname ...............................n/a

SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2006), International Financial Statistics Online; World Bank, World Development

Indicators 2006

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10.03 Extent and effect of taxation The level of taxes in your country (1 = significantly limits the incentives to work or invest, 7 = has little impact on the incentives to work or invest)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.5

7

Bahrain..........................6.1 Hong Kong SAR............6.0 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 Kuwait...........................5.9 Qatar .............................5.8 Iceland ..........................5.7 Singapore......................5.6 Slovak Republic ............5.5 Luxembourg .................5.3 Ireland ...........................5.2 Indonesia ......................5.1 Malaysia........................5.0 Estonia ..........................5.0 Mauritania .....................5.0 Switzerland ...................5.0 Botswana......................4.7 Mauritius.......................4.7 Tunisia...........................4.6 Cyprus ..........................4.6 Taiwan, China................4.6 India ..............................4.4 Thailand ........................4.4 Nigeria ..........................4.4 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.3 United Kingdom............4.2 El Salvador ....................4.2 South Africa ..................4.2 Cambodia......................4.1 Paraguay .......................3.9 Chile..............................3.9 United States................3.9 Algeria...........................3.9 Pakistan ........................3.9 Austria ..........................3.8 Angola...........................3.8 Egypt ............................3.8 Guatemala ....................3.8 Latvia ............................3.7 Netherlands ..................3.7 Philippines ....................3.6 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 Namibia.........................3.6 Barbados.......................3.6 Gambia .........................3.6 Nepal ............................3.6 China.............................3.6 Costa Rica.....................3.6 Bangladesh ...................3.6 Japan ............................3.5 Jordan ...........................3.5 Georgia .........................3.5 Norway .........................3.5 Tanzania ........................3.4 Vietnam.........................3.4 Bolivia ...........................3.4 Portugal ........................3.4 Burkina Faso .................3.4 Israel .............................3.3 Ethiopia .........................3.3 Malta.............................3.3 New Zealand.................3.2 Lithuania .......................3.2

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.4 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Morocco .......................3.2 Poland ...........................3.2 Spain .............................3.2 Canada ..........................3.2 Armenia ........................3.2 Honduras ......................3.1 Madagascar ..................3.1 Lesotho.........................3.1 Venezuela .....................3.1 Korea, Rep. ...................3.1 Sri Lanka .......................3.1 Mexico ..........................3.1 Germany .......................3.1 Greece ..........................3.0 Kazakhstan....................3.0 Tajikistan .......................3.0 Hungary ........................3.0 Australia ........................3.0 Ecuador.........................3.0 Peru ..............................2.9 Turkey ...........................2.9 Mali ...............................2.9 Croatia ..........................2.9 Malawi ..........................2.9 France ...........................2.9 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 Czech Republic .............2.8 Albania ..........................2.8 Jamaica.........................2.8 Dominican Republic......2.8 Panama .........................2.8 Russian Federation .......2.7 Uruguay ........................2.7 Mozambique .................2.7 Burundi .........................2.6 Bulgaria .........................2.6 Serbia and Montenegro..2.6 Finland ..........................2.5 Ukraine .........................2.5 Slovenia ........................2.5 Zimbabwe .....................2.5 Uganda .........................2.5 Moldova ........................2.5 Kenya ............................2.5 Guyana..........................2.5 Romania........................2.4 Colombia.......................2.4 Nicaragua ......................2.4 Chad .............................2.4 Suriname ......................2.4 Cameroon .....................2.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.3 Mongolia .......................2.3 Denmark .......................2.2 Sweden ........................2.2 Argentina ......................2.2 Benin ............................2.2 Italy ...............................2.2 Zambia ..........................2.1 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.1 Belgium ........................2.1 Brazil .............................1.5

1

MEAN: 3.5

7

SD

1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9

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10.04 Fuel price levels Retail diesel fuel prices (US cents per liter), 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 5 7 7 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 23 26 27 27 29 30 30 30 33 34 34 36 37 38 38 40 40 40 43 43 45 46 46 46 49 49 49 49 53 53 55 56 56 58 58 60 61 61

HARD DATA

Venezuela ..............................2.0 Egypt ...................................10.0 Algeria .................................15.0 Qatar....................................16.0 Azerbaijan ............................18.0 Indonesia .............................18.0 Bahrain ................................19.0 Jordan..................................19.0 Malaysia ..............................22.0 Kuwait .................................24.0 Trinidad and Tobago.............24.0 Ecuador ...............................27.0 United Arab Emirates ..........28.0 Angola .................................29.0 Vietnam ...............................32.0 Bangladesh..........................34.0 Philippines ...........................34.0 Colombia .............................36.0 Thailand ...............................37.0 Kazakhstan ..........................38.0 Tunisia .................................39.0 Bolivia ..................................40.0 New Zealand .......................41.0 Pakistan ...............................41.0 Sri Lanka..............................41.0 Ethiopia................................42.0 China ...................................43.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................43.0 Ukraine ................................44.0 Mexico.................................45.0 Nigeria .................................45.0 Russian Federation..............45.0 Panama................................48.0 Brazil....................................49.0 Nepal ...................................49.0 Suriname .............................50.0 Paraguay..............................51.0 Singapore ............................55.0 Taiwan, China ......................55.0 Armenia ...............................56.0 Costa Rica ...........................56.0 Mauritius .............................56.0 Jamaica ...............................57.0 United States ......................57.0 El Salvador...........................58.0 Argentina .............................59.0 Mauritania............................59.0 Tajikistan ..............................59.0 Botswana ............................61.0 Cambodia ............................61.0 Dominican Republic ............61.0 Guyana ................................61.0 Barbados .............................62.0 India.....................................62.0 Guatemala ...........................63.0 Chile ....................................64.0 Nicaragua.............................64.0 Namibia ...............................65.0 Zimbabwe............................65.0 Honduras .............................66.0 Georgia ................................67.0 Mongolia..............................67.0

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 63 65 66 67 68 69 69 71 71 73 73 75 75 77 78 78 78 81 82 82 84 85 86 86 88 88 88 91 92 92 94 94 96 97 98 98 100 100 102 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 109 111 112 113 113 115 116 116 118 119 120 120 122 123 n/a

HARD DATA

Canada.................................68.0 Lesotho ...............................68.0 Morocco ..............................70.0 Uruguay ...............................71.0 Benin ...................................72.0 Gambia ................................73.0 Kenya...................................76.0 Peru .....................................76.0 Madagascar .........................79.0 Mozambique........................79.0 Israel....................................80.0 South Africa.........................80.0 Australia...............................83.0 Cameroon............................83.0 Tanzania...............................87.0 Iceland .................................88.0 Malawi.................................88.0 Uganda ................................88.0 Bulgaria................................89.0 Latvia ...................................90.0 Mali......................................90.0 Romania ..............................91.0 Macedonia, FYR ..................92.0 Burkina Faso........................94.0 Estonia.................................94.0 Cyprus .................................95.0 Japan ...................................95.0 Korea, Rep...........................95.0 Serbia and Montenegro.......95.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina......97.0 Malta ...................................97.0 Luxembourg ........................98.0 Zambia.................................98.0 Hong Kong SAR ................100.0 Chad ..................................101.0 Albania...............................102.0 Lithuania ............................102.0 Belgium .............................107.0 Czech Republic..................107.0 Burundi ..............................108.0 Portugal .............................108.0 Poland................................109.0 Spain..................................110.0 Slovenia .............................111.0 Turkey................................112.0 Croatia ...............................113.0 Austria ...............................119.0 Slovak Republic .................119.0 Finland ...............................121.0 Hungary .............................122.0 Greece...............................123.0 Netherlands .......................123.0 France................................125.0 Germany............................129.0 Ireland................................129.0 Italy....................................131.0 Denmark............................135.0 Sweden .............................137.0 Switzerland........................137.0 Norway ..............................144.0 United Kingdom ................160.0 Moldova.................................n/a

SOURCE: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, International Fuel Prices 2005

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Data Tables

Pillar 11 Human resources 429

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11.01 Primary education enrollment Gross primary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Cambodia ..........................136.6 Madagascar .......................133.5 Lesotho .............................131.1 Guyana ..............................129.5 Uganda ..............................125.4 Malawi...............................124.9 Russian Federation............122.9 Slovenia .............................122.8 Suriname ...........................120.0 Argentina ...........................118.0 China .................................117.6 Indonesia ...........................117.0 Ecuador .............................116.9 Cameroon..........................116.8 Portugal .............................116.2 India...................................116.2 El Salvador.........................114.4 Nepal .................................113.9 Peru ...................................113.9 Bolivia ................................113.5 Guatemala .........................113.2 Honduras ...........................113.0 Philippines .........................112.4 Panama..............................112.2 Nicaragua...........................112.2 Dominican Republic ..........112.0 Costa Rica .........................111.8 Algeria ...............................111.7 Kenya.................................111.3 Colombia ...........................111.3 Israel..................................110.2 Paraguay............................110.0 Tunisia ...............................109.9 Mexico...............................109.2 Kazakhstan ........................109.2 Uruguay .............................109.0 Bangladesh........................108.9 Hong Kong SAR ................108.1 Spain..................................107.7 Netherlands .......................107.4 Barbados ...........................107.0 United Kingdom ................106.5 Romania ............................106.5 Ireland................................106.5 Morocco ............................105.9 Austria ...............................105.9 Korea, Rep.........................105.1 Venezuela ..........................105.1 South Africa.......................105.0 France................................104.8 Bulgaria..............................104.8 Botswana ..........................104.5 Mongolia............................104.4 Albania...............................104.0 Bahrain ..............................104.0 Belgium .............................103.9 Chile ..................................103.7 Mauritius ...........................102.8 Australia.............................102.8 Malta .................................102.4 Switzerland........................102.3 Trinidad and Tobago...........102.3

SOURCE: UNESCO, Institute for Statistics

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 109 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Czech Republic..................101.9 New Zealand .....................101.7 Qatar..................................101.7 Greece...............................101.6 Italy....................................101.4 Canada...............................101.0 Namibia .............................101.0 Denmark............................101.0 Taiwan, China ....................101.0 Armenia .............................100.9 Iceland ...............................100.9 Tanzania.............................100.9 Egypt .................................100.7 Finland ...............................100.5 Japan .................................100.4 Germany............................100.2 Estonia.................................99.9 Tajikistan ..............................99.9 Serbia and Montenegro.......99.8 Luxembourg ........................99.4 Nigeria .................................99.2 Sweden ...............................99.1 Slovak Republic ...................99.1 United States ......................99.0 Norway ................................98.9 Poland..................................98.9 Benin ...................................98.9 Zambia.................................98.8 Thailand ...............................98.5 Jordan..................................98.2 Kyrgyz Republic...................98.0 Vietnam ...............................98.0 Hungary ...............................97.9 Cyprus .................................97.7 Sri Lanka..............................97.7 Macedonia, FYR ..................97.7 Lithuania ..............................97.2 Azerbaijan ............................96.8 Kuwait .................................96.5 Zimbabwe............................96.0 Jamaica ...............................95.3 Georgia ................................95.1 Mozambique........................94.9 Ukraine ................................94.8 Moldova...............................94.4 Mauritania............................94.1 Croatia .................................94.0 Singapore ............................94.0 Turkey..................................93.3 Malaysia ..............................93.0 Latvia ...................................92.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina......92.0 United Arab Emirates ..........83.8 Pakistan ...............................82.1 Gambia ................................81.4 Burundi ................................79.9 Ethiopia................................77.0 Chad ....................................71.0 Mali......................................63.8 Burkina Faso........................53.0 Angola....................................n/a Brazil ......................................n/a

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11.02 Secondary education enrollment Gross secondary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Australia.............................148.6 Denmark............................124.2 Spain..................................119.1 Netherlands .......................118.8 Norway ..............................115.6 Iceland ...............................114.6 New Zealand .....................114.4 Ireland................................111.6 France................................110.6 Barbados ...........................110.1 Finland ...............................109.4 Belgium .............................108.9 Uruguay .............................106.0 Malta .................................105.3 Canada...............................105.0 United Kingdom ................104.5 Sweden .............................102.6 Bulgaria..............................102.1 Brazil..................................102.0 Japan .................................101.6 Austria ...............................100.9 Germany............................100.0 Slovenia ...............................99.8 Italy......................................99.1 Argentina .............................99.0 Bahrain ................................98.8 Taiwan, China ......................98.2 Lithuania ..............................98.1 Estonia.................................98.1 Kazakhstan ..........................98.1 Singapore ............................98.0 Cyprus .................................97.7 Qatar....................................96.8 Poland..................................96.7 Portugal ...............................96.7 Latvia ...................................96.6 Hungary ...............................96.5 Greece.................................96.3 Czech Republic....................95.7 Luxembourg ........................94.9 United States ......................94.8 Slovak Republic ...................94.2 Switzerland..........................93.4 Russian Federation..............92.9 Ukraine ................................92.9 Israel....................................92.7 Peru .....................................91.6 Armenia ...............................91.4 Korea, Rep...........................90.9 South Africa.........................90.0 Kuwait .................................89.9 Mongolia..............................89.5 Chile ....................................89.1 Bolivia ..................................88.5 Serbia and Montenegro.......88.5 Jamaica ...............................88.1 Croatia .................................88.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................88.0 Jordan..................................87.4 Egypt ...................................87.1 Philippines ...........................85.9 Mauritius .............................85.4

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Romania ..............................85.1 Hong Kong SAR ..................84.9 Macedonia, FYR ..................84.1 Trinidad and Tobago.............83.8 Azerbaijan ............................83.1 Moldova...............................82.8 Sri Lanka..............................82.5 Georgia ................................82.3 Tajikistan ..............................81.8 Tunisia .................................81.3 Algeria .................................80.7 Mexico.................................79.7 Turkey..................................79.2 Albania.................................78.0 Thailand ...............................77.3 Botswana ............................75.1 Colombia .............................74.5 Costa Rica ...........................73.5 Vietnam ...............................73.5 Suriname .............................73.0 China ...................................72.5 Venezuela ............................72.0 Panama................................70.2 Malaysia ..............................70.0 Dominican Republic ............68.4 United Arab Emirates ..........66.4 Honduras .............................65.5 Paraguay..............................65.0 Indonesia .............................64.1 Nicaragua.............................63.7 Ecuador ...............................61.1 El Salvador...........................60.4 Namibia ...............................58.0 India.....................................53.5 Bangladesh..........................51.0 Guatemala ...........................48.6 Kenya...................................48.0 Morocco ..............................47.6 Gambia ................................46.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina......45.0 Cameroon............................43.8 Nepal ...................................43.0 Lesotho ...............................36.4 Zimbabwe............................36.0 Nigeria .................................34.6 Cambodia ............................29.4 Malawi.................................28.9 Ethiopia................................27.8 Pakistan ...............................27.2 Benin ...................................25.9 Zambia.................................25.8 Mali......................................22.3 Mauritania............................20.2 Uganda ................................18.6 Chad ....................................15.1 Burundi ................................12.1 Burkina Faso........................12.1 Mozambique........................10.8 Tanzania .................................7.5 Angola....................................n/a Guyana...................................n/a Madagascar ...........................n/a

SOURCE: UNESCO, Institute for Statics; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

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11.03 Quality of the educational system The educational system in your country (1 = does not meet the needs of a competitive economy, 7 = meets the needs of a competitive economy)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

Finland ..........................6.0 Singapore......................6.0 Iceland ..........................5.9 Switzerland ...................5.8 Denmark .......................5.6 Ireland ...........................5.5 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 Belgium ........................5.4 Taiwan, China................5.4 Malaysia........................5.2 Tunisia...........................5.1 Australia ........................5.1 Austria ..........................5.1 Canada ..........................5.0 United States................5.0 Barbados.......................5.0 Norway .........................5.0 Netherlands ..................4.9 Japan ............................4.9 Qatar .............................4.9 New Zealand.................4.8 Israel .............................4.8 Indonesia ......................4.7 Sweden ........................4.7 India ..............................4.7 Cyprus ..........................4.7 France ...........................4.6 Malta.............................4.6 United Kingdom............4.5 Czech Republic .............4.5 Estonia ..........................4.4 United Arab Emirates ...4.4 Germany .......................4.4 Poland ...........................4.4 Latvia ............................4.4 Luxembourg .................4.3 Kenya ............................4.2 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 Zimbabwe .....................4.1 Costa Rica.....................4.1 Thailand ........................4.1 Hungary ........................4.0 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.0 Jordan ...........................4.0 Lithuania .......................3.9 Serbia and Montenegro..3.9 Ukraine .........................3.9 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.9 Slovak Republic ............3.9 Kazakhstan....................3.8 Romania........................3.8 Slovenia ........................3.8 Croatia ..........................3.8 Russian Federation .......3.7 Gambia .........................3.7 Colombia.......................3.7 Botswana......................3.7 Portugal ........................3.7 Zambia ..........................3.6 Greece ..........................3.6 Philippines ....................3.6 Kuwait...........................3.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 105 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.5 Uganda .........................3.4 Mauritius.......................3.4 El Salvador ....................3.4 Spain .............................3.4 Jamaica.........................3.4 Moldova ........................3.4 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 Nigeria ..........................3.3 Italy ...............................3.3 Turkey ...........................3.2 Pakistan ........................3.2 Uruguay ........................3.2 Chile..............................3.2 Guyana..........................3.2 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.2 Bahrain..........................3.2 Albania ..........................3.1 Cambodia......................3.1 Mexico ..........................3.1 Bulgaria .........................3.1 Tanzania ........................3.1 Lesotho.........................3.1 Azerbaijan .....................3.1 China.............................3.0 Armenia ........................3.0 Cameroon .....................3.0 Madagascar ..................3.0 Morocco .......................2.9 Algeria...........................2.9 Benin ............................2.9 Georgia .........................2.9 Ethiopia .........................2.9 Mongolia .......................2.9 Malawi ..........................2.9 South Africa ..................2.8 Argentina ......................2.8 Vietnam.........................2.7 Nepal ............................2.7 Bangladesh ...................2.7 Nicaragua ......................2.7 Egypt ............................2.7 Burundi .........................2.7 Panama .........................2.7 Tajikistan .......................2.7 Namibia.........................2.6 Mali ...............................2.6 Mauritania .....................2.6 Guatemala ....................2.6 Venezuela .....................2.6 Mozambique .................2.6 Brazil .............................2.5 Burkina Faso .................2.5 Suriname ......................2.5 Dominican Republic......2.3 Honduras ......................2.3 Ecuador.........................2.3 Angola...........................2.2 Chad .............................2.1 Bolivia ...........................2.1 Peru ..............................2.0 Paraguay .......................1.9

1

MEAN: 3.7

7

SD

1.7 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.0

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11.04 Local availability of specialized research and training services In your country, specialized research and training services are (1 = not available, 7 = available from world-class local institutions)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

Germany .......................6.1 Japan ............................6.1 United Kingdom............6.0 Switzerland ...................6.0 United States................6.0 Finland ..........................5.9 Netherlands ..................5.8 Sweden ........................5.8 Belgium ........................5.8 Israel .............................5.6 Denmark .......................5.6 France ...........................5.6 Canada ..........................5.6 Austria ..........................5.3 Norway .........................5.2 Australia ........................5.2 Singapore......................5.1 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 Iceland ..........................5.1 Czech Republic .............5.0 Taiwan, China................5.0 Malaysia........................4.9 Ireland ...........................4.9 Indonesia ......................4.8 New Zealand.................4.8 Estonia ..........................4.8 Italy ...............................4.8 India ..............................4.7 Korea, Rep. ...................4.7 South Africa ..................4.7 Chile..............................4.6 Brazil .............................4.6 Tunisia...........................4.6 Croatia ..........................4.5 Spain .............................4.4 Hungary ........................4.4 Slovenia ........................4.4 Portugal ........................4.4 Poland ...........................4.4 Costa Rica.....................4.3 Turkey ...........................4.3 United Arab Emirates ...4.3 Argentina ......................4.3 Romania........................4.3 Slovak Republic ............4.2 China.............................4.2 Mexico ..........................4.2 Lithuania .......................4.2 Kenya ............................4.2 Latvia ............................4.1 Luxembourg .................4.1 Serbia and Montenegro..4.0 Kuwait...........................4.0 Tanzania ........................4.0 Guatemala ....................3.9 Jamaica.........................3.9 Qatar .............................3.9 Morocco .......................3.9 Greece ..........................3.9 Nigeria ..........................3.9 Uganda .........................3.9 Jordan ...........................3.9

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Peru ..............................3.9 Uruguay ........................3.8 Cyprus ..........................3.8 Thailand ........................3.8 Kazakhstan....................3.7 Azerbaijan .....................3.7 Russian Federation .......3.7 Colombia.......................3.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.6 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 Panama .........................3.6 El Salvador ....................3.5 Philippines ....................3.5 Vietnam.........................3.5 Barbados.......................3.5 Mongolia .......................3.5 Egypt ............................3.5 Bulgaria .........................3.5 Nicaragua ......................3.4 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 Pakistan ........................3.4 Honduras ......................3.4 Mauritius.......................3.4 Ukraine .........................3.4 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.3 Malta.............................3.3 Dominican Republic......3.3 Ecuador.........................3.3 Burkina Faso .................3.3 Venezuela .....................3.3 Mali ...............................3.2 Moldova ........................3.2 Cambodia......................3.1 Bahrain..........................3.1 Cameroon .....................3.1 Benin ............................3.1 Madagascar ..................3.1 Algeria...........................3.0 Botswana......................3.0 Bolivia ...........................2.9 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.9 Armenia ........................2.9 Malawi ..........................2.9 Tajikistan .......................2.9 Georgia .........................2.8 Paraguay .......................2.8 Zimbabwe .....................2.8 Ethiopia .........................2.6 Mozambique .................2.6 Gambia .........................2.6 Guyana..........................2.5 Nepal ............................2.5 Suriname ......................2.5 Chad .............................2.5 Lesotho.........................2.5 Albania ..........................2.5 Namibia.........................2.4 Bangladesh ...................2.4 Mauritania .....................2.2 Angola...........................2.2 Burundi .........................2.2 Zambia ..........................2.2

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

SD

1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.2

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11.05 Extent of staff training The general approach of companies in your country to human resources is (1 = to invest little in training and employee development, 7 = to invest heavily to attract, train, and retain employees)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.8

7

Switzerland ...................6.1 Denmark .......................5.9 Japan ............................5.9 Sweden ........................5.9 Austria ..........................5.8 Netherlands ..................5.7 Germany .......................5.7 Finland ..........................5.6 United States................5.6 Norway .........................5.5 Iceland ..........................5.4 Singapore......................5.4 Belgium ........................5.4 Luxembourg .................5.4 Ireland ...........................5.4 United Kingdom............5.3 Malaysia........................5.3 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 Taiwan, China................5.2 Australia ........................5.1 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 France ...........................5.1 Israel .............................5.1 Canada ..........................5.0 New Zealand.................5.0 South Africa ..................4.9 Estonia ..........................4.8 India ..............................4.8 Czech Republic .............4.7 Thailand ........................4.6 Costa Rica.....................4.5 Slovenia ........................4.4 Mauritius.......................4.4 Chile..............................4.4 Philippines ....................4.3 Tunisia...........................4.3 United Arab Emirates ...4.3 Brazil .............................4.2 Turkey ...........................4.2 Indonesia ......................4.2 Spain .............................4.0 Latvia ............................4.0 Lithuania .......................4.0 Malta.............................4.0 Slovak Republic ............4.0 Kuwait...........................3.9 Mexico ..........................3.9 Poland ...........................3.8 Barbados.......................3.8 Zimbabwe .....................3.8 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.8 Greece ..........................3.8 Hungary ........................3.8 Jamaica.........................3.8 Portugal ........................3.8 Kenya ............................3.7 Qatar .............................3.7 Panama .........................3.7 Bahrain..........................3.7 Jordan ...........................3.6 Croatia ..........................3.6 Italy ...............................3.6

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 95 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

El Salvador ....................3.6 Namibia.........................3.6 Nigeria ..........................3.5 Peru ..............................3.5 Colombia.......................3.5 Botswana......................3.5 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.5 Cyprus ..........................3.4 Vietnam.........................3.4 Argentina ......................3.4 Guatemala ....................3.4 Uganda .........................3.4 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 China.............................3.4 Mauritania .....................3.3 Mozambique .................3.3 Kazakhstan....................3.3 Uruguay ........................3.3 Romania........................3.3 Venezuela .....................3.3 Egypt ............................3.3 Mongolia .......................3.2 Morocco .......................3.2 Malawi ..........................3.2 Tanzania ........................3.1 Gambia .........................3.1 Cambodia......................3.1 Dominican Republic......3.1 Pakistan ........................3.1 Lesotho.........................3.1 Honduras ......................3.1 Azerbaijan .....................3.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 Georgia .........................3.0 Guyana..........................3.0 Algeria...........................3.0 Russian Federation .......2.9 Ukraine .........................2.9 Madagascar ..................2.9 Moldova ........................2.9 Armenia ........................2.8 Ecuador.........................2.8 Nicaragua ......................2.7 Burkina Faso .................2.7 Angola...........................2.7 Benin ............................2.7 Suriname ......................2.7 Tajikistan .......................2.7 Albania ..........................2.7 Cameroon .....................2.7 Bulgaria .........................2.6 Paraguay .......................2.6 Bangladesh ...................2.6 Bolivia ...........................2.5 Mali ...............................2.5 Nepal ............................2.4 Ethiopia .........................2.4 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.4 Serbia and Montenegro..2.3 Burundi .........................2.2 Chad .............................1.8 Zambia ..........................1.7

1

MEAN: 3.8

7

SD

1.2 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1

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11.06 Hiring and firing practices The hiring and firing of workers is (1 = impeded by regulations, 7 = flexibly determined by employers)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

Zambia ..........................5.9 Singapore......................5.9 Mauritania .....................5.7 Switzerland ...................5.7 Azerbaijan .....................5.7 Iceland ..........................5.6 Kazakhstan....................5.6 Denmark .......................5.4 Kyrgyz Republic ............5.4 Dominican Republic......5.3 United States................5.2 Mongolia .......................5.2 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 Uganda .........................5.1 Slovak Republic ............5.1 Georgia .........................5.1 Russian Federation .......5.1 Albania ..........................5.0 Nigeria ..........................5.0 Ukraine .........................4.8 El Salvador ....................4.8 Tajikistan .......................4.8 United Arab Emirates ...4.7 Guyana..........................4.6 Bangladesh ...................4.6 Pakistan ........................4.6 Taiwan, China................4.6 Guatemala ....................4.5 Gambia .........................4.5 Kenya ............................4.5 Qatar .............................4.5 Tunisia...........................4.5 United Kingdom............4.5 Burundi .........................4.5 Israel .............................4.4 Moldova ........................4.4 Cameroon .....................4.4 Nicaragua ......................4.4 Benin ............................4.4 Mali ...............................4.3 Kuwait...........................4.3 Costa Rica.....................4.3 Bolivia ...........................4.3 Canada ..........................4.3 Vietnam.........................4.2 Madagascar ..................4.2 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.2 Estonia ..........................4.2 Morocco .......................4.2 China.............................4.2 Jamaica.........................4.2 Latvia ............................4.2 Armenia ........................4.1 Croatia ..........................4.1 Honduras ......................4.1 Tanzania ........................4.1 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.0 Colombia.......................4.0 Malaysia........................4.0 Barbados.......................4.0 Serbia and Montenegro..4.0 Chile..............................4.0

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.8 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 115 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Burkina Faso .................3.9 Poland ...........................3.9 Thailand ........................3.8 Korea, Rep. ...................3.8 Mexico ..........................3.8 Cambodia......................3.8 Hungary ........................3.8 Japan ............................3.8 Australia ........................3.8 Luxembourg .................3.8 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.7 Ethiopia .........................3.7 Malawi ..........................3.7 Bulgaria .........................3.7 Indonesia ......................3.7 Lesotho.........................3.7 New Zealand.................3.7 Angola...........................3.6 Algeria...........................3.6 Philippines ....................3.6 Chad .............................3.6 Austria ..........................3.6 Romania........................3.5 Botswana......................3.5 Malta.............................3.5 Turkey ...........................3.4 Ireland ...........................3.4 Jordan ...........................3.3 Finland ..........................3.3 Peru ..............................3.2 Namibia.........................3.2 Cyprus ..........................3.2 Nepal ............................3.1 Lithuania .......................3.1 Egypt ............................3.1 Sri Lanka .......................3.0 Panama .........................3.0 India ..............................3.0 Uruguay ........................3.0 Czech Republic .............3.0 Paraguay .......................3.0 Bahrain..........................2.9 Ecuador.........................2.9 Netherlands ..................2.9 Mozambique .................2.8 Greece ..........................2.8 Slovenia ........................2.8 Portugal ........................2.7 Brazil .............................2.7 Norway .........................2.7 Spain .............................2.7 Italy ...............................2.7 Mauritius.......................2.6 Zimbabwe .....................2.6 Belgium ........................2.6 Argentina ......................2.5 Germany .......................2.5 South Africa ..................2.4 Suriname ......................2.4 France ...........................2.4 Sweden ........................2.2 Venezuela .....................2.0

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

SD

1.7 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3

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11.07 Difficulty of hiring foreign labor Labor regulation in your country (1 = prevents your company from employing foreign labor, 7 = does not prevent your company from employing foreign labor)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 4.8

7

Kuwait...........................6.3 Ireland ...........................6.0 Georgia .........................6.0 Slovak Republic ............6.0 Armenia ........................5.9 Singapore......................5.9 Nicaragua ......................5.8 Albania ..........................5.7 El Salvador ....................5.7 Dominican Republic......5.7 Luxembourg .................5.7 Zambia ..........................5.6 United Kingdom............5.6 Indonesia ......................5.6 Finland ..........................5.5 Paraguay .......................5.5 Uganda .........................5.5 Portugal ........................5.5 Peru ..............................5.5 United Arab Emirates ...5.5 Iceland ..........................5.5 Mauritania .....................5.5 Qatar .............................5.4 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 Chile..............................5.4 Switzerland ...................5.4 Egypt ............................5.4 India ..............................5.4 Uruguay ........................5.4 Czech Republic .............5.3 Guyana..........................5.3 Norway .........................5.3 Jamaica.........................5.3 Nigeria ..........................5.3 Burkina Faso .................5.3 Azerbaijan .....................5.2 Benin ............................5.2 Malaysia........................5.2 Mali ...............................5.2 Argentina ......................5.1 Morocco .......................5.1 Spain .............................5.1 United States................5.1 Costa Rica.....................5.1 Gambia .........................5.0 Suriname ......................5.0 Bolivia ...........................5.0 Serbia and Montenegro..5.0 Colombia.......................5.0 Latvia ............................4.9 Tanzania ........................4.9 Denmark .......................4.9 Honduras ......................4.9 Mexico ..........................4.9 Cameroon .....................4.9 Italy ...............................4.8 Greece ..........................4.8 Germany .......................4.8 Moldova ........................4.8 Burundi .........................4.8 Tunisia...........................4.8 Cambodia......................4.8

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 93 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 107 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Vietnam.........................4.8 Guatemala ....................4.8 Pakistan ........................4.8 Hungary ........................4.7 Turkey ...........................4.7 New Zealand.................4.7 Tajikistan .......................4.7 France ...........................4.7 Angola...........................4.7 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.7 China.............................4.6 Brazil .............................4.6 Taiwan, China................4.6 Japan ............................4.6 Estonia ..........................4.5 Lithuania .......................4.5 Madagascar ..................4.5 Belgium ........................4.5 Netherlands ..................4.5 Australia ........................4.4 Jordan ...........................4.4 Thailand ........................4.4 Mongolia .......................4.4 Slovenia ........................4.4 Sweden ........................4.4 Kenya ............................4.4 Croatia ..........................4.4 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.4 Bulgaria .........................4.3 Malta.............................4.3 Cyprus ..........................4.3 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.3 Israel .............................4.3 Romania........................4.3 Ethiopia .........................4.2 Canada ..........................4.2 Barbados.......................4.2 Venezuela .....................4.2 Ukraine .........................4.2 Sri Lanka .......................4.2 Poland ...........................4.2 Philippines ....................4.1 Ecuador.........................4.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina .4.1 Bahrain..........................4.0 Mauritius.......................4.0 Russian Federation .......4.0 Panama .........................3.9 Kazakhstan....................3.9 Austria ..........................3.9 Chad .............................3.8 Lesotho.........................3.8 Bangladesh ...................3.8 Botswana......................3.8 Algeria...........................3.7 Korea, Rep. ...................3.7 Malawi ..........................3.7 Mozambique .................3.4 South Africa ..................3.3 Nepal ............................3.0 Zimbabwe .....................2.9 Namibia.........................2.6

1

MEAN: 4.8

7

SD

1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.4

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11.08 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years, 2003 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 62

HARD DATA

Azerbaijan............................<0.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina .....<0.1 Bulgaria ...............................<0.1 Croatia.................................<0.1 Cyprus.................................<0.1 Egypt...................................<0.1 Hong Kong SAR ..................<0.1 Japan...................................<0.1 Jordan .................................<0.1 Korea, Rep. .........................<0.1 Kuwait .................................<0.1 Macedonia, FYR..................<0.1 Mauritius .............................<0.1 Mongolia .............................<0.1 Philippines...........................<0.1 Qatar ...................................<0.1 Romania ..............................<0.1 Slovak Republic...................<0.1 Slovenia...............................<0.1 Sri Lanka .............................<0.1 Taiwan, China......................<0.1 Tajikistan .............................<0.1 Tunisia .................................<0.1 Turkey .................................<0.1 Albania...................................0.1 Algeria ...................................0.1 Armenia .................................0.1 Australia.................................0.1 Bolivia ....................................0.1 China .....................................0.1 Czech Republic......................0.1 Finland ...................................0.1 Georgia ..................................0.1 Germany................................0.1 Hungary .................................0.1 Indonesia ...............................0.1 Ireland....................................0.1 Israel......................................0.1 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.1 Lithuania ................................0.1 Morocco ................................0.1 New Zealand .........................0.1 Norway ..................................0.1 Pakistan .................................0.1 Poland....................................0.1 Sweden .................................0.1 United Arab Emirates ............0.2 Bahrain ..................................0.2 Belgium .................................0.2 Denmark................................0.2 Greece...................................0.2 Iceland ...................................0.2 Kazakhstan ............................0.2 Luxembourg ..........................0.2 Malta .....................................0.2 Moldova.................................0.2 Netherlands ...........................0.2 Nicaragua...............................0.2 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.2 Singapore ..............................0.2 United Kingdom ....................0.2 Austria ...................................0.3

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 62 62 62 62 62 69 69 69 69 69 74 74 74 74 78 78 78 78 82 82 82 82 82 82 88 88 90 90 90 93 93 95 96 96 98 98 98 101 102 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

HARD DATA

Bangladesh............................0.3 Canada...................................0.3 Chile ......................................0.3 Ecuador .................................0.3 Mexico...................................0.3 Uruguay .................................0.3 France....................................0.4 Malaysia ................................0.4 Portugal .................................0.4 Switzerland............................0.4 Vietnam .................................0.4 Italy........................................0.5 Nepal .....................................0.5 Paraguay................................0.5 Peru .......................................0.5 Costa Rica .............................0.6 Latvia .....................................0.6 Mauritania..............................0.6 United States ........................0.6 Argentina ...............................0.7 Brazil......................................0.7 Colombia ...............................0.7 El Salvador.............................0.7 Spain......................................0.7 Venezuela ..............................0.7 India.......................................0.9 Panama..................................0.9 Estonia...................................1.1 Guatemala .............................1.1 Russian Federation................1.1 Gambia ..................................1.2 Jamaica .................................1.2 Ukraine ..................................1.4 Barbados ...............................1.5 Thailand .................................1.5 Dominican Republic ..............1.7 Madagascar ...........................1.7 Suriname ...............................1.7 Honduras ...............................1.8 Benin .....................................1.9 Mali........................................1.9 Guyana ..................................2.5 Cambodia ..............................2.6 Trinidad and Tobago...............3.2 Angola ...................................3.9 Uganda ..................................4.1 Burkina Faso..........................4.2 Ethiopia..................................4.4 Chad ......................................4.8 Nigeria ...................................5.4 Burundi ..................................6.0 Kenya.....................................6.7 Cameroon..............................6.9 Tanzania .................................8.8 Mozambique........................12.2 Malawi.................................14.2 Zambia.................................16.5 Namibia ...............................21.3 South Africa.........................21.5 Zimbabwe............................24.6 Lesotho ...............................28.9 Botswana ............................37.3

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006; national sources

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11.09 Malaria incidence Malaria cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 or most recent year available

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Albania...................................0.0 Australia.................................0.0 Austria ...................................0.0 Bahrain ..................................0.0 Barbados ...............................0.0 Belgium .................................0.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.0 Bulgaria..................................0.0 Canada...................................0.0 Croatia ...................................0.0 Cyprus ...................................0.0 Czech Republic......................0.0 Denmark................................0.0 Egypt .....................................0.0 Estonia...................................0.0 Finland ...................................0.0 France....................................0.0 Germany................................0.0 Greece...................................0.0 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.0 Hungary .................................0.0 Iceland ...................................0.0 Ireland....................................0.0 Israel......................................0.0 Italy........................................0.0 Japan .....................................0.0 Jordan....................................0.0 Kuwait ...................................0.0 Latvia .....................................0.0 Lesotho .................................0.0 Lithuania ................................0.0 Luxembourg ..........................0.0 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.0 Malta .....................................0.0 Mongolia................................0.0 Netherlands ...........................0.0 New Zealand .........................0.0 Norway ..................................0.0 Poland....................................0.0 Portugal .................................0.0 Qatar......................................0.0 Romania ................................0.0 Russian Federation................0.0 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.0 Singapore ..............................0.0 Slovak Republic .....................0.0 Slovenia .................................0.0 Spain......................................0.0 Sweden .................................0.0 Switzerland............................0.0 Tunisia ...................................0.0 Ukraine ..................................0.0 United Arab Emirates ............0.0 United Kingdom ....................0.0 United States ........................0.0 Chile ......................................0.0 Taiwan, China ........................0.1 Kazakhstan ............................0.1 Moldova.................................0.1 Morocco ................................0.2 Argentina ...............................0.3 Armenia .................................0.9

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

HARD DATA

Algeria ...................................1.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............1.2 El Salvador.............................1.3 Uruguay .................................1.6 Mauritius ...............................1.8 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.9 Korea, Rep.............................2.3 China .....................................3.1 Mexico...................................3.2 Jamaica .................................5.2 Azerbaijan ..............................5.7 Georgia ..................................6.2 Paraguay..............................11.6 Turkey..................................12.9 Malaysia ..............................22.4 Dominican Republic ............26.5 South Africa.........................29.9 Costa Rica ...........................30.0 Nepal ...................................37.3 Bangladesh..........................38.8 Vietnam ...............................46.0 Philippines ...........................54.6 Sri Lanka..............................55.0 Thailand ...............................59.5 Pakistan ...............................81.5 Tajikistan ..............................87.5 Indonesia .............................98.9 Nicaragua...........................122.5 Honduras ...........................146.7 Panama..............................159.2 Bolivia ................................165.7 India...................................167.2 Venezuela ..........................178.1 Ecuador .............................224.2 Guatemala .........................253.1 Brazil..................................254.2 Colombia ...........................260.3 Peru ...................................292.2 Kenya.................................389.3 Cambodia ..........................505.4 Ethiopia..............................799.5 Botswana .......................1,245.4 Suriname ........................1,906.6 Nigeria ............................2,103.6 Cameroon.......................2,900.0 Tanzania..........................3,000.0 Guyana ...........................3,773.3 Chad ...............................4,767.9 Mauritania.......................5,979.4 Mali.................................6,226.4 Zimbabwe.......................9,562.4 Angola ..........................10,139.1 Burkina Faso.................11,894.5 Madagascar ..................12,151.7 Benin ............................12,172.5 Gambia .........................17,340.0 Zambia..........................18,964.0 Namibia ........................22,204.1 Malawi..........................24,180.7 Mozambique.................26,919.9 Burundi .........................26,993.9 Uganda .........................47,842.7

SOURCE: World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, World Malaria Report 2005; WHO Regional Offices; UNFPA, State of World Population 2005;

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; UNDP, Human Development Report 2006; national sources

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11.10 Tuberculosis incidence Tuberculosis cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Iceland ...................................2.1 Sweden .................................3.4 United States ........................3.6 Norway ..................................4.1 Canada...................................4.2 Cyprus ...................................4.3 Malta .....................................4.6 Jordan....................................5.0 Italy........................................5.6 Switzerland............................5.7 Australia.................................5.8 Denmark................................6.2 Netherlands ...........................6.3 Germany................................6.3 Finland ...................................7.0 Israel......................................7.0 Jamaica .................................9.2 United Kingdom ....................9.2 Ireland....................................9.3 Luxembourg ..........................9.4 France....................................9.8 Belgium ...............................10.5 Austria .................................10.8 New Zealand .......................10.8 Czech Republic....................11.2 Barbados .............................12.3 Trinidad and Tobago.............12.4 Costa Rica ...........................15.3 Chile ....................................15.8 Slovenia ...............................16.8 Greece.................................17.0 Spain....................................19.8 Slovak Republic ...................23.4 Tunisia .................................24.0 United Arab Emirates ..........25.9 Hungary ...............................29.7 Kuwait .................................29.8 Albania.................................30.7 Poland..................................31.9 Uruguay ...............................32.8 Macedonia, FYR ..................33.6 Portugal ...............................34.8 Egypt ...................................34.9 Bulgaria................................36.1 Japan ...................................39.4 Singapore ............................40.8 Mexico.................................43.2 Panama................................44.7 Turkey..................................44.8 Estonia.................................49.2 Bahrain ................................49.8 Serbia and Montenegro.......49.8 Venezuela ............................52.3 Argentina .............................53.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina......53.4 Algeria .................................53.9 Croatia .................................65.0 Lithuania ..............................66.5 Latvia ...................................71.5 Taiwan, China ......................74.1 El Salvador...........................74.5 Colombia .............................74.7

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

HARD DATA

Qatar....................................76.6 Brazil....................................76.7 Hong Kong SAR ..................77.0 Nicaragua.............................80.2 Georgia ................................89.3 Azerbaijan ............................89.6 Sri Lanka..............................90.9 Honduras .............................97.0 Suriname .............................97.7 Armenia ...............................98.2 Morocco ............................105.2 Paraguay............................106.8 Guatemala .........................107.3 Dominican Republic ..........117.6 Korea, Rep.........................124.6 Malaysia ............................132.7 Mauritius ...........................135.4 Kyrgyz Republic.................136.6 Benin .................................142.3 Ukraine ..............................150.8 Kazakhstan ........................160.3 Russian Federation............160.3 Guyana ..............................185.4 Romania ............................187.9 Ecuador .............................196.3 Thailand .............................207.7 Mongolia............................208.9 Moldova.............................213.9 Peru ...................................216.0 China .................................221.1 Cameroon..........................227.4 Vietnam .............................231.8 Nepal .................................256.7 Indonesia ...........................275.2 Tajikistan ............................276.8 Bolivia ................................289.8 Angola ...............................309.9 India...................................312.2 Pakistan .............................328.7 Gambia ..............................328.7 Madagascar .......................351.2 Burkina Faso......................365.1 Bangladesh........................435.4 Philippines .........................463.3 Tanzania.............................478.6 Malawi...............................500.9 Mauritania..........................502.4 Nigeria ...............................531.3 Ethiopia..............................533.2 Lesotho .............................544.0 Botswana ..........................552.8 Burundi ..............................563.7 Chad ..................................565.7 Mali....................................577.9 Namibia .............................585.7 Mozambique......................635.1 Uganda ..............................646.4 South Africa.......................669.9 Zimbabwe..........................672.6 Zambia...............................707.3 Cambodia ..........................708.7 Kenya.................................888.4

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006, Global Report 2006; national sources

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11.11 Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years), 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 3 3 3 3 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 24 24 24 24 24 29 29 29 29 29 29 35 36 36 36 39 39 39 39 39 39 45 45 45 45 49 49 49 49 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53

HARD DATA

Hong Kong SAR ..................82.0 Japan ...................................82.0 Australia...............................81.0 Iceland .................................81.0 Italy......................................81.0 Sweden ...............................81.0 Switzerland..........................81.0 Canada.................................80.0 France..................................80.0 Israel....................................80.0 New Zealand .......................80.0 Norway ................................80.0 Singapore ............................80.0 Spain....................................80.0 Austria .................................79.0 Cyprus .................................79.0 Finland .................................79.0 Germany..............................79.0 Greece.................................79.0 Luxembourg ........................79.0 Malta ...................................79.0 Netherlands .........................79.0 United Kingdom ..................79.0 Belgium ...............................78.0 Denmark..............................78.0 Ireland..................................78.0 Portugal ...............................78.0 United States ......................78.0 Chile ....................................77.0 Costa Rica ...........................77.0 Korea, Rep...........................77.0 Kuwait .................................77.0 Slovenia ...............................77.0 United Arab Emirates ..........77.0 Taiwan, China ......................76.4 Czech Republic....................76.0 Panama................................76.0 Qatar....................................76.0 Argentina .............................75.0 Barbados .............................75.0 Croatia .................................75.0 Poland..................................75.0 Uruguay ...............................75.0 Venezuela ............................75.0 Bahrain ................................74.0 Georgia ................................74.0 Mexico.................................74.0 Slovak Republic ...................74.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina......73.0 Colombia .............................73.0 Hungary ...............................73.0 Serbia and Montenegro.......73.0 Albania.................................72.0 Bulgaria................................72.0 China ...................................72.0 Ecuador ...............................72.0 Estonia.................................72.0 Jamaica ...............................72.0 Lithuania ..............................72.0 Macedonia, FYR ..................72.0 Malaysia ..............................72.0 Mauritius .............................72.0

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

53 53 53 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 75 75 75 78 79 79 79 79 83 83 83 83 83 83 89 89 89 89 93 93 93 96 96 96 99 99 101 102 102 104 104 106 107 108 108 110 111 111 111 114 114 114 117 117 119 119 121 121 121 124

HARD DATA

Paraguay..............................72.0 Romania ..............................72.0 Tunisia .................................72.0 Algeria .................................71.0 El Salvador...........................71.0 Jordan..................................71.0 Latvia ...................................71.0 Morocco ..............................71.0 Peru .....................................71.0 Sri Lanka..............................71.0 Turkey..................................71.0 Vietnam ...............................71.0 Brazil....................................70.0 Thailand ...............................70.0 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.0 Nicaragua.............................69.0 Armenia ...............................68.0 Egypt ...................................68.0 Guatemala ...........................68.0 Philippines ...........................68.0 Dominican Republic ............67.0 Honduras .............................67.0 Indonesia .............................67.0 Moldova...............................67.0 Suriname .............................67.0 Ukraine ................................67.0 Azerbaijan ............................65.0 Bolivia ..................................65.0 Mongolia..............................65.0 Russian Federation..............65.0 Guyana ................................63.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................63.0 Tajikistan ..............................63.0 Bangladesh..........................62.0 India.....................................62.0 Pakistan ...............................62.0 Kazakhstan ..........................61.0 Nepal ...................................61.0 Mauritania............................58.0 Gambia ................................57.0 Madagascar .........................57.0 Cambodia ............................54.0 Namibia ...............................54.0 Benin ...................................53.0 Kenya...................................51.0 Cameroon............................50.0 Ethiopia................................50.0 Uganda ................................49.0 Burkina Faso........................48.0 South Africa.........................48.0 Tanzania...............................48.0 Chad ....................................46.0 Mali......................................46.0 Nigeria .................................46.0 Burundi ................................45.0 Mozambique........................45.0 Lesotho ...............................41.0 Malawi.................................41.0 Angola .................................40.0 Botswana ............................40.0 Zambia.................................40.0 Zimbabwe............................36.0

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Report 2006; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

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12.01 Tourism openness Tourism expenditures and receipts as a percentage of GDP, 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Barbados .............................31.5 Cyprus .................................24.5 Croatia .................................23.8 Albania.................................22.9 Mongolia..............................22.0 Luxembourg ........................19.8 Georgia ................................19.3 Mauritius .............................18.6 Jamaica ...............................18.4 Malta ...................................17.2 Bahrain ................................15.6 Dominican Republic ............15.2 Bulgaria................................14.2 Mozambique........................13.9 Hong Kong SAR ..................13.9 Ukraine ................................12.5 Cambodia ............................12.4 Greece.................................12.3 Jordan..................................12.0 Malaysia ..............................11.9 Estonia.................................11.8 Malawi.................................11.5 Singapore ............................11.0 Tanzania...............................10.5 Austria .................................10.3 Thailand .................................9.6 Moldova.................................9.5 Morocco ................................8.9 Honduras ...............................8.8 Costa Rica .............................8.7 Denmark................................8.6 Belgium .................................8.6 New Zealand .........................8.3 Tunisia ...................................8.3 Argentina ...............................7.9 Kuwait ...................................7.8 Iceland ...................................7.6 Slovenia .................................7.5 Hungary .................................7.3 Turkey....................................7.2 Panama..................................7.2 Portugal .................................6.9 Spain......................................6.6 Guyana ..................................6.5 Madagascar ...........................6.1 Egypt .....................................5.8 Armenia .................................5.7 Ireland....................................5.5 Kazakhstan ............................5.4 Czech Republic......................5.3 Sweden .................................5.2 Switzerland............................5.1 Netherlands ...........................5.1 Slovak Republic .....................5.0 South Africa...........................4.7 Lesotho .................................4.7 Indonesia ...............................4.7 Guatemala .............................4.3 Suriname ...............................4.3 Ecuador .................................4.3 El Salvador.............................4.2 Uruguay .................................4.2

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Russian Federation................4.0 Germany................................4.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.0 Norway ..................................3.9 France....................................3.9 Trinidad and Tobago...............3.8 United Kingdom ....................3.7 Australia.................................3.6 Nicaragua...............................3.6 Italy........................................3.6 Lithuania ................................3.2 Latvia .....................................3.2 Colombia ...............................3.2 Sri Lanka................................3.1 Kenya.....................................3.1 China .....................................3.0 Israel......................................3.0 Burundi ..................................2.8 Korea, Rep.............................2.8 Bolivia ....................................2.8 Canada...................................2.7 Peru .......................................2.7 Romania ................................2.6 Finland ...................................2.6 Ethiopia..................................2.6 Benin .....................................2.6 Poland....................................2.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina........2.5 Mexico...................................2.2 Chile ......................................2.1 Philippines .............................2.0 Azerbaijan ..............................1.9 Nigeria ...................................1.8 Brazil......................................1.4 India.......................................1.3 Paraguay................................1.2 United States ........................1.2 Venezuela ..............................1.1 Angola ...................................1.0 Algeria ...................................0.7 Japan .....................................0.7 Bangladesh............................0.6 Pakistan .................................0.4 Tajikistan ................................0.4 Botswana...............................n/a Burkina Faso..........................n/a Cameroon ..............................n/a Chad ......................................n/a Gambia ..................................n/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/a Mali........................................n/a Mauritania..............................n/a Namibia..................................n/a Nepal .....................................n/a Qatar......................................n/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a Uganda ..................................n/a United Arab Emirates ............n/a Vietnam .................................n/a Zambia ...................................n/a Zimbabwe..............................n/a

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12.02 Attitude toward tourists Are foreign travelers and in particular tourists welcome in your country? (1 = no, citizens in my country do not welcome foreign travelers and tourists, 7 = yes, my country’s citizens are open and welcome foreign travelers and tourists)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 6.3

7

Burkina Faso .................6.9 New Zealand.................6.8 Zambia ..........................6.8 Uganda .........................6.8 United Arab Emirates ...6.8 Thailand ........................6.8 Canada ..........................6.8 Dominican Republic......6.8 Iceland ..........................6.8 Malta.............................6.8 Austria ..........................6.8 Singapore......................6.7 Mauritania .....................6.7 Gambia .........................6.7 Norway .........................6.7 Cyprus ..........................6.7 Ireland ...........................6.7 Kenya ............................6.7 Philippines ....................6.7 Australia ........................6.7 Macedonia, FYR ...........6.7 Jamaica.........................6.7 Greece ..........................6.7 Mali ...............................6.7 Armenia ........................6.7 Barbados.......................6.7 Mexico ..........................6.7 Hong Kong SAR............6.6 Serbia and Montenegro..6.6 Croatia ..........................6.6 Mauritius.......................6.6 Cambodia......................6.6 Azerbaijan .....................6.6 Uruguay ........................6.6 Morocco .......................6.6 Malaysia........................6.6 Belgium ........................6.6 South Africa ..................6.6 Spain .............................6.6 Brazil .............................6.6 Ethiopia .........................6.6 India ..............................6.6 Sri Lanka .......................6.6 Costa Rica.....................6.6 Estonia ..........................6.5 Georgia .........................6.5 Guyana..........................6.5 Nicaragua ......................6.5 Nepal ............................6.5 Benin ............................6.5 Malawi ..........................6.5 Denmark .......................6.5 Netherlands ..................6.5 Indonesia ......................6.5 Portugal ........................6.5 Taiwan, China................6.5 Sweden ........................6.5 Turkey ...........................6.5 Switzerland ...................6.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina .6.5 Germany .......................6.5 United Kingdom............6.4

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Finland ..........................6.4 Tajikistan .......................6.4 Tanzania ........................6.4 Vietnam.........................6.4 Jordan ...........................6.4 Albania ..........................6.4 Moldova ........................6.4 Italy ...............................6.3 Kazakhstan....................6.3 Colombia.......................6.3 Israel .............................6.3 Chile..............................6.3 Tunisia...........................6.3 Romania........................6.3 Burundi .........................6.3 Paraguay .......................6.3 El Salvador ....................6.3 Namibia.........................6.2 Slovenia ........................6.2 Japan ............................6.2 Bangladesh ...................6.2 Suriname ......................6.2 Nigeria ..........................6.2 Madagascar ..................6.2 Kyrgyz Republic ............6.2 Mozambique .................6.1 Bahrain..........................6.1 Peru ..............................6.1 Cameroon .....................6.1 Ecuador.........................6.1 Bulgaria .........................6.1 Qatar .............................6.1 Argentina ......................6.1 Botswana......................6.0 Guatemala ....................6.0 Panama .........................6.0 Trinidad and Tobago ......6.0 Hungary ........................6.0 United States................6.0 Honduras ......................6.0 Mongolia .......................6.0 Slovak Republic ............6.0 Lithuania .......................6.0 Egypt ............................5.9 Algeria...........................5.9 Czech Republic .............5.9 Latvia ............................5.9 Zimbabwe .....................5.9 Korea, Rep. ...................5.9 China.............................5.8 Lesotho.........................5.8 Ukraine .........................5.8 Luxembourg .................5.7 Chad .............................5.7 Bolivia ...........................5.6 Angola...........................5.6 Russian Federation .......5.4 Pakistan ........................5.3 Kuwait...........................5.3 France ...........................5.2 Venezuela .....................5.1 Poland ...........................4.9

1

MEAN: 6.3

7

SD

0.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4

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12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips When a senior executive visits you in your country for business purposes, how likely are you to recommend extending their trip for leisure purposes? (1 = I would never recommend it, 7 = I would always recommend it)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 5.4

7

Turkey ...........................6.5 South Africa ..................6.4 Mauritania .....................6.4 Azerbaijan .....................6.4 Indonesia ......................6.3 Kazakhstan....................6.3 United Arab Emirates ...6.3 Argentina ......................6.2 Armenia ........................6.2 Italy ...............................6.1 Greece ..........................6.1 Tajikistan .......................6.1 France ...........................6.1 Austria ..........................6.1 Namibia.........................6.1 Malaysia........................6.1 Costa Rica.....................6.0 Tunisia...........................6.0 Barbados.......................6.0 Georgia .........................6.0 India ..............................6.0 Portugal ........................6.0 Spain .............................6.0 New Zealand.................6.0 Zambia ..........................5.9 Croatia ..........................5.9 Estonia ..........................5.9 Thailand ........................5.9 Jordan ...........................5.9 Slovak Republic ............5.9 Kyrgyz Republic ............5.9 Guatemala ....................5.9 Switzerland ...................5.9 Panama .........................5.8 Uruguay ........................5.8 Sri Lanka .......................5.8 Israel .............................5.8 Iceland ..........................5.8 Slovenia ........................5.8 Brazil .............................5.8 Bulgaria .........................5.8 Dominican Republic......5.8 Mali ...............................5.7 Morocco .......................5.7 Cyprus ..........................5.7 Moldova ........................5.7 Benin ............................5.7 Czech Republic .............5.7 Malta.............................5.7 Mauritius.......................5.6 Cambodia......................5.6 Jamaica.........................5.6 Tanzania ........................5.6 Russian Federation .......5.6 Philippines ....................5.6 Lithuania .......................5.6 Kenya ............................5.6 Macedonia, FYR ...........5.5 Canada ..........................5.5 Chile..............................5.5 Ukraine .........................5.5 Mongolia .......................5.5

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 93 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Colombia.......................5.5 Ecuador.........................5.5 Taiwan, China................5.5 Burkina Faso .................5.4 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 Luxembourg .................5.4 Romania........................5.4 Mexico ..........................5.3 Nicaragua ......................5.3 Burundi .........................5.3 Madagascar ..................5.3 Nepal ............................5.3 Zimbabwe .....................5.3 Malawi ..........................5.2 Cameroon .....................5.2 Latvia ............................5.2 Egypt ............................5.2 Australia ........................5.2 Peru ..............................5.2 Serbia and Montenegro..5.2 Germany .......................5.2 Ireland ...........................5.2 Honduras ......................5.2 Botswana......................5.1 Albania ..........................5.1 Belgium ........................5.1 Uganda .........................5.1 United States................5.1 Algeria...........................5.0 Lesotho.........................5.0 Chad .............................5.0 Suriname ......................5.0 Netherlands ..................5.0 Guyana..........................5.0 United Kingdom............4.9 Mozambique .................4.9 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.9 Singapore......................4.9 Ethiopia .........................4.9 Nigeria ..........................4.8 Bolivia ...........................4.8 Bahrain..........................4.8 El Salvador ....................4.7 Japan ............................4.6 Gambia .........................4.6 Qatar .............................4.5 Sweden ........................4.4 Paraguay .......................4.4 Finland ..........................4.4 Bangladesh ...................4.4 Pakistan ........................4.4 Denmark .......................4.4 Poland ...........................4.3 Venezuela .....................4.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina .4.3 Hungary ........................4.2 Angola...........................4.2 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 Norway .........................4.1 China.............................3.9 Vietnam.........................3.9 Kuwait...........................3.5

1

MEAN: 5.4

7

SD

1.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9

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13.01 Number of World Heritage sites Number of World Heritage sites in the country, July 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 15 15 15 19 20 21 21 21 24 24 24 24 24 24 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 55 55 55 55 55 60 60 60

HARD DATA

Italy......................................43.0 Spain....................................39.0 China ...................................33.0 Germany..............................32.0 France..................................30.0 United Kingdom ..................27.0 India.....................................26.0 Mexico.................................26.0 Russian Federation..............23.0 United States ......................20.0 Brazil....................................17.0 Australia...............................16.0 Greece.................................16.0 Sweden ...............................14.0 Canada.................................13.0 Japan ...................................13.0 Poland..................................13.0 Portugal ...............................13.0 Czech Republic....................12.0 Peru .....................................10.0 Belgium .................................9.0 Bulgaria..................................9.0 Turkey....................................9.0 Argentina ...............................8.0 Austria ...................................8.0 Ethiopia..................................8.0 Hungary .................................8.0 Morocco ................................8.0 Tunisia ...................................8.0 Algeria ...................................7.0 Egypt .....................................7.0 Indonesia ...............................7.0 Korea, Rep.............................7.0 Netherlands ...........................7.0 Norway ..................................7.0 Romania ................................7.0 South Africa...........................7.0 Sri Lanka................................7.0 Tanzania .................................7.0 Bolivia ....................................6.0 Colombia ...............................6.0 Croatia ...................................6.0 Finland ...................................6.0 Pakistan .................................6.0 Serbia and Montenegro.........6.0 Slovak Republic .....................6.0 Switzerland............................6.0 Chile ......................................5.0 Israel......................................5.0 Panama..................................5.0 Philippines .............................5.0 Thailand .................................5.0 Vietnam .................................5.0 Zimbabwe..............................5.0 Denmark................................4.0 Ecuador .................................4.0 Lithuania ................................4.0 Mali........................................4.0 Nepal .....................................4.0 Armenia .................................3.0 Bangladesh............................3.0 Costa Rica .............................3.0

SOURCE: UNESCO, World Heritage Centre

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107

HARD DATA

Cyprus ...................................3.0 Georgia ..................................3.0 Guatemala .............................3.0 Jordan....................................3.0 Kenya.....................................3.0 Malta .....................................3.0 New Zealand .........................3.0 Uganda ..................................3.0 Ukraine ..................................3.0 Venezuela ..............................3.0 Albania...................................2.0 Estonia...................................2.0 Gambia ..................................2.0 Honduras ...............................2.0 Ireland....................................2.0 Kazakhstan ............................2.0 Latvia .....................................2.0 Madagascar ...........................2.0 Malawi...................................2.0 Malaysia ................................2.0 Mauritania..............................2.0 Mongolia................................2.0 Nigeria ...................................2.0 Suriname ...............................2.0 Azerbaijan ..............................1.0 Bahrain ..................................1.0 Benin .....................................1.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.0 Botswana ..............................1.0 Cambodia ..............................1.0 Cameroon..............................1.0 Dominican Republic ..............1.0 El Salvador.............................1.0 Iceland ...................................1.0 Luxembourg ..........................1.0 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.0 Mauritius ...............................1.0 Moldova.................................1.0 Mozambique..........................1.0 Nicaragua...............................1.0 Paraguay................................1.0 Slovenia .................................1.0 Uruguay .................................1.0 Zambia...................................1.0 Angola ...................................0.0 Barbados ...............................0.0 Burkina Faso..........................0.0 Burundi ..................................0.0 Chad ......................................0.0 Guyana ..................................0.0 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.0 Jamaica .................................0.0 Kuwait ...................................0.0 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.0 Lesotho .................................0.0 Namibia .................................0.0 Qatar......................................0.0 Singapore ..............................0.0 Taiwan, China ........................0.0 Tajikistan ................................0.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.0 United Arab Emirates ............0.0

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13.02 Carbon dioxide damage Carbon dioxide damage as percentage of GNI, 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Chad ......................................0.0 Switzerland............................0.1 Mali........................................0.1 Cambodia ..............................0.1 Sweden .................................0.1 France....................................0.1 Iceland ...................................0.1 Denmark................................0.1 Norway ..................................0.1 Austria ...................................0.1 Burkina Faso..........................0.2 Netherlands ...........................0.2 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.2 Japan .....................................0.2 Italy........................................0.2 United Kingdom ....................0.2 Uganda ..................................0.2 Cameroon..............................0.2 Belgium .................................0.2 Spain......................................0.2 Mozambique..........................0.2 Germany................................0.2 Ireland....................................0.2 Finland ...................................0.2 Luxembourg ..........................0.2 Tanzania .................................0.2 Albania...................................0.2 Costa Rica .............................0.2 Portugal .................................0.2 Namibia .................................0.3 Guatemala .............................0.3 New Zealand .........................0.3 Uruguay .................................0.3 El Salvador.............................0.3 Burundi ..................................0.3 Zambia...................................0.3 Barbados ...............................0.3 Benin .....................................0.3 Peru .......................................0.3 Cyprus ...................................0.3 Malawi...................................0.3 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.3 Greece...................................0.3 Slovenia .................................0.3 Angola ...................................0.3 United States ........................0.3 Botswana ..............................0.4 Mauritius ...............................0.4 Canada...................................0.4 Madagascar ...........................0.4 Paraguay................................0.4 Brazil......................................0.4 Nepal .....................................0.4 Sri Lanka................................0.4 Malta .....................................0.4 Panama..................................0.4 Kenya.....................................0.4 Israel......................................0.4 Mexico...................................0.4 Bangladesh............................0.4 Singapore ..............................0.4 Australia.................................0.4

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Hungary .................................0.4 Colombia ...............................0.4 Croatia ...................................0.5 Chile ......................................0.5 Korea, Rep.............................0.5 Lithuania ................................0.5 Gambia ..................................0.5 Turkey....................................0.5 Ethiopia..................................0.5 Honduras ...............................0.6 Tunisia ...................................0.6 Ecuador .................................0.6 Morocco ................................0.6 Philippines .............................0.6 Nigeria ...................................0.6 Nicaragua...............................0.6 Argentina ...............................0.6 Georgia ..................................0.7 Slovak Republic .....................0.7 Kuwait ...................................0.7 Bolivia ....................................0.7 United Arab Emirates ............0.7 Indonesia ...............................0.7 Czech Republic......................0.8 Algeria ...................................0.8 Pakistan .................................0.8 Jamaica .................................0.9 Dominican Republic ..............0.9 Venezuela ..............................0.9 Poland....................................0.9 Malaysia ................................0.9 Armenia .................................0.9 Romania ................................0.9 Jordan....................................1.0 Thailand .................................1.0 Vietnam .................................1.1 South Africa...........................1.2 Egypt .....................................1.2 Estonia...................................1.2 India.......................................1.3 Bulgaria..................................1.4 China .....................................1.4 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.4 Bahrain ..................................1.4 Guyana ..................................1.4 Mauritania..............................1.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.6 Zimbabwe..............................1.6 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.6 Suriname ...............................1.7 Moldova.................................1.8 Tajikistan ................................2.0 Russian Federation................2.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............2.3 Kazakhstan ............................3.0 Azerbaijan ..............................3.4 Mongolia................................3.8 Ukraine ..................................4.5 Latvia .....................................n/a Lesotho..................................n/a Qatar......................................n/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

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13.03 Nationally protected areas Nationally protected areas as percentage of total land area, 2004

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 31 31 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 44 46 47 48 48 50 51 52 53 53 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

HARD DATA

Venezuela ............................63.8 Dominican Republic ............51.9 Denmark..............................34.0 Austria .................................33.1 Germany..............................32.6 Zambia.................................31.9 Tanzania...............................29.8 Switzerland..........................29.7 New Zealand .......................29.6 United States ......................25.9 Uganda ................................24.6 Costa Rica ...........................23.0 Panama................................21.7 United Kingdom ..................20.8 Indonesia .............................20.6 Guatemala ...........................20.0 Chile ....................................18.9 Taiwan, China ......................18.9 Botswana ............................18.5 Cambodia ............................18.5 Ecuador ...............................18.3 Nicaragua.............................17.8 Ethiopia................................16.9 Czech Republic....................16.1 Israel....................................15.0 Kyrgyz Republic...................15.0 Netherlands .........................14.2 Thailand ...............................13.9 Namibia ...............................13.6 Sri Lanka..............................13.5 Australia...............................13.4 Bolivia ..................................13.4 Latvia ...................................13.4 France..................................13.3 Poland..................................12.3 Zimbabwe............................12.1 Estonia.................................11.8 Burkina Faso........................11.5 Mongolia..............................11.5 Benin ...................................11.4 Canada.................................11.3 Malawi.................................11.2 Lithuania ..............................10.7 Colombia .............................10.2 Mexico.................................10.2 Egypt .....................................9.7 Finland ...................................9.3 Chad ......................................9.1 Sweden .................................9.1 Nepal .....................................8.9 Spain......................................8.5 Mozambique..........................8.4 Kenya.....................................8.0 Russian Federation................8.0 Italy........................................7.9 China .....................................7.8 Armenia .................................7.6 Croatia ...................................7.5 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.1 Hungary .................................7.0 Korea, Rep.............................6.9 Japan .....................................6.8

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

62 64 65 65 65 68 68 70 71 71 73 73 73 76 77 78 79 80 81 81 81 84 85 86 87 88 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 95 97 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 106 108 109 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

HARD DATA

Norway ..................................6.8 Brazil......................................6.7 Angola ...................................6.6 Argentina ...............................6.6 Portugal .................................6.6 Azerbaijan ..............................6.4 Honduras ...............................6.4 Peru .......................................6.1 Slovenia .................................6.0 Trinidad and Tobago...............6.0 Burundi ..................................5.7 Malaysia ................................5.7 Philippines .............................5.7 South Africa...........................5.5 India.......................................5.2 Algeria ...................................5.0 Pakistan .................................4.9 Romania ................................4.7 Bulgaria..................................4.5 Cameroon..............................4.5 Singapore ..............................4.5 Madagascar ...........................4.3 Tajikistan ................................4.2 Ukraine ..................................3.9 Albania...................................3.8 Mali........................................3.7 Vietnam .................................3.7 Greece...................................3.6 Paraguay................................3.5 Jordan....................................3.4 Nigeria ...................................3.3 Kazakhstan ............................2.7 Gambia ..................................2.3 Georgia ..................................2.3 Ireland....................................1.7 Mauritania..............................1.7 Turkey....................................1.6 Kuwait ...................................1.5 Moldova.................................1.4 Bangladesh............................0.8 Morocco ................................0.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.5 El Salvador.............................0.4 Tunisia ...................................0.3 Uruguay .................................0.3 Lesotho .................................0.2 United Arab Emirates ............0.0 Bahrain...................................n/a Barbados................................n/a Belgium .................................n/a Cyprus ...................................n/a Guyana...................................n/a Hong Kong SAR.....................n/a Iceland ...................................n/a Jamaica..................................n/a Luxembourg ..........................n/a Malta......................................n/a Mauritius................................n/a Qatar......................................n/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a Slovak Republic .....................n/a Suriname ...............................n/a

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13.04 Business concern for ecosystems In your country, companies that harvest or process natural resources such as food, forest, or fishery products (1 = rarely concern themselves with the degradation of ecosystems, 7 = frequently take steps to preserve the ecosystems they depend on)

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

SCORE

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

Finland ..........................6.3 Iceland ..........................6.3 Sweden ........................6.0 Germany .......................6.0 Austria ..........................5.9 Switzerland ...................5.9 New Zealand.................5.9 Norway .........................5.9 Luxembourg .................5.8 Netherlands ..................5.8 United Kingdom............5.6 Denmark .......................5.5 Australia ........................5.5 Japan ............................5.4 Canada ..........................5.4 Belgium ........................5.3 United States................5.2 France ...........................5.2 Ireland ...........................5.1 Tunisia...........................5.1 South Africa ..................4.9 Malaysia........................4.9 Chile..............................4.9 Portugal ........................4.8 Czech Republic .............4.8 Singapore......................4.8 Estonia ..........................4.7 Slovak Republic ............4.7 Slovenia ........................4.7 Uruguay ........................4.6 Spain .............................4.6 Israel .............................4.6 Namibia.........................4.5 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 Costa Rica.....................4.5 Mauritius.......................4.5 Taiwan, China................4.3 Hungary ........................4.3 Hong Kong SAR............4.3 Poland ...........................4.3 Qatar .............................4.2 Brazil .............................4.2 Zimbabwe .....................4.2 Korea, Rep. ...................4.2 Latvia ............................4.2 Thailand ........................4.1 Cyprus ..........................4.1 Greece ..........................4.1 Italy ...............................4.0 Lithuania .......................4.0 Croatia ..........................3.9 Jamaica.........................3.9 India ..............................3.9 Barbados.......................3.8 Malta.............................3.8 Botswana......................3.8 Mali ...............................3.8 Burkina Faso .................3.7 Guatemala ....................3.7 Gambia .........................3.7 Peru ..............................3.7 Madagascar ..................3.7

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

SD

0.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124

SCORE

Mauritania .....................3.7 El Salvador ....................3.6 Nigeria ..........................3.6 Colombia.......................3.6 Kuwait...........................3.6 Turkey ...........................3.6 Tajikistan .......................3.5 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 Argentina ......................3.5 Kenya ............................3.5 Jordan ...........................3.5 Mexico ..........................3.4 Philippines ....................3.4 Kazakhstan....................3.4 Benin ............................3.4 Egypt ............................3.4 Lesotho.........................3.3 Tanzania ........................3.3 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.3 Uganda .........................3.3 Bahrain..........................3.3 Venezuela .....................3.3 China.............................3.3 Honduras ......................3.3 Romania........................3.3 Dominican Republic......3.2 Algeria...........................3.2 Panama .........................3.2 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 Malawi ..........................3.2 Nepal ............................3.2 Azerbaijan .....................3.1 Pakistan ........................3.1 Ecuador.........................3.1 Morocco .......................3.0 Ukraine .........................3.0 Vietnam.........................3.0 Guyana..........................3.0 Mozambique .................3.0 Moldova ........................3.0 Bolivia ...........................3.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 Bulgaria .........................3.0 Cambodia......................2.9 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.9 Nicaragua ......................2.9 Indonesia ......................2.9 Cameroon .....................2.8 Serbia and Montenegro..2.8 Georgia .........................2.7 Russian Federation .......2.7 Angola...........................2.7 Burundi .........................2.6 Suriname ......................2.5 Armenia ........................2.5 Ethiopia .........................2.5 Bangladesh ...................2.5 Paraguay .......................2.3 Chad .............................2.3 Albania ..........................2.2 Mongolia .......................2.2 Zambia ..........................1.9

1

MEAN: 3.9

7

SD

1.7 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3

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13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever Average of the malaria risk index and yellow fever risk index, 2006

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 49 50 51 52 52 52 52 52 52 58 59 59 59 59

HARD DATA

Austria ...................................7.0 Bahrain ..................................7.0 Belgium .................................7.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina........7.0 Bulgaria..................................7.0 Canada...................................7.0 Croatia ...................................7.0 Cyprus ...................................7.0 Czech Republic......................7.0 Denmark................................7.0 Estonia...................................7.0 Finland ...................................7.0 France....................................7.0 Germany................................7.0 Greece...................................7.0 Hong Kong SAR ....................7.0 Hungary .................................7.0 Iceland ...................................7.0 Ireland....................................7.0 Israel......................................7.0 Italy........................................7.0 Japan .....................................7.0 Kuwait ...................................7.0 Latvia .....................................7.0 Lithuania ................................7.0 Luxembourg ..........................7.0 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.0 Moldova.................................7.0 Mongolia................................7.0 Netherlands ...........................7.0 New Zealand .........................7.0 Norway ..................................7.0 Poland....................................7.0 Qatar......................................7.0 Romania ................................7.0 Russian Federation................7.0 Serbia and Montenegro.........7.0 Slovak Republic .....................7.0 Slovenia .................................7.0 Spain......................................7.0 Sweden .................................7.0 Switzerland............................7.0 Taiwan, China ........................7.0 Ukraine ..................................7.0 United Arab Emirates ............7.0 United Kingdom ....................7.0 United States ........................7.0 Uruguay .................................7.0 Argentina ...............................6.8 Costa Rica .............................6.4 Venezuela ..............................6.4 Armenia .................................6.3 Azerbaijan ..............................6.3 Georgia ..................................6.3 Korea, Rep.............................6.3 Kyrgyz Republic.....................6.3 Morocco ................................6.3 Mexico...................................6.1 Albania...................................5.5 Australia.................................5.5 Bangladesh............................5.5 Barbados ...............................5.5

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY

59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 119 120 120 120 120 120

HARD DATA

Chile ......................................5.5 Dominican Republic ..............5.5 Egypt .....................................5.5 Jamaica .................................5.5 Jordan....................................5.5 Kazakhstan ............................5.5 Lesotho .................................5.5 Malta .....................................5.5 Mauritius ...............................5.5 Portugal .................................5.5 Singapore ..............................5.5 Trinidad and Tobago...............5.5 Tunisia ...................................5.5 Turkey....................................5.5 Tajikistan ................................5.2 Algeria ...................................5.0 Vietnam .................................4.8 Botswana ..............................4.8 Namibia .................................4.6 South Africa...........................4.2 El Salvador.............................4.0 Guatemala .............................4.0 Honduras ...............................4.0 Madagascar ...........................4.0 Nicaragua...............................4.0 Paraguay................................4.0 Zambia...................................4.0 Mauritania..............................3.9 China .....................................3.7 Panama..................................3.6 Sri Lanka................................3.5 Brazil......................................3.4 Nepal .....................................3.3 Suriname ...............................3.1 Colombia ...............................3.0 Ecuador .................................3.0 India.......................................2.9 Peru .......................................2.9 Indonesia ...............................2.7 Thailand .................................2.6 Angola ...................................2.5 Burundi ..................................2.5 Cambodia ..............................2.5 Ethiopia..................................2.5 Gambia ..................................2.5 Guyana ..................................2.5 Kenya.....................................2.5 Malawi...................................2.5 Malaysia ................................2.5 Mozambique..........................2.5 Nigeria ...................................2.5 Pakistan .................................2.5 Philippines .............................2.5 Tanzania .................................2.5 Uganda ..................................2.5 Zimbabwe..............................2.5 Bolivia ....................................1.6 Benin .....................................1.0 Burkina Faso..........................1.0 Cameroon..............................1.0 Chad ......................................1.0 Mali........................................1.0

SOURCE: World Economic Forum calculation based on World Health Organization International Travel and Health 2006

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Technical Notes and Sources

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Technical Notes and Sources

The data used in this Report represent the best available estimates from various national authorities, international agencies, and private sources at the time the Report was prepared. It is possible that some data will have been revised or updated by national sources after publication. Throughout the statistical tables in this publication, “n/a” denotes that the value is not available, or that available data are unreasonably outdated or do not come from a reliable source. The following notes provide sources for the hard data—that is, the indicators listed in the Data Tables that do not come from the Executive Opinion Survey.

4.03

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version)

4.04

Visa requirements Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006 This index was constructed based on visitor visa requirements of each country for visitors from a set of 10 countries from different continents and with a high degree of tourism travel, namely Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A value of 0 (100) on the index means that the country requires a visa for visitors from all (none) of the countries mentioned above. The data were obtained from each country’s respective embassy or consulate website. Source: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

1.05

Source: World Trade Organization

Pillar 4: Health and hygiene 4.02

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version)

Pillar 5: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.02

Physician density Physician density per 1,000 population, 2004 or most recent year available This variable measures the number of physicians per 1,000 people in the country. The World Bank defines physicians as graduates of any faculty of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research). Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006

T&T government expenditure T&T government expenditure as a percentage of total budget, 2005 This measure includes expenditures (transfers or subsidies) made by government agencies to provide T&T services such as cultural (e.g., art museums), recreational (e.g., national park), clearance (e.g., immigration/ customs), and so on to visitors.

Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Index of openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements, 2005 This index measures the average openness of all bilateral Air Service Agreements (ASAs) concluded by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) signatories as registered in ICAO’s World’s Air Services Agreements (WASA) database (2005 update), weighted by bilateral scheduled passenger traffic taking place under each ASA. Regulatory data come from ICAO’s WASA database (2005), and traffic data were obtained from IATA.

Access to improved drinking water Access to safe drinking water as a percentage of total population According to the World Bank, this variable refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rain-water collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling.

Pillar 1: Policy rules and regulations 1.04

Access to improved sanitation Access to adequate sanitation facilities as a percentage of total population According to the World Bank, this variable refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained.

Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, Tourism Satellite Accounting Research 2006, available at www.wttc.org/tsa1.htm

5.04

T&T fair attendance Index of country presence at 12 major T&T fairs, 2005–06 This index was constructed as follows: a country was given a 1 for each time it was represented at one of the 12 T&T fairs (listed below) that took place during the period August 2005–July 2006. The score is the sum of all fairs at which the country was represented. The fairs included were: ITB Berlin, Salon Mondial du Tourisme (France), World Travel Market (London), Holiday World Prague, International Trade Fair for Tourism (Russia), Arabian Travel Market (Dubai), China International Travel Mart, Japan Association of Travel Agents (JATA) World Travel Fair, Travel and Tourism Fair (India), American Society of Travel Agents’ Trade Show, Travel Mart Latin America, and the International Tourism Fair of Latin America. Source: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

451

Technical Notes and Sources

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Pillar 6: Air transport infrastructure

Pillar 9: ICT infrastructure

6.02

9.02

Available seat kilometers Scheduled available seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions), August 2005 and February 2006 average This variable measures an airline’s passenger-carrying capacity; it is composed of the number of seats available on each flight multiplied by the flight distance in kilometers. The resulting variable is an average of the total for all scheduled flights in a week during August 2005 (summer schedule) and February 2006 (winter schedule). Source: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

6.03

6.04

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges Index of relative cost of access (ticket taxes and airport charges) to international air transport services, 2006

Airport density

Number of operating airlines

Pillar 8: Tourism infrastructure Hotel rooms Number of hotel rooms per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization; Economist Intelligence Unit

Presence of major car rental companies Index of presence of major car rental companies, 2006 This variable measures the presence of seven major car rental companies: Avis, Budget, Europcar, Hertz, National Car Rental, Sixt, and Thrifty. Car Fleet data were supplemented by World Economic Forum research based on online sources. Source: Car Fleet, No 29, Jan–Mar 2005; World Economic Forum

8.03

Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

Source: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

Source: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

8.02

Telephone lines Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, 2004

Pillar 10: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Number of airlines with scheduled flights originating in country, August 2005 and February 2006 average

8.01

9.03

Departures per 1,000 population

Source: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

452

Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

Number of aircraft departures per 1,000 population, 2005 Aircraft departures are the number of domestic and international take-offs of air carriers registered in the country. Source for departures and population is the CIA World Factbook.

Number of airports per million population, 2005 Runways of airports taken into account must be useable, but may be unpaved. Not all airports may have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control. Source for underlying data is the CIA World Factbook.

6.05

Internet users Internet users per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available

ATMs accepting Visa cards Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) accepting Visa credit cards, per million population, 2006

This index measures the relative cost of access to international air transport services based on the level of airport charges, passenger ticket taxes, and value-added taxation. It reflects the costs associated with a narrow-body and a wide-body passenger plane arrival and departure at the major international airports in each country. Charges include landing, terminal navigation, passenger, and security charges as listed in the IATA Airport and Air Navigation Charges manual. Ticket taxes applicable to international travel were applied as described in the IATA List of Ticket and Airport Taxes and Fees manual. Per-passenger charges were calculated by applying a 75 percent load factor to a typical seating configuration of each type of aircraft. Valueadded taxes (VATs) were calculated based on an average ticket price for each country and applied to half of the departing passengers, as the VAT is normally charged only on itineraries originating in the country concerned. A higher score indicates a lower level of charges and taxes. Source: International Air Transport Association

10.02 Purchasing power parity Ratio of purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor to official exchange rate, 2005 The purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factors for 2005 were obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s World Economic Outlook (April 2006). The official exchange rates for 2005 were obtained from the IMF’s International Financial Statistics Online and from the World Bank’s World Developement Indicators 2006. The World Bank defines the purchasing power parity conversion factor as the number of units of a country’s currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a US dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the US dollar). The variable shown is the result obtained by dividing the PPP conversion factor by the official exchange rate. Source: International Monetary Fund; World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (August 2006)

Source: Visa International

10.04 Fuel price levels Retail diesel fuel prices (US cents per liter), 2004 Source: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, International Fuel Prices 2005

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Pillar 11: Human resources

Pillar 12: National tourism perception

11.01 Primary education enrollment Gross primary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available According to the World Bank, the gross primary enrollment rate

12.01 Tourism openness Tourism expenditures and receipts as a percentage of GDP, 2004

is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary education level. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Source: UNESCO, Institute for Statistics

11.02 Secondary education enrollment Gross secondary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available According to the World Bank, the gross secondary enrollment rate is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the secondary education level. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- and skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. Source: UNESCO, Institute for Statics; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version); national sources

11.08 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years, 2003 or most recent year available Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006; national sources

11.09 Malaria incidence Malaria cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 or most recent year available Source: World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, World Malaria Report 2005; WHO Regional Offices; UNFPA, State of World Population 2005; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 Online Database (August 2006); UNDP, Human Development Report 2006; national sources 11.10 Tuberculosis incidence Tuberculosis cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006, Global Report 2006; national sources

11.11 Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years), 2004 Source: World Health Organization, World Health Report 2006; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 Online Database (August 2006); national sources

The ratio of the sum of international tourism expenditures and receipts to GDP. International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. International tourism receipts are expenditures of international inbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport.

Technical Notes and Sources

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Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 Online Database (August 2006)

Pillar 13: Natural and cultural resources 13.01 Number of World Heritage sites Number of World Heritage sites in the country, July 2006 Source: UNESCO, World Heritage Centre

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage Carbon dioxide damage as a percentage of GNI, 2004 Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 US dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 Online Database (August 2006)

13.03 Nationally protected areas Nationally protected areas as a percentage of total land area, 2004 According to the World Bank, nationally protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as scientific reserves with limited public access, national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries, and protected landscapes. Marine areas, unclassified areas, and litoral (intertidal) areas are not included. The data also do not include sites protected under local or provincial law. Total land area is used to calculate the percentage of total area protected. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version); national sources

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever Average of the malaria risk index and yellow fever risk index, 2006 Risk for both diseases is ranked on a 0-to-4 scale by the World Health Organization, where 0 equals no risk and 4 equals high risk. Malaria risk is calculated by multiplying the recommended prevention level by the risk area (as a percentage of total land area). Yellow fever risk is given as the recommended vaccination level against yellow fever. This variable represents the average risk of malaria and yellow fever in the country. Source: World Economic Forum calculation based on World Health Organization, International Travel and Health 2006.

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About the Authors

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About the Authors

Jennifer Blanke Jennifer Blanke is Associate Principal and Senior Economist with the Global Competitiveness Network at the World Economic Forum. She has written and lectured extensively on issues related to national competitiveness. Previously, from 1998 to 2001, she was Senior Programme Manager responsible for developing the Business, Management and Technology section of the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos. Before joining the Forum, Dr Blanke worked for a number of years as a Management Consultant for Eurogroup, Mazars Group in Paris, France, where she specialized in banking and financial market organization. Blanke obtained a Master’s of International Affairs from Columbia University and an MA and a PhD in International Economics from the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva). Thea Chiesa Thea Chiesa is Associate Director and Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism at the World Economic Forum. She has a background in business development and strategic planning in the Aerospace/Telecom industry, having spent nine years working with Telespazio both as part of Telecom Italia and Finmeccanica. At the Forum she has developed an expertise in the Travel & Tourism industry, having headed the community for four years. Coupled with her background in advanced communications systems, Ms Chiesa has developed a passion for the Travel & Tourism industry, and she is currently working with key government and industry leaders in developing strategies and implementing innovative projects in the field of T&T competitiveness and traveler information-sharing as well as rebranding campaigns. Ms Chiesa has a BSc in Management from Boston College and a Master’s in International Relations from Boston University. She is currently a World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellow. Brad Corrodi Brad Corrodi is Managing Partner at Rosetta Marketing Group, where he is responsible for Travel and Leisure industries. Rosetta’s work in the travel industry has been primarily in “noncommodity” sectors such as Tours, Cruises and Hospitality, where its quantitatively derived consumer segmentation and merchandising techniques have demonstrated the greatest impact on marketing and sales effectiveness. Mr Corrodi has been helping leading travel companies anticipate and respond to the turbulent, dynamic evolution of the industry for nearly 20 years. Previously, during his 12 years as a strategy consultant with Booz Allen Hamilton, he worked with leading airlines, GDSs, cruise lines, agencies, hospitality companies, operators, and retailers on a wide range of commercial

issues. He also consulted to governments in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia on aviation, airport, and tourism policy. Mr Corrodi’s passion for the travel industry was ignited when working for Trans World Airlines, where he was part of the team that restructured and revitalized the TWA Getaway Vacations brand, creating flexible-itinerary packages with “live” scheduled flights to Florida and Hawaii following the sharp decline in trans-Atlantic traffic in 1986. Mr Corrodi earned his MBA with a concentration in Marketing from the Wharton School of Business, where he received a Dean’s Award of Excellence. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Yale University. John Elkins John Elkins is Executive Vice President of Visa International, a post he has held since he joined the firm in 2003. Mr Elkins oversees worldwide strategic brand planning and research, formulates innovative global strategic marketing partnerships and alliances, coordinates both internal and external corporate communications worldwide, and is responsible for managing Visa’s global corporate reputation. Mr Elkins is an active participant in the global regulatory environment for payment systems and has played a leading role in various regulatory efforts—both regional and country-specific. He has coordinated Visa International’s brand, marketing partnerships, sponsorship, and corporate relations groups to drive business among Visa’s merchant community and deepen cardholder loyalty. At the same time, Mr Elkins has been instrumental in forming strategic partnerships vital to Visa’s ongoing corporate reputation. These relationships include work with the United Nations to develop microfinance activities in developing markets, as well as the creation of a multi-year agreement with the International Finance Corporation (World Bank) to help educate and develop credit bureaus in more than 30 emerging markets. Prior to joining Visa International, Mr Elkins was Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer of FutureBrand, a leading global brand consulting firm and a division of the Interpublic Group. He was responsible for the worldwide management of the firm, directing client accounts and growing the firm across 19 countries. From 1991 to 1999, Mr Elkins was Chief Executive Officer of the Naisbitt Group, where he led the worldwide expansion of the firm, specializing in future strategy consulting and contributing to its many publications, including Megatrends, which was published in 32 countries and was the Number One bestseller in the United States, Japan, and Germany. Mr Elkins has a BEd from the University of Exeter, England, and an MSc from the University of Oregon.

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Maurice Flanagan Maurice Flanagan is Executive Vice Chairman, Emirates Airline & Group. Mr Flanagan Joined BOAC (the predecessor of British Airways) in 1953 as a trainee after commissioned service in the Royal Air Force as a navigator. He worked in a variety of posts worldwide, and returned to the United Kingdom in 1965 as a Route Planning Manager. He became a member of British Airways’ senior management in 1974. In 1978, Mr Flanagan left British Airways to become Managing Director of Dnata, of the government of Dubai, and then of Emirates when the airline was launched in 1985. He was made CBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List in 2000 in recognition of his contribution to community relations in the United Arab Emirates and for services to aviation. Flanagan holds a Bachelor of Arts, is an Hon. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport. Stephan Gross Stephan Gross is a Senior Associate in Booz Allen Hamilton’s Munich office. Since joining the firm in 1999, he has been particularly active in top management consulting for clients in the aviation and logistics industry around the globe, especially on strategic assignments, such as re-organization, operational improvement, and turnaround projects. Dr Gross has worked particularly with clients in Europe and the Middle East on regulatory issues related to strategic transformation and privatization projects to support the competitiveness of state-owned incumbents in liberalized markets. Prior to joining Booz Allen Hamilton, he worked for a New Zealand-based merchant bank as an analyst in the corporate finance division with a focus on the Australasian infrastructure and utility sector. There he was responsible for evaluating publicly traded shares and was involved in due diligence work as a basis for bids on Australian airport privatizations. Dr Gross holds a BSc (Honors) from Northeastern University in Boston, an MBA from the University of Reutlingen in Germany, and a PhD from the University of Leipzig, Germany, where he focused on the impact of vertical and horizontal integration of publicly listed corporations. Thierry Geiger Thierry Geiger is an Economist with the Global Competitiveness Network at the World Economic Forum. His responsibilities include construction and computation of a range of indexes as well as data analysis for various projects and studies. His main areas of expertise are econometrics and international trade. Mr Geiger holds a BA in Economics from the University of Geneva with a specialization in monetary and financial economics, and an MA in Economics from the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver. Prior to joining the Forum, he completed several internships, notably at the World Trade Organization, Caterpillar Inc., and leading banks. During his studies, he was a Member of the Board of Junior Entreprise Genève. He is also Co-founder of Procab Studio S.A., an IT company based in Geneva. John Kester John Kester is Chief of the Market Intelligence & Promotion Department at the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), where he has worked since 1999. He is involved in the preparation of the yearly Tourism Market Trends series of regional reports, and has contributed to

several occasional documents such as the report Tourism Generating Markets: Overview and Country Profiles and various reports prepared by UNWTO in the framework of the Tourism Recovery Committee. He has also been in charge of the final editing of the various volumes of the UNWTO’s long-term forecast study Tourism 2020 Vision. Since its inception in 2003, he has been involved in the development of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, a publication aimed at monitoring the short-term evolution of tourism, issued three times a year. He also regularly collaborates on the preparation of news releases, as well as on the Facts & Figures section of the UNWTO website. Previously, Mr Kester worked in the UNWTO at the Statistics, Economic Analysis and Market Research section. Before joining the UNWTO he worked for seven years at Statistics Netherlands as a researcher in the field of socio-cultural statistics. Mr Kester graduated in Social Science with a specialization in research methodology and data analysis from the University of Leiden (the Netherlands). Geoffrey Lipman Geoffrey Lipman is Assistant Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). He is Chair of Green Globe 21, the responsible/sustainable tourism group, and of Green Global Village (GGV), its consultancy arm. He is President of the International Council of Tourism Partners (ICTP)—a platform connecting socially responsible tourism organizations and people, a Board Member of the Armstrong Hospitality Group (Canada) and Senior Tourism Research Fellow at George Washington University in the United States. Mr Lipman was the first President of the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), the global business leaders’ forum. Between 1990 and 1999, he shaped the WTTC’s agenda during its growth from 10 to 100 members and the positioning of Travel & Tourism as the world’s largest industry, as well as its Millennium Vision for open markets, elimination of barriers, and sustainable development. Prior to this he spent 20 years with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) as Executive Director and Head of Government Affairs. Mr Lipman has written and lectured around the world on tourism strategy, sustainability, and airline liberalization, has co-authored books on opening up European aviation and established a Think Tank on Free Trade in the Air. He has been a member of two European Union High Level Commissions—on Airline Liberalization and on Tourism Employment—as well as a member of the UK Roundtable on Sustainable Development. Samer Majali Samer Majali has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Royal Jordanian Airlines since 2001 and was appointed Vice-Chairman in 2003. Mr Majali’s career at Royal Jordanian, spanning over 25 years, has seen him heading a broad spectrum of departments including Corporate and Fleet Planning, Information Systems, Operations Control, and Airport Services. He has returned Royal Jordanian to profitability, and the airline was recently the first in the Middle East to be invited to membership of one of the three global airline alliances. Mr Majali is a member of the Jordanian National Council for Tourism and sits on the Board of Trustees of the Jordan River Foundation and on the Board of the King Hussein Cancer Foundation. Mr Majali has served as

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President of the Arab Air Carriers Organization and is currently a Member of the IATA Board of Governors. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and holds an MSc in Air Transport Management from Cranfield. Richard R. Miller Richard R. Miller is Executive Vice President at the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). From its inception in 1991, he has played a principal role in shaping and directing the organization, policy agenda, research program, communications, and membership services for the WTTC. Mr Miller currently directs the Travel & Tourism Satellite Accounting Research Program, a research partnership with Oxford Economic Forecasting (OEF) to operationalize and implement the new international standard for Travel & Tourism economics. This effort is designed to help countries fulfill the United Nations’ call for Travel & Tourism Satellite Accounting and provide both the public and private sectors with vital economic information for intelligent policy and business decisions. In his 17 years with the WTTC, Mr Miller has traveled worldwide speaking on the topic of Travel & Tourism economics. He has produced more than one hundred research reports focused on the economics of Travel & Tourism. Prior to joining the WTTC, Mr Miller served as management consultant with Deloitte & Touche in New York. As a member of the firm’s Travel & Leisure Industry practice, Mr Miller directed a number of Travel & Tourism consulting projects, including the Strategic Plan for Tourism for the State of Hawaii, the feasibility study for Chicago’s new Cominski Park, a strategic industry assessment for computer-maker Unisys, and a competitive analysis of JFK Airport. Mr Miller has a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Southern Methodist University in Dallas and a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the University of Oklahoma. Marilyn Carlson Nelson Marilyn Carlson Nelson is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Carlson. Forbes magazine has regularly selected Ms Nelson as one of “The World’s 100 Most Powerful Women.” She is on the World Economic Forum’s International Business Council, and in 2004 she cochaired the Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. She recently completed a presidential appointment as Chair of the National Women’s Business Council, an advisory council to the President and Congress of the United States, and is currently Vice Chair of the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board. She recently received the National Business Travel Association’s highest honor—the Icon Award—for a career of leadership in the business travel industry. In October 2006, H.E. Jean-David Levitte, French Ambassador to the United States, presented Ms Nelson with a French national honor created by Napoleon Bonaparte: Chevalier (Knight) in the French Légion d’Honneur. Ms Nelson was also named one of “America’s Best Leaders” by U.S. News and World Report. She is a past national chair of the Travel Industry Association of America, has served as a delegate to the White House Conference on Tourism, and was on the Board of the U.S. National Tourism Organization. She is currently on the Singapore Tourism Board. Outside her industry Ms Nelson serves on the boards of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the Mayo Clinic Foundation, and the Committee to Encourage Corporate Philanthropy.

Brian Pearce Brian Pearce is Chief Economist of International Air Transport Association (IATA). An economist with over 20 years of international experience in several industries, he was formerly Head of Global Economic Research at UBS Warburg and Chief Economist at Ernst & Young. Prior to joining IATA, Mr Pearce was involved in the UK Air Transport White Paper and in the discussion and design of policies to influence aviation’s impact on the environment. He also advised on the financial sector’s role in promoting good corporate governance and responsibility, and directed the initiative launched by the UK Prime Minister at the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Before that he was Head of Global Economic Research at the investment bank SBC Warburg (now UBS), in Tokyo and then London. During this time he published extensively on international financial and economic issues and advised private and public sector clients in over 20 countries. As Chief Economist at Ernst & Young’s economic forecasting consultancy, the ITEM Club, he worked with the UK Treasury’s and other econometric models to analyze public policy and forecast global economic prospects. He was frequently called on by television, radio and the press to comment on government economic policy. Jürgen Ringbeck Jürgen Ringbeck is a Senior Partner, Senior Vice President, and a Member of the Board of Directors of Booz Allen Hamilton based in Düsseldorf. He heads the Global Commercial Transportation Practice, the group that includes all Booz Allen Hamilton’s consulting activities in the transportation industries, such as airlines, tourism operators, postal and logistics companies, and railways. Before becoming Partner of Booz Allen Hamilton, Dr Ringbeck was Partner of McKinsey & Company, where he was Co-leader of the Transportation Group. In total he has more than 18 years in top-level management consulting. Dr Ringbeck holds a Diploma in Mathematics from the University of Münster and a PhD in Economics from the University of Osnabrück. Before starting his career as a Management Consultant, he worked as a University Assistant and Guest Professor at the University of Toronto. Dr Ringbeck is author of several business books (including the US business bestseller Do IT Smart) and numerous publications in business strategy and IT management. He has also received several awards for his work from major institutions, including the Marketing Science Institute (Cambridge USA). Geoffrey Weston Geoffrey Weston currently holds the post of Vice President Cargo at Royal Jordanian Airlines. He joined the airline in 2004 as Head of Planning and Network Development. Prior to his work at Royal Jordanian, Mr Weston spent over 10 years as a strategy consultant and interim manager. He worked for many years at Bain & Company in their Latin American practice, based in Mexico City. Mr Weston holds a degree from Oxford University.

About the Authors

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The World Economic Forum would like to thank the following organizations for their invaluable support of this Report.

Acknowledgments

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Bombardier’s mission is to be the world’s leading manufacturer of planes and trains. Bombardier is committed to providing superior value and service to its customers and sustained profitability to its shareholders by investing in its people and products. Bombardier leads through innovation and outstanding product safety, efficiency, and performance. Its standards are high. Bombardier defines excellence—and it delivers. Bombardier Inc. is a global corporation headquartered in Canada. Revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006, were US$14.7 billion; shares are traded on the Toronto stock exchange (BBD).

Booz Allen Hamilton has been at the forefront of management consulting for businesses and governments for more than 90 years. Providing consulting services in strategy, operations, organization and change and information technology, Booz Allen is the one firm that helps clients solve their toughest problems, working by their side to help them achieve their missions. Booz Allen is committed to delivering results that endure. With more than 18,000 employees on six continents, the firm generates annual sales of over US$3.7 billion. Booz Allen has been recognized as a consultant and employer of choice. In 2005 and in 2006, Fortune magazine named Booz Allen one of “The 100 Best Companies to Work For,” and for the past eight years, Working Mother magazine has ranked the firm among its “100 Best Companies for Working Mothers.” To learn more about the firm, visit Booz Allen’s web site at www.boozallen.com. To learn more about the best ideas in business, visit www.strategy-business.com, the web site for strategy+business, a quarterly journal sponsored by Booz Allen.

Carlson is a global leader in the hotel, restaurant, business and leisure travel, and marketing industries. Among the names in the Carlson family of brands and services are: Regent International Hotels®, Radisson Hotels & Resorts®, Park Plaza Hotels & Resorts, Country Inn & Suites By Carlson, Park Inn® hotels, Regent Seven Seas Cruises®, T.G.I. Friday’s® and Pick Up Stix® restaurants, Carlson Wagonlit Travel, Cruise Holidays, All Aboard Travel, Cruise Specialists, Fly4less.com, Cruise Deals.com, Results Travel, Carlson Destination Marketing Services, Carlson Leisure Travel Services, SeaMaster Cruises®, SinglesCruise.com, CW Government Travel, Carlson Marketing®, Peppers & Rogers Group®, and Gold Points Reward Network®. Based in Minneapolis, Carlson’s brands and services employ about 190,000 people in more than 150 countries. Visit our website at www.carlson.com.

Emirates Airline & Group operates 101 wide-bodied aircraft (including 9 freighters) to 87 international destinations. The fleet will expand to over 150 aircraft by 2012, and will include 43 A380s—the largest order for this aircraft placed by any airline. Although owned by the government of Dubai, Emirates receives no subsidy of any kind and no protection against competition in its home market. As well as Emirates and Dnata, the Group includes the tour operator Emirates Holidays; the Dubai destination management company Arabian Adventures; the conservation-based Emirates Al Maha Desert Resort; and Mercator, an air transport and travel software business. Dnata’s original airport handling and travel agency businesses continue to flourish. The Group, which has 26,900 staff, has a 43.6 percent equity stake in Sri Lankan Airlines, with a management contract. Dnata is the largest and most influential non-airline travel business in the Middle East and West Asia region, providing all ramp, cargo, and passenger handling at Dubai International Airport; ground handling operations in Singapore; and joint ventures at airports in Pakistan, Iran, Sudan, and the Philippines. Dnata also has a travel agency division supplying wholesale and retail travel products and travel-related computer services.

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Acknowledgments

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The International Air Transport Association (IATA), founded in April 1945, is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure, and economical air services. Today IATA represents 250 airlines comprising 94 percent of international scheduled air traffic.

Qatar Airways is one of the world’s fastest-growing airlines, achieving unprecedented growth averaging 35 percent year on year. It relaunched in 1997 under the guidance and vision of His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, whose mandate was clear—to create a premium quality airline that would excel in service and set industry standards, which others could only admire with envy. Qatar Airways excels in leadership and innovation—it was the first in the world to pass the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Operational Safety Audit with a maximum 100 percent compliance in 2003. Ten years on, under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Akbar Al Baker, Qatar Airways has developed into an award-winning business, achieving a Five Star ranking for superior levels of service both in the air and on the ground. Today, Qatar Airways operates more than 70 scheduled routes worldwide with a modern fleet of more than 50 all-Airbus aircraft.

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Royal Jordanian Airlines was established in 1963 upon the initiative of his late Majesty King Hussein, and has been flying continuously ever since. With a fleet of 25 aircraft, Royal Jordanian flies to over 50 destinations, serving the widest network of international airports in the Middle East and Arab World of any airline. Based in Amman, the airline also serves Europe, Asia, and the United States. With three destinations in the United States, Royal Jordanian also has the most extensive coverage of the United States of any Middle Eastern airline. It was the first airline in the Middle East invited to join one of the three global airline alliances, and will become part of oneworld in early 2007. Restructured over the past few years, Royal Jordanian operates as a public shareholding company with no support (direct or indirect) from the Jordanian government. It is on track for privatization of the core business in 2007, with most of the auxiliary businesses already spun off successfully. Royal Jordanian has generated a net profit since 2004. Its recent strategy has created a strong regional network, which supports His Majesty King Abdullah’s vision of Amman positioning itself as a regional hub.

Silversea is a cruise company reflecting generations of maritime and travel experience. In the early 1990s, the Lefebvre family of Rome, former owners of Sitmar Cruises, conceived and organized a unique cruise company pledging to build and operate the highest-quality ships in the ultra-luxury segment. Silversea launched its first ship, Silver Cloud, in 1994, followed by Silver Wind in 1995, Silver Shadow in 2000, and the newest ship, Silver Whisper in 2001. The fleet was purpose-built for the ultra-luxury market, establishing a new class of smaller, intimate vessels that could slip into more exotic ports off the beaten path. These elite vessels were specifically designed for fewer guests, more space, and the highest levels of personalized service, delivered by Italian officers and European staff. Taking the company into the future is Albert Peter, Silversea’s Chief Executive Officer. Since taking the leadership reins in June 2001, Mr. Peter has steered the company to a steady course of high customer satisfaction, financial stability, and new product innovation.

Swiss International Air Lines is Switzerland’s national airline, serving 69 destinations around the world from its Zurich hub and from Basel and Geneva international airports. Operating a fleet of 69 aircraft, SWISS is a key player within the Lufthansa Group and the global Star Alliance. SWISS will remain true to its mission of providing quality air services that link Switzerland with Europe and the world. People who fly with SWISS should always feel at home. And, with its core values of “personal care,” “Swiss hospitality,” and “quality down to the finest detail,” SWISS will continue to maintain its high market profile as Switzerland’s national airline, committed at all times to providing first-class service on board and on the ground.

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The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the specialized agency of the United Nations in the field of tourism and the leading international organization for the sector. The UNWTO serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and practical source of tourism know-how. In the year 2006, UNWTO celebrated a twofold anniversary: 60 years of international work in favor of tourism, travel, and development, and its 30th anniversary in Spain. The organization plays a central role within the UN System in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals. The UNWTO encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member countries, tourist destinations, and businesses maximize the positive economic, social, and cultural effects of tourism and fully reap its benefits, while minimizing its negative social and environmental impacts. In 2007, the UNWTO’s membership is comprised of 150 countries, 7 territories, and more than 300 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations, local tourism authorities, and civil society.

Acknowledgments

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Visa is a private, membership association jointly owned by more than 20,000 member financial institutions around the world. The organization is dedicated to connecting those members, their cardholders, and their merchant clients through the world’s largest electronic payments network. Visa products allow buyers and sellers to conduct commerce with ease and confidence in both the physical and virtual worlds. And, with 1.46 billion cards in circulation that generate more than US$4.3 trillion in global sales, as well as unsurpassed acceptance in more than 170 countries and more than 24 million locations worldwide, the reach and popularity of Visa-branded cards is nearly universal. Visa is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and has six regions and a corporate headquarters. For more information, visit www.corporate.visa.com.

461 The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is the global business leaders’ forum for Travel & Tourism. Its Members are the Chairmen and Chief Executives of 100 of the world’s foremost organizations, representing all regions of the world and all sectors of the industry. Travel & Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries, employing approximately 230 million people and generating over 10 percent of world GDP. As the voice of the global private sector, WTTC works together with governments to raise awareness of the economic and social importance of our industry across the world. WTTC’s extensive economic research—Tourism Satellite Accounting—provides public and private sector decision makers with estimates and forecasts for the direct and indirect impacts of Travel & Tourism activity. The research identifies Travel & Tourism’s contribution to capital investment, exports, gross domestic product, and jobs for more than 174 countries across the world.

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