Theses

ld,a udlaia

fmdh¾ndya .ek ;Sisi (m%jdo) 1 fmdh¾ndyaf.a fN!;sl jdoh we;=`:j, fuf;la mj;sk fN!;sl jdofha uQ,sl wvq mdvqj kï, foa, i;aNdjh, bkaøSh f.dapr;djh ,nd.kafka jia;=fjka

ke;skï

WmksoaOHdkfhka

ñi,ñksia

bkaøSh

f.dapr

ls%hdldrS;ajfhka, jHjydrfhka iy ufkdauQ, jYfhka fkdùuh. ta ksid, fN!;sl jdohg m%;smlaIj l%shdldrS me;a; ú{dkjdoh úiska j¾Okh flfrk ;;ajhla we;s úh¡ tfy;a th úhqla; f,i muKls¡ ukaoh;a, i;a;lskau ú{dk jdoh ienE, bkaø%Sh f.dapr l%shdldrS;ajh kshu f,i fkdokakd neúks¡ Ñka;k úIhhkaf.ka bkaøSh f.dapr úIhhka i;a;lskau fjka lr .ekSug fmdh¾ndyag jqjukd ù we;¡ tfy;a Tyq ñksia ls%hdldrS;ajh

úIhnoaO

ls%hdldrS;ajh

f,i

fkd.kS¡

tfyhska

‘l%sia;=,íêfha yrh’ keue;s lD;sfhys kHdhsl wdl,amh muKla kshu ñksia wdl,amhla f,i Tyq .Kka .kakd w;r jHjydrh Tyq n,kafka tys kSp yd cdjdrï me;af;ka muKls¡ ta ksid Tyq ‘úma,ùh’ jQo ‘jHjydrsl úfõpljQo l%shdldrS;ajfha’ jeo.;alu jgyd fkd.kS¡ 2 jdia;úl i;Hh ñksia Ñka;khg wdfrdamKh l< yelso hk m%Yakh yqÿ kHhsl m%Yakhla fkdj, jHjydrsl m%Yakhls¡ jHjydrfhaoS ñksid Tyqf.a Ñka;kfha i;H;dj tkï tys l%shdYS,SNdjh, n,h yd f,!lsl;ajh

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Tmamq l< hq;=h¡ jHjydrfhka neyer jQ Ñka;kfha we;s i;H;dj iy wi;H;dj ms<sn`o újdoh yqÿ mKaä; úpdr;ajhla muKls¡ 3 ñksiqka jQ l,S ;;ajfhkaf.a iy YslaIKfha ksIamdos;fhlehs fN!;sl jdoS W.eka ùu lshk w;r tA fya;=j ksid fjkia jQ ñksiqka fjkia jQ ;;ajhkaf.a iy YslaIKfha ksIamdos;fhlehs lshhs¡ tfy;a ;;ajh fjkia lrkq ,nkafka ñksiqka úiska njo, YslaIlhd YslaIKh ,nd isáh hq;= njo tu W.ekaùu wu;l lrhs¡ fï ksid fuu W.ekaùu iudch fldgia follg fkdje,ela úh yelsfia fnod tlafldgila iudchg by<ska (ksoiqkla jYfhka frdnÜ ´jkaf.a fuka) ;nhs¡ ;;ajhkaf.a fjkia ùfï iy ñksia l%shdldrS;ajfha iïmd;kh f;areï .; yelafla;a, hqla;s hqla; f,i jgyd .; yelafla;a úma,ùh jHdmdrhlska muKls¡ 4 wd.ñl wd;au wkai;=lrKh, f,dalh wd.ñl, l,ams; yd ienE f,dalhla f,i oaú.=K lsrSu keue;s i;Hfhka fmdh¾ndya mgka .kS¡ wd.ñk f,dalh tys f,!lsl mokï olajd oshlr yerSfuyS Tyq fhoS isà¡ fuu ld¾hh imqrd,Sfuka blaì;sj, m%Odk foa ;ju;a bgqlr ke;s nj Tyq fkdolS¡ f,!lsl moku ;udf.ka uqla; ù, iajdëk rdchhla fia iaj¾.fha th úiskau ia:dms; ùu, úia;r l< yelafla f,!lsl mokfï iajhx fNaoh iy iajhx m%;súreoaO;djh u`.ska muKls¡ tksid miq lS foh m%:ufhkau ish m%;súreoaO;djfhys wjfndaO lr .; hq;=h¡ bka blaì;sj úma,ùh jHjydrh ;=<ska tu m%;súreoaO;djh bj;a lr,sh hq;=h¡ ta wkqj ksoiqkla

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jYfhka Y=oaO jQ mjqf,a ryi f,!lsl mjqf,ka fy,s lr .;a úg f,!lsl mjq, kHdhsl úfõpkhg iy úma,ùh jHjydrhg Ndckh l< hq;=h¡ 5 úhqla; Ñka;kfhka iEySug m;a fkdjk fmdh¾ndya bkaøSh noaO WmksoaOHkhg wdhdpkh lrhs¡ tfy;a Tyq bkaøSh noaO;djh jHjydrsl, ñksia bkaøSh noaO ls%hdldrS;ajh f,i f;areï fkd.kS¡ 6 wd.ñl yrh udkqIsl yrh olajd fmdh¾ndya úi`od,hs¡ tfy;a udkqIsl yrh tla tla mqoa.,hl=g wfõKsl úhqla;shla fkdfõ¡ tys ioaNdjh wkqj th iudchsl in`o;djkaf.a iuia:h jkafkah¡ fï jdia;úl yrh wrnhd úfõpkhla bosrsm;a fkdlrk fmdh¾ndyag my; i`oyka foa ms<s.ekSug isÿù we;: 1¡ ft;sydisl ls%hdodufhka fjka lr f.k wd.ñl ye`.Su (Gemüt) taffll f,i .Kka .ekSu iy úhqlal;-yqol,d-ñksia mqoa.,fhl= mQ¾j ld,amksl lsrSu¡ 2¡ tneúka Tyq bosrsm;a lrk ñksia yrh .Kka .; yelafla “cdk m%fõKsh” yeáhg;a, fndfyda mqoa.,hka iajNdúl f,i tlai;a lr,k yqÿ wNHka;rsl, f.d`: fmdÿ;djhla yeáhg;a muKls¡ 7 taksid wd.ñl ye`.Su iudchsl ksIamdokhla nj;a, ;ud úiska úYaf,aIKhg Ndckh lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd jdia;úl f,i iudcfha kshñ; rEmldrhlg wh;a nj;a fmdh¾ndya fkdolS¡ 3

8 iudchsl cSú;h uQ,sl jYfhka jHjydrslh¡ kHdh .=`Vjdohg fhduqlrk ish`: wNsryia ish hqla;s hqla; ms<shu ñksia jHjydrh ;=<;a, fuu jHjydrfha wjfndAOh ;=<;a fidhd .kS¡ 9 WmksoaOHdksl fN!;sljdohg, tkï bkaøSh noaO;djh jHjydrsl l%%shdldrS;ajhla f,i jgyd fkd.kakd fN!;sljdohg ,eìh yels Wiia;u ch.%yKh kï, “m%cd iudcfha” ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a WmksoaOHdkh muKls¡ 10 merKs fN!;sljdofha ia:djrh jQ l,S “m%cd iudch” jkafkah; kj fN!;sljdofha ia:djrh jQ l,S ñksia iudch fyj;a iudchsl ñksia ixy;sh jkafkah¡ 11 od¾Ykslfhda f,dalh úúOdldr f,i újrKh l
1845 jika;fha ld,a udlaia úiska c¾uka niska ,shúKs¡

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