Ti Digital Audio A

TI Digital Audio Jun 2005 Chad chen ([email protected])

Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

开

启 音 频 新

纪

元

TacT Millennium, 1998

“The next era has arrived…” David Smith, SONY Studios 副总裁    

Toccata/TI 开发了世界上第一台真正的数字功放 . 1999 记载在 Guinness 书内 . 第一个产品实现 equibit 技术 . world wide( 环球 ) 杂志封面刊登赞赏 TI 的优越音质 .

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音乐 频放大 器系 统的进 化 Legacy Linear Amp Model Linear Amplifier

Stereo DAC

Linear Amplifier

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Historical Model

“TI TDAA” Integrated Model

PWM Modulator

Power BiPolars

Stereo DAC

Power Device

Power FETs

Class D Modulator

TAS51XX

TAS50XX

Power PWM Modulator

Device TAS51XX

为什么 消费者 要做 选用数 字功 放  模拟 功率 放大器 (Linear Class AB) 

Efficiency: 40-60%    

笨重和 巨大 高热和 噪声 较短的 电池 时间 消耗两 倍的 电源功 率。

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 数字 功率 放大器 (TDAA Class D) 

Efficiency: ~ 90%    

轻薄时 尚 低热和 安静 延长电 池供 电时间 节约能 源

TDAA Class D 优势

高效 率 

理论值 >90%, 实际最 少达到 值 >85%  较低的 电流需求。 可以使 电池 的供电 时间 更长。 较少的 功率 输入也 可以 得到相 近的 功 率输出 。

 较低的 散热温度。 小封装 小散热片 

降低对 电源 供应功 率的 要求 。  低负载

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The Class D Advantages

• 1/3 • 1/2 • 2/3 Cost

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Size Power System

Class D Amplifier Advantages - Efficiency

600

The Class D Efficiency Statement 6-Channel: 35W x 6 = 210W

500 400 300

240W

23W

200 100

450 Watts

210W

210W

Linear Class AB

Class D

0 Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

233 Watts

Class D Amplifier Advantages - Cost The Class D Savings Statement 6-Channel: 35W x 6 = 210W $50.00 $45.00 $40.00 $35.00 $30.00 $25.00 $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

散热片

$ystem$ $aving$

电源供 给 输出功 率 控制 驱动 保护电 路

Linear Class AB

Class D

一般 的 Class D Power Amp 结构 分立 MOSFETs

Analog Audio

模拟转 PWM  调制

三角波产生电路 (~ 500 KHz)

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MOSFET  驱动

分立保护线路

输出滤波 (~ 40 KHz)

“New” TDAA Digital Class D 具备完 整的 信号 处理能 力

Digital Audio

PCM­PWM  “TDAA”

½ TAS5000/10/12

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Power  Output 

TAS5100/10

Output Filter (~ 40 KHz)

TI-Digital Amplifier 基本原理 Digital Source CD /DVD /DAB /SACD /MP3

Digital Upsampler, Linearity Corrector and Modulator 24 bit 32-192kHz PCM

V+

Digital PCM to PWM PWM Processor Control

TAS50XX family

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Switching Output stage

TAS51XX family

PCM Signal

Amp Fs = 1 / T

T

X(4) X(1)

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X(2)

X(3)

X(5)

X(6)

Time

PCM → PWM (“natural”)

x(1)

PCM

PWM

Area ~ sample value x(2)

A

x(3)

A

A

T

T

time

Pulse: Fixed Amplitude + Variable duration Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

什么是 全桥 和 BTL?  全桥是由桥 A 和桥 B 两个完 全相同的通道构成的。  每个通道都能供应一路 PWM 输出。  全桥是一个对称的输出信号 所以它不需要电容做耦合。  全桥能供给的峰峰值电压是 电源电压的两倍，所以他能 输出很高的功率。

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什么 是半桥 和 SE ?  SE 就是由一个半桥构成的 功率放大器。  半桥能达到的输出峰峰值 和电源的电压一样。 低功率  较少 FET  低成本  需要上拉电容和对地电容 限制直流输出电压  有点 pop/click 问题。

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TI TDAA Solution

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Performance & Integration

TAS50xx Digital Amplifier PWM ICs TAS5518

 8ch  32kHz to 192kHz Fs  >100dB and 110db  EQ, DRC, tone ctrl  AM Avoidance

TAS5015

TAS5508

 4ch  32kHz to 192kHz Fs  >100dB  EQ, DRC, tone ctrl  AM Avoidance

TAS5012 TAS5010

TAS5504

TAS5086

2 channels ✔32kHz to 192kHz Fs ✔96dB, 102dB and 110dB

TAS5076 TAS5036

 8ch  >100dB

TAS5066 TAS5026

TAS5001 TAS5000

2 channels ✔32kHz to 96kHz Fs ✔94dB 2 channel ✔32kHz to 96kHz Fs ✔92dB

2001 Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

2002

6 channels ✔ 32kHz to 192kHz Fs ✔ 96dB and 102dB ✔ Digital high performance volume control ✔ Soft volume (24 bit)

TAS5028 6 channels ✔ 32kHz to 192kHz Fs ✔ 97dB and 105dB ✔ MIX ,LOW BASS

6 channels ✔ 32kHz to 192kHz Fs ✔ 97dB and 105dB

2003

Product Release

2 004

2 005

TAS51xx Digital Amplifier Power Stage ICs Gate Driver ICs

TAS5192

Power & Integration

TAS5182

Fully Integrated Power Stage ICs

2 channels, 250W @ 4 ohms BTL ✔4 channel, 67W @ 4 ohms SE

2 channels ✔100W @ 6 ohms BTL ✔40W @ 4 ohms SE

TAS5121 1 channels ✔100W @ 4 ohms BTL

TAS5112

TAS5101 2 channels ✔15W @ 4

TAS5111

TAS5186

1 channel 2 channels ✔70W @ 4 ohms BTL ✔50W @ 6 ohms BTL

TAS5110 TAS5100 1 channel ✔30W @ 4 - 8 ohm ✔15WX2 SE

2001 Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

2002

2 channels ✔30W @ 6 ohms BTL

2003

Product Release

2 channels ✔120W @ 4 ohms BTL

5.1 channels ✔210W @ 6 ohms SE

TAS5122

1 channel ✔50W @ 4

TAS5152

2 004

TAS5142 2 channels ✔100W @ 4 ohms BTL

2 005

TI-TDDA 的优势 

可靠性  完整的 短路过流保护 电路  热保护 (120C 警告 , 150C 关机 )  热量产生低 ( 高效率 )~70-80 度，长时间工作。



性能  192kHz 采样频率和 88kHz 带宽 .  4th/5th 改变噪声。  现在市场上最高的信噪比 (up to 110 dB)  低噪声调制。  没有 clicks 和 pop 声音。  最高功率空间 (up to 120 W @ 4 ohms)  48Bit 信号处理调制。

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TI-TDAA 的优 势 ( 续表 ) 

轻松的产品整合 :  EMI and AM 冲突解决 方法  封装有从 PCB 或散热片挥发两种选择 (Heat pad on solder or top side)



最快的占领市场 :  已经在大批量的生产 TAS50XX 和 TAS51XX 系列 IC  非常多的参考设计。  供应商有非常多的 SMPS 样板支持。  不同的 MPEG 供应商我们都有完整的 DVD 功放设计参考 TI 在 TDAA 产品有权威级别的认证的资格。

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设计 TDAA 应用上的考虑

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主 要 部 件 的 选 用  大多数电阻可以使用普通的 0603 和 0805 。  部分电阻用应在 RC 阻尼网络中考虑到需要有更高的承受能 力  

元件值一般为 0.5 ohms 到 2.7ohms high -surge 1206 or Mini-Melf types

 滤波电路放置的标准区域 :   



放置在输出的最终点。 放置在电源输入的经过点上。 直接放在 TAS51XX 的电源输入引脚尽可能近的地方

重点 ! – 每个高电源输入脚到 TAS51XX 的引脚之间要保持 40-50mm 的长度，主要是用来形成一个电感量做一个滤波网 络的过冲纹波和决少 EMI 干扰的问题的作用。

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输 出 滤 波 构 成

 电感电流大雨输出电流 . 不能饱和 . 电敢的值取决 于数字功率放大起器件 , 小功率 5~6 安 , 大功率 10~12 安 .  电感应该有屏蔽曾 . 防止 EMI 和交叉干扰 . 输出 电容器应该为塑料薄膜点容器 .  插件电感比贴片电感便宜 .  薄膜电容比陶瓷电容性能好 .  主电源滤波电容建议使用低频 ESR 的电容 , 因为它

能直接影响到最终产品输出的 THD 值 .

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供电电压 \ 输出功率 \ 和负载之间的关系

35 30

Po vs. RL - 17, 19, 21, 23 Vbridge

watts

25 20

Vcc=17V Vcc=19V

15

Vcc=21V Vcc=23V

10 5 0 0

5

10 ohms

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15

20

DVD Receiver Examples

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50W x 6 DVD receiver DIT4192

CD DVD

DIT

S/PDIF 192KHz

SMPS

Voltage Regulator DIX1700 with Master Mode

CD DVD DTV REC D-Out

Tuner

3.3V

DIX TAS5112 TAS5026

MUX

TI DSP DA610 (AC3,DTS,AAC)

CODEC PCM3X00 Under Development

Modulator with Volume Control

ADC IIC

AUX PCM1748

REC A-Out

Power Stage Power Stage

PCM1801

MUX

Power Stage

DAC

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MPU

PCM1770

VR Control

DAC +HP Driver with Volume Control

100W x 6 DVD receiver DIT4192

CD DVD

DIT

S/PDIF 192KHz

SMPS

Voltage Regulator

UC 3849

DIX1700 with Master Mode

CD DVD DTV REC D-Out

Tuner

3.3V

40V TAS5182

DIX

Power Stage

MOSFET MOSFET

TAS5036

MUX

TI DSP DA610 (AC3,DTS,AAC)

CODEC PCM3X00 Under Development

Modulator with Volume Control

MOSFET

Power Stage

MUX

Power Stage

ADC IIC

AUX PCM1748

DAC

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MOSFET

MOSFET

PCM1801

REC A-Out

DC/DC Converter

MPU

PCM1770

VR Control

MOSFET

DAC +HP Driver with Volume Control

DVD receiver Block Diagram SMPS

DVD Drive

DIR170 3 S/PDIF DIT

Voltage Regulato r

3.3V

TAS5508 MPEG Decoder MUX Tuner

8 Channel Modulator with audio processing

AUX

ADC

3.3V IIC MCU

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Power Stage Power Stage Power Stage

PCM1801

MUX

TAS5112

Headphon e Driver

Power Stage

TAS5508 PWM Modulator

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TAS5508 主要功 能  时钟接口 

自动时钟侦测 (with 13.5 MHz Crystal reference)

 48-bit 数字音频信号处理      

混频 音量管理 \ 低音管理 \ 高音管理 动态压缩控制 响度控制 支低音管理 无信号自动静音 \ 软件静音

 PWM 处理    

> 102-dB 动态压缩 5 级降噪 支持音量控制电源 隔直滤波器

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TAS5508 内部方 块图

Clock, PLL, Serial Data I/F

Serial Control I/F Reset, PowerDown, Status Power Regulation

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Audio Processing

8 x 8 M i x er

PWM Processing Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

DRC

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

Auto Mute

PWM Conv.

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

DRC

7 Soft Soft Master Loudness BiQuads Tone Volume Volume Comp.

8 x 2 M i x er

O u t p u t C o n t r o l

TAS5508 通道处 理流程

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低音管理 在卫星箱加低音功放系统里 , 我们可以把较高的频 率送到小音箱里 , 把其中的低頻成分通过低音管理 电路送到低音炮里面 . Why is this okay? <120hz has no directional effect Objective is to use small cheaper satellite speakers.

ts en s m tion ple ra Im gu 8 nfi 50 Co S5 by TA Dol all

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Loudness Controls  Fletcher-Munson  

Head Transfer is non linear Low frequencies (at Low volume) are perceived as too soft by the ear

 Solution - Loudness Contour  Boosted bass response   

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Adjustable frequency Configurable shape Programmable gain

 TAS5508 is the only solution with Dedicated Loudness  It can be used as a System button feature or just happens in the background

Loudness Controls

 Loudness Function = f (V) = G * [2 [(Log V)*LG + LO]] + O or alternatively, f (V) = G * [V LG * 2LO] + O  For the default values LG = -0.5, LO = 0.0, G = 1.0, and O = 0.0, Then Loudness Function = 1 / SQRT (V) which is the recommended transfer function for loudness. So, Audio Out = (Audio In) * V + H (Z) * SQRT (V). Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

Dynamic Range Compressor/Expander (DRC/E) Benefits and Uses  Above (Compression) and below (Expansion) the “threshold”, automatically adjusts volume to flatten or expand volume level  

      Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

Used extensively in Pro-Audio Enables interesting listening effects  Example “Midnight mode” Noise reduction Prevents Speaker Excursion Adjustable attack, decay Adjustable threshold Adjustable compression level

Dynamic Range Compression/Expansion  Dynamic Range Compression automatically adjusts gain to flatten or expand volume level One DRC for Satellites and one DRC for Sub Each DRC has Dual Thresholds (Three Slopes) Adjustable Threshold and Compression Levels Programmable Attack and Decay Time Constants “Transparent Compression” - Compressors can attack fast enough to avoid apparent clipping before engaging, and the decay times can be set slow enough to avoid pumping.

    

Night Time Mode

Home Theater Mode 0 -12

3:1 Compression 2:1 Compression

-48 -60

1:1 Compression

1:1 Compression

-120 -132

3:1 Compression

-120 -132 -144

Subwoofer

Satellite

Input Amplitude (dB)

12

0

-12

-24

12

-36

-12

-48

-36

-60

-60

-72

-84

-84

-108

-96

-132

-108

-156

Input Amplitude (dB)

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-84 -96 -108

-120

-144 -156 -156

1.5:1 Compression

-72

-132

-96 -108

1.5:1 Compression

8:1 Compression

-48 -60

-144

-72 -84

6:1 Compression

-24 -36

-156

Output Amplitude (dB)

-24 -36

Output Amplitude (dB)

0 -12

Cascaded Biquads BiQuad Filter Structure b0 48

28 X

76

∑

76

a1

b1

Z-1 48

28 X

76

76

b2

Z-1 48

28 X

Z-1 48

a2 28

X

48

Magnitude Truncation

76

76

28 X

Z-1 48

 56 BiQuad Filters @ 48/96kHz or 24 @ 192kHz 

Seven BiQuad Filters per channel

 2nd Order Direct Form I IIR Filter Type   

No Limit Cycling prevents noise with low input signals Flexible structure supports a wide range of filter types Easy to use

 High Precision Filters   

48 bit x 28 bit = 76 bit precision Worry-free processing due to 8 bits for headroom and 16 noise bits No need for pre/post/intermediate scaling which simplifies the design and helps get the product to market faster.

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AM Interference Avoidance

 AM Receiver Architecture     

RF (tuned frequency) is 540 kHz to 1840 kHz VFO is set to RF+455 kHz Output of Mixer is RF, VFO, RF+VFO and RF-VFO Output of IF is RF-VFO, 455 kHz Frequencies sensible to interference are RF, 455 kHz and RF+2*455 kHz

 Sample Rate Converter makes minor changes to the switching frequency to keep harmonics away from sensitive frequencies  Tuned frequency must be programmed to register 0xDE  TAS5508 does the rest. TAS5508 automatically select sample rate conversion when programmed Tel: (852) 2411 6505 E-mail : [email protected] Jul.02

TI Digital Amplifiers in the Market

Panasonic SA-XR25/45

Panasonic SC-DT200

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Panasonic SA-XR10

Samsung CHT-350

Panasonic SA-XR10 (2)

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Digital Amp EVM and Reference  TAS5182EVM   

100W x2/6 ohms 102 dB performance 32 - 192 kHz Fs

 Thunderbird EVM (TAS50XX, TAS51XX, TAS3004, DIR1703)   

Available now for evaluations Released to the web, PIC in Nov 2001 Bare board can pass EMI

 TAS5026/TAS5110 Reference Designs 



5.1 channel board (DVD receivers, home theater, multi-channel mini/micro, etc.) Schematics, gerbers, and BOM available

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TAS5182 EVM (100W x 2)

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Thunderbird (TAS5110 EVM, 30W x 2)

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TAS5026 & TAS5110 x 6 Reference (30W x 6)

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600W Reference Design

TAS5026 TAS5182 x 3

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500W Reference Design

TAS5026 TAS5111 x 7

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300W Reference Design

TAS5026 TAS5112 x 3

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200W Reference Design

TAS5026 TAS5112 x 2

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Zoran reference design

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ESS Reference Design

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