The History Of Psychology
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The History of Psychology When
Who
What
Pre-1879
Philosophers, including Plato, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume
Thought and wrote about the nature of knowledge, learning, and experience.
Late 1800’s
Fechner; von Helmholtz
Studied psychophysical phenomena such as the response to light and sound.
1859 & 1871
Charles Darwin
Published The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man.
1879
Wilhelm Wundt
Established a psychology lab in Liepzig. Used introspection in an effort to understand conscious experience.
ca 1879
William James
Established a teaching lab at Harvard. Sought to understand how consciousness functions ("functionalism").
1883
G Stanley Hall
Established a research lab at Johns Hopkins.
Late 1800’s into the 1900’s
Sigmund Freud
Turned from neurology toward studying the mental causes of illness. Established the idea of the subconscious mind and unconscious mental processes. Proposed unconscious conflicts as the cause of neuroses. Founded psychoanalysis, a system of personality, mental disorder, and psychotherapy.
ca 1900
Titchener
Established a lab at Cornell. Sought to elaborate the structure of consciousness ("structuralism").
1913
John B Watson
Published "Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It." Proposed that objectively observable behavior is the only valid subject for psychological study.
1930’s and later
BF Skinner
Developed the "functional analysis of behavior."
1920’s through 1960’s
Various behaviorally-oriented psychologists
Dominated research in psychology leaving consciousness and internal mental states mostly outside the mainstream.
1940’s
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Established humanistic psychology as "the third force" in psychology.
Proposed that behavior and feelings are shaped by human choices and perceptions, especially perceptions about oneself and one’s world. 1960’s and beyond
Cognitive psychologists
Recognized the importance of mental processes in guiding behavior. Established an information processing model for the action of the mind.
1980’s to the present
Evolutionary psychologists
Applied the principles of evolutionary biology to uncover the design of the human mind.
Who
What
Pre-1879
Philosophers, including Plato, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume
Thought and wrote about the nature of knowledge, learning, and experience.
Late 1800’s
Fechner; von Helmholtz
Studied psychophysical phenomena such as the response to light and sound.
1859 & 1871
Charles Darwin
Published The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man.
1879
Wilhelm Wundt
Established a psychology lab in Liepzig. Used introspection in an effort to understand conscious experience.
ca 1879
William James
Established a teaching lab at Harvard. Sought to understand how consciousness functions ("functionalism").
1883
G Stanley Hall
Established a research lab at Johns Hopkins.
Late 1800’s into the 1900’s
Sigmund Freud
Turned from neurology toward studying the mental causes of illness. Established the idea of the subconscious mind and unconscious mental processes. Proposed unconscious conflicts as the cause of neuroses. Founded psychoanalysis, a system of personality, mental disorder, and psychotherapy.
ca 1900
Titchener
Established a lab at Cornell. Sought to elaborate the structure of consciousness ("structuralism").
1913
John B Watson
Published "Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It." Proposed that objectively observable behavior is the only valid subject for psychological study.
1930’s and later
BF Skinner
Developed the "functional analysis of behavior."
1920’s through 1960’s
Various behaviorally-oriented psychologists
Dominated research in psychology leaving consciousness and internal mental states mostly outside the mainstream.
1940’s
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Established humanistic psychology as "the third force" in psychology.
Proposed that behavior and feelings are shaped by human choices and perceptions, especially perceptions about oneself and one’s world. 1960’s and beyond
Cognitive psychologists
Recognized the importance of mental processes in guiding behavior. Established an information processing model for the action of the mind.
1980’s to the present
Evolutionary psychologists
Applied the principles of evolutionary biology to uncover the design of the human mind.
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