Titolo Della Lezione: Futurity: Present Simple And Continuous; Going To;

Titolo della lezione: Futurity: Present Simple and Continuous; Going to; Will / Shall

Futurity: Present Simple and Continuous; Going to; Will / Shall

Futurity

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In English the future is expressed in 3 ways:

Simple Present and present continuous; 2.Using the ‘going to’ form; 3. Using the auxiliary verbs ‘will / shall’ to form the simple future tense. ‰Each of the above is used in different occasions. 1.

Futurity: Present Simple and Continuous; going to; 1 [for people]

[for timetables, schedules, programmes]

• I’m visiting the Boston branch next Friday. I’m leaving at 8.00 in the morning. (E’ stabilito, ho programmato di farlo).

•The plane for Boston leaves at 8.00 a.m. from Rome airport. The train for the airport leaves at 6.00 a.m. from the hotel.

¾In Italian you would use: the present tense for both cases. 2 [I’ve decided; I think and I intend to do this]

• My car is old, I’m going to sell it and buy a more economical car. •Peter hasn’t finished the accounts, he’s going to work overtime to finish it. • Mary is going to do her food shopping after work. • The Human Resources Manager is going to hire new staff. The decision was made in the last Board Meeting.

Futurity:

3 [Inevitable, automatic future]

Will / Shall

• John will be fifty-two on his next birthday. • I shall need some milk for tomorrow morning. • We shall all grow old, sooner or later. • You will understand English much better in a few months’ time. • He will feel cold without a coat in December. • I won’t be here tomorrow. I’m going to the doctor’s.

With I and we you can use shall in place of will. Do not use shall with you / they / he / she / it. Therefore: I shall be 20 on my next birthday You will be 30 on your next birthday. He / She will be 40 on his / her next birthday. We shall be old one day. You’ll be there by 9:00, there’s plenty of time. They’ll arrive sooner or later.

Transformations of the Future Verbs - 1 ‘going to’ form

I

am

write to the Human Resources Manager.

You are He /She/ It

is

send the company a reminder letter. (not) going to

sign the contract in the afternoon. confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow.

We / You / They are

Am

I

Are

you

Is

he / she / it

write to the Human Resources Manager? send the company a reminder letter? going to

sign the contract in the afternoon? confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?

Are we / you / they

Transformations of the Future Verbs - 2 Future simple Shall / Will

I

will / shall

(won’t / shan’t)

You will He /She/ It will

write to the Human Resources Manager. send the company a reminder letter.

(won’t )

sign the contract in the afternoon. confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow.

We / You / They will

Will / Shall

I

Will

you

Will

he / she / it

write to the Human Resources Manager? send the company a reminder letter? sign the contract in the afternoon? confirm the appointment for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?

Will we / you / they