Tool Box Subjects

TOOL BOX TALK SUBJECTS 01

HSE POLICY

02

SAFETY

03

HSE RULES

04

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

05

HAZARD IN CARPENTRY SHOP

06

MATERIAL HANDLING BY MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

07

H2S

08

NO SMOKING

09

JOURNEY PLAN & ITS ADVANTAGES

10

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USE AND CARE

11

HOUSE KEEPING

12

CONCRETING (PREPARATION AND POURING OF CONCRETE)

13

STORAGE OF MATERIALS

14

GAS WELDING/CUTTING

15

ELECTRIC ARC WELDING

16

SCAFFOLDING

17

BAR CUTTING AND BENDING

18

BAR FIXING AND FORM WORK

19

ABRASIVE BLASTING

20

PAINTING

21

GRINDING

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22

SAFETY IN USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

23

WASTE MANAGEMENT

24

WOOD WORKING MACHINE

25

WORKING AT HEIGHT

26

LIFTING GEARS

27

VEHICLE REPAIRING AND SERVICING

28

HYDROTESTING

29

HEALTH HAZARDS AND PRECAUTION

30

EXCAVATION

31

SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

32

FIRE, FIRE PREVENTION, DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR USE.

33

WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENT

34

KITCHEN SAFETY

35

HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIAL

36

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE FOR H2S

37

HAND TOOLS

38

WORKING IN HYDROCARBON AREAS

39

NEARMISS REPORTS ITS ADVANTAGES

40

SITE SECURITY

41

WORKING WITH HEAVY PLANT

42

CLEAN UP OIL SPILLS

43

ROAD CROSSING/ ROAD WORKS

44

ELECTRICAL WORKS

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45

ASPHALTING OF ROADS

46

LOADING AND UNLOADING OF LOADS FROM TRAILERS AND LORRIES

47

LAYING OF H.V CABLE

48

LEAK REPAIRS

49

TRANSPORTATION OF LOADS

50

FIRST AID

51

WORK PERMIT

52

WORKING IN CONFINED SPACE

53

TRANSPORTATION OF HEAVY PLANT & EQUIPMENT

54

WORKING NEAR OVERHEAD LINE

55

WORKINF IN L OIL AND GAS STATIONS

56

HYGIENE

57

SEAT BELTS

58

LADDERS

59

ROAD SAFETY

60

HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION OF GAS CYLINDERS

61

MANUAL HANDLING

62

FENCING

63

WORKING ON ROAD IN USE

64

CELLAR CLEANING

65

WORKING ON ROOF AND FRAGILE ROOF

66

AIR COMPRESSOR AND PNEUMATIC TOOLS

67

FORMAT FOR TOOL BOX MEETING

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01. 1

HSE POLICY What is HSE Policy? It is the statement issued by the most responsible person of the company (MD in Al Turki) to express the viewpoint of company top management towards HSE.

2

Why do we have HSE Policy? •

To make everyone inside as well as outside the company aware of the commitment of the company management towards HSE.

•

To provide firm guideline to everyone concerned as to how HSE has to be managed within the organization.

•

To convey everyone concerned that HSE has to be given the prime importance.

3

Explain HSE policy statement of ATE

4

What does the company expect from workman? They have to •

Follow safety rules and procedures (which will be explained to them from time to time by supervisors/HSE Advisor.)

• 02.

Bring to the attention of Sup. / HSE Advisor, any unsafe conditions/ unsafe acts observed by them. SAFETY •

Safety is being in a secured position all living being including human beings seek security naturally.

•

Any threat to safety is unwelcome by any living being.

•

In the advent of scientific and technological advancements threats to safety of human being is day by day increasing due to various activities performed by them. So there is basic necessity to find out ways and means to face/manage these treats, to ensure safety.

•

Particularly in the working environment, the employer has the moral and legal obligation of the ensuring the safety of all working for him.

•

All employees have the obligation of sticking to the safety rules and regulations as imposed by the employer. Page 4/66

SAFETY is being achieved by •

Preventing accidents by applying various Accident Prevention Techniques.

•

Preventing/minimizing injuries by providing various Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) which prevent/ minimize injuries even in case accident happens.

•

By ensuring availability of adequate first aid/ fire protection/ emergency handling facilities to minimize adverse effects due to accidents.

•

Formulating new safety measures as learnt from past accidents and implementing the same.

•

By creating safety culture among all the employees by proper training, communication and promotion of safety.

•

Threat to safety comes in the form of accidents.

•

All accidents are caused by human error.

•

People make mistakes because; • • •

• •

•

Of ignorance People forget things People tend to neglect things knowingly due to - Overconfidence - Laziness - Dislike etc. Correcting all the above require training and counseling. SAFETY is achieved by constant application of safety principles ACCEDENTS COST HUMAN LIFE HUMAN LIFE IS PRICELESS SAFETY PREVENTS ACCIDENTS SAFETY SAVES HUMAN LIVES NEVER RELEX ON SAFETY Always ensure the following at work site. •

That necessary work permit is obtained and followed.

•

Availability of all necessary PPE and usage of them.

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03

04

•

Availability of well maintained First Aid Box and First Aider(s).

•

That all necessary fire precaution is taken and fire extinguisher of appropriate type in good working condition is kept.

•

Know and make others know what is to be done in case of an emergency.

HSE RULES •

Rules are made after learning from past experience and accidents.

•

Rules are firm guidelines provided to all concerned with the view to prevent accidents and injuries.

•

Rules should not be seen as a burden. They are there only to help everyone to achieve safety. Everyone should follow safety rules always for our own benefit.

•

Explain Al Turki GENERAL SAFETY RULES FOR ALL EMPLOYESS (REF. ATE HSE MANUAL).

ACCIDENT PREVENTION ACCIDENT - is an unexpected, unplanned, unforeseen, unwanted event which has or which could have resulted in injury to persons or damage to property or both. Some fact about accidents -

Accidents do not just happen. They are caused.

-

Accidents bring loss.

-

There is a definite cause behind each and every accident, which can be found out by proper investigation.

-

Accidents are caused due to existence of unsafe conditions and unsafe acts committed by persons.

-

Applying appropriate accident prevention techniques, which include removal of unsafe conditions and unsafe acts, can prevent accidents.

-

All accidents are preventable.

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Effects of accidents Accidents cause: -

Loss of human lives and thus a lot of suffering to the family of the victim.

-

Injury and thus suffering to the victim including loss of income due to absence from work.

-

Damage to property

-

Production loss and other connected losses due to work stoppage after the accidents.

Thus there is need to prevent accidents due to humanitarian, economic and legal considerations. Methods: -

05

Identify the hazards present in all activities performed and their effects. Find out preventive actions required to manage these hazards. Make all the people concerned aware of the hazards in work they are performing and the precautions required. Carry out regular safety inspections to find out unsafe conditions in work place and unsafe acts committed by people while working. Rectify the defects found during inspections. Train all the people for safe working. HAZARD IN CARPENTRY SHOP HAZARDS: 1)

Defective tools: Hammer Mushroomed head, cracked handle, loose handle resulting injuries. Chisels Incorrect angle of sharpness, blunt chisel cause improper work and injury. Jackplane Incorrect angle of blade Screw-driver Cracked handle, warn out tip and bend rod cause slipping of screwdriver injuring the person. Saw Damage teeth and loose handle.

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2)

File

File without handle causes injury to palm.

Power tools

Defective power tools and damaged/loose cable connections cause electric shock.

Unguarded wood cutting machine: Person may come in contact with sharp edges of tool, saw blade. The wooden piece may fly off and hit personnel

3)

Projected nail and other wooden pieces cause injury.

4)

Saw dust cause respiratory problem.

5)

The wood/saw dust when exposed to ignition source cause fire.

PRECAUTION: 1)

Always check the tool for any defect before use. The defective tools should be returned to tool store for repairs/ rejection.

2)

The moving/ rotating parts should be fitted with proper guards.

3)

Use push rods while working on wood cutting machine.

4)

Use safety goggles, dust mask, shoes and helmet while working on wood cutting machine. No loose cloth or jewelry (ring, chain etc.) should be worn.

5)

Good cleaning and house keeping reduces the accidents.

6)

Do not store flammable material in carpentry shop.

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06

MATERIAL HANDLING BY MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDS: 1)

DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT

2)

INCOMPETENT OPERATOR

3)

KNOCKING OF PERSON AND ASSET

4)

FALL OF LOAD

PRECAUTION: 1

The forklift and crane should be checked for any defect and regularly serviced and maintained.

2

The lifting equipment should be tested and certified by competent person and should be valid.

3

The operator should be an authorized competent person

4

The lifting equipment should not be overloaded.

5

The operator should not have visual obstruction while operating the equipment.

6

Sufficient passage should be available for free movement of the machinery.

7

The forklift and crane should be run at safe speed.

8

Horseplay as riding, jumping on forklift, crane should not be permitted.

9

Care should be taken of overhead lines and assets around the area.

10

The mechanical conveyor should be guarded and movement of person near it should not be permitted.

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07

H2S H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide) is poisonous gas found in oil wells and gathering station of petroleum industry. It has smell of rotten egg and is heavier than air. The smell at higher concentration can not be detected due to damage to smelling organ of nose The effect of H2S is to paralyze the diaphragm responsible for breathing action of lugs thus causing asphyxiation of person. The TLV of H2S gas is 10-PPM .The H2S is flared up in atmosphere. PRECAUTION: -

08

1

The person required to work in H2S area should undergo training in H2S awareness and escape and should have valid H2S permit.

2

The tested H2S monitor should be carried while in H2S areas.

3

Do not enter in H2S area without permission.

4

The H2S gas is heavier than air and may collect in trenches or confined space; hence, H2S test should be performed before entering these areas.

5

In case of any detection gas, evacuate the area moving first across and then upwards to the direction of wind and report at assembly point, inform site in charge.

6

Do not try to repair the leak, or lift back any affected person from site. The emergency team of the site will do this.

NO SMOKING, ITS ADVANTAGES "SMOKING IS INJURIES TO HEALTH" is a very common slogan known to all, but even then large number of smokers through out the world. The smoking starts with curiosity and ends with hard habits. ADVANTAGES OF NO SMOKING :1

The working efficiency of respiratory system of human body does not decrease.

2

The chances of respiratory diseases are much reduced.

3

The possibility of mouth, throat and lung cancer is reduced.

4

Non-smokers have lower rate of heart attack.

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09

5

The non-smokers do not pollute the air, hence, is not a cause of health hazard for his family and companions.

6

No smoking eliminates the ignition source for any fire or explosion.

JOURNEY PLAN & ITS ADVANTAGES Journey Management is a procedure, which is used to reduce the risk and accidents during unavoidable road transport operation. Journey plan is a written document with details of timing and route of the journey including rest stops of the vehicle, driver and the passengers. Journey plan is prepared by the journey manager who plans, monitors and closes out the journey. ADVANTAGES OF JOURNEY PLAN: -

10

1.

Unnecessary journey are eliminated.

2.

The journey plan is discussed; hence, the driver is well aware of duties.

3.

Only suitable driver and vehicle is allowed to perform the journey.

4.

All the necessities of driver like food, water, money, accommodation, etc. are taken care during planning.

5.

The violation of mandatory requirement like R.O.P. License, Registration, PDO permit, etc. is eliminated.

6.

The temptation of over speeding by driver is reduced due to availability of sufficient time provided for the journey.

7.

The driver and journey manager are well aware of Emergency response and Man lost procedure, hence, the situation is always under control.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, ITS USE AND CARE It is the last line of defense. After exhausting all the necessary mechanical or physical precautions for given hazards, one must wear PPE as and when required.

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Heat Protection

:

To protect against head injury when you are exposed to being stuck/by falling/ flying objects. Chinstrap to be used especially for working at height. Hardhat should not be tempered with e.g. drilling holes. Do not use hardhat without suspenders.

Eye protection

:

Various activities require the eye protection, e.g. cutting, chipping, buffing, grinding, handling of chemicals, welding or cutting operation, painting etc. To be handled and stored so that the safety glasses/ goggles does get scratches for clear visibility.

Ear protection

:

Whenever high noise level is encountered during works (beyond 85 dB) appropriate ear protections should be worn.

(Respiratory Protection)

:

This is mainly against the hazard of dust and fumes to be worn.

Body Protection

:

Leather aprons, gloves for welding/ gas cutting works. Rubber/PVC aprons for handling corrosive, chemicals, acid, alkali, etc.

Hand Protection

:

Appropriate type of hand protection should be used. e.g. for handling metal, rods, bricks, blocks, timber etc., use cotton (heavy types hand gloves). For chemicals use correct type of gloves depending on chemicals properties.

Feet protection

:

Depending on the type of activity being carried out, use the feet protection e.g. safety shoes, gumboots, chemical resistant etc.

Safety Harness

:

You shall wear safety harness for protection against fall. Activity such as erection/ dismantling of scaffold, working on slopping roofs etc. Ensure that lifeline is fastened to a rigid support.

H2S Monitor & Escape Hood

:

Required to be carried while in working in H2S area and escape hood to be kept by the personnel close to its working place. Monitor to be carried out preferably in chest pocket.

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All these equipment should be checked before they are being carried to the work site for its proper condition. If it is found damaged return them to store for repair/ replacement. You take care of your PPE. It will take care of you. 11

HOUSE KEEPING HOUSE KEEPING IS; Taking care of your work area. ♦

•

•

•

•

♦

It means more than neatness

♦

Good Housekeeping calls for constant care. It is not one time affair.

BAD HOUSEKEEPING can be a cause of ACCIDENTS such as; -

Trips & Falls

-

Fire

-

Hitting against objects

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING is achieved by; ♦

Ensuring right place for everything.

♦

Ensuring that everything is in its place.

BENEFIT OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING ♦

Promotes safety by preventing accidental injuries and fire.

♦

Presents a pleasant atmosphere and thus enhances morale of people working.

♦

Make jobs easy by easy identification, placement and retrieval of materials.

H. K. MADE-EASY ♦

Make Housekeeping a part of your job - Important part of your job.

♦

Don’t treat it as separate job to be done at the end of each day.

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•

12

TIPS FOR GOOD HOUSEKEEPING ♦

Clean your tools and store them properly.

♦

Store rejected tools separately.

♦

Clean and maintain machinery properly.

♦

Store the material neatly and securely.

♦

Keep your work surroundings clean and neat.

♦

Always keep the gangway/walkways clear.

CONCRETING (PREPARATION AND POURING OF CONCRETE) HAZARDS & EFFECTS ♦

Prolonged exposure to cement, sand (silica) dust will create breathing disorder (pneumoconiosis).

♦

Noise of Mixer Machine - Prolonged exposure will cause hearing impairment.

♦

While starting the mixer machine engine, the handle may come out and hit the person operating it due to improper operation or due to using untrained person.

♦

Unguarded machine parts can cause injury.

♦

Diesel/ Oil leakage, improper house keeping can cause fire.

♦

While pouring concrete, particles can enter into the eyes persons standing nearby due to splashing.

♦

Collapse of formwork, if not designed/ erected properly.

♦

Poor quality of concrete may cause collapse of structure while removing shuttering.

Do's and Don’ts ♦

Wear necessary PPE (Goggles, Dust mask, Ear plug, etc.) whenever required.

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13

♦

Only trained persons should operate mixer machine. Do not operate the mixer machine, If you are not the designed person.

♦

Operator to check the machine for unguarded parts/ any leaks etc. Report defect to Supervisor/S.O.

♦

Check for work/supports/ props before pouring.

♦

Ensure proper quality of concrete before pouring.

STORAGE OF MATERIALS HAZARDS ♦

Fall of materials due to poor stacking/ storage.

♦

Fire in case of flammable materials.

♦

Collapse of rack due to poor design/overloading.

♦

Hazards due to material handling.

♦

Trips, falls, hitting against - due to poor house keeping.

EFFECTS ♦ Injury to person ♦ Damage to material PRECAUTIONS ♦

Ensure proper stacking of materials.

♦

Store heavy materials down, as far as possible and practicable.

♦

Keep flammable materials separately and as per requirements.

♦

Prohibit smoking in store.

♦

Do not overload racks.

♦

Ensure proper house keeping

♦

Keep gangways/ walkways clear to facilitate free movement of men/ handling equipment.

♦

Store materials only up to safe height. Page 15/66

♦ 14

Provide Fire Extinguisher of appropriates type at appropriate locations.

GAS WELDING/ CUTING HAZARDS & EFFECTS 1)

Fire/ Explosion due to ♦

Flash back

♦

Leakage of flammable gas

♦

Poor house keeping can cause serious injuries/ burns to persons and damage to properties.

2)

Sudden release of fittings (pressure gauge, control valves etc.) due to improper fitting/ improper handling of cylinders can cause serious injury to persons.

3)

Contact with hot material (being welded or just welded) can cause burn injury.

4)

Heat effects

PRECAUTIONS ♦

Ensure torches are fitted with flash back arresters.

♦

Use properly color coded cylinder to identify oxygen and fuel cylinders (Oxygen Black, Acetylene- Maroon).

♦

Keep the cylinders in vertical (upright) position always. Chain them in storage to prevent falling and getting damaged.

♦

Mobile cylinders should be mounted on proper trolleys and chained.

♦

Check for damages in the hoses.

♦

Ensure that hoses are connected and tightened properly with clips at both ends.

♦

Do not use damaged hoses.

♦

Check proper mounting of all fittings on the cylinder. Also ensure their proper functioning. Page 16/66

♦

Use necessary PPE while working.

♦

Ensure the workshop is kept free of flammable materials and proper house keeping.

♦

Store empty cylinders and full gas cylinders, which are not in use separately in a place sufficiently away from the workshop.

♦

Keep hot objects separately with caution boards on it.

♦

Provide sufficient rest/ pause to workmen to avoid heat stress.

RECOVERY

15

♦

Provide fire extinguishers and fire blankets in appropriate places.

♦

Train personnel in fire fighting.

♦

Keep well maintained F/A Box and First Aider(s) in Work shop/ work site.

♦

In case of burn injury, cool the affected part by applying plenty of cold water and render other First Aid including keeping the person in relaxed position.

♦

In case of serious injuries call for medical assistance by dialing PDO emergency cell (5555).

WELDING/ CUTTING WELDING - ELECTRIC ARC HAZARDS & EFFECTS 1.

Ultra Violet Radiation

-

Damage to eye (ARC Eye)

2.

Heat

-

Heat Disorder

3.

Hot objects

-

Burn due to probable contact

4.

Electricity

-

Electric Shock/ Burn

5.

Fire

-

Damage to person/ property

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6.

Lead Wires on Floor

-

Trip/ Fall of personnel

7.

Welding Fumes

-

Metal Fume Fever

PRECAUTIONS

16

♦

Use filter lens of appropriate grade/shade, while welding.

♦

Do not look at the arc with naked eyes.

♦

Use necessary PPE (safety shoes, cover all, hand gloves, helmet, etc.)

♦

Keep hot materials separately with caution words written on it.

♦

Check lead wire properly. Do not use wires/ cables with damaged insulation.

♦

Check proper connection of lead wires at both the ends (Machine & work piece).

♦

Ensure proper house keeping. Do not keep flammable material nearby.

♦

Arrange lead wires in an orderly fashion. Do not leave them haphazardly on the floor.

♦

Provide sufficient rest pause for workmen to prevent heat disorders.

♦

Ensure proper ventilation in welding shop.

SCAFFOLDING ♦

Working at a height 1.5 meter or more from ground level require properly erected scaffolding.

♦

Erecting, dismantling and working on scaffolding is a risky job requiring sufficient skill and knowledge of workmen.

♦

Failure to follow guideline will lead to -

Fall of person/ objects from height. Collapse of scaffolding and thus serious injuries.

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17

♦

Explain various parts of scaffolding.

♦

Explain ATE scaffold checklist.

♦

Doe’s and Don’ts (Precautions) ♦

Only experienced persons should erect/ dismantle scaffolding as per the guidelines.

♦

Do not use scaffolding unless it is inspected and accepted for use.

♦

Always use ladders to get on to and get down from scaffoldings. Do not use short cuts.

♦

Do not overload scaffolding platform.

♦

Keep the work platform clean and tidy without causing hurdles for movement of persons.

♦

Do not remove any parts of scaffolding (particularly hand rails, platform boards, tow boards).

♦

Always lock the wheels of mobile scaffolding while using.

♦

Get down from the scaffolding before moving to another place. Do not move the mobile scaffold while persons are on it.

BAR CUTTING & BENDING Working with bar cutting, bar bending machinery has its inherent hazards due to their sharp edged tools and moving machinery parts. These are hazardous operations with potential to cause injuries to person working on it and nearby. They require to be operated only by trained and experienced persons. DOs and DON'Ts (Precautions) ♦

Do not use blunt/ damaged tools in bar cutting machine.

♦

Check that machine is working properly before commencing operation.

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18

♦

Ensure that pedal switch and limit switches are working satisfactory in bar bending machine.

♦

Keep the machinery switch under lock and key to prevent unauthorized operation.

♦

Only trained and designated operator should operate the machine.

♦

Do not keep your hands in hazardous zone while machine is being operated to prevent trapping of hand and fingers in between moving tools/ other moving parts.

♦

Look out for personnel standing/ working nearby while handling long bars/ bending long bars.

♦

Wear necessary PPE (Leather gloves and goggles and other basic PPE).

♦

Inspect hand tools before use - Do not use defective tools.

BAR BENDING AND FORM WORK HAZARD & EFFECTS: ♦

Sharp edges of bars/ formwork can cause injury while handling.

♦

Fixing and removal of nail in formwork can cause injuries, if done by untrained personnel.

♦

Use of defective hand tools can cause injuries to persons working and other nearby.

♦

Throwing removed formwork, without nails removed from it can cause injuries to persons stepping on it etc.

♦

Fixing formwork, working on bar bending, in a place at height can lead to fall of persons if proper work platform and access are not provided.

♦

Improper manual lifting can cause back injury.

PRECAUTIONS ♦

Use of trained personnel.

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19

♦

Inspect hard tools before use. Do not use defective tools.

♦

Use necessary PPE.

♦

Remove nails from removed formwork as and when they are removed.

♦

Ensure proper house keeping.

♦

Provide adequate work platform and means of access for work at height.

♦

Training in manual lifting.

ABRASIVE BLASTING ♦

This is hazardous operation of cleaning jobs (components) by blasting abrasive grits using compressed air, with many potential hazards.

♦

Use of defective equipment, compressed air hoses, and improper connection can cause sudden release of components/ hoses, which can cause serious injury to persons.

♦

Static electricity generated by the blasting operation can cause electric shock.

♦

Enormous noise produced can damage the ear.

♦

Flying of grits can cause physical injury to persons operating and working nearby.

♦

Grits can fly off to a considerable distance and spoil the surrounding place.

♦

Improper manual lifting can cause back and other injuries to body organs.

♦

Improper posture while loading, cleaning of pot can cause injury.

♦

Inhalation of dust.

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PRECAUTIONS

20

♦

Ensure proper earthing of blasting gun as well as the job.

♦

Do not operate, if you are not authorized person.

♦

Always use the hood (blaster's helmet) and other necessary PPE (ear muff, cover all, hand gloves, safety shoes etc.)

♦

Ensure proper functioning of deadman's handle.

♦

Ensure proper connection and coupling of all joints and that the hoses are in good condition before opening air supply valve.

♦

Open the valve gradually.

♦

Grit blasting operation has to be carried out in enclosed place to prevent flying of grits to distant places.

♦

Barricade the area with warning tape and display cautionary sign bard to prevent of unauthorized/ unwanted persons.

♦

Maintain good house keeping and timely removal of spent grit without accumulation.

♦

Ensure persons are properly trained.

♦

Ensure use of goggles, dust protection and other necessary PPE.

PAINTING HAZARD & EFFECTS: •

Inhalation of paint mist/ thinner vapor will damage the respiratory system.

•

Entering of mist/vapor into eyes can cause damage to eyes.

•

Skin contact can cause dermatitis

•

Fire hazards as paints/ thinners are highly flammable material.

•

Improper manual lifting can cause injury to back or other organs.

•

Use compressed air during application can damage the respiratory system due to inhalation.

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PRECAUTIONS: •

Paints and thinners to be stored in separate area with necessary fire precautions.

•

Wear appropriate filter mask, goggles, hand gloves, cover all to prevent adverse effect on health due to contact of paint/ thinner.

•

Ensure proper work platform/ access for doing painting at height.

•

No smoking in paint storage/ where painting is going on.

•

Ensure paint drums/tins are emptied properly before disposal.

•

Ensure availability of eyewash in painting area and people are trained to use it.

•

Ensure training to personnel in manual lifting.

•

Breathing apparatus to be used.

• 21

Before attempting to repair nozzle/hose ensure that the equipment is depressurized. GRINDING HAZARD AND EFFECTS: •

Flying particles entering into eyes, hitting body parts.

•

Flying of grinding wheel by breaking of grinding wheel or due to loose fastening, may lead to serious injury including fatality.

•

Flying sparks may cause fire.

•

Contact with running grinding wheel will cause serious injuries.

•

High level noised produced during grinding can cause hearing impairment upon prolonged exposure.

•

Unguarded machinery part like pulleys/ drive belts can cause injury.

•

Electrical hazard - particularly in portable grinding machines.

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PRECAUTIONS

22

•

Fasten grinding wheel properly and to the requisite torque using correct spanner (appropriate tool).

•

Use grinding wheel of appropriate grade and size (diameter) depending on the type of job done the r.p.m. of the machine.

•

Ensure guards are there in place for the grinding wheel to prevent accidental contact with running wheel.

•

Do not operate, if guards are not there or with guards removed.

•

Use necessary PPE, goggles, protective clothing, gloves for protection against flying particles/sparks.

•

Take all necessary fire precaution for prevention of fire.

•

Keep fire extinguisher of appropriate type to tackle fire in case of its break out.

•

Ensure proper housekeeping, removal of all flammable material in nearby vicinity.

•

Use hearing protection (Ear plugs/muffs).

•

Only trained persons should operate the machine.

•

Ensure lead wires are defect free and provided with earth connection in case of portable grinding machine.

•

Position yourself/ change the direction of wheel rotation in such a way that sparks are directed away from you/ downwards.

•

Do not carry out grinding operation on a tank/ vessel, which contained flammable materials without proper permission and precaution.

•

Do not cut the cover of a drum, which contained flammable material by grinding.

SAFETY IN USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY Electric shock

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Burn Fire due to sparking/arcing/short circuit/ heat due to over loading. Electricity is flow of charged particles called electrons. Electricity flows from high potential to low potential. Earth is at Zero potential. Electric current flows through human body if it happens to connect high potential to low potential and can cause. 1.

Electric shock

2.

'Burn' to the body parts at both ends (point of entry and point of exit).

3.

'Burn' to internal body parts.

4.

'Burn' due to flash over in electrical switching equipment.

•

Electric shock can -

Kill a person

-

Damage muscles and nerves and disable a person

•

Severity of shock depends on the amount of current passing through the body.

•

Connecting the equipment body to earth reduces the amount of current passing through human body coming in contact with faulty equipment and thus reduces the chance of electric shock.

PRECAUTIONS •

Ensure insulations of lead wires are in tact to prevent conductors from being exposed.

•

Ensure that terminal points are covered properly.

•

Do not use lead wires with joints in between.

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•

Ensure terminals of wire lead are connected properly without any loose connections. Loose connections can cause spark and thus fire, burning the terminal boxes and insulation.

•

Do not overload the equipment, it will create excess heat and can burn the insulation.

•

Use fuses of appropriate rating for protection against overloading.

•

Use equipment with double insulated lead wires.

•

Ensure proper body earthing of equipment. It will prevent shock due to faulty equipment.

•

Only authorized person should carry out repairs on electrical equipment.

•

Do not use defective equipment.

•

Use only proper extension cords without any joints in between, and of appropriate rating.

•

Ensure that industrial sockets used are having the closing type protective cover to prevent exposure of terminals while the socket is not being used.

•

Disconnect the equipment from power source when not in use to prevent unauthorized accidental operation.

•

Ensure that portable electrical equipment are provided with deadman's switch and check it is working properly.

RECOVERY In case of electrocution. -

Switch of electric supply.

-

Do not touch the person while he is in contact with electric supply.

-

Use wooden pole/ similar insulator to remove contact from conductor if supply could not be stopped.

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-

Give appropriate first aid. It the person is not breathing, Cardio Pulmonary resuscitation to be done by a trained first aider.

-

Call for medical assistance immediately.

-

Unconscious breathing person, keep the victim in relaxed position.

-

Keep a watch on the person. Call for medical assistance immediately.

-

For burns

-

Cool the affected body parts by applying cold water.

-

Call for medical assistance in case of serious injury. Administer other appropriate first aid.

-

Keep a well-maintained First Aid Box at all work sites.

-

A trained First Aider to be present with all working crews.

-

Know the emergency procedure and PDO emergency contact phone number - 5555.

23

WASTE MANAGEMENT

•

Waste - is any material, which is discarded as not being required. Waste can be in any of his forms.

•

Waste generated by anyone should not be thrown away without any control because waste has an adverse impact on the environment.

•

It can pollute the land, water or air surrounding us, which in turn will have damaging effects on ecological systems, persons who are using polluted water or breathing polluted air will have health damage.

•

So wastes thus generated should be segregated and disposed safely in the segregated area as per the guideline given by PDO.

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•

Control has to be more stringent in case of hazardous/ chemical wastes and as per the guideline in force.

•

Main wastes generated in our operations are:

24

-

Domestic waste, kitchen waste in camp area.

-

Office waste

-

Industrial waste such as waste wood, masonry waste, metal scrap, grit etc. ATE waste disposal procedure stipulates how various wastes have to be collected and disposed.

-

In PDO oil gas production stations waste gases such as H2S, Hydrocarbon gases are disposed by flaring (burning) as leaving them as such in the atmosphere will pollute the atmosphere much more.

-

Sewage water is disposed to the treatment plants though pipelines where the water is treated to remove/ reduce the contaminants to tolerable level before refusing/disposing.

-

Keeping records of wastes generated and disposal is also important to find out any requirement to take necessary steps to minimize the waste generated.

WOOD WORKING MACHINES HAZARD AND DEFECTS -

Unguarded moving parts of machine and unguarded operating tools like circular saw can cause severe injury due to accidental contact.

-

Use of sharp edged tools (circular saw, blades of planning tools etc.) can cause injury during handling/ replacing tools.

-

Creation of wood dust during operation can enter the eyes and damage them, can cause breathing problem if inhaled.

-

Fire hazard due to presence of presence of wooden scrap/ wood kept for working.

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-

Trips/ falls due to improper stacking/ housekeeping and thus injury.

-

Injury due to improper material handling (manual).

-

Dust can cause damage to the respiratory system.

PRECAUTIONS -

Ensure availability of all necessary guards to moving machinery parts and the cutting tools.

-

Ensure movable guards for wood cutting machine are in place while working on the machine. Do not operate without guards.

-

All the moving parts of the machinery such as shaft, pulleys, drive belts etc. are to be covered properly by suitable guards/ cover plates.

-

Exposed/ uncovered moving parts can cause injury to personnel due to accidental contact of body parts with them or due to entanglement of loose cloths/ other apparels.

-

PRECAUTION

-

Check all the guards provided to machinery are securely in place before starting work.

-

Rectify/ replace guards as appropriate if defect is observed, immediately.

-

Do not operate with defective or inadequate guards or without guards in place.

-

Do not remove the guards from the machinery for carrying out any short cut operation. (Operations which are not normally intended to be done with machine)

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25

WORKING AT HEIGHT HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: -

Fall of persons from height can cause severe injury including fatality.

-

Fall of materials, tools etc. from height can cause injury to persons working below.

PRECAUTIONS: -

Any job requiring persons standing at a height of 1.5 m or above from ground level has to be provided with a properly erected scaffold.

-

Take all necessary precautions required for erecting using and dismantling scaffolding.

-

For roof work / any other work on high structure (Safety harness) life harness should be used. (Life belt by all personnel)

-

While working on a high structure keep all materials, tools, etc. in a safe place so that it does not fall down or present any hindrance to movement of persons.

-

While working on high structure especially roof work, work must be stopped in case of heavy wind. (Wind speed exceeding 40 km / h.) Use only trained personnel for working at height.

-

Do not engage any persons for working at height that is known to have vertigo problem. RECOVERY: -

-

In case of injury, give appropriate first aid.

-

Keep a well maintained Fist Aid Box and First Aider at site.

-

Call for ambulance on PDO Emergency Phone No. 5555, in case of serious injury.

-

Ensure availability of stand by vehicle at remote site.

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26

LIFTING GEARS: Fiber slings, wire rope slings, chain slings, tackle, hooks, shackles, etc.) Lifting gears are the link between the lifting machinery and the load being lifted. It is as important as the lifting machinery itself. Improper use of or use of defective lifting gear will lead to fall of load being lifted and can cause serious injuries and or damage of material. -

All lifting gears should be marked with safe marking load (S.W.L.) i.e. the maximum load it can be subjected to.

-

All lifting gears should be inspected by a third party (competent person) and certified every six months.

-

All lifting gears used are defect free. If any defect is noticed the defective lifting gear should be withdrawn from use.

-

Know the PDO color-coding system and the current color code.

-

All lifting gear in use should be color coded properly.

-

Do not use damaged slings or slings without current color code.

-

Slinging should be done by trained person only.

-

Know the weight of the load being lifted.

-

Use lifting gears with SWL greater than the weight being lifted.

-

Store the slings in proper storage to prevent damage from corrosion, heat, etc.

-

Maintain lifting gears such as shackles, wire rope slings, which require periodically lubrication etc.

-

Periodical inspection and color-coding of lifting gears.

-

Know PDO color-coding system and current color code.

-

Use lifting gears with cur rent color-coding only.

-

Competent and licensed operators for operating the handling equipment.

-

Ensure good house keeping.

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27

-

Ensure the place where the material has to be kept is clear, before lifting the load.

-

Ensure that the way (path) is clear.

-

Trained slingers and signalman.

-

Marking of SWL (safe working load) on lifting equipment and lifting gears.

-

Know the weight of material being lifted.

-

Do not overload the lifting equipment or lifting gears (slings and tackles).

-

Do not stand under load.

VEHICLE REPAIRING AND SERVICING. HAZARD AND DEFECTS •

Use of defective tools/ improper use of tools (Hand tools and as well as power operated tools) can cause injury to persons operating it or nearby.

•

Use of compressed air for tyre inflation/ pneumatic tools etc. and use of pressurized water jet for while cleaning/ servicing have the inherent hazard of i.

Use of defective/ improper hoses.

ii.

Improper claming and coupling of the hoses

Which can cause burst/ or release of hose and injury to persons nearby. •

Fire hazard due to cleansing agents, fuel inside the tanks of vehicles, storage of fuel, thinner nearby and poor house keeping.

•

Battery charging requires use of sulphuric acid, which can cause injury to persons handling it due to.

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-

Inhalation of fumes Contact with body parts Contact of acid/ acid vapor with eyes.

•

Assembling and inflating tyres can cause flying of rims if not done properly using proper tools.

•

Slip/ fall due to oil spillage/ bad house keeping can cause injury.

PRECAUTIONS •

Check all the tools before use.

•

Do not use defective tools.

•

Use only the right tool for the job.

•

Report defects to supervisor.

•

Check the wheels of vehicle before carrying repairs.

•

Only trained person to carry out the work. Do not do the work, if you are not the person for it.

•

Use cage foe inflating the tyre.

•

Clamp all air/ water hoses with proper clips and proper couplings securely. Binding the couplings together with binding wire.

•

Use all necessary PPE especially for acid handling use rubber gloves, goggles and mask.

•

Ensure proper ventilation in battery charging room.

•

Ensure proper house keeping. Oil spillage must be cleansed immediately.

•

The mechanic should keep ignition key with him until the repairs are completed.

RECOVERY •

In case of any injury give appropriate first aid.

•

Call for ambulance in case of serious injury.

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•

Call for fire brigade in case of major fire.

•

Know emergency procedure and PDO emergency number – 5555.

•

Ensure the following: -

Well-maintained F.A. Box and trained F/Aider are available.

-

Availability of DCP fire extinguishers at appropriate locations. Availability of eyewash at battery charging room and persons concerned are aware of usage.

28

HYDROTESTING HAZARD AND DEFECTS •

Sudden release of high pressure due to rupture of joints/ system being tested, due to inadequate design/ defective joints, can cause injury to persons doing the job nearby.

•

Flying off of fittings like pressure gauge, valve etc. due to improper mounting can cause injury even to persons at distant place.

•

Bursting of high-pressure hose of the machine due to defective hose/ improper connection can cause injury.

•

Defective pressure gauge can lead to application of pressure more than the required limit and lead to rupture of the system being tested.

PRECAUTIONS •

Ensure availability of proper work permit.

•

Hydrotesting to be performed by trained person.

•

Barricade the area with warning tape and display caution board to prevent unauthorized entry of persons.

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29

•

Ensure that the testing machine and the connected hoses are in good working conditions.

•

Ensure proper tightening of all fittings, joints and other connections before starting.

•

Ensure that calibrated pressure gauges are used and that they are in good working order.

•

Increase the pressure gradually so that any defect/ leak can be observed at the initial stage before leading to rupture.

•

If any leak/ defect is observed, depressurized the system before attending to it.

HEALTH HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS In our activity health hazards are caused by: • • • • •

A) B) C) D) E)

DUST VIBRATION NOISE USE & HANDLING OF CHEMICALS MANUAL LIFTING

CONSEQUENCES PRECAUTION (A) DUST - Breathing difficulty Breathing protection (Dust mask) - Eye and ear injury Eye and ear protection (B) VIBRATION – Personal injury Use of PPE (Use of compactor Where possible rotate the person, Jack hammer, E.g., use of compactor, jack hammer, vibrator, etc. Vibrator, Operations of More frequent rest for operator. equipment such as rock breaker, JCB, etc. (C) NOISE – Hearing loss. - Use ear protection (Beyond 85 dB) (D) See safe handling of chemicals (E) Manual lifting back injury - Training.

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30

EXCAVATION The excavation is a process of digging and removing earth, sand, stone, etc. from the ground to make pit / trench of certain dimensions manually with hand tools or mechanically with heavy plants.

HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: 1) Underground services: a) Pipelines containing high-pressure hydrocarbons may get damaged causing injury to persons / loss of assets. b) Damage to electrical cables causes electrocution and disruption to services. c) Damage to telecom cables loss of communication. d) Damage to waterline causes disruption to services. 2)

Wall collapse: The person working in the trench or pit may get buried or injured.

3) 4)

Fall of excavated soil, if kept near the edge of trench may fall in causing injury to person working inside. Movement of unauthorized people / vehicle, may cause fall in the pit or trench causing injury.

5)

The excavator of JCB may knock down or run over people.

6)

Health Hazard: Damage to respiratory system due to dust. Repetitive movement of limbs, leading to injury, noise due to mechanical excavation can cause damage to ears. Manual handling.

PRECAUTIONS: 1)

The job should be done under permit to work system.

2)

3)

The position of underground services should be well determined and known to each member of the crew. The drawing, cable detector and trial trenches should be used. Identified services should be exposed by hand excavation and properly protected. The area should be barricaded and proper signboards should be placed.

4)

Excavated earth should be stored 1 meter away from edge of excavation.

5)

The trenches in excess of 1.2 meter depth should be shored or side to be slopped back to angle of repose.

6)

Ladder should extend from bottom of trench to 1 meter above ground.

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7)

Personnel should not work / walk near edge of excavation.

8)

Trained banksman should be provided for mechanical excavator.

9)

Person should not work close to machines / plant.

10)

Persons should know the emergency procedures.

11)

Dust (Balaclava) and eye protection to be used.

12)

Person to be trained.

13)

Ear protectors to be worn during mechanical / excavation.

31

SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

HAZARDS:

Splashing of Chemicals Chemical vapors & spills Corrosiveness & Toxicity of chemicals.

CONSEQUENCES:

Skin disease / burns, etc. and even death depending on the properties of the chemicals due to ingestion, inhalation and skin contact.

PRECAUTIONS

NOTE

-

Fire

-

Proper personal protective equipment to be used.

-

No Smoking

-

Fire extinguisher (DCP) to be readily available.

-

Eyewash should be cleaned immediately.

-

Area should be well ventilated.

-

Safety data sheet, SHOC cards should be available for all the chemicals being used.

-

Hazards related to the chemicals should be made known to the persons handling them.

-

Use only trained personnel for handling of chemicals.

-

For more details, make use of MSDS (Material safety data sheet) / SHOC Cards.

-

Do not use chemical for personal cleaning. Page 37/66

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32

FIRE, FIRE PREVENTION, DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR USE: FIRE: Fire is caused due to the presence of the following simultaneously (at the same time): 1) Fuel (Flammable substance) 2) Oxygen (available in air) 3) Heat (enough to raise the temperature above ignition point of fuel). PREVENTION: Good Housekeeping Regular removal of scrap material such as saw dust, timber, oil socket, rags, paper, plastic, etc. Storage of Flammable Material Separate storage, from general store, with proper ventilation and shed. Prohibit smoking and naked light wherever necessary. Electrical Fitting Appropriate electrical fittings to be installed. Electrical fittings, wiring to be inspected on regular basis. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR USE: There are three types of fire extinguishers available for use: a) Water type (Colored Red) It is effective for paper, wood and textile. Do not use on live electrical equipment. b) Dry Chemical Powder (Colored Blue) It is effective for flammable liquids, oil, diesel, petrol, etc. on live electrical equipment. Effective on all types of fire. c) Carbon – Dioxide (Colored Black) It can be used on live electrical equipment and for fire in kitchen. How to use (Stored pressure type) 1) Remove safety pin. 2) Hold firmly and direct hose / horn at the base of fire. 3) Press handle to release the content. Move close to the fire sweeping motion of the hose to cover the whole fire. Page 39/66

33

WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENT HAZARD :

- Heat

CONSEQUENCES

- Dizziness

-

Profuse sweating

-

Weakness, headache, nausea

-

Heat stroke

PRECAUTION

- Carry adequate quantity of cool drinking water

-

Drink water with salt at regular intervals (even if you don’t feel thirsty). (One tea-spoon of salt in 5 lit of water).

-

Take rest at regular interval.

-

Ensure availability of shade near work place.

-

If anyone feels uneasy immediately inform the supervisor concerned and take rest in a cool place under shade. Drink water with salt.

NOTE - Due to some reason, if water is exhausted stop work and arrange for water before starting to work. RECOVERY : - Call for medical assistance (PDO emergency call 5555) in case of loss of consciousness. For work in remote places keep a standby vehicle for use in case of emergency. 34

KITCHEN SAFETY

1)

The knife and chopper should be sharp and kept in a safe place.

2)

The damaged utensils should be discarded as they cause cut injury and are unhygienic.

3)

Do not leave metal spoons in boiling liquids.

4)

Do not leave handles of cooking pan over gas flame.

5)

Always carry a knife with its point towards floor. Page 40/66

6)

Never attempt to catch falling knife.

7)

Always cut or chop on board, never in hand.

8)

The gas stove is fitted with control valve.

9)

The stove should be lighted with gas lighter not cigarette lighter.

10)

Pans containing hot oil, which catch fire, should not be left unattended on lighted gas stove. Fire should be extinguished using fire blanket and putting off the gas, never pour water on oil fire.

11)

If you smell cooking gas when entering the kitchen, never switch ON’ or `OFF’ any electric appliances as the spark inside the switch may cause fire or explosion. Open windows and doors.

12)

An ill or diseased person should not work in kitchen.

13)

The cook should wear protective clothing including shoes and head covers.

14)

The food should be well cooked and covered.

15)

The kitchen equipment, utensils must be clean.

16)

The spillage should be cleaned up promptly. The waste should be collected in polythene sacks and disposed off.

17) 18)

First aid box, fire blanket and fire extinguisher should be available in kitchen. Never put cleaning fluids into containers used for food or drink.

19)

Shut – off the gas main at the end of work each time.

20)

Ensure all kitchen staff has sufficient knowledge of fire fighting and emergency procedure. HANDLING & STORAGE OF MATERIAL HANDLING OF MATERIALS

35 1)

Manual Material Handling Hazards & Effects: - Back injury, sprain, and strain due to improper techniques. -

Injury due to slip / fall of material during handling.

-

Injury due to sharp edge of materials handled. Page 41/66

PRECAUTIONS:

2)

-

Keep back straight, while lifting.

-

Ensure proper grip before lifting.

-

Do not twist your hip while transferring material from one place to another.

-

Use hand gloves to prevent injury due to sharp edges of material.

-

Do not try to lift an object having weight more than your capacity. Call for assistance of another person.

-

Ensure co-ordination in case of group work.

Mechanical Handling of Materials Hazards & Effects: -

Defective equipment leading to failure while handling. Defective slings / tackles leading to failure while lifting. Improper slinging leading to fall of material being lifted. Improper handling of equipment / improper signaling leading to accidents.

PRECAUTIONS: Check equipment for proper functioning before use. Do not use defective equipment. Periodical inspection & certification of equipment. -

36.

(A) EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE FOR H2S. HAZARD

:

Toxic gas

CONSEQUENCES

:

Loss of consciousness of even death.

PRECAUTION

:

Carry H2S Monitor and breathing escape hood.

ACTION

:

On hearing alarm, Stop work Go cross wind Stop breathing till you put on your escape hood. Report at the assemble point Never run but walk briskly to the assembly point. If there is any victim, then inform the area authority for his rescue Page 42/66

(B)

(C)

IN CASE OF FIRE – WORK SITE CONSEQUENCE

:

Personal injury Damage to property.

ACTION

:

Stop work and shout Fire, Fire, Fire. Try to fight the fire if it is safe to do so. Leave the work area. Inform the concerned authority. Report to assembly point. Do not run. If concerned authority is not available, use emergency phone No. 5555 and give following details. Your name and phone number What has happened and its exact location. What is required?

IN CAMP Shout Fire, Fire and sound the alarm. If fire is small, try to extinguish using suitable fire extinguisher. Contact on emergency phone 5555 giving following details: Your name and phone number. What has happened and its exact location. What is required?

37.

HAND TOOLS The hand tools are the most commonly used by people in their normal household work as well as complicated technical work. It may be a small screwdriver or heavy sledgehammer but these pose hazards and cause accidents, if not maintained and used properly. HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Worn-out tip of screwdriver causes improper fittings to screwslot, slip and damage to screw and injury to personnel. Bent screwdriver causes improper transfer of force and slip. Cracked handle of screwdriver causes pinch to palm. Opened up/worn spanner causes slip and damages the bolts and causes injury to person. The mushroomed hammer face causes; a) Metallic splinters fly off b) Slip off from target and injury the persons Page 43/66

6) 7)

Cracked handle of hammer pinches the palm. Improperly wedged handle of hammer and pickaxe become loose and fly off to hit somebody. 8) The blunt edges of pickaxe and shovel don’t work properly causing human irritation and waste of energy. 9) The unprotected sharp edges of chisels, knife cause cut injury. 10) The blunt / damaged chisel edges cause the slip of chisel. 11) The mushroomed chisel head causes metallic splinter fly and injure the person. 12) A file without handle causes injury to palm. 5. The uninsulated screwdriver and plier give electric shock during electric work. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Use screwdriver having standard handle, straight rod and tip suiting the screw notch. For electrical work always use insulated screwdriver and plier. Don’t use mushroomed headed hammer or chisel. Don’t use locally made handles and check for any cracks. The chisel must have good cutting edge of standard angle. Never use files without handle. The sharp edged tools should be kept in pouch or box. Never use defective tools and keep these separately and report to the concerned person for repair / replacement. Use right tool for the job.

POWER TOOLS: The power tools use external energy as pneumatic, electric or mechanical for doing some work. PNEUMATIC TOOLS: HAZARDS AND EFFECT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

High pressure of pipeline may cause rupture of pipe causing injury to personnel. Loose pipe ends cause whipping action causing injury. The continuous vibrations of body muscles cause health hazards, white finger. The noise generated by pneumatic tools cause damage to ears and other health problems. Improper laying of pipelines cause tripping of people.

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PRECAUTIONS: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Check the joints, pipes and tools for any damage. Hold the pneumatic tools firmly before opening the air supply to tool. Open the valve slowly. Use earmuffs and other PPE’s as per requirement of job. Lay the pipelines safely to avoid tripping.

ELECTRIC TOOLS: HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: 1) 2) 3)

Electricity causes electrocution due to contact with live wire. Fire or explosion in areas containing flammable gases or liquids. Tripping due to improperly layer cables.

PRECAUTIONS: 1) 2) 3) 4) 38.

Check the cable, plug switch for any damage or open wire and don’t use such tools. Lay the cable safely to avoid tripping. Use proper PPE’s to avoid electric shock. Authorized trained persons should use the electric tools.

WORKING IN HYDROCARBON AREAS The suspected hydrocarbon areas are areas in and around gas or oil wells, tanks pipeline, process tanks, specially the pits, excavated trenches, oil spillage, etc. and any confined space involved in nay manner to the petroleum process. HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: The hydrocarbon gas is heavier than air, thus replace it, causing asphyxiation of person. The hydrocarbon gas in the combustible range when coming in contact with ignition source cause explosion or fire. The severity of explosion increase with degree of confinement. Excessive exposure to hydrocarbon gas and vapors causes respiratory problems. Any damage to pipeline or equipment may cause minor leak to major bursting of pipeline causing release of high pressure. The corrosion / deterioration of flow line may cause unexpected leakage in the area needing emergency response. Page 45/66

PRECAUTIONS: 1)

Work should be done under permit to work system.

2)

The gas test for hydrocarbon and oxygen should be done before / during carrying out the work as required by permit.

3)

No hot work like welding, grinding, chipping, hammering, etc. should be done unless gas test in confirmed and permitted.

4)

Non-sparking tools should be used where there is possibility of leakage of explosive gases.

5)

Smoking is not permitted in the area. If required breathing apparatus should be used.

6) First Aider with first aid box, fire extinguisher should be available at site. 7) Persons working in the area should know emergency procedures. 39.

NEARMISS REPORTS ITS ADVANTAGES Near miss is an incident in which no injury or loss of property has taken place but there was possibility of these happening in any magnitude. Example (a) A car overtaking other vehicle at road crossing, (b) Sledge hammer flying off the handle during stroke but causing no damage.

1)

2)

All near miss incidents need to be reported. The report may be deposited in near miss box or directly handed over to concerned authority. The reporter may or may not mention his identity, hence, no fear of any repercussions or enmity. All near misses are investigated to find out the cause of incident.

3)

It helps to take remedial measures to avoid its happening again in future.

4)

The message is cascaded to all creating better safety awareness and recording the accidents.

5)

The near miss reporting helps to locate many unpredicted / unknown hazards in the system.

6)

It helps to find areas, which need more attention.

7)

The near miss provides the learning point to eliminate the accidents.

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40.

SITE SECURITY The site security is necessary for the safety of person entering the area and prevents loss of property due to entering the area and prevents loss of property due to intentional or unintentional act of the person. The outsider may not be aware of the site hazards like excavated trench, temporary construction work. The site security is also required to prevent theft of property.

1)

The fencing, barriers and warning signs should be placed at site.

2)

The visitor should be guided to report to site office.

3)

No unauthorized person should be allowed on site.

Sr. No. 01.

Hazard

Effect problem,

Control

Dust, fume, etc.

Respiratory irritation etc.

eye Local exhaust ventilation Respiratory & eye protective equipment.

02.

Noise

Hearing loss

Noise reduction at source and path. Provide ear protective devices (Earplug, earmuff)

03.

Lighting

Ensure lighting.

04.

Ventilation

Overlighting, glare, insufficient lighting will cause eyestrain, headache. Insufficient ventilation will cause reduced level of O2, CO2, water vapor and temperature causing discomfort in breathing.

05.

Heat

Heat disorders

Provide sufficient rest pauses. Drink cold water often.

06

Take all necessary precautions while treating patients to avoid possible infections.

07

Collect and dispose all clinical waste as per PDO procedure.

appropriate

Ensure proper ventilation by providing sufficient air circulation.

Page 47/66

PERSONAL HYGIENE # Food handlers: Personal cleanliness Clean Clothes Shaving facial hair Clipping nails Monthly physical examination by Male Nurse for infectious disease / skin disease, etc. # All: Personal cleanliness Use clean clothing Good habits Awareness of all concerned regarding importance of maintaining good hygiene will help in achieving the same. 41.

WORKING WITH HEAVY PLANT The plant operator and his machine are the most important factors in the safe operation of the heavy equipment. The operator must be trained, experienced, qualified and conversant with hazards of the job being done. The plant should be well maintained and defect free.

PRECAUTION: 1.

The operator should check the plant and it’s surrounding and satisfy himself before starting his job.

2.

It should be ensured that other workers are clear of the machine to avoid knocking down of person.

3.

Do not allow unauthorized riding on plant.

4.

Jumping on and off the plant should not be allowed.

5.

The engine should be stopped before carrying out any repairs or refueling and ignition key should be removed and kept with the operator.

6.

The plant should never be left on inclined surface or on loose material with engine idling, because the vibration can put the machine in motion.

7.

The beacon light should be kept flashing through operation and travel of equipment.

8.

The trained banksman should be provided with the plant when in operation.

9.

Safe distance should be maintained while working near the trench to avoid wall collapse / overturning of plant. Page 48/66

42.

CLEAN UP OIL SPILLS

The oil spill occurs due to; (i) malfunctioning of control valves of tanks, (ii) punctured leak of pipelines, tank, due to high pressure, corrosion or damage due to external source. The oil spill causes environmental hazard and loss of property. All attempts are made to recover the spilled oil and dispose it to saver pits. The oiled soil is disposed to designated sludge farm. HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS: 1)

The oil spills clean up work is done under P.T.W. system.

2)

Oil spill is a fire hazard; hence, no ignition source should be brought near the area.

3)

If oil is to be removed from pits care should be taken to check fumes and deficiency of oxygen.

4)

The soil becomes unreliable and the walls of pit collapse, there is danger of person being stuck up in the oiled soil.

5)

Do not work alone and be observed by colleague.

6)

The PPEs – rubber gum boots, hand gloves, helmet, and goggles should be worn while handling spills.

7)

The waste oil and soiled earth should be disposed o the designated area only (oil saver pit / sludge farm).

43.

ROAD CROSSING / ROAD WORK

The road crossing work involves the disturbance to normal vehicular traffic. As the movement of working force is near the moving vehicles, the job becomes dangerous and needs many safety precautions to be taken during the execution of work to avoid knocking of persons by vehicles or vehicle accident. There are two situations: i)

The traffic can be diverted completely away from the road.

ii)

Only half of road width is kept open for traffic.

1)

Traffic completely diverted off the road: a)

The diversion point should be minimum 200 meter away from road crossing work. Page 49/66

2)

44

b)

300, 200 100 meter, slow down and diversion signboards should be placed on both sides of road crossing.

c)

Road should be closed with drums with warning tape on both sides at diversion points.

d)

Flagmen should be placed on both sides to guide traffic.

e)

If the road is closed for night, flash lights to be provided.

Traffic restricted to half the width of road: a)

300, 200, 100 meter, go slow and diversion signboards should be kept in both side of roadwork.

b)

A row of traffic cones should be kept along the middle of the road to 100 meter on both sides where it should be closed with drums and warning tape.

c)

Flagman should be placed on both sides to guide and control the traffic.

d)

Night work to be avoided. Flash light to be provided.

e)

After completion of work all the signboards, drums, cones, etc. should be removed from site to avoid confusion.

ELECTRICAL WORKS Electrical work includes simple replacement of bulb to complicated cable laying involving many hazards, which may cause minor to fatal electrocution. HAZARDS AND EFFECTS: 1)

Electricity

-

Electrocution of person due to contact with livewire.

-

Burn injury due to electric flash

-

Fire due to short circuits.

-

Explosion due to spark in hydrocarbon area.

2)

Defective tools cause injuries.

3)

Height

The person may fall down due to defective ladder, platform, overhanging, vertigo etc.

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PRECAUTIONS

45.

1)

Authorized competent person only should be permitted to carry out to electrical work.

2)

Permit to work system should be followed wherever applicable.

3)

Tag system should be used for isolation.

4)

All wires should be checked for absence of electricity before touching them.

5)

The tools, ladder, etc. should be inspected for any damage.

6)

Undamaged cable should be used and should be kept in such a way that tripping hazard is eliminated.

7)

Barrier, safety warning tapes and signboards should be displayed.

8)

Water source should be kept away from equipment.

9)

Proper PPE like leather/ rubber hand gloves, flash guards, etc should be used.

10)

First aider, first aid box and suitable fire extinguisher (D.C.P. or CO2) should be available at site during execution of work.

11

Emergency procedure should be known.

ASPHALTING OF ROADS HAZARDS: 1)

Vehicle traffic

-

Accident and injury to personnel

2)

Hot asphalt

-

Burn injury.

-

Respiratory problem due to inhalation fumes.

-

Dermatitis due to repeated contact with asphalt.

-

Injury to personnel.

3)

Heavy plant

PRECAUTION: 1

Use proper procedure for road closure. Keep 300, 200, 100 meter; reduce speed and diversion signboards on both sides of the road repair site. Road should be closed at least 100 meter away from work site.

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46.

2

Flagman should be provided at both ends to control and guide the traffic.

3

The person handling asphalt should wear necessary PPEs e.g., rubber gumboots, hand gloves, goggles, helmet and body parts should be covered. In case of fumes the advantage of wind direction should be taken and mask should be used.

4

The banks man should be provided while using heavy plants.

5)

If the job is not completed and requires continuation next day, warning lights should be provided for the night traffic.

6)

All signboards and obstacles should be removed after completion of the job.

7)

The First aid facility should be available at site and emergency response procedure to be known to all.

LOADING AND UNLOADING OF LOADS FROM TRAILERS AND LORRIES The loading and unloading operation involves manual handling and use of lifting equipment. Use of lifting equipment: 1

Defect-free certified crane should be used with certified slings, chain, etc. having color code applicable.

2

Competent trained person should operate the crane.

3

The outrigger should not be on soft sand.

4

The crane should be worked with lowest S.W.L of weakest component of system.

5

Competent person should do the rigging and slinging.

6

People should be away from loading/ unloading.

7

The operation should be away from overhead electric line or any asset to avoid due to uncontrolled movement of crane.

Loads on back of lorries 1)

As far as possible unloading should be done from ground level.

2)

Minimum person should be utilized to reduce exposure to falling loads.

3)

Hard hats with chin strips should be worn to save from head injury.

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4)

As there is unstable platform at top, a safety line should be provided for personnel to hold on to.

5)

Scaffolding with access ladder placed near to trailer or bucket lift should be used to provide both safe access and working platform.

Others While removing and placing chain & chain binder only trained person should be deployed. Serious injuries have occurred due to spring back of chain binder lever.

47.

LAYING OF H.V. CABLES The laying of H.V. cables, handling of heavy cable rolls, excavation of cable trench, making of joints and backfilling of the trench. Hazards: 1)

Defective crane may cause accident and fall of load.

2)

Incompetent crane operator may cause accident, trip over, and fall of load.

3)

Defective lifting slings, chains, and tackles may cause its failure and fall of load.

4)

Damage to under ground services during excavation.

5)

Electrocution due to puncture of existing cable and during electric test.

6)

Fall of trench wall causing injury to person.

7)

Fall of person inside the trench.

8)

Knocking the person or equipment at site.

9)

Presence of hydrocarbon, H2S, or carbon monoxide causing fire, poisoning or asphyxiation.

PRECAUTION: -

1

The crane should be checked for any defect before use.

2

Only trained and competent operators should be allowed to operate the crane and excavator.

3

Trained banksman should be provided for crane and plant.

4

Lifting equipment with valid test certificates should be used.

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48.

5

The underground service pipes and cables should be detected with cable detector and trail trench and hand excavation should be done at such site.

6

The excavated trench should be tested for gas.

7

Proper defect – free tools should be used.

LEAK REPAIRS In Petroleum and gas industry there is large network of pipelines, which develop leaks due to corrosion, defective flange joints or weld, defective material or failure due to high pressure. The leaks cause health. Safety and environmental hazards. Health Hazards: 1)

The leak may contain poisonous gas, like H2S.

2)

Excessive hydrocarbon gas may cause asphyxiation.

3)

Repeated contact with hydrocarbon liquids may cause dermatitis.

Safety Hazards: 1)

The high pressure of pipelines may cause bursting of pipe or whip lashing causing serious injuries to personnel.

2)

The flammable property of hydrocarbon gas/ liquid may cause fire or explosion.

3)

The area becomes slippery causing fall of person.

4)

The excavation to expose the leaking line may cause damage to other nearby pipelines/ services.

5)

The movement of plant and machinery or vehicle, if required, may damage other pipelines or equipment.

Environmental Hazards: -

1)

The area becomes oily/ dirty.

2)

The release of hydrocarbon gas is unfriendly to atmosphere.

3)

The oil damages the vegetation and marine life.

PRECAUTIONS

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49.

1)

Work under permit to work system

2)

Check of H2S or O2 as required.

3)

Do not start the work unless line is isolated and depressurized to zero pressure.

4)

Locate the correct position of leak.

5)

Use – PPE – Rubber hand gloves, gumboots, helmet, and goggle. If it is H2S area use monitor.

6)

Do not work alone, be observed by somebody.

7)

Use of fire, smoking is prohibited in the area.

8)

Be very careful and use banks man for plant operation.

9)

Remove the waste oil and oily sand to sludge farm.

TRANSPORTATION OF LOADS The transportation of load involves vehicles, road, driver and the load. All of these have many hazards, which need to be talked for these major activities. Vehicle: 1

The vehicle should be of suitable type and capacity to carry the load.

2

It should have valid R.O.P registration and PDO permit.

3

It should be checked with standard checklist for any defects before loading.

4

Emergency tool kit, spare tyre, fuel, water, etc. should be available in vehicle.

ROAD CONDITION: 1)

The road having pot holes cause break down of vehicle and loosening of load and loss of control of vehicle.

2)

The dust and fog reduce visibility, hence speed should be suitably reduced and headlight, rear intensity light should be put “ON”. Dust code should be followed.

3)

Rain makes road slippery causing loss of control of vehicle at higher speeds.

4)

The breakdown vehicle landing on road, people carrying out road repair work and any animal on the road, If not seen by the driver in time cause the accident. Hence, the break down vehicle should be pulled off the road, barriers and warning signboards should be put up for repair work and the driver should be vigilant. Page 55/66

Driver: -

50.

1)

The driver should have valid R.O.P. driving license and PDO permit and follow all driving rules.

2)

It should be ascertained that driver has understood the journey plan.

3)

Driver should check the vehicle and have sufficient fuel, water, and food for long journey.

4)

Driver should adjust the speed as per road condition but not more than prescribed speed for the road.

5)

A tired or sleepy driver is very dangerous; he should take rest in such condition. Under normal condition heavy-duty driver should take one-hour rest after four hours driving.

FIRST AID First Aid refers to the emergency treatment given to a person suffering from an accident or sudden illness until doctor attends. First aid has three important aims viz. Preserve life, promote recovery and prevent worsening of the casualty’s condition. TIPS FOR FIRST AID: Artificial respiration (Mouth to Mouth) If breathing has stopped, artificial/ manual respiration can be performed but experienced person will carry out former method. Basic Life Supports: - Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Air Way: Lay victim on his back. If any foreign matter is in his mouth, turn head to one side, force mouth open and wipe it out with fingers. Tilt head as far back as possible by holding the crown of the head with one hand and pull the chin. This makes air passage clear to his lungs. Breathing: Keep his head tilted backward and separate lips with thumb. Open your mouth widely and place it tightly over his mouth. Press your cheek against his nostrils to prevent air leakage. Watch the victim’s chest as you blow, when it rises take your mouth away and let his breathe out naturally. Listen to the air being exhaled. Make the first ten breaths deep and at a rapid rate to give a good quick supply of life giving oxygen.

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Circulation: If victim does not respond to above method start the circulation method. Keep palm of your one hand 1 inch below breastbone, other hand above it and give 5 presses. Remove hand and give one breathing. Continue it till you feel the pulse. If breathing is not restored, continue breathing checking the pulse at intervals. After getting heart and breath working, put the patient in recovery pose. Electrical Shock: Remove the patient from the source of danger. Make a rapid examination to ensure that the air passages are free, and clean them if necessary restore natural breathing by artificial respiration if breathing has ceased. Load: 1) The load should be properly kept and tied firmly to avoid loosening and movement during transportation. 2) Care should be taken for hazardous material to avoid spillage. 3) The weight of load should be less than capacity of vehicle. 4) Suitable warning sign should be displayed on vehicle for hazardous material.

51

WORK PERMIT No work can be started unless there is validated permit available on site. The validation is to be obtained from area authority (station operator). Work permit provide the work description, the hazards and precautions to be taken in the work, i.e. to be carried out. Once the permit holder accepts the permit, he is responsible for carrying out the work is safe manner. Permit holder should understand the nature of work, its hazard and precautions through Job safety plan. He should make use of this information for his toolbox talks to carry out work safely. Cuts & Wounds: Stop bleeding (by direct pressure; direct finger pressure into the wound in cases of larger bleeding wound. Tourniquets use only as a last resort). Wipe out the wound with clean sterile cloth. Avoid touching the wound with hands or unsterile material. Clean the wound by running water. Apply ready-made adhesive bandage or sterile gauze and roller bandage as needed. Burns: Act quickly; Put the affected part in cold water; Pour the water over burns that cannot be immersed. Cover with a sterilized dressing and get medical help immediately. Page 57/66

Suffocation: Remove the patient from the source of danger; make a rapid examination to ensure that the air passages are free, and to clean them if necessary. Restore natural breathing by artificial respiration if breathing has ceased. Eye Injury : Removal may be attended with the help of someone if foreign body is not embedded. In case of chemical burns, wash eyes with water for 15 minutes & apply sterile bandage. Don’t apply oil or ointment. Send the victim to the doctor. Poisoning: Remove the victim from the site taking precautions for the personal safety o the rescuer. Make the victim lie down and keep him quiet and warm. Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash affected skin with plenty of water. Seek medical treatment when anyone has symptoms apparently due to swallowing, inhalation or contact with skin or eyes. Fracture: Arrange the limbs in as natural position as possible without causing undue discomfort to the patient. Apply splints of any rigid material long enough to extend beyond the joints above and below fracture. Fasten splints firmly with bandage at least at three places. Transport the victim on the rigid frame to hospital. In neck fracture cases it is advisable to get a doctor to the scene for danger to life is great.

52

WORKING IN CONFINED SPACE Hazards:

Consequences :

Oxygen deficiency Toxic gases Hydrocarbons Entry of chemicals Electrically operated Equipment Asphyxiation Consequences of toxic gases Fire / Explosion Consequences of chemicals Present Personal injury

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Precaution : -

Ensure following :

Confined space is thoroughly cleaned. Electrically isolated & locked out key to be carried by persons working in confined space. Mechanical isolation. Gas test including test for % Oxygen. Proper access to and egress from confined space. Use appropriate P.P.E. Respiratory protection based on the results of gas tests and review of the work to be performed. Standby person is required.

Note: Emergency notification, response and rescue plans must be made in advance.

53

TRANSPORTATION OF HEAVY PLANTS & EQUIPMENT Hazards

:

Vehicular traffic Overhead lines Bridges

Consequences: Injury to personnel Damage to property Precaution : Before transporting any load, ensure following: -

Intended load to be carried (Dimensions, weight & what is the load comprise of). Provide suitable vehicles. Competent Driver loading staff (helper) Use suitable vehicle platform / bed (e.g. low for heavy plant). Ensure vehicle bed is strong enough. Size of any overhang of the load be safe and within authorized limits. Anchorage points for securing load should be in sound condition. Select appropriate route keeping road condition in mind (It is not a pipeline / flowline rights of ways). Height of vehicle to be safe. (i.e. not very tall, endangering bridges or overhead power cables). Load should be correctly placed and as close as practicable to the headboards. Even weight distribution on the floor and heavier item on the bottom. If another piece of plant is to be loaded, it should face the rear of vehicle. Driver on the way should stop and check the load and the tyre condition at regular interval.

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WORKING NEAR OVERHEAD LINE

54

Hazards

: High Voltage overhead lines.

Consequences : Electrocution. Precaution : -

-

Goal posts on either side of the overhead lines to be provided with minimum safety clearance depending upon the voltage of overhead lines. These barriers (goal posts) should be at a horizontal distance of 6 meters from the overhead lines. Banksman to be alert whenever any plant is operational in the area. If any high load is carried ensure that it can pass below the provided goal posts.

Note : Obtain clearance certificate for work near to or passage under overhead line. - If in doubt consult area operational electrical supervisor. WORKING IN OIL & GAS STATIONS

55

Hazards : Hydrocarbons Toxic gases (e.g. H2S) High pressure lines Noise Movement of plant & vehicles Presence of gases in trenches /excavation Consequences : Fire explosion Asphyxiation Explosion / Fire Hearing impairment Injury, damage to property Fire explosion, Asphyxiation Precaution : -

No smoking. Do not carry gas lighter / matchbox. In H2S area carry H2S monitor and escape hood. Use walkways; do not climb on pipelines for crossing. Do not rest on pipelines. In noisy area use ear protection. Before entering existing trenches /excavation more than 1 m deep, ensure gas test. Keep safe access clear for any emergency and report at the assembly point. Know the nearest gate from which to escape. Do not run but walk quickly to the assembly point. Remember emergency telephone No. 5555 Page 61/66

56

HYGIENE Maintaining good hygiene in residential accommodation, camp surroundings, kitchen, food storage & clinic is essential because unhygienic conditions cause adverse effect on health damage of persons due to infections. Maintaining good personal hygiene also is important. Regarding the above, ensure the following: -

-

Keep the residential accommodation, camp, surroundings and ablution in clean condition by regular cleaning / washing, collection and disposal of waste. Apply appropriate disinfectants to avoid infection due to flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, etc. (insects). Provide fly mesh, insectocutors wherever required. Storage grains, vegetables and other food items in appropriate controlled temperature to prevent decay. Look for expiry date for packed food. Don’t use if expired. Use clean vessels for cooking and keeping cooked food. Keep the cooked food covered. Dispose waste food and kitchen waste daily as per procedure.

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE The following are to be considered while maintaining good industrial hygiene: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Dust, fume and other similar chemical hazards. Noise Lighting Ventilation Heat

All efforts should be made to identify, assess and take appropriate control and protective measures against the same.

57

SEAT BELTS -

Seat Belts save lives. Seat belts hold you in place during rollover, crash and sudden braking and prevent / reduce injury. Wear seat belt whenever the vehicle is moving – Do not relax on your safety. Wear seat belt properly by fastening it. By posing that you are wearing seat belt, you are cheating non other than yourself. Tell others, if they are not wearing seat belt. Co-passengers not wearing seat belt, can cause you injury during rollover. Report to your Supervisor / S.O., if you find any defect in seat belt provided. Do not tamper with seat belts and render them useless. Page 62/66

Page 63/66

58.

LADDERS -

59.

Always use ladder for safe access to a scaffold / work platform / for any other work at height. Non use of ladder where required / improper use / use of defective ladders will lead to fall of persons from height and thus injuries to persons due to Slip Sliding Failure of ladders Always inspect the ladders before use. Do not use defective ladder(s). Ensure that ground is non slippery and in level. Safe angle for keeping ladder is 15 0 from vertical. Always lash (Tie to a fixed structure) the ladder to prevent slippage / sliding sideways. Lash the ladders at the rails not at the rungs. If wooden ladders are used, do not paint them, as it will hide any defect present. Always face towards the ladder, both while ascending and descending. Keep both the hands free (Do not carry any materials by your hands) while climbing up / down the ladder. Keep the ladder in right location. Do not over reach while standing on a ladder. Max. Height permitted for single ladder is 9 meters.

ROAD SAFETY Hazard

:

R.T.A. (Road Traffic Accident)

Consequences

:

Personal injury Damage to property

Precaution

:

Check vehicle before the start of the journey. Use Safety Shoes. Wear seat belts. Obey road signs. On graded road keep headlights on. Do not overtake in dust. Pull off and stop if visibility is poor. Do not exceed speed limit of 80 Km/h. Drive according to the road condition. Take rest if you feel tired. Do not drive for more than 10 hours in a day. Carry adequate quantity of water & food, if necessary. In case of vehicle break down, remain with the vehicle. Carry journey plan and know your route. On reaching destination inform the journey manager.

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60.

HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION OF GAS CYLINDERS Hazard : Hydrocarbons, explosive, high pressure Handling – Manual / Mechanical Consequences : Fire / Explosion Damage to property or personal injury due to fire or explosion. Take care while transporting / handling personally. If not handled correctly could injure person, may be by drooping or back injury. Precautions : Cylinders to be transported in upright position, placed in sectional boxes or containers so that it does not strike against each other with their protective guards. Check lifting equipment before use. It should not be dropped from a height. It should be lowered under controlled condition. For short distance transportation suitable handcart should be used or to be rolled over its bottom edge but never drag. For road transportation provide hazard sign board on vehicle with suitable fire extinguisher.

61.

MANUAL HANDLING The improper manual handling and wrong postures have given painful sufferings to many people during their normal work. The nature has given man beautifully designed body to carryout different tasks but he problem arises when these parts are overloaded or overstretched. While handling load manually the main load is taken by the backbone, which is made of 33 bones connected with pads in between, and many nervous veins pass through it. The excessive press due to improper handling cause punctures of pad or compression of veins or damage to muscular tissues, which are very painful. Using correct method of lifting a load can eliminate such problems. Hazards

-

:

Slipped disc Strained back Sprain Strain Internal injury (Hernia) External injury

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Precautions: 1) Know the load – its weight, size and any sharp edges. 2) The maximum permitted safe load is 55 Kg. For adult man. For heavier load use more persons of similar physic. 3) Position the legs such a way that one foot is on the side of load and other one foot apart following it. Thus the load will be close to body. 4) Bend the knees. 5) Grip the load with full palm. 6) Keep the chin tucked in. 7) Keep back straight. 8) Lift the load and move forward. Thigh muscles will take the load. 9) Don’t twist the body. 10) While putting the load down maintain the position of leg, back, chin and knees as during lifting action. 11) Use safety shoes, hand gloves and other PPE’s as per requirement of the type of load.

62.

FENCING The fencing of any area is done to prevent unauthorized entry and thus saving the person or animal from injury and loss of property, sometimes very important and dangerous. The fencing of gas or oil wells, transformer process stations are some examples where utmost care should be taken to avoid accidents. 1) Where required work should be done under permit to work system. 2) The movement of plant (JCB) or vehicle used should be controlled to avoid knocking of equipment and property. 3) The underground service lines passing through the fence should be located with the help of drawings, cable detector. The excavation for fence poles should be done with hand tools in these areas. 4) The defect free tools should be used. 5) The concrete mixer should be checked for any defect. 6) The sharp ends fence and binding wire may pick the hands hence hand gloves should be used. 7) PPEs like H2S monitor should be used, if required at site.

63.

WORKING ON ROADS IN USE Hazards : Vehicular traffic Consequences : Personal injury & damage. Precaution : - Necessary road sings to be in place (Road close, Diversion, Men at work, etc.) - Flagman to guide the traffic - Ensure blinker lights at night. Note : Road closure notice to be issued through P.D.O. Supervisor 72 hours in advance.

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64.

CELLAR CLEANING Hazards :    

Oxygen deficiency. Toxic gas (H2S). Hydrocarbons. Snakes / Scorpions.

Consequences :    

Death Consequences due to H2S (depending on its concentration). Fire Explosion. Poisoning due to snake / scorpion bite.

Precaution :      

65.

Do not enter the cellar without gas test. Checks for snakes / scorpions using shovel handle before entering the cellar. In H2S area carry H2S monitor and escape hood. All personnel shall be H2S trained. No smoking. Use gumboots for protection against snake / scorpion bite or if oil is present cellar.

WORKING ON ROOF AND FRAGLE ROOF Hazards :

Fall from height

Consequences : Personal injury Precaution : -

-

Erect and use scaffolding for access to the roof. While working on the roof use safety harness, whose line shall be lashed to a rigid support. If rigid support is not available than a rope should be tied to rigid supports and this rope to be used for lashing the lifeline. Do not drop tools from height. If any electrical tool, i.e., used should be defect free and lead wire free from insulation cut and in one piece. Use necessary P.P.E. such as hand gloves for handling roofing sheets to avoid hand injuries.

Note : -

For storage of roof sheets, keep adequate load on sheets to avoid being blown by wind. Do not work on high roof during heavy wind or dust storm. Page 67/66

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66.

AIR COMPRESSOR AND PNEUMATIC TOOLS Hazards : Release of high pressure hose due to;  Loose connection / improper connection.  Rupture of defective hose Will cause it to move haphazardly with force and can cause injury to persons in that vicinity.  Bursting of pressure vessel due to; - Defective vessel - Excessive pressure Can cause serious injury to persons nearby. -

Fly off of accessories like pr. Gauges, valves, etc. due to improper mounting. Use of compressed air for cleaning body parts may cause injury due to small solid particles (iron filings etc.) coming along with air. Unguarded moving parts of prime mover of compressor (pulleys drive belt etc.) can cause injury. Use of equipment like jackhammer, rock breaker, riveting, etc. will create highlevel noise. Operation of prime mover and compressor may create high-level noise depending on the size of the machine. Exposure to high-level noise can cause hearing impairment.

Precautions : -

Secure the hose with coupling with couplings with proper size clips. Engage the couplings properly and bind them with binding wire. Ensure all the connections are secure before starting operation. Do not operate with defective equipment. Ensure all the mountings are fitted properly on to the pressure vessel. Ensure pressure switch, relief valve are functioning properly. Ensure use of ear protection in case of noisy operation. Ensure the high-pressure air hose is free of cuts and other damages. Replace damaged hoses immediately. Do not use compressed air to clean your body parts. Ensure all moving machinery parts are guarded / covered properly. Lay the high-pressure hose properly to prevent trips / falls / obstructions.

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AL TURKI ENTERPRISES LLC DCME & I ENGG. SERVICES C-6800446

TOOL BOX MEETING Job Order No./PTW No.

:

Date & Time

:

Location

:

Conducted By :

Point Discussed : Activity / Agent

Health Risk Assessment Agent 1) Heat 2) Dust 3) Manual lifting 4) Work Stress 5) ……………. 6) ……………. 7) ……………. “BACK TO BASICS”

Hazards

Control Measures

Exposure Route Control 1) Whole body Short breaks,Water,Shed 2) Inhalation / eyes Mask,Balaclava,Goggle 3) Whole body Training / Awareness 4) Mental Discuss with Supervisor 5) ……………… 6) ……………… 7) ……………… “SIMPLE AS THAT…” Your safety is finally in your own hands.

We must Have the correct Safety attitude ! Use the Safety training provided ! Follow work procedures strictly !

Ensure our subordinates do the same at all the times !

If a job is not safe, “STOP and talk to your supervisor If you see a workmate in danger tell him so Your Safety is as simple as that

Stop the job, if not safe !

Sr.# 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

Name

ATE #

Sign.

Sr.# 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Name

ATE #

Sign.

Sign of supervisor/Foreman/Permit Holder:……………………………………………

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