Transportation Sector India
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Transportation Sector in India Group-3
•Ashish Baijal (3) •Mihir Jana (14) •Sorabh Marwah (25) •Ritambhar Roy (38) •Sandeep Sreenivasa (50)
History
16th century: Sher Shah Suri, commissioned the Grand Trunk Road .
British India Era: infrastructure focused on colonial requirements.
1853: Boribunder to Thane. Lobbied by mill owners in Lancashire.
Railway Network: 0 km in 1850 to 10,500 km by 1875
Independent India: Top down infrastructure vision. Government trying to prove to the world what India was capable of. 1950-70: traffic increased thirty fold, road length went up only five times. Rail network increased – 0.5% in 1950s, barely detectable growth of 0.2% in 1960s, 70s. 6th Five year plan: ‘power, coal, and transport plan. 750 km Konkan railway: First major project since British left. Unstable Governments => Infrastructure investment - lose-lose option. Vajpayee’s Government - made infrastructure politically fashionable.
2009
1947
1500
Profile
Source: Planning Commission, 10th five year plan
Comprehending Transport
Difficult to comprehend the significance of transport.
Problems in the power or water, immediately visible
Lights go off or taps run dry –the public immediately knows – medical analogy is a heart attack
Transport sector grinds to a halt slowly –like lung disease –slowly crippling the body
Public comes to accept poor transport as a way of life –the economy runs slow, quality of life bad, people die in accidents.
Road
NHDP
NHDP-1 Golden Quadrilateral5846 km
NHDP-2 North-South, EastWest Corridor, 7300 km.
NHDP-3 km of NHs.
Upgrade 12,109
NHDP-1
Golden Quadrilateral, 5846 km
NHDP-2
North South, East-West Corridor, 7300 km
NHDP-3
Upgrade 12,109 km of NHs.
NHDP-4
2 laning of remaining roads.
NHDP-5
6 laning of selected roads
NHDP-6
Chennai-Bangalore, Kolkata-Dhanbad Expressway.
NHDP-4 2 laning of remaining roads
NHDP-5 roads
NHDP-6 ChennaiBangalore, Kolkata-Dhanbad Expressway.
Expressways
NHDP-7 Separators
Ganga Expressway
NHDP-7
Ring Roads, Grade Separators
6 laning of selected
Ring Roads, Grade
Shimla-Chandigarh Expressway
Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor.
Railways One of the longest network in the world – 63,327 km, 6300 stations.
Daily
18 million passengers. 2 tonnes of freight.
RORO(Roll On Roll Off) service: road-rail synergy.
Tariff policies: overcharge freight to subsidize passenger travel
Konkan Railway. Major project after independence.
Kashmir Railway – second highest in the world. Mumbai- Delhi, MumbaiHowrah Rail Corridor.
Intra-City: Public Transport Bus • 90 % of public transport • Low floor A/C buses (Volvo, Marco Polo) – 2006 in Bangalore. • Bus Rapid Transit System – Delhi, Pune.
Train • Metro: Kolkata, Delhi • Suburban trains: Mumbai, Chennai.
Water and Sea Main Gateway are 12 Major Ports
Share of Indian Trade 95% by quantity. And 77% by value.
Traffic Inland water way
Before liberalization about 165 (1991) vs 520 (2004) million tons navigable length is 14,500 km
Under developed. Total Cargo movement is just 0.1%, compared to 21% in US
Aviation
PPP Model, Green field airportsBangalore, Hyderabad.
Airlines connect more than 80 cities.
System remains untapped.
Around 90 million passengers annually.
Equal to Railways in 5 days.
Privatization of Delhi and Mumbai Airports
Mumbai-Delhi air corridor, ranked 6th busiest routes
Institutional Arrangement
Source: ADB - Indian transport profile
Share of Transport Sector Year
Share of Transport in Overall GDP(%)
Share of Transport in Total Expenditure (%)
1999–2000
5.7
3.2
2000–2001
5.8
4.5
2001–2002
5.8
4.8
2002–2003
6
4.1
2003–2004
6.2
3.9
2004–2005
6.4
4.2
Comparison with China Units
INDIA
CHINA
Length of Roads
Km.
3,516,452
3,300,000
Main Roads
Km.
666,452
770,265
Highways
Km.
66,590
130,000
Expressways
Km.
200
60,300
Rail Track Length
Km.
63,327
76,000
No. of Ports
197
2000
Major
12
130
3
1
Airports
80
467
International
11
40
Turnaround time
Days
PPP model, IIFCL
Role of IIFCL IIFCL is a SPV to provide long term finance to infrastructure projects
Overriding priority to PPP projects Finance projects in sectors like roads, airports, ports, power, urban infrastructure etc
Way Forward Expanding Construction Capacity Construction industry capacity already overstretched – quality, price affected
Improving Contract Management On average publicly financed road construction contracts suffering 35% cost over-runs Poor quality of designs and site investigations. Land acquisition.
Accountability/Transparency. Media must do its part to increase the accountability of public institutions, examples:
Report cards on delivery of services by PWDs
New programs/projects public consultations
Performance statistics, e.g. road accidents by public transport buses
Regular columns responding to citizens queries about transport
References
Thank You for Your Attention!
•Ashish Baijal (3) •Mihir Jana (14) •Sorabh Marwah (25) •Ritambhar Roy (38) •Sandeep Sreenivasa (50)
History
16th century: Sher Shah Suri, commissioned the Grand Trunk Road .
British India Era: infrastructure focused on colonial requirements.
1853: Boribunder to Thane. Lobbied by mill owners in Lancashire.
Railway Network: 0 km in 1850 to 10,500 km by 1875
Independent India: Top down infrastructure vision. Government trying to prove to the world what India was capable of. 1950-70: traffic increased thirty fold, road length went up only five times. Rail network increased – 0.5% in 1950s, barely detectable growth of 0.2% in 1960s, 70s. 6th Five year plan: ‘power, coal, and transport plan. 750 km Konkan railway: First major project since British left. Unstable Governments => Infrastructure investment - lose-lose option. Vajpayee’s Government - made infrastructure politically fashionable.
2009
1947
1500
Profile
Source: Planning Commission, 10th five year plan
Comprehending Transport
Difficult to comprehend the significance of transport.
Problems in the power or water, immediately visible
Lights go off or taps run dry –the public immediately knows – medical analogy is a heart attack
Transport sector grinds to a halt slowly –like lung disease –slowly crippling the body
Public comes to accept poor transport as a way of life –the economy runs slow, quality of life bad, people die in accidents.
Road
NHDP
NHDP-1 Golden Quadrilateral5846 km
NHDP-2 North-South, EastWest Corridor, 7300 km.
NHDP-3 km of NHs.
Upgrade 12,109
NHDP-1
Golden Quadrilateral, 5846 km
NHDP-2
North South, East-West Corridor, 7300 km
NHDP-3
Upgrade 12,109 km of NHs.
NHDP-4
2 laning of remaining roads.
NHDP-5
6 laning of selected roads
NHDP-6
Chennai-Bangalore, Kolkata-Dhanbad Expressway.
NHDP-4 2 laning of remaining roads
NHDP-5 roads
NHDP-6 ChennaiBangalore, Kolkata-Dhanbad Expressway.
Expressways
NHDP-7 Separators
Ganga Expressway
NHDP-7
Ring Roads, Grade Separators
6 laning of selected
Ring Roads, Grade
Shimla-Chandigarh Expressway
Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor.
Railways One of the longest network in the world – 63,327 km, 6300 stations.
Daily
18 million passengers. 2 tonnes of freight.
RORO(Roll On Roll Off) service: road-rail synergy.
Tariff policies: overcharge freight to subsidize passenger travel
Konkan Railway. Major project after independence.
Kashmir Railway – second highest in the world. Mumbai- Delhi, MumbaiHowrah Rail Corridor.
Intra-City: Public Transport Bus • 90 % of public transport • Low floor A/C buses (Volvo, Marco Polo) – 2006 in Bangalore. • Bus Rapid Transit System – Delhi, Pune.
Train • Metro: Kolkata, Delhi • Suburban trains: Mumbai, Chennai.
Water and Sea Main Gateway are 12 Major Ports
Share of Indian Trade 95% by quantity. And 77% by value.
Traffic Inland water way
Before liberalization about 165 (1991) vs 520 (2004) million tons navigable length is 14,500 km
Under developed. Total Cargo movement is just 0.1%, compared to 21% in US
Aviation
PPP Model, Green field airportsBangalore, Hyderabad.
Airlines connect more than 80 cities.
System remains untapped.
Around 90 million passengers annually.
Equal to Railways in 5 days.
Privatization of Delhi and Mumbai Airports
Mumbai-Delhi air corridor, ranked 6th busiest routes
Institutional Arrangement
Source: ADB - Indian transport profile
Share of Transport Sector Year
Share of Transport in Overall GDP(%)
Share of Transport in Total Expenditure (%)
1999–2000
5.7
3.2
2000–2001
5.8
4.5
2001–2002
5.8
4.8
2002–2003
6
4.1
2003–2004
6.2
3.9
2004–2005
6.4
4.2
Comparison with China Units
INDIA
CHINA
Length of Roads
Km.
3,516,452
3,300,000
Main Roads
Km.
666,452
770,265
Highways
Km.
66,590
130,000
Expressways
Km.
200
60,300
Rail Track Length
Km.
63,327
76,000
No. of Ports
197
2000
Major
12
130
3
1
Airports
80
467
International
11
40
Turnaround time
Days
PPP model, IIFCL
Role of IIFCL IIFCL is a SPV to provide long term finance to infrastructure projects
Overriding priority to PPP projects Finance projects in sectors like roads, airports, ports, power, urban infrastructure etc
Way Forward Expanding Construction Capacity Construction industry capacity already overstretched – quality, price affected
Improving Contract Management On average publicly financed road construction contracts suffering 35% cost over-runs Poor quality of designs and site investigations. Land acquisition.
Accountability/Transparency. Media must do its part to increase the accountability of public institutions, examples:
Report cards on delivery of services by PWDs
New programs/projects public consultations
Performance statistics, e.g. road accidents by public transport buses
Regular columns responding to citizens queries about transport
References
Thank You for Your Attention!
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