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The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or The Lord's Supper and other names, is a Christian sacrament, generally considered to be a commemoration of the Last Supper, the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his arrest and eventual crucifixion. The consecration of bread and a cup within the rite recalls the moment at the Last Supper when Jesus gave his disciples bread, saying, "This is my body", and wine, saying, "This is my blood." There are different interpretations of the significance of the Eucharist, but "there is more of a consensus among Christians about the meaning of the Eucharist than would appear from the confessional debates over the sacramental presence, the effects of the Eucharist, and the proper auspices under which it may be celebrated." The phrase "the Eucharist" may refer not only to the rite but also to the bread and wine (or, in some Protestant denominations morally opposed to the consumption of alcohol, unfermented grape juice) used in the rite, and, in this sense, communicants may speak of "receiving the Eucharist", as well as "celebrating the Eucharist".

Etymology The Greek noun eucharistía (εὐχαριστία) derives from eú- "good, well" + cháris "favor, grace". Eucharistéō (εὐχαριστῶ) is the usual verb for "to thank" in the Septuagint and New Testament. It is found in the major texts concerning the Lord's Supper. For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which He was betrayed took bread; and when He had given thanks (eucharistéō), He broke it and said, "This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of Me." (1 Corinthians 11:23-24, NASB) And when He had taken a cup and given thanks (eucharistéō), He gave it to them, and they all drank from it. And He said to them, "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many." (Mark 14:23-24, NASB) "The Lord's Supper" (Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον) derives from 1 Corinthians 11:20-21. When you come together, it is not the Lord's Supper you eat, for as you eat, each of you goes ahead without waiting for anybody else. One remains hungry, another gets drunk.

"Communion" is a translation of the Greek koinōnía (κοινωνία), found in 1 Corinthians 10:16. The word κοινωνία is commonly translated "fellowship" in other contexts. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion (koinōnía) of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion (koinōnía) of the body of Christ? (1 Corinthians 10:16, KJV)

Christians find the origin of the Eucharist in the Last Supper, at which Jesus established a New Covenant in his body and blood, fulfilling theMosaic covenant. In this ancient rite or sacrament Christians eat bread and drink a cup as the body and blood of Christ. While certain beliefs and practices regarding the Eucharist may have changed over time and may vary today, the practice itself dates back to apostolic times and the earliest Christian writing. The earliest extant written account of the Christian eucharistia (Greek: thanksgiving) is that in the First Epistle to the Corinthians of the mid-50s, in which Paul the Apostle relates "eating the bread and drinking the cup of the Lord" in the celebration of a "Supper of the Lord" to theLast Supper of Jesus some 25 years earlier. The Eucharist is a central religious rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy and several of the Christian denominations that have emerged since the Protestant Reformation. Letters of Ignatius of Antioch speak of it as a central rite for the Christians of the first years of the second century, and it is recorded as celebrated more than half a century earlier by the Christian community at Jerusalem and elsewhere. Contemporary scholarship examines whether Jesus meant to institute a ritual at his Last Supper, and whether the Last Supper was an actual historical event in any way related to the undisputed early "Lord's Supper" or "Eucharist". On the one hand, writers associated with the Jesus Seminar say that the Lord's

supper seems to have had its origins in a pagan context, where dinners to memorialize the dead were common and the Jewish prohibition against drinking blood did not prevail; and that the rite that Paul describes probably originated in the Christian communities that he had founded in Asia Minor and Greece. From a very early date the Eucharist was a regular part of Christian worship and was held to have been instituted by Jesus, and the service is recorded in Acts 2:42,46 as celebrated by the first Christians in Jerusalem. Some scholars hold that the tradition that Paul recorded in his first letter to the Corinthians dated from his earliest years as a Christian, some eight years before he began his missionary activity, and twenty before he wrote that letter to a congregation that he had established about seven years before.

Heograpiya ang tawag sa agham ng mga lokasyon ng mundo. Nakapokus ito sa distribusyon ng likas na yaman at mga tao sa ibabaw ng lupa. Ang salitang heograpiya ay mula sa salitang Kastilang geografía. Nag-ugat ito sa mga salitang Griyegong γη gi (‘daigdig’) at γράφειν gráfein(‘isulat’ o ‘ilarawan’). Ang topograpiya ang masusing pag-aaral ng anyo o hugis ng isang bansa.