The Doctor And Public Health

AGARIN

ALDEMITA

ALVEZ

ANSON

ASPERAS

BALMEO

BARTOLOME

BAWALAN

CASTELO

CLOSA

CO

COMO

CONDE

CRUZ

DELA CRUZ

DELA ROSA

BATCH 2010

BERNARD O DIAZ

BINAG

BISAREZ

BOOL

DOMING O

EVANGELIST A

GABUYO

CABIGTIN G GALANG

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila –effort College of Medicine whether done by a voluntary or a

FCM 3 - THE DOCTOR andgovernment PUBLIC HEALTH agency by Dra. Cruz 13-june-08

GENEBLAZ O MATIAS

ILAGAN

ISANAN

JAMORALIN

JOSE

LAGAS

LAZARO

LIBIRAN

LINTAG

LUZA

MAGSAKAY

MALLARE

MENDING

MOZO

NAGUIT

ODEVILLAS

PATIGAS

PRELIGERA

QUIBULUE

RAMOS

REAŇO

REQUINTA

RODRIGUEZ

SOMBILLA

SOSA

TOLED O

UBALDE

VEGO

VERGAR A

VILLANUEVA

VILORIA

SESSION OBJECTIVES: 1. To define Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2. To discuss the roles of a public health doctor 3. To discuss the concept, approach and goal of PHC 4. To discuss Health for All in the 21st Century based on the ff: a. Policy objectives b. Goals c. Global Health targets to 2020 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE - the science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life & promoting Physical and Mental Health and efficiency Medical Practitioner Health Practitioner dealing w/ individuals groups of & families individuals in a community

Public

MANZAN O SALVADO R

ROLES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH DOCTOR 1. Healer 2. Educator 3. Administrator 4. Researcher 5. Social mobilizer 1970s – growing demand for improved health WHO’s answer was expressed in slogan Health for All by the Year 2000

the

1978 – Alma Alta Conference on PHC > jointly sponsored by the WHO and UNICEF > discussed PHC as one of the ways to bring about the goal of HFA

dealing w/

WHAT IS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE? Clinical Practice Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH - the science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life & promoting physical & mental health & efficiency thru: Organized Community Effort for:  the sanitation of the environment  the control of community infections  the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene  the organization of medical services for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases  the development of a social machinery which will ensure a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health The Agencies set to carry out organized community health activities: 1. Voluntary – private, supported wholly or in large part by non-tax funds ex. NGOs, private clinics, private foundations 2. Governmental – health work carried on thru organized community

Types of PHC:  hospital or clinic-based  community-based  community managed THE CONCEPT PHILOSOPHY based on values  Health as fundamental human right  Health as individual collective responsibility  Health as equal opportunity  Health as an essential element of socioeconomic development - productivity of the people  no socioeconomic dev’t STRUCTURE that is part of the health care system that takes place in the community SERVICES that include:  Education  Food supply and nutrition  Safe water and sanitation  MCH and Family Planning

Immunization  Disease Prevention and Control  Treatment of common diseases  Essential Drugs by: goldi ^_^, adi,, buff, ezrah

THE APPROACH  Partnership with the community  Intersectoral Coordination Intrasectoral – DOH w/ other health care systems such as district hospitals, clinics  w/in the Health Sector Intersectoral – DOH with other government agencies or institutions such as the LGU, NGOs, etc.  Appropriate Technology a. practical – simple to use by the community under local conditions b. scientifically sound – produces side effects with minimal harm c. acceptable to the community  Suitable Manpower  Self-reliance  Equitable distribution of health resources - based on needs  Appropriate health system infrastructure THE GOAL TO ACHIEVE HEALTH FOR ALL THAT IS  Accesible to everyone  Acceptable and affordable to everyone  Based in the community or workplace

HEALTH FOR ALL IN THE 21ST CENTURY - aims to help realize the vision of Health for All launched at the Alma Alta Conference in 1978 - it sets out for the first 2 decades of the 21st century, global priorities and targets w/c will create conditions for people worldwide to reach and maintain the highest attainable level of health throughout their lives - HFA in the 21st Century is a continuation of the HFA process Keys to Achieving HFA: Lessons and Progress a. PHC as an approach has provided impetus and energy to progress towards HFA b. Some progress has been made in ensuring access to the original 8 PHC elements c. PHC remains valid as the point of entry into a comprehensive health care system d. Intersectoral action for health has not been fully achieved e. Reorientation of health services & personnel to PHC principles remains elusive f. Community participation takes time and dedication POLICY OBJECTIVES a. make health central to development & enhance prospects for intersectoral action

b. combat poverty as a reflection of PHC’s concern for social justice c. promote equity in access to health care d. build partnerships to include families, communities & their organizations e. reorient health systems towards promotion of health & prevention of disease GOALS OF HFA  An increase in the life expectancy & in the quality of life for all  Improved equity in health between and within countries  Access for all to sustainable health systems & services GLOBAL HFA TARGETS to 2020 TARGET 1: By 2005, health equity indices will be used within & between countries as a basis for promoting & monitoring equity in health  equity will be assessed on the basis of a measure of child growth  The percentage of children under 5 yrs who are stunted should be less than 20% in all countries and in all specific subgroups within countries by 2020 TARGET 2: By 2020, the targets agreed at world conferences for MMR (maternal mortality rate), under-five or child mortality rate (CMR) and life expectancy will be met MMR – less than 100 / 100,000 live births CMR – less than 45 / 1000 live births Life expectancy at birth – over 70 yrs for all countries Optional indicators: infant, neonatal, and adult mortality rates TARGET 3: By 20202, the worldwide burden of disease will be substantially decreased  achieved thru disease control programs aimed at reversing current trends of increasing incidence and disability caused by: TB, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tobacco related diseases, and violence and trauma  impact will be quantified in terms of premature death and disability

TARGET 4: Eradicate and Eliminate certain diseases  Measles will be eradicated by 2020  Lymphatic filariasis will be eliminated by 2020  Transmission of Chagas disease will be interrupted by 2010  Leprosy will be eliminated by 2010  Trachoma will be eliminate by 2020

by: goldi ^_^, adi,, buff, ezrah

 Vitamin A and iodine deficiencies will be eliminated by 2020

- owari -

TARGET 5: By 2020, all countries through intersectoral action, will have made proper progress in making available safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, foord and shelter in sufficient quantity and quality Proportion of households/people:  with regular access to sufficient and safe drinking water  with adequate sanitation facilities  living in shelter that is structurally safe & sited on safe land  with access to sufficient and safe food TARGET 6: By 2020, all countries will have introduced & be actively managing and monitoring strategies that strengthen health-enhancing lifestyles & weaken health damaging ones through a combination of regulatory, economic, educational, organizational, and community-based programmes TARGET 7: By 2005, all member states will have operational mechanisms for developing, implementing and monitoring policies that are consistent with this HFA policy Indicators should be applied to measure:  the quality of community involvement  existence of a policy as reflected in terms of national legislation  resource allocation in line with the policy  technical cooperation TARGET 8: By 2010, all people will have access throughout their lives to comprehensive, essential, quality health care, supported by essential public health functions  provide sustainable financing for PHC  invest in human & institutional capacity for health  optimize private and public sector support  strengthen research to support & advance PHC  implement global, national, and local surveillance and monitoring systems TARGET 9: by 2010, appropriate global and national health information, surveillance & alert systems will be established  enable countries to monitor & evaluate their health situation, performance of their services & impact of their policies TARGET 10: By 2010, research policies and institutional mechanisms will be operational at global, regional, and country level  all countries need to define their research priorities and ensure that research is funded and managed

by: goldi ^_^, adi,, buff, ezrah