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3 ysHUyGm;onfYtjcm;ul;pufa&m*grsm;twGuf aq;0g;ukorIcH,lvsuf&SdonfY trsdK;orD;^ trsdK;om;rsm;wGif HIV ykd; ul;pufjzpfyGml;rItqifYrSm tqkdygumvtwGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;ü 12% rS 6% okdYvnf;aumif;? trsdK;om;rsm;ü 7% rS 3% okdYvnf;aumif; odompGmusqif; cJhaMumif;? jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV a&m*gjzpfyGm;rItEå&m,f trsm;qHk;&Sdolrsm;rSm jynfYwefqm rsm; ESifY rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJolrsm;jzpfaMumif;? 2004ckESpftwGif; jynfYwefqm (4)OD;vQif wpfOD;ESifY rl;,pfaq;0g;ukd aq;xkd;tyfjzifY ukd,fcE¨mwGif; xkd;oGif;oHk;pGJol (3)OD;teuf wpfOD;rSm HIV a&m*gul;qufcH&onf[kcefYrSef;&aMumif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ 7/ ckcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*g(AIDS) onf jrefrmekdifiHwGif t"duOD;pm;ay; wkdufzsuf &rnfYa&m*grsm;teuf wpfcktygt0ifjzpf&m jrefrmekdifiHu AIDS a&m*gul;pufjyefUyGm;rI wm;qD;ESdrfeif;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;tm; trsdK;om;a&;wm0efwpf&yf aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/ jrefrmekdifiH trsdK;om;usef;rma&;aumrwD\ OD;aqmifvrf;nTefrIjzifY usef;rma&;0efMuD; OuúX tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom ekdifiHvHk;qkdif&m AIDS a&m*g wm;qD;a&;aumfrwDtm; rl0g' csrSwfrI ESifYyl;aygif;nSdESdKif;rI A[kdtqifYtjzpf 1989ckESpfrSpwifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ ekdifiHvHk;qkdif&m aumfrwDtm; yHhykd;ay;&efESifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf&ef usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme 'kwd,0efMuD; OD;aqmifonfY vkyfief;aumfrwD wpf&yfukd zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ tvm;wlyif jynfe,f^wkdif;^ jrdKUe,ftqifYrsm;tvkduf AIDS umuG,fa&;ESifY xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDrsm;ukd tqifYqifY zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme? usef;rma&; OD;pD;Xmeonf HIV ESifY AIDS umuG,fjcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;ESifY apmifUa&Smufjcif;vkyfief;rsm;ukd ekdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ckcHtm;usqif;rIa&m*gESifh vdifqufqHrIrSwpfqifh ul;pufonfha&m*grsm; umuG,f xdef;csKyf a&;tpDtpOf (National AIDS/STD Prevention and control Program) \ enf;ynmtaxmuf tyHhjzifY tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfom;xk\ tiftm;ukd&,lum tajccH usef;rma&; xdef;odrf; apmifUa&Smufjcif;enf;vrf;jzifY aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ NAP tm; usef;rma&;0efMuD;Xme ul;pufa&m*gxdef;csKyfa&;XmevufatmufwGif xm;&Sdum XmecsKyfrSm &efukefwGifwnf&SdjyD; ekdifiHt0ef;jynfe,fESifY wkdif;rsm;wGif XmecGJ (43)ck jzefUusufxm;&Sdygonf/ usef;rma&; 0efMuD;XmeESifYtwl oufqkdif&m0efMuD;Xmersm;? ukvor*¾ at*sifpD (7)ck? tjynfjynfqkdif&m NGO (18)ck? jrefrmekdifiH NGO (17)ckESifY jynfolvlxk wpf&yfvHk;u jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV ESifY AIDS wm;qD;a&;twGuf trsdK;om;a&; aqmif&GufrItjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ 8/ jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV ESifY AIDS ESifY qufEG,fonfY umuG,frI? xdef;csKyfrI? apmifYa&SmufrI ESifY yHhykd;rI vkyfief;rsm;ukd t"dur[mAsL[m(6)ckESifY t"duvkyfief;pOf (10)ck wkdYjzifY taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ xkdYtwl jrefrmekdifiHwGif attkdif'D http://www.geocities.com/toetetwai/
4 tufpf a&m*g wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif tjcm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifY yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;onf t"duta&;ygaom tcsufwpfcsufjzpf&m usef;rma&; 0efMuD;Xmeonf tjcm;oufqkdif&m0efMuD;Xmersm;jzpfaom ynma&;?tvkyform;? rD;&xm;? vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifYjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;? jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;Xmersm; omru ukvor*¾tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? jynfwGif; jynfy NGO rsm;?jynfolrsm;ESifYtwl yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ jrefrmekdifiHonf HIV/AIDS ESifYywfoufonfh a'owGif;ESifY tjynfjynfqkdif&mvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif wuf
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5 rsm;jym;vsuf&SdqJjzpf&m? taemuftkyfpkekdifiHrsm;upGyfpGJouJhokdY ]jrefrmekdifiHwGif HIV/AIDS a&m*gjyefYESHYul;pufrIonf a'owGif;okdYyiftEå&m,fjzpfapekdifaom tajctaeokdYa&muf&SdaejyD} [laomtcsufrSm rSm;,Gif;pGm oHk;oyfrIwpf&yfomjzpfygonf/ HIV/AIDS a&m*gonf t"du tm;jzifY obm0ESifY zDvmjzpfaomvdifqufqHrI? rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJrIwkdYrS ul;pufysHUESHUrI trsm;qHk;jzpfonfukd ,aeYynmay;tajctaersm;t& rodolr&Sdoavmufjzpfygonf/ jrefrm vlrsdK;wkdY\ &kd;&m"avh? ,Ofaus;rIESifY xHk;wrf;pOfvmwkdYwGif xkdokdYaomraumif;rIrsm;ukd jyKvkyfekdifjcif;r&Sdatmif tqufqufrS wm;qD;xm;ygonf/ Ak'¨bmom\tajccHjzpfaom Ak'¨ bmom0ifwkdif;cg;0wfykqkd;uJhokdY jrJjrHpGmusifYoHk;&rnfY ig;yg;oDvwGif tqkdygudpörsm;jyKvkyf ekdifjcif;r&Sdap&ef twdtvif;wm;jrpfxm;ygonf/ ekdifiHawmfykdif;taejzifYvnf; wpfbufrS ynmay;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufaeouJhokdY tjcm;wpfbufwGif raumif;rIukd vSHKUaqmf aom AD'D,kd? &kyf&Sif? pmay? &kyfjyrsm;ukd Oya'jyXmef;í wif;usyfpGmwm;jrpfxm;ygonf/ txl;ojzifY t&ufaopmESifY wGJbufa&mif;csonfYpm;aomufqkdifrsm;wGif trsdK;orD;pm;yGJxkd; toHk;jyK&efcGifYjyKrxm;ouJhokdY jynfwefqmvkyfief;ukdvnf; Oya'jzifYwm;jrpfxm;ygonf/ xkdYtjyif jrefrmekdifiHvlxkvlwef;pm;tvTmtoD;oD;tMum; HIV/AIDS a&m*gul;pufjyefYyGm; rIqkdif&m usef;rma&;A[kokwukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY od&Sdem;vnfvsuf&SdvmjyD; aq;0g;uko &mwGifyif wpfcgoHk;aq;xkd;tyftoHk;jyKjcif;? oGm;a&m*gukorIypönf;rsm; oefY&Sif;a&;wkdYukd tav;xm;vmMujyD jzpfygonf/ 11/ jrefrmekdifiHonf raumif;rIrSeforQy,f&Sm;um aumif;rIjyKolrsm;om aexkdif onfYekdifiH[k qkdvkdjcif;r[kwfyg/ vlom;wkdY\ oabmobm0t& raumif;rIwGif arGYavsmfol rsm;vnf; twkdif;twmwpfckjzifY &SdMuygonf/ okdY&mwGif jrefrmYxHk;wrf;tpOftvm? ,Ofaus;rI? rd&dk;zvm "avhp&kdufrsm;t& wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD; cifrif&if;ESD;Muaom eD;uyfpGm aexkdifonfYrdom;pk"avhp&kdufuomreftm;jzifY raumif;rIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef tajctaetvG,f wulrjzpfapaMumif;qkdvkdjcif;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmrIe,fy,fwGif i,fpOfawmifaus; cav; b0rS t&G,fvGefonfYwkdif bkd;bGm;? rdb? armifESrwkdY\ apmifYa&SmufrIESifY uif;uGmí aexkdifekdifol tvGefenf;yg;vSygonf/ jrefrmYvlaerIywf0ef;usifonf wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD; &if;ESD; eD;pyfrIrsm;aom vlaerI 0ef;usif (close-knit society) jzpfygonf/ okdYtwGuf raumif;rI jyKvkyfrnfqkdvQif qdyfuG,f&mr&Sd qdkonfhpum;rSm jrefrmhvlaerIywf0ef;usifESifh tH0ifcGifus jzpfaeygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ yuwd tajctaeudk jrefrmY vlaerI "avhp&kdufukd od&Sdolrsm;u em;vnfekdifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdwkdY vufvSr;f rrSDaom tukd;tum; taxmuf txm;ESifY pGyfpGJzefrsm;vm;vsifrI [kwfoa,mif awGa0MuygvdrfYrnf/
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