The Process Of Communication

N O I T A C I N U M M CO

The process of Communication  Is

the process of exchanging information and the process of generating and transmitting meanings between 2 or more individuals.  It is the foundation of society and the most primary aspect of a nursepatient interaction.

 Communication

involves a source( encoder) ;message , channel and receiver ( decoder  This communication process is initiated based on a stimulus or a patient need must be addressed.  THE PATIENT NEED might be due to a patient’s discomfort , a need for information, or to address any uncertainty the patient might be experiencing

Sender/source (encoder) Person

or group who initiates or begins the communicatio n process

message  Is

the actual physiologic product of the source  Might be a speech interview, telephone conversation , chart , conversation ,gesture , memorandum or nursing note

Channel of communication  Medium

the sender has selected to send the message

 It

might target any of the receiver’s senses

Message

can be sent to the receiver through the ff channels

 A.

AUDITORYspoken words and cues

 B.VISUAL-

sight , observation and perception

 C.

KINESTHETICtouch

RECEIVER OR DECODER  Must

translate or interpret the message sent  Through the translation of message, the receiver must then make a decision about an accurate response

FEEDBACK  Confirmation

of the message provides feedback (evidence) that the receiver has understood the intended message

 FACTORS

THAT DISTORT THEQUALITY OF A MESSAGE Might

be in the form of TV, or from pain or discomfort experienced by patient

4 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION • A. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION • B. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION • C. SMALL-GROUP COMMUNICATION • D. ORGANIZATIONAL

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION  Self-talk;

communication that happens within the individual  Nurses uses self-talk to enhance positive interaction with the pt and family  Is crucial because it affects the nurse’s behavior  Understanding the importance can also help you to work with patient’s and families whose negative self-talk affects their health-care abilities

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION  Occurs

between two or more people with a goal to exchange messages

 Nurses

spent communicating with patients , family members and members of the health team

SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION  Occurs

when nurses interact with 2 or more individuals.  Members of small group must communicate to achieve their goal  Examples: staff meetings; patient care conference , teaching sessions; or support groups

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION  Occurs

when an individual and groups within an organization communicate to achieve established goals.  Nurse on a practice council meeting to review unit policies or nurses working with interdisciplinary groups on strategic planning or quality assurance will use organizational communication to achieve aims

Group dynamics  Can

be described most simply as how individual group members relate to one another during the process of working toward group goals  Each group member uses his/her talents and interpersonal strengths and interpersonal strengths to help the group to accomplish its goals

Group dynamics  Effective

groups posses members who are mutually respectful  Individual group-member roles can be categorized in one or three ways  A)

task-oriented role- focusing on the work to be done (ex: information giver, informtion seeker , clarifier , coordinator , delegator ,energizer , evaluator)

 B.

group –building or maintenance rolesfocusing on the well being of people doing the work. (ex. Active listener , harmonizer, trust builder , tension reliever , or supporter  C. self-servicing roles- which advance the needs of individual members at the groups’ expense (ex: attention seeker , dominator ,blocker ,special pleader , withdrawer, aggressor

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION  COMMUNICATION-

is the process of sending and receiving messages in the forms of Verbal and Non verbal communication techniques.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION  Exchange of information using words ,

including both the spoken and written word  verbal communication depends on language.  LANGUAGE- is a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively  Nurses use verbal communication extensively when providing patient care( giving oral reports to other nurses, writing care plans)

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION  Transmission of information without the use

of words  It is what is not said  Often termed body language  it often helps nurses to understand subtle and hidden meanings in what is being said verbally

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION  Information is exchanged through nonverbal

communication in various ways/ forms  Expresses more of the true meaning of a message than verbal communication ; therefore nurses must be aware of both non verbal messages they receive from patients

FORMS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION  TOUCH viewed

as one of the most effective non verbal ways to express feelings of comfort , love , affection , security , anger , frustration , aggression , excitement and many others

touch

Eye contact / posture

 Eye

contact

 Suggests

respect and a willingness to listen and to keep communication open  Its absence often indicates anxiety or avoidance of communication

 Posture  The

way the person holds the body  Provides nonverbal cues concerning pain and physical limitations

GAIT A BOUNCY PURPOSEFUL WALK USUALLY CARRIES A MESSAGE OF WELL BEING ; LESS PUPOSEFUL OFTEN MEANS THE PERSON IS SAD OR DISCOURAGED

GESTURES

GESTURES USING VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY CAN CARRY NUMEROUS MESSAGES--- example thumbs up ( victory), kicking an object (angry); wringing the hands or tapping a foot indicates anxiety Closed body positions, such as crossed legs or arms folded across the chest, indicate that the interaction might threaten the listener who is defensive or not accepting.

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS FACE – most expressive part of the body  nurse need to learn to control their own facial expressions

GENERAL PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

MODE OF DRESS AND GROOMING 



Healthy people with self esteem tend to pay attention to details of dress and grooming sick> demonstrate little interest in personal appearance

SOUNDS     

CRYING MOANING GASPING SIGHING > can be interpreted in numerous ways

silence 

May indicate complete understanding of each other or might mean that they are angry with each other